五四真题剖析
(一)选择型阅读理解
A
(2018·山东威海中考)Amanda Kitts is one of “tomorrow's people”—people who have artificial(人工的) body parts. She has a bionic(电子操控的) arm.
Now, Kitts runs a day-care center. Children run up to her happily as she comes into the classroom. She bends over to talk with a small girl. As she bends, Kitts puts her hands on her knees. For most people, this would be easy. However, just a few years ago, this was impossible for Kitts.
In 2006, Kitts was in a car accident. A truck crushed(挤坏) her left arm and the doctor had to cut it off. “I was angry, sad, depressed. I just couldn't accept it，” she says. But then she heard about a new technique that could use the remaining nerves(神经) in her shoulder to control an artificial arm.
In a difficult operation, a doctor moved Kitts's nerves to different areas of her upper-arm muscles. For months, the nerves grew. Millimeter by millimeter, they moved deeper into their new homes. “At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches(刺痛和抽搐)，”she said. A month later, she got her first bionic arm. A research engineer worked with Kitts to make the computer programs match her real movements more and more closely.
Today, Kitts's arm is great, but it's not yet perfect. She wants feeling in her hands. For example, she needs to feel whether something is rough or smooth. She also needs feeling to do one of her favorite things—drink coffee. “The problem with a paper coffee cup is that my hand will close until it gets a solid grip，” she says. One time at a coffee shop, her hand kept closing until it crushed the cup. But Kitts says positively, “ One day I'll be able to feel things with it... and clap my hands... to the songs my kids are singing.”
1．What is the difference between Kitts and normal people?
A．She has a bionic arm.
B．She can bend.
C．She can put her hands on her knees.
2．Kitts got her first bionic arm after the difficult operation.
A．almost three months
B．over one month
C．more than four months
3．Kitts is able to with her bionic hand.
A．clap her hands
B．hold things
C．feel rough or smooth things
4．Kitts's attitude toward her new arm is ．
A．positive B．angry C．perfect
5．Choose the right order of the events.
①Kitts heard about a new technique.
②Kitts crushed a paper coffee cup.
③Kitts had two human arms.
④A truck hit Kitts's car.
⑤Kitts got her first bionic arm.
⑥Doctors moved some of the nerves in Kitts's arm.
A．④①⑥⑤②③
B．③④⑤①②⑥
C．③④①⑥⑤②
【答案及解析】
1．A 细节理解题。由第一段可知Kitts有一个电子操控的手臂，故选A。
2．C 细节理解题。由第四段中的“‘At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches.’”和“A month later, she got her first bionic arm.”可以推断出是四个多月以后她获得了电子手臂，故选C。
3．B 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知“feel things”与“clap hands”是她希望以后可以实现的，故现在她不可以做这些事，故选B。
4．A 细节理解题。由最后一段可以看出尽管Kitts的胳膊不完美，但她仍然对未来充满希望，她希望自己将能够感受事物以及鼓掌等，故她对于自己的“新手”的态度是乐观的。
5．C 细节理解题。通读全文可知，Kitts一开始和正常人一样，拥有一对人类的手臂；后来发生了交通事故；Kitts听说了一种新科技；她决定做手术，医生把她的神经移植到她的手臂不同的区域；她得到了她的第一个由电子操控的手臂；她的“新手臂”挤坏了纸杯。故选C。
B
(2018·山东烟台中考)
On sale!
Girl's Purple Tent
It has light weight and is easy to fit together and take down.
There are small holes in the windows. These holes let the air in and keep the bugs out.
Price：￡30(￡66)
For more interesting things—Tel:
768-3647
Peng Lai Chun Restaurant
Yuxi Road
A Chinese restaurant. Delicious and great value！You can get a starter, a main course and a drink only for ￥18! Book early because it gets busy!
Wednesday: Kids under 8 half price.
