课件46张PPT。Unit 7Unit 7 The SeaBy the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to? use relative clauses with when, where and why.
? understand and use prep. + relative pronouns at the basic level.Relative Clauses (Ⅱ)Read the sentences and find the rulesPlease do Ex. on Page 9① By around 900AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the
Vikings chose to live.
② I still remember the day when I attend my first lecture in college.
③ Could you help me to find out the reason why the brake doesn’t work?Find the rules Summary 关系副词引导的定语从句wherewhenwhyEric set sail once again, this time with
25 ships, of which only 14 made it to
Greenland.
b) Eric the Red was forced to leave because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
c) Biarni was the man with whom Leif
discussed his plan. of whichfor whichwith whomUnderstand the meaning Eric set sail once again, this time with
25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships.
Only 14 of the ships made it to Greenland.Eric the Red was forced to leave because
he had committed a murder, for which he
got into trouble. Eric the Red was forced to leave
because he had committed a murder.For the murder he got into trouble.Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plan. Biarni was the man.Leif discussed his plan with the man. Ex. 1. I have five balloons, of which 3 are yellow.2. David is my friend, with whom I play tennis.3. He has 20 books, of which only two are
interesting.4. Mr. John, to whom we complained,
apologised for the mistakes.5. The Antarctic, about which we know little, is covered with snow and ice all the year round.
6. The shop, from which we bought the
air- conditioner, is not far from my
house.7. You’d better tell her the name of the book, in which she can find information about the project.
8. They have just started the trip to Tibet, for which they prepared for a month.定语从句 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导词，定语从句通常放在先行词的后面。引导词:
关系代词: who, whom, whose, that,
which
关系副词: when, where, why要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理解透 “关系词”具有的三种功能：
(1) 引导一个定语从句。(在定语从句开头)
(2) 替代“先行词”。(省去从句中对应的
he/ she/it/ they/ him/ her/ them/…)
(3) 在定语从句中充当成分。(作主语/宾
语/定语/表语/状语)1. 由who，whom，whose 引导的定语
从句。这类定语从句中who用作主
语，whom作宾语，whose作定语指人。
e.g. This is the man _______helped me.
这位是帮过我的那个人。用法：who__________________ you are looking for
is in the room.
你找的那位大夫在屋里。
Do you know ____________________is
Liu Ming?
你认识那个叫刘明的人吗？The doctor whomthe man whose name2. which引导的定语从句
这类从句只能指物，which在从句中作
主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。
e.g. This is ________________________.
这就是你要的那本书。
____________________stands near
the river is our school.
河边的那栋楼是我们学校。the book which you wantThe building which___________________there is a machine is a workshop.
有机器的房间是车间。 The room in which1) “介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句
which指代物，whom指代人。
“介词+ which / whom”中的介词可以根据先行词的习惯搭配或从句中动词、形容词等的习惯搭配来选择。介词可置于从句之前或之后，但含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。e.g. She didn’t give the reason __________ she was late for school again.
她没有给出她再次上学迟到的理由。
_____________________Mr. Johnson was not too sure was the young man’s honesty.
约翰逊先生不太确定年轻人是否诚实。for whichThe thing about whichThe machine ______________________
for twenty years is still working well.
我保养了 20 年的机器仍运转良好。 which I have looked after2) 引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代词往往用 which, 不用 that。
e.g. I have lost my book, _______I like
very much.
我丢了那本我非常喜欢的书。注意！which3. 由that引导的定语从句
that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。
e.g. ______________I received was from
my father.
我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。The letter that在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：
1) 先行词是不定代词: all, few, little, much,
something, nothing, anything等。
e.g. ________we have to do is to practice
every day.
我们要做的就是每天练习。注意！All that2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
e.g. __________________I learned will
never be forgotten.
我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。The first lesson that3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。
e.g. I have read _________________ you
gave me. 你给我的书我全读完了。
4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰时。
e.g. He is ___________________ I want
to talk to.
他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。all the books (that)the only person that5) 先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. They talked of _________________
______they remembered in the
school.
他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学
校的人和事。 things and persons
that关系副词的句法功能及特点e.g. I know _______________ he came late.
我知道他为什么来晚了。
This is ______________ we lived for 5
years.
这就是我住过五年的地方。
I will never forget the Day _______ I
met Mr. Li.
我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。 the reason whythe place wherewhen先行词是表示地点时，有时用where，有时用that（which）引导定语从句。这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。如果是及物动词就用that (which)，否则用where。 e.g. This is ________________ he lived
last year.
这就是他去年住的房子。
This is the house _____________ he
visited last year.
