中考英语复习情态动词
考情分析
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目。中考有关情态动词的考点主要是情态动词的类型、特征、基本用法和词义辨析,预计2019年中考对于情态动词表示可能性推测的考查仍将成为命题者热衷的考点。考查题型主要集中在单项选择、完成句子中,有时在完型填空题中也会涉及情态动词的考查。而且试题立意不偏不怪,情景设置逼近真实,设问角度更趋向于细微化和综合化。
备考时考生要从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语意特征,掌握每个情态动词的用法特点和功能,仔细揣摩语境中说话者的情感、态度和语气。
学习目标
1.情态动词的意义;
2.情态动词的基本句型;
3.情态动词的基本用法。
情态动词的类型
1.只作情态动词的有:must, can (could), may (might);
2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;
3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will (would), shall (should);
4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have to, ought to, had better.
考点一 情态动词的特征
1.有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化(have to除外)
如:She can speak English well.
2.不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语
如:I have to look after my mother.
He can’t be here.
3.后接不带to的动词不定式
如:It may rain tomorrow.
4.具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语
如:You mustn’t go alone.
Can I go now?
考点二 常见情态动词的基本用法
1.can/could
(1)表示能力,意为"能,会 "
如: I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
例: (2018·广东省)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
—If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
(2)表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may
如:She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。
(3)用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句
如:The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing.
那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢?
【注意】
(1)can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。
如: —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?
—Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。
(2)can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
如: I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了
I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。
2.may/might
(1)表示允许或许可,意为"可以"
如:May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗?
例: (2018·四川资阳) —______ I have a talk with you now?
—Sorry, I’m quite busy.
A. Will B. Must C. May D. Need
(2)表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉
如:—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句
如: He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。
例1:(2018四川成都中考)—Wow. another gift! What’s in the box?
—I'm not sure. It_______be a pair of sports shoes.
A. must B. may C. will
例2:(2018?河南中考) —Are you going to the cinema tonight?
—I don’t know. I _____ go or I _____ stay at home.
A. will; will B. must; must C. should; should D. might; might
【注意】
(1)may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。
如: —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。
(2)用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,may not/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。
如:The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。
It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America.
那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。
例:(2018·海南中考)—Is that Mr. Zhou?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A. may B. can C. can’t
3.must
(1)表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气
如:You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
例:(2018?贵州黔南)You________ write the report again because spelling mistakes are not allowed at all.
A. may B. can C. must D. could
(2)mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告
如:You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself.
你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。
例:(2018·湖南湘潭)Did you see the sign “No swimming”? You swim in the river.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to
(3)表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替
如: This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。
例:(2018·山东青岛中考) This book ______ be Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
【注意】
must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;
否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
如:—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
例1:(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) — ________ I finish my work now?
— No, you _________. You can do it later.
A. May; needn’t B. Must; don’t have to C. Can, couldn’t
例2: (2018·湖北黄冈) —Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?
—No, you __________. You can finish it in two days.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn't
(2)must和have to的区别:
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
如:We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",
就要用have to的相应形式。
如:You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
4.will
(1)表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意"
如:If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。
(2)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等
如:Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗?
(3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是"
如:Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back.
凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。
5.would
(1)作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意"
如:He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。
(2)表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
如:Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class.
他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。
(3)用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉
如:Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary?
请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗?
【注意】
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。
如:Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗?
I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning.
我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。
6.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见
如:Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’
Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir?
汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生?
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等
如:Yon shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。
7.should
(1)shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见
如:I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
(2)表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点
例:(2018·湖南株洲)22. You look so weak! I think you____go to see a doctor at once.
A. might B.should C.could
(3)表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然"
8.need
表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句
如:Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。
【注意】
(1)need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t.
如:—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?
—Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。
(2)have to 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=needn’t)
如:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight.
我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.
我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。
考点三 情态动词词义辨析
1. can和be able to
can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to有现在时,过去时和将来时。
如:Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can.
吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。
We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别
(1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。
如:You had better ask the policeman. He may know. 你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。
(2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。
如:Mr. Li can’t be in. He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.
李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。
3. would, should, could, might等过去式有时不表示过去,而是表示更委婉客气的语气。
如:Would you open the door, please? 请你打开门好吗?