Tel: 623-2972
Bookshop assistant
Dicken's Books
Lincoln Road
Monday～Friday, plus one Saturday per month
8 a．m.～4 p．m.
￡8 per hour
Telephone 879-6634 and speak to the shop manager.
John Hunter
Summer Fashion Show
Golden Shopping Plaza
2：00 p．m.
Saturday
Men's and women's swimwear and summer wear.
See 26 pretty and cool models in the latest fashions. All clothing on sale after the show for under $60. For more information：goldenplaza@sina.com
1.What can we know about the tent?
A．It's pink.
B．It's for boys.
C．It's easy to fit together and take down.
2．Why is it of great value to eat at Peng Lai Chun Restaurant?
A．Because the food there is cheap and delicious.
B．Because it is very busy.
C．Because all kids can eat at half price on Wednesdays there.
3．If Susan wants to work as an assistant at Dicken's Books, she ．
A．should call John Hunter at 768-3647
B．can earn at most ￡384 a week
C．A and B
4．We can't in Golden Shopping Plaza.
A．buy the clothing on sale for under $60 before the show
B．see women's swimwear or summer wear
C．see 26 pretty and cool models in the latest fashions
5．According to the information above, which of the following is NOT true?
A．The assistant at Dicken's Books has to work for 8 hours a day.
B．The holes in the windows of the tent can let the air and bugs in.
C．The Summer Fashion Show starts at 2：00 in the afternoon on Saturday.
【答案及解析】
1．C 细节理解题。根据帐篷广告信息中第一句可知C项正确。
2．A 细节理解题。根据餐馆广告信息中“Delicious and great value！You can get a starter, a main course and a drink only for ￥18！”可知A正确。
3．B 细节理解题。 A选项电话号码错误；根据招聘广告中的信息可知，一周工作6天，每天8小时，每小时8英镑，故最多挣6×8×8＝384英镑，故B正确。
4．A 细节理解题。根据时装秀广告中“All clothing on sale after the show for under $60.”可知选A。
5．B 细节理解题。根据招聘广告中“8 a．m.～4 p．m.”可知工作时间为8小时，A正确；根据时装秀广告中“2：00 p．m. Saturday”可知C正确；根据帐篷广告信息中“These holes let the air in and keep the bugs out.”可知B项说法错误。
C
(2018·山东莱芜中考)One sunny Monday, I decided to go for a walk with my husband. I was wearing a special diamond(钻石) ring that day. It was my 20th birthday gift from my grandmother.
As we were walking in the park, I unintentionally looked down at my hand and found the diamond on my ring was missing. I was really worried, so I went back to look for it. I knew how small the chances were of finding it, but I still wanted to give it a try.
As I was fixing my eyes on the ground, I ran into an old gentleman by accident. “What's wrong, love？”he asked nicely. “Sorry that I ran into you，” I said. “But I lost something. I'm really worried.” I explained about the missing diamond and showed him the hole in my ring. “That's not going to be easy to find it，” he said. “Tell you what, love, I take a walk here every day. I'll keep my eyes open for it.” I thanked him, expecting nothing.
A few days later, my husband and I met the old man again in the park. “Guess what，” he said. “I found your diamond！” I couldn't believe what I saw when the gentleman handed the diamond back to me. Then my husband offered him money for his help, but he refused.
The old man could have easily kept the diamond or sold it, as it's worth several thousand dollars. But he didn't. All I have to do is to look at my ring and remind myself that there are still kind and generous souls out there. Now thanks to this man, I'll spend more time trying to do something nice for other people.