这就是他去年去过的房子。the house wherethat (which)注意：
当先行词表达“地步、境地、形势”等抽象概念，如situation, case, stage, point, condition, position等，且在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。
当先行词occasion意为“时刻”，且在从句中作时间状语时，关系词用when；意为“场合”，且在从句中作地点状语时，关系词用where。在包含定语从句的句子中，要想正确运用关系代词和关系副词，需先确定定语从句和先行词，然后判断关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。 【温馨提示】每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相
近。
1. I will never forget the day on which I came to this school for the first time.
I will never forget the day ________ I came to this school for the first time.
2. The man to whom you should write is Mr. White.
The man __________ you should write to is Mr. White. when who/whom
/that 3. I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school.
I visited the village ________ many children couldn’t go to school.
4. Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t attend the meeting?
Can you tell me the reason ________ ________ you didn’t attend the meeting?where? forwhich1. I have five balloons. Three of them are yellow.
I have five balloons, of which three are yellow.Join the pairs of sentences using relative pronouns.2. David is my friend. I often play tennis
with him.
David is my friend, with whom I often
play tennis.
3. He has twenty books. Only two of
them are interesting.
He has twenty books, of which only two are
interesting.4. Mr. Johnson apologized for the
mistake. We complained to him.
Mr. Johnson, to whom we complained,
apologized for the mistake.
5. The Antarctic is covered with snow and ice
all year round. Men know little about it.
The Antarctic, about which we know
little, is covered with snow and ice all
the year round.6. The shop is not far from my house.
We bought the air-conditioner from it.
The shop, where we bought the air-
conditioner, is not far from my house.
7. You’d better tell her the name of the
book. She can find information about the
project there.
You’d better tell her the name of the
book, in which she can find information about the project.8. They have just started their trip to
Tibet. They prepared for it for a month.
They have just started their trip
to Tibet for which they prepared
for a month.Work in groups and write about a famous event or a famous person in history. Try to use relative clauses (when, where, which, who…) in your description.Example
April 4, 1968, was the day when Martin Luther King was killed by a white man who hated black people.What famous events and famous people can you think of?
Describe one of them and use as many relative clauses (when, where, which, who) as you can.
Exchange your writing with your partner and read it.Finish Exercise 10 on page 9.课件43张PPT。Unit 7Unit 7 The SeaLesson 1
The Spirit of ExplorersThe Spirit of Explorers
探险精神
spirit是名词（与肉体相对而言的）精
神，心灵
常用搭配：in spirit 精神上
in a spirit of ……的精神e.g. I shall be with you ___________.
我的心和你在一起。
We acted ____________ respect for
one another.
我们本着互相尊重的精神行事。 in spiritin a spirit ofMy spirits sank when I saw the mess they’d left. [常用复数]情绪，心境
David took the joke in the right / wrong spirit. 态度
常用搭配为in the right / wrong spirit
Many people believe the spirit lives on after death. 灵魂【拓展】
team spirit 团队精神
be in high / low spirits 情绪高/低
out of spirits 意志消沉，没精打采
That’s the spirit! （用以鼓励他人的勇气、决心等）那样才对，那才算是好样的翻译下列句子。
1) 虽然汤姆现在住在美国，但是我觉得他
的心和我在一起。
2) 这个问题只能用友好的态度来解决。Although Tom’s now living in America, I feel he’s with me in spirit.The problem can only be solved in a spirit of friendship.2. They achieved this long before Columbus ever _______.
他们在哥伦布启航很久之前就已经来过这儿。
long before __________before long __________
e.g. I shall see you again ___________,
my boy.
孩子, 很快我就会再来看你。在很久之前不久set sailbefore longIt be + 一段时间 + before “过了多久”
e.g. ______________________ I got to
sleep again.
过了很久, 我才又睡着了。It was a long time beforeset sail 起航
【拓展】
set about doing sth. 开始做某事，着手
做某事
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out 相当于set forth
set off 启程，出发e.g. The government must ____________
_________solutions to the pollution
problems.
政府必须立即找出治理污染的办法。 set about
finding3. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，红发埃里克因犯谋杀案而惹上麻烦，并被迫离开冰岛。
according to 根据，依照
e.g. Do the experiment ______________
what your teacher tells you to.
做实验时要依据老师的指导去做。according toget into trouble 遇到麻烦
e.g. She is always ___________________.
她总是有麻烦。
be in trouble 有麻烦, 有困难, 出事
e.g. He _____________ again. This time
he has broken a window.
他又有麻烦了。这次他打碎了窗
户上的玻璃。getting into troubleis in troublehave trouble (in) doing something
做某事有困难
e.g. Did you ________________________
the house?