例:(2018·湖北黄石)—It’s too hot. _______ I swim in the lake?
—No, you _______. That’s too dangerous!
A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t
4. must和have to
must和have to的意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have to强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”,must表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”。
如:We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 我们必须去问张红了。
We must wok hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。
5. maybe和may be
may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,用在句中;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps。
6. can’t和mustn’t
表示否定推测是应用can’t, 是“不可能”的意思;mustn’t是“禁止,不允许”的意思,不能用来表推测,而must在肯定句中表推测,意为“一定”。
7. need和dare
need表“需要”,dare表“敢于”,都是“双栖词”。它们既可作情态动词,也可作行为动词。作情态动词时,它们只能用于疑问句,否定句或条件状语从句中;在肯定句中只能作实义动词,后接名词,用动词不定式(主动含义)或动词现在分词的形式(被动含义)。
如:My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理了(被动含义)。
Tom needs to relax.汤姆需要放松(主动含义)。
We needn’t meet him.我们不必见他。
中考英语复习情态动词
考情分析
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目。中考有关情态动词的考点主要是情态动词的类型、特征、基本用法和词义辨析,预计2019年中考对于情态动词表示可能性推测的考查仍将成为命题者热衷的考点。考查题型主要集中在单项选择、完成句子中,有时在完型填空题中也会涉及情态动词的考查。而且试题立意不偏不怪,情景设置逼近真实,设问角度更趋向于细微化和综合化。
备考时考生要从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语意特征,掌握每个情态动词的用法特点和功能,仔细揣摩语境中说话者的情感、态度和语气。
学习目标
1.情态动词的意义;
2.情态动词的基本句型;
3.情态动词的基本用法。
情态动词的类型
1.只作情态动词的有:must, can (could), may (might);
2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;
3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will (would), shall (should);
4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have to, ought to, had better.
考点一 情态动词的特征
1.有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化(have to除外)
如:She can speak English well.
2.不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语
如:I have to look after my mother.
He can’t be here.
3.后接不带to的动词不定式
如:It may rain tomorrow.
4.具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语
如:You mustn’t go alone.
Can I go now?
考点二 常见情态动词的基本用法
1.can/could
(1)表示能力,意为"能,会 "
如: I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
例: (2018·广东省)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
—If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
A考查情态动词。句意:——中国著名的科学家袁隆平现正在进行在海上种植水稻的研究。——如果农民们能在咸水里进行水稻种植,中国的食物保障将会显著提升。can能够,可以;can’t不可能;must必须;mustn’t千万别。本题中,题干语境意为“可以,能够”,故选A。
(2)表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may
如:She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。
(3)用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句
如:The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing.
那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢?
【注意】
(1)can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。
如: —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?
—Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。
(2)can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
如: I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了
I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。
2.may/might
(1)表示允许或许可,意为"可以"
如:May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗?
例: (2018·四川资阳) —______ I have a talk with you now?
—Sorry, I’m quite busy.
A. Will B. Must C. May D. Need
C考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:—现在我可以和你谈一下吗?—对不起,我很忙。will将,会;must必须;may可以,能;need需要。根据句意可知说话者提出请求,故选C。
(2)表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉
如:—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句
如: He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。
例1:(2018四川成都中考)—Wow. another gift! What’s in the box?
—I'm not sure. It_______be a pair of sports shoes.
A. must B. may C. will
B 此题考査情态动词表推测的用法。因为句子前面有一个‘I’m not sure”表示不 确定,所以是可能性的推测,从而选择B。
例2:(2018?河南中考) —Are you going to the cinema tonight?
—I don’t know. I _____ go or I _____ stay at home.
A. will; will B. must; must C. should; should D. might; might
D 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:——你今晚要去电影院吗?——我不知道。我可能去也可能待在家里。will将,会;must必须,一定;should应当;might可能。根据句意知应选D。
【注意】
(1)may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。
如: —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。
(2)用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,may not/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。
如:The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。
It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America.
那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。
例:(2018·海南中考)—Is that Mr. Zhou?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A. may B. can C. can’t
C 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由答语后半句“他去北京了”,可推断不可能是周老师,表示否定推测用can't。故选C。
3.must
(1)表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气
如:You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
例:(2018?贵州黔南)You________ write the report again because spelling mistakes are not allowed at all.