1．The relationship between the lady and the old gentleman is ．
A．Husband and wife
B．Father and daughter
C．Owner and thief
D．Strangers
2．The underlined word“unintentionally” in Paragraph 2 probably
means ．
A．有意地 B．无意间 C．故意地 D．不小心
3．After the gentleman found the diamond, he ．
A．called 911 to look for the lady
B．sold the diamond for a lot of money
C．kept the diamond to himself
D．returned it when he met the lady
4．According to the passage, we can know the following EXCEPT ．
A．the diamond ring is a special gift for the lady
B．the lady lost her ring while she was walking
C．she knew it was difficult for her to find the diamond
D．she was surprised when the gentleman handed the diamond back to her
5．The main idea of the story is “ ”．
A．Always trust people who offer help
B．Strangers can be very nice sometimes
C．Keep an eye on your own things
D．Keep your eyes on the road when you walk on the street
【答案及解析】
1．D 推理判断题。由文章中第三段第一句和第四段倒数第一句可推测文中女士和老先生的关系应该是陌生人。故选D。
2．B 词义猜测题。由第二段第一句可知，作者和丈夫在公园散步的时候发现戒指上钻石丢失了，故应是无意之中发现的，故选B。
3．D 细节理解题。 由第四段第一二句可知老先生找到了戒指，当遇到作者时把戒指归还给了作者，故选D。
4．B 细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知A项正确；由第二段最后一句可知C项正确；由第四段第二句可知D项正确。故选B。
5．A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一位陌生人将作者丢失的钻石归还给了她的故事，故A项与文章的主旨最接近。
(二)判断正误型阅读理解
(2018·山东威海中考)
阅读C篇，判断正(A)误(B)。A表示正确，B表示错误。
Bangladesh(孟加拉) is an agricultural country between India and Burma. Storms from the Indian Ocean sweep across the country every year, and large areas of farming land are flooded(冲毁). The people are very poor.
Fewer than half of the country's children complete their primary education. When they are six or seven years old, many children leave school to work in the fields or at home. The rest of their “education” consists of looking after cattle, collecting firewood or doing household jobs.
Not long ago, an experimental school was opened near the capital, Dacca, to help poor children. There are only 120 children in the school, which has three classrooms. In each class, forty pupils are divided into four groups of ten. Each pupil is free to decide which group he or she wants to join.
The most able pupils do a great deal of the teaching. They act as group monitors. Their duty is to ensure that all pupils in their group understand and practice what the teacher has taught.
There are a number of unusual features in the Bangladesh school. Children do not move up a class automatically when they grow older. Each group is promoted(升级) only when EVERY pupil in it has succeeded in getting to the right standard. As a result, all members of a group work hard to help the less able pupils. Nobody is left behind.
Lessons are extremely practical and include work on farming, carpentry, health and running a home—as well as lessons on the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. At school, pupils prepare for adult life by learning to carry out almost all the tasks which they will face when they grow older.
If pupils have to look after cattle or young children, they are allowed to bring them to school. If a child has to stay at home to help his parents, there is no scolding or punishment(责罚) at school. Children enjoy their lessons and the school is cheap to run. It is so successful that other schools in Bangladesh are beginning to imitate(模仿) its methods. Visitors are even coming from other agricultural countries to see if they can use a similar method.
1．Many people in Bangladesh work on farms.
2．Most children in Bangladesh complete their primary education.
3．In each group, the biggest or oldest pupil is made a monitor.
4．At the end of each school year, all the pupils move to a higher class.
5．At school, pupils learn to do almost all the tasks needed in adult life.
【答案及解析】
1．A 细节理解题。从第一句话可以看出孟加拉是一个农业大国，所以许多的人从事农业是正确的。
2．B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知少于一半的学生完成初级教育，所以大多数学生完成初级教育是错误的。
3．B 细节理解题。从第四段的第一、二句可知，最有能力的学生成为组长，故此描述错误。
4．B 细节理解题。从第五段的第二、三句可知，只有组内的每个孩子都达到标准才能够升级，所以此描述错误。
5．A 细节理解题。由第六段最后一句可知此描述正确。
(三)还原型阅读理解
(2018·山东威海中考)
阅读D篇，根据短文内容，将下面方框中的句子还原到文章当中，使短文内容完整。
Complain(抱怨) Politely
Not everything goes the way you want it to. You may go to a restaurant and order a nice meal. But your order is wrong or not cooked properly. You may buy a product that breaks the next day. 1 However, if you speak angrily to people, they will become defensive(自卫的). Then they are less likely to help you. A more effective(有效的) way to get what you want is to stay calm.