你找到这所房子有困难吗？have any trouble (in) finding【拓展】
in trouble with sb.
可能受到某人的批评或处罚
ask / look for trouble 自找麻烦”
make trouble for sb. 为某人制造麻烦
take trouble to do sth. 尽心尽力/费力地做某事”
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦/不厌其烦地做某事选择以上含trouble的短语，并用其适当
形式填空。
1) Harrison has never _________________ _________________ his teachers before.
2) The teacher __________________ learn all our names on the first day.
3) Parents often _________________ finding restaurants that welcome young children. been in trouble with
/made trouble for?? took the trouble to?have trouble (in)?4) Robin finally admitted that their marriage was ___________.
5) Driving after drinking is ________
____________________.in trouble asking
/ looking for trouble4. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.
他说服一些人与他一起回到格陵兰岛。
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth.
说服某人做某事
talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth.
说服某人不要做某事persuade sb. out of doing sth.
说服某人不要做某事
talk sb. out of doing sth.
说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
e.g. He _________________________ in
physics. 他说服我主修物理。
I ___________________________ with
him. 我说服她不要和他去跋涉旅行。persuaded me into majoringpersuaded her not to go hikingHow can you ________________ the advantages of solar cars?
你怎样才能使他们相信太阳能汽车的好处呢？ persuade them of5. Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party.
红发埃里克登上格陵兰岛不久，一个叫比阿尼的人也从冰岛起航来寻找埃里克一行人。
in search of 相当于in search for寻找，寻求……
search sb./ some place搜查某人、某处
search for sth./ sb. 寻找，寻求某物/某人e.g. The family were running from street to street ________________ the lost child.
那家人为寻找丢失的孩子而走街
串巷地跑来跑去。in search for / of6. Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada.
利夫依照比阿尼的指点，据说航行到了现在的加拿大海岸。
what作主语, 此处不能用where。
follow “跟随”
e.g. He __________her up the stairs.
他跟着她上了楼。 followed“沿着走”
e.g. _________________to the corner.
沿着这条路走到拐角处。
“遵循, 依照行事”
e.g. He _______________________that
his teacher gave.
他必须听从老师的指导。
“听懂”
e.g. You are reading too fast for me ________.
你读得太快, 我听不懂。Follow this roadmust follow the directionsto follow1. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland. Sentence Explanations 公元982年，冰岛生活着多达一万人的北欧海盗，就在此时，一个叫红发埃里克的人决定向西远航。本句是一个___________。when引导时间状语从句，called Eric the Red作定语修饰man。there were ... in Iceland是主句，其中living in Iceland作定语修饰___________。主从复合句Vikingsas many as ... 意为“和……一样多，多达……”。
【拓展】
在“there be +名词+ doing”结构中, 名词与doing之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；若动词与名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且该动词所表示的动作已发生时，则用done；若表示动作将要发生时，则用动词不定式。【仿写】
2008年，在我们学校学习的学生多达一千名。在那一年，北京举办了夏季奥运会。
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.In 2008, when Beijing held the Summer Olympics, there were as many as 1,000 students studying in our school.2. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但大风使他偏离航线，把他刮到了一个不知名的地方。从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。本句是一个______________________。前一个分句中的who was with Eric是___________ ，修饰先行词father；后一个分句中的he was ... land是主句，from where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词_______。land 由but连接的并列复合句定语从句【仿写】
汤姆希望去拜访在爱丁堡工作的哥哥，但是他的车在路上坏了，他最远到了纽卡斯尔，从那里他不得不乘公共汽车去。
________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________.Tom was hoping to visit his brother who was working in Edinburgh, but his car broke down on the way and he only got to as far as Newcastle, from where he had to go by bus instead.3. Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada.?
利夫依照比阿尼的指点，据说航行到了现在的加拿大海岸。
本句是一个__________。followed和sailed是并列的谓语动词；sailed to后跟宾语从句，what在从句中作_______。主从复合句主语【仿写】
科学家发现了据说是迄今为止最小的昆虫。
Scientists have discovered ___________________________________ ever found.what is believed to be the smallest insect 4. According to the old stories of Iceland
and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to
leave Iceland because he had committed
a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛及挪威的一些传说，红发埃里
克被迫离开冰岛是因为他犯了谋杀罪，
因此而惹上麻烦。① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland
为主句。
③ because he had committed a murder是
原因状语从句。
④ for which ... trouble是“介词+关系代词”
引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明先
行词________的情况。murder【仿写】
据我的朋友皮特说，汤姆被迫搬离了那所公寓，因为他经常举办聚会，因此陷入了和邻居们的矛盾中。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________According to my friend Peter, Tom was forced to move out of his apartment because he often held parties, for which he got into trouble with his neighbours. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. It was a long journey, but we arrived __________ (eventual), tired and exhausted.