A. may B. can C. must D. could
C【解析】考察情态动词的用法。句意:你必须再写一遍这个报告因为拼写错误是根本不被允许的。not at all,一点都不,may可能;can能够;must必须;could能够(表示委婉语气)。故选C.
(2)mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告
如:You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself.
你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。
例:(2018·湖南湘潭)Did you see the sign “No swimming”? You swim in the river.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to
B 考查情态动词的用法。句意:你看见了“不准游泳”这个标志吗?你不可以在这条河里游泳。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止,不可以;don’t have to不必。故选B。
(3)表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替
如: This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。
例:(2018·山东青岛中考) This book ______ be Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
C【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意:这本书一定是露西的。看,她的名字在上面。can表示推测时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句;may和might表示推测的可能性较小,?might?比?may?语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。由“Her name is on it”可知,把握非常大,这本书“一定”是她的。故选C。
【注意】
must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;
否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
如:—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
例1:(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) — ________ I finish my work now?
— No, you _________. You can do it later.
A. May; needn’t B. Must; don’t have to C. Can, couldn’t
B 考查情态动词的用法。句意:——我必须现在完成工作吗?——不,你不必。你可以稍后再做。must意为“必须”;don’t have to意为“不必”。故选B。
例2: (2018·湖北黄冈) —Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?
—No, you __________. You can finish it in two days.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn't
A考查情态动词使用规则。句意:—布朗先生,我必须今天看完这本书吗?—不,你没有________。你可以在两天之后看完。在英语中must表示“必须”之意的一般疑问句,其否定回答用needn’t意为“没有必要”。故选A。
(2)must和have to的区别:
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
如:We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",
就要用have to的相应形式。
如:You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
4.will
(1)表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意"
如:If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。
(2)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等
如:Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗?
(3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是"
如:Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back.
凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。
5.would
(1)作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意"
如:He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。
(2)表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
如:Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class.
他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。
(3)用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉
如:Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary?
请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗?
【注意】
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。
如:Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗?
I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning.
我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。
6.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见
如:Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’
Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir?
汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生?
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等
如:Yon shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。
7.should
(1)shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见
如:I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
(2)表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点
例:(2018·湖南株洲)22. You look so weak! I think you____go to see a doctor at once.
A. might B.should C.could
B【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你看起来如何虚弱!我认为你____立刻去看医生。might可以,许可;should应该;could可能。根据句意可知,看起来虚弱,应该去看医生。故选B。
(3)表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然"
8.need
表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句
如:Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。
【注意】
(1)need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t.
如:—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?
—Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。
(2)have to 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=needn’t)
如:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight.
我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.
我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。
考点三 情态动词词义辨析
1. can和be able to
can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to有现在时,过去时和将来时。
如:Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can.
吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。
We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别
(1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。
如:You had better ask the policeman. He may know. 你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。
(2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。
如:Mr. Li can’t be in. He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.
李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。
3. would, should, could, might等过去式有时不表示过去,而是表示更委婉客气的语气。
如:Would you open the door, please? 请你打开门好吗?
例:(2018·湖北黄石)—It’s too hot. _______ I swim in the lake?
—No, you _______. That’s too dangerous!
A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t
D 考查情态动词的辨析。should表示“应该,应当”;must表示“必须”;need意为“需要”;mustn’t表示“禁止,不允许”;needn’t意为“不需要”,一般用来回答must引导的疑问句;could表示“能,可以”,语气更委婉;can’t表示“不能”。由句意“——太热了,我能在湖里游泳吗?——不,不能。那太危险了!”可知,第一空用could对方提出请求;第二空表示禁止,故选D。
4. must和have to
must和have to的意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have to强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”,must表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”。
如:We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 我们必须去问张红了。
We must wok hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。
5. maybe和may be
may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,用在句中;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps。
6. can’t和mustn’t
表示否定推测是应用can’t, 是“不可能”的意思;mustn’t是“禁止,不允许”的意思,不能用来表推测,而must在肯定句中表推测,意为“一定”。
7. need和dare
need表“需要”,dare表“敢于”,都是“双栖词”。它们既可作情态动词,也可作行为动词。作情态动词时,它们只能用于疑问句,否定句或条件状语从句中;在肯定句中只能作实义动词,后接名词,用动词不定式(主动含义)或动词现在分词的形式(被动含义)。
如:My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理了(被动含义)。
Tom needs to relax.汤姆需要放松(主动含义)。
We needn’t meet him.我们不必见他。
情态动词专项练习
基本用法
1. (2018上海)A good friend is someone you ________ share your pleasure and pain with.