Use polite language and a friendly tone of voice. Start with phrases such as, “I'm sorry to bother you, but...”or“Excuse me, but could you...？” For example, “I'm sorry to bother you, but I ordered potato soup, not vegetable.” Phrasing your complaint as a question also helps. 2 “Could you help me? I just bought this phone case yesterday, but it's cracked.”
3 There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them. Use the phrase，“I know this isn't your fault, but...”or “There has been a misunderstanding.” 4 Blaming people isn't as important as getting a problem fixed!
There are honest mistakes, but at times someone may try to take advantage of you. In that case, don't say “Hey! You're trying to cheat me！” Instead, use the phrase, “I understood that...” For example, “I understood that the service charge was included in the price.” Then give the person a chance to answer.
If you don't get what you want with polite conversation, ask to speak to a manager or supervisor. 5
A．When trying to correct a problem, don't blame(责备) the person you're talking to.
B．People like to be asked rather than told!
C．But usually, you'll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation.
D．These kinds of experiences make you want to complain.
E．These phrases let people know you are only angry at the situation.
【答案及解析】
1．D 推理判断题。前文列举了不合自己心意的经历，结合语境可知，接下来描述这些经历可能会让你想要抱怨。故选D。
2．B 推理判断题。结合前文可知，以问题的形式来表达自己的不满会有帮助，后文举例说明如何提问题，故此处描述人们通常喜欢被问而不是被告诉，故选B。
3．A 推理判断题。由空后内容可知，责备某人会让他很快地疏远自己，故此处应该表示当更正一个问题时，不要责备正在和你交谈的人，故选A。
4．E 推理判断题。前文举例描述，当你想要更正某人的错误时，可以如何去表达，结合语境可推知此处应该是说明这样表达的好处，故选E。
5．C 推理判断题。最后总结介绍：如果按照以上讲述的方法去做的话，问题通常会得到解决。故选C。
五四题型专练
(一)选择型阅读理解
A
(2018·河南新乡一模)
What's on in Beijing (March 3～9)
Hamlet(Mandarin)
Hamlet is considered to be William Shakespeare's greatest tragedy(悲剧). The play tells the story of how Hamlet, prince of Denmark, avenged(为……复仇) his dead father.
Beijing Comedy Theater is putting on a Mandarin version(汉语版) of the play through next week.
Click here to learn more.
If you go：
7：30 p．m., March 2～10(except March 5 and 6). Beijing Comedy Theater, 11 Chaoyangmen North Street，
Dongcheng district, Beijing. 400-610-3721.
Ticket: 80～500 yuan (half price for a second ticket)
The Sleeping Beauty
The Sleeping Beauty is a ballet which was first on stage in 1890.
The music was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
A new version, presented by the ballet company of the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theater in 2006, will meet a Beijing audience this weekend.
Click here to learn more.
If you go：
7：30 p．m., March 2～4. Opera House, National Center for the Performing Arts, 2 West Chang'an Avenue, Xicheng district. 010-6655-0000.
Ticket: 100～680 yuan
1.Hamlet put on Beijing Comedy Theater in March is .
A．in English B．in Chinese C．a comedy D．a movie
2．The Sleeping Beauty ．
A．is a ballet composed by Shakespeare
B．will be put on at Beijing Comedy Theater in March, 2018
C．is a movie directed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
D．will be presented for the Beijing audience to see in March
3．If you want to book two tickets for Hamlet, how much do you need to pay at least？( )
A．120 yuan. B．160 yuan. C．250 yuan. D．500 yuan.
4．From the two passage what can we learn？( )
A．People can watch Hamlet every day from March 2～9.