2. Christopher Columbus, a famous sixteenth-century __________ (explore), discovered North America.eventually explorer 3. She loves stamps and her _________ (collect) of stamps took ten years to make.
4. I want to be a famous __________ (write) when I grow up, because I like making up stories.?collection writer 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一
词）。
1. We ________ ________ (启航) from China to Japan on a sunny morning.
2. Whenever I ________ ________ ________（陷入困境）, he is always the first one to help me.
3. Students are put in different groups ________ ________ (根据) their abilities and hobbies.?set sail get into trouble accordingto4. Receiving the call, the police started off at once ________ ________ ________ (寻找) the missing girl.
5. When she applied for her passport, Grace had to ________ ________ (填写) half a dozen different forms.
6. The train leaves at 10:15, and it’s now ten o’clock. I think we can ________ ________ ________ (到达) the station.?in search of?? fill out / in make itto1. Learn the words and expressions learned in this lesson.
2. Review lesson 2.课件29张PPT。Unit 7Unit 7 The SeaLesson 1
The Spirit of ExplorersWho can you think of when we talk about “the explorers”?He (1371-1435) sailed from China to many places throughout South Pacific, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and distant Africa in seven epic voyages from 1405 to 1433, some 80 years before Columbus's voyages. Zheng HeHe (1728 – 1779) was a British explorer, navigator (航海家), cartographer (制图师), and captain in the Royal Navy (英国皇家海军). Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean.James CookHe (1451–1506) was a Spanish sailor. He made four voyages. He is famous all over the world now. People consider him to have discovered America first. ColumbusWho arrived in America first?VikingChristopher
ColumbusZheng He
(Chinese sailor)James CookBefore you startWho were the Vikings?The Vikings were a group of people who
came from Scandinavia. They dominated
the seas and coasts of northern Europe
between the 8th and 9th centuries.This is the Vinland map. It might be the oldest map of North America. Some people believe the Vikings drew it. They think Christopher Columbus may have used it to find the New world.2. Find Chinese names for these places on P110. Scandinavian
Iceland
Norway
Greenland
Newfoundland 斯堪的纳维亚人冰岛挪威格陵兰纽芬兰北美洲欧洲亚洲非洲ScandinaviaIcelandNewfound-landGreenland斯堪的纳维亚 挪威 格陵兰 冰岛 纽芬兰Learn the names for placesNorwayBy the end of the lesson, you’ll be able to understand the meanings of the new words in the context.
obtain specific information about early sea exploration.
talk about the Viking voyages.The Viking VoyagesAbout the Vikings
Biarni’s journey to Greenland
Leif’s trip to Newfoundland
About Eric the Red
End of the introduction Para.1,2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6Read the text quickly and match the headings Sequence the events A. Eric told people about Greenland.
B. Eric left Iceland and set sail west.
C. 10,000 Vikings lived in Iceland.
D. Leif discovered Newfoundland.
E. 14 ships arrived at Greenland.
F. Eric returned to Iceland.C—B—F—A—E—D Read the passage. Then complete the table below about the Vikings’ major discoveries.Eric the Redunknown landblown off coursenot longer after Eric the Red had landed in GreenlandBiarnithe year 1002Leif and BiarniVinland (now known as Newfoundland)planned the tripWhy did Eric the Red leave Iceland?
He was forced to leave Iceland because he got into trouble for a murder he had committed.Read the text again and answer the following questions.2. Who was Biarni looking for when
he was blown to an unknown land?
He was looking for his father who was with Eric’s party.
3. How do we know about the Vikings?
We know about them through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland.1. Eric the Red wanted to find a place which could be colonized so he decided to set sail further.
2. Biarni set sail from Iceland in order to join Leif’s father.True or False FF3. Biarni discovered Greenland first.
4. The Vikings were stronger and stronger in Northern Europe from the 8th to 10th century.
5. According to official records Europeans reached America long before Columbus ever set sail.FTTPost readingEuropeansancestorsNorthern EuropeGreenlanda murderNewfoundland1. finally
2. succeed in doing
3. never heard of
4. start a sea journeyeventually
achieve
unknown
set sailFind the words in the text that match most closely with the meaning of the words below.Vocabulary: Definitions5. looking for
6. sea journey
7. now
8. based onin search of
voyage
present-day
according toImagine the difficulties the Viking met and write 5 sentences about it.