A. ought B. need C. can D. must
2. (2018天津)—Mum, ________ I play football this afternoon?
—Sure, but you ________ finish your homework first.
A. may; could B. can; must C. can; mustn't D. may; can't
3. (2018重庆A卷)—Must we finish the work today?
—________. We have something else to do tomorrow.
A. Yes, we can B. No, we can't C. Yes, we must D. No, we needn't
4. (2018河南)—You look very pretty, if I ________ say so.
—Thanks a lot for saying that.
A. must B. may C. will D. have to
5. (2018安徽)Please don't make so much noise. I________ hear the speaker very well.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. shouldn't
6. (2018 江西)You ________ take me to the station. My brother's taking me.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. don't have to
7. (2018广东)—Mum, ________ I visit the Modern Art Museum next Monday?
—I'm afraid you can't. All the museums in this city are closed on Monday.
A. would B. need C. should D. may
8. (2018大连)We need clean air and water, so we ________ protect the environment.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
9. (2018沈阳)—What should we do to protect the fish in the river?
—We ________ throw rubbish into the river.
A. need B. needn't C. must D. mustn't
10. (2018苏州)—What does Justin Bieber's song Never Say Never impress you most?
—It tells us that we ________ do almost anything if we never give up.
A. can B. have to C. should D. need
11. (2018无锡)—We've got everything ready for the picnic.
—Do you mean I________ bring anything with me?
A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't
12. (2018淮安)—Excuse me, ________ I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—Sorry, you can't. Just here, please.
A. must B. would C. may D. need
13. (2018泰安)Rock music ________ sound popular with the young, but it's not the favor of the aged people.
A. must B. need C. should D. may
14. (2018威海)—Must I wait here all morning? I have a lot of work to do.
—No, you________. You may be back in the afternoon.
A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to
15. (2018株洲)The passengers ________ show their ID cards before getting on the plane.
A. might B. must C. could
16. (2018临沂)Students ________ enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.
A. mustn't B. can't C. must D. can
17. (2018扬州)—I hear you have a home robot.
—Yes, it's amazing. It ________ do all my housework.
A. must B. should C. could D. can
18. (2018资阳)—Hi, madam. Can I take the story books out?
—No, my boy. They ________ be taken out of the reading-room. It's a rule.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. couldn't D. wouldn't
19. (2018抚顺)—________ I borrow your dictionary?
—Sorry. I've left it at home.
A. Should B. Need C. Must D. Could
20. (2018东营)—Excuse me, sir, visiting hours are over. You ________ leave.
—Pardon me, nurse. I didn't hear the bell.
A. may B. can C. must D. need
21. (2018连云港)—Shall we take a car?
—No, we ________. It's only five minutes' walk.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. couldn't
22. (2018泰州)—Could I smoke here?
—Sorry. I am afraid you ________. Look at the sign “No smoking”!
A. couldn't B. needn't C. can't D. won't
23. (2018齐齐哈尔)—Hi, you ________ walk on the grass.
—Sorry, I ________ do it again.
A. can't, will B. needn't, won't C. mustn't, won't
表推测
1. (2018长沙)—Finally, they came back.
—They ________ be hungry after such a long walk.
A. can't B. must C. needn't
2. (2018武汉)—I still haven't found my pet dog.
—I'm sorry to hear that. You ________ be very sad.
A. can B. should C. must D. will
3. (2018福州)—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs.Li?
—No. It ________ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
4. (2018成都)—Is that man Mr.Zhang?
—It ________ be him. He went to Beijing for a meeting yesterday.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't
5. (2018呼和浩特)—Where are you going this month?
—We________ go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.
A. needn't B. might C. must D. mustn't
6. (2018自贡)—Whose bike is this?
—I am not sure. It ________ be Mary's.
A. shall B. must C. might
7. (2018青岛)The girl in the classroom ________ be Sarah. She has gone to the library.