B．The new version of The Sleeping Beauty was first presented in March this year.
C．People can enjoy The Sleeping Beauty at Opera House from March 2～4.
D．Both Hamlet and The Sleeping Beauty are put on at 7：30, March 2～4.
5．Where can we probably see this passage？( )
A．On a map.
B．In a guidebook.
C．On a web page.
D．In a science book.
B
(2018·山东济宁邹城模拟)Zeng Zi was a famous thinker in Chinese history. And he was one of Confucius students.
One day, Zeng Zi's wife wanted to go to market. Their son wanted to go together with her. He made a row, crying and fussing without stop. His wife could do nothing but bend down to humour him, saying: “My darling, go home now. Mama will be back soon. When I'm back, I'll kill the pig to make a meal for you.”
When the son heard this, he stayed at home happily.
Not long after, the wife returned home from the market. Zeng Zi tied up their fat pig, took out a shining sharp knife and prepared to kill it. When his wife saw this, she hurriedly held Zeng Zi by the hand and said: “What's the matter with you? I was only trying to humour the child.” Zeng Zi said seriously: “How can you cheat a child? The child is still small and doesn't understand things. He only follows the example of his parents. Now you cheat him, then he will follow your example and cheat others. Furthermore, when a mother cheats her child, the child will no longer trust his mother. Then, how can you educate the child well？”
Having said this, Zeng Zi raised his knife and killed the fat pig.
1．Where did Zeng Zi's son want to go with his mother？( )
A．The store. B．The market. C．The garden. D．The palace.
2．Zeng Zi's wife when she found he wanted to kill the pig.
A．tried to stop her husband
B．was very calm
C．agreed with her husband
D．untied the rope of the pig
3．Which is TRUE according to the passage？( )
A．Zeng Zi's son wanted to have the meat, so he cried.
B．Zeng Zi hated his wife very much.
C．If a parent tries to cheat the child, the child won't believe him or her any longer.
D．Zeng Zi's wife always disagreed with her husband.
4．What can we learn from the story？( )
A．Parents should take their children with them when they go outside.
B．Parents should set good examples for their children.
C．Mothers aren't so strict as fathers.
D．A husband should respect his wife.
C
(2018·山东济南槐荫一模)“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet(饮食) is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fiber(纤维素), without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important?
The human body needs water to stay alive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies.However，doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount(数量) we need to stay alive.
Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems starts as a result of dehydration—a lack(缺少) of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated(脱水) at least some of time, although they probably don't know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first period of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.
These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories(热量) so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water.
There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to see the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often.
1．From Paragraph 1 we can learn that ．
A．some doctors don't like apples
B．we get energy and fiber from healthy foods
C．It's very important to save water
D．healthy foods give us a lot of fat and sugar
2．The doctors advise us ．
A．to drink water even if we don't feel thirsty
B．to drink water only when we feel thirsty
C．to stay in the first stage of dehydration
D．to drink a small amount of water every day
3．The word “asthma” in Paragraph 4 is most probably a kind of ．
A．food B．illness C．drink D．medicine
4．From Paragraph 4 we can learn that drinking more water can help people ．
A．sleep well B．have a better memory
C．lose weight D．understand things better
5．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE？( )
A．Water is important because it provides us with fat and sugar.
B．We'll never need to go to the doctor if we drink plenty of water.
C．A lot of illnesses and health problems can lead to dehydration.
D．Drinking water is important but it can't solve all health problems.
D
(2018·山东滨州阳信模拟)To anyone who isn't British, the name of Red Nose Day probably sounds a little strange. Red Nose Day is an event which takes place every other year. The aim of the day is to raise as much money as possible for Comic Relief(喜剧救济基金会), a charity which helps people in the UK and across Africa. This year, it took place on 13th March.