A. may B. must C. can't D. needn't
8. (2018常德)—Is Tom coming by train?
—He ________ drive his car, I'm not sure.
A. can't B. may C. must
9. (2018岳阳)The sweater________ belong to Jim. It's much too large for him.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't
10. (2018甘肃通用卷)—Excuse me, is this the right way to the Children's Palace?
—Sorry, I'm not sure. But it ________ be.
A. mustn't B. might C. can't D. must
11. (2018泉州)—What's wrong with Judy? She has been absent for two days.
—Oh, she ________ be ill. Let's go to ask Mr. Green.
A. may B. need C. would
12. (2018咸宁)—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year?
—It ________ him. He has retired(退役)since April 13.
A. can't be B. mustn't be C. must be D. can be
答案与解析
基本用法
1.C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:一个好朋友就是和你一起分享你的快乐和悲伤的人。ought应该;need需要;can能,可以;must必须。根据句意可知好朋友就是能一起分享快乐和悲伤的。故选C。
5.C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:请不要发出太多的噪音。我听见演讲者说话了。needn't不必;mustn't不允许,禁止;can't不能;shouldn't不应该。既然噪音太大,那肯定不能够听到演讲者说话了。故选C。
10.A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意“贾斯汀·比伯的歌Never Say Never给你最深的印象是什么?”“它告诉我们如果我们从不放弃,我们几乎做任何事。”can能够,表示个人的能力;have to不得不;should应该;need需要。根据句意,体现主语的能力。故选A。
14.C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意“我必须在这儿等一早上吗?我还有许多工作要做。”“不,你。你可以在下午回来。”mustn't 禁止;can't 不可以;don't have to 不必。以must提问的一般疑问句,其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to。故选C。
19. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我借你的词典吗?”“对不起,我把我的词典落在家里了。”Should应该;Need需要;Must必须;Could可以,可能。根据对话语境可知是想向对方借东西,此处表示委婉的请求应用Could I...?句型,故选D。
20.C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:“对不起,先生。探望时间结束了,您 离开了。”“请原谅,护士。我没有听到铃声。”may可以;can能,可以;must必须;need需要。由前半句“visiting hours are over”可知必须离开。故选C。
表推测
1.B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“他们终于回来了。”“走了如此长一段路,他们饿了。”can't不可能,表否定推测;must必须,一定,表肯定推测;needn't不必要。根据“after such a long walk”可知此处表示肯定推测,故选B。
6.C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“这辆自行车是谁的?”“我不确定。它是玛丽的。”shall用于提出或征求意见,常和第一人称的代词连用;must一定;might也许。由前句“I'm not sure.”可知这里是表可能推测。故选C。
7.C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:教室中的这个女孩是萨拉。她已经去图书馆了。may可能,表示可能推测;must必须,一定,表示肯定猜测;can't不可能,表示基于客观事实的否定推测;needn't不必。根据“She has gone to the library.”可知前半句表否定推断,故选C。
12.A【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“你认为科比今年会被选为最有价值球员吗?”“他。自从4月13日他就已经退役了。”can't不可能;mustn't禁止;must一定;can可能。根据下句中的“He has retired(退役) since April ”可知他不可能再被选了,故选A。
课件49张PPT。中考英语复习
——情态动词情态动词
情态动词具有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独构成谓语,和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气或表示愿望、态度或推测等意义。考点一 情态动
词的类型和特征
情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有:must; can(could);may(might)
(2)只作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need , dare
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will(would); shall(should)
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have to; ought to; had better2.情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。
(2)无人称和数的变化(have to例外:用于第三人称单数时用has to)。
如:We must stay here.我们必须待在这儿。
We have to walk home.我们不得不步行回家。
He has to walk home.他不得不步行回家。(3)后接动词原形,即不带to的不定式。
如:She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。
(4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。
如:—Can you sing an English song?你会唱英语歌吗?
—Yes, I can.是的,我会。考点二 常见情
态动词的用法
1. can的 用法
(1) 常用来表示能力,意为“能,会”。
eg:She can swim fast, but I can’t.
(2)表示请求或许可,意为“可以”。
eg: Can you go shopping with us?(3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句或者疑问句中,此时can’t 意为不可能。
eg: Can the news be true?