Across Britain, people are encouraged to wear red noses and do something “funny for money” this day. This could be dyeing(染) their hair red for the day, painting their faces or joining in many kinds of money-raising events. Many schools hold cake sales or have a non-uniform day to raise money. There are also bigger events which they can take part in, such as “Dancing”. Over 2, 000 people took part in this six-hour dancing event, alongside several famous guests. The money raised will be put towards the projects run by Comic Relief. On Red Nose Day, lots of television programs make special reports for Comic Relief.
For me, the best part about Red Nose Day is wearing the red nose. New noses are designed each year and there is usually a theme. For example, one year the noses had a dinosaur theme. Besides the traditional red nose, people can also buy other products to support Comic Relief, such as umbrellas, cups, T-shirts and pens.
Comic Relief works with both children and adults. In Africa, the charity works to improve the quality of life in local communities. It helps children go to school and provides vaccines(疫苗) against deadly illnesses. In the UK, Comic Relief works closely with disabled and elderly people to make sure they have equal rights and have chances to use the facilities(设备) that they need.
1．How often does Red Nose Day take place？( )
A．Twice a year.
B．Twice a month.
C．Once two years.
D．Once a year.
2．What may people usually do on Red nose Day？( )
A．They wear red noses and do something funny to raise money.
B．They only watch TV at home.
C．They hold a big party to have fun.
D．They buy products from poor children to help them.
3．What will the money raised be used to do？( )
A．It will be put into a nearby bank in Britain.
B．It will be given to poor children around the world.
C．It will be used to buy umbrellas, cups and T-shirts.
D．It will be put towards the projects run by Comic Relief.
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Red Nose Day？( )
A．The best part about Red Nose Day is dancing all night.
B．There is usually no special theme for each Red Nose Day.
C．People can also sell their products to Comic Relief.
D．Comic Relief helps all kinds of people in trouble in the UK and Africa.
5．What's the best title of the passage？( )
A．Comic Relief's Work
B．Red Nose Day in Britain
C．Let's Have a Dance
D．Vaccines for Africa
(二)判断正误型阅读理解
阅读文章，判断正(A)误(B)。A表示正确，B表示错误。
(2018·湖南衡阳中考)Once upon a time, there was a tree which wanted to become a treasure box. One day, a farmer cut it down and sold it to a carpenter(木匠). The tree was happy because he thought the carpenter would make it into a treasure box.
To its surprise, the carpenter made it into a feed box for animals. The tree felt very disappointed because that was not its dream. Several years later, the feed box was thrown away. Someone picked it up and placed it into an old temple. The tree forgot its dream little by little.
One day, a couple came to the temple. The woman gave birth to a baby boy. There wasn't a bed in the temple. So they placed the baby in the feed box. They loved him and regarded him as their treasure. The tree suddenly realized that it became a real “treasure box” at that time.
Sometimes you may think your dream will not come true. Don't forget your dream. It may be realized in another new way.
1．The tree felt very sad when the farmer sold it to a carpenter.( )
2．The carpenter made the tree into a treasure box.( )
3．To be a feed box was the tree's dream.( )
4．The couple used the feed box as their baby's bed.( )
5．Never give up your dream, it may be realized in another new way.( )
(三)还原型阅读理解
阅读文章，根据短文内容，将下面方框中的句子还原到文章当中，使短文内容完整。
(2018·湖北黄冈中考改编)When you speak, write a letter, or make a telephone, your words carry a message. People communicate with words. 1. A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. 2. when you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head and people know you are saying “No”. You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”．
3． For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door tells you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of other signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? 4. An artist can use his drawings to tell about the beautiful mountains, the blue seas and many other things. A writer writes books to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas.
5. They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.
A．People can communicate in many other ways.
B．But do you know people also communicate without words?
C．Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad.
D．Magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others.
E．Other things can also carry messages.
参考答案
(一)
A
1～5 BDACC
B
1～4 BACB
C
1～5 BABCD
D
1～5 CADDB
(二)
1～5 BBBAA
(三)
1～5 BCEAD