That can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the
Great Wall.(4) can’t 可用来作May I ….?的否定回答
eg: ----May I go surfing alone this afternoon?
----No, you can’t . It’s dangerous.5) can和 be able to
两者都是表示“能力”是用法相同,但can只有原形和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外,be able to常常有“成功做了某事”的意味
eg: Jim can’t speak English.
We were able to reach the top of the maintain at noon.2. could 的用法
(1)can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。
eg: He could write poems when he was 10.
(2)could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。
eg: Could you please speak a little louder?
Could I use your pen?
Yes, you can/ No, you can’t .3. may 的用法
(1)may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,比can要正式。
eg:May I ask you a question?
You may go home now.(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能、也许”,一般用于肯定句。
eg:It may rain tomorrow.
She may be at home.
(3)may 的过去式为might,表示推测,可能性低于may。
eg:He is away from home. He might be sick.
(4)may表示祝福
eg:May you be happy!(5)can和may
1) can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用
eg:Can/May I help you?2)may 和can 表示可能性时的区别:
①在肯定句中用may, might, 不用can;
②在疑问句中表示推测用can;
③在否定句句中用can’t(不可能)
eg:She may be in the classroom.
Where can they be now?
That can’t be true.4. must 的用法
⑴must表示“一定要,必须”。否定形式是mustn’t,表示“禁止,不许可”。
eg:You must stay here until I came back.
You mustn’t park your car in front of the entrance.
⑵ 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为 needn’t或者don’t have to。
eg:----Must I finish my homework now?
----No, you needn’t.⑶ must 常常指有根据的,比较有把握的推测,意为
“一定是,准是”,这种用法只能用于肯定句当中。
eg:The light is on. He must be at home now.
当must表示肯定判断、推测的时候,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
eg:She must have finish writing, hasn’t she?⑷ must 和have to
①must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,意为“必须,应该”。
eg:I know I must study hard.
②have to 侧重于客观上的必要,意为“不得不”。它有一 般现在时第三人称单数形式has to 和过去形式had to。
eg:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the
doctor at midnight. ③have to的否定形式是don’t have to, 相当于needn’t, 意为“不必”;mustn’t 表示“禁止,不允许”.(5) can’t 和 mustn’t
表否定推测时应用can’t, mustn’t 意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句中用must表推测,意为“一定”5.need 的用法
⑴ need表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句当中,否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答是must,否定回答为needn’t.
eg:---Need I stay here any longer?
---No, you needn't.⑵need可作实义动词,此时还有人称,数和时态的变化,后面多接动词不定时。
eg:I need to do it right now.
He needs to learn more about the girl.注意: 对need 的词性判断常为难点,need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;need后加doing表示被动意义;若need 后加do的动词原形,则need为情态动词
eg:You needn’t see him, but I must.
You don’t need to come if you feel sick.6. dare 表示 “敢于”, 用作情态动词时,无人称变化,只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句
eg:Mary dare not touch the snake.
用于实义动词时,要注意人称和时态的变化,后面跟不定式
eg:I have never dared to tell him about it. 注意:dare作实义动词时,其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。
eg:He didn’t dare (to) disobey.7. shall, should, will, would的用法
⑴ shall常用于疑问句当中,表示征求对方的意见(多用于第一、三人称),用在第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中
eg:shall we go out for a walk?
Shall he come at once?
一般回答: Yes, please./ All right./ No, thank you.⑵Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
eg: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)⑶should意为“应该”。可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
eg:We should protect the environment.
⑷ will表示主语的决心或意愿;也可表请求或询问,用于第二人称。
eg:I will never do that again.
I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.
Will you pass me the book?⑸will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。
eg: Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing
nothing.(习惯)
Will you help me with my English?(请求)8. had better的用法
had better 意味“最好”,没有人称的变化,后接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为had better not.
eg: We had better go now.
You had better not give the book to him.注意:含有情态动词的疑问句的回答
对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,you may. Yes, of course.
Yes, certainly. Sure .
No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.
2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:
Yes, … must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.3.could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。
e.g.
—Could I use your pen?
---- Yes, you can./No, you can’t.4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称或第三人称中,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.5. would you…的回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.) Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)
All right/ OK/ With pleasure.
Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.
e.g. Would you like to go shopping with me?
Yes, I’d like to./ No, thanks(thank you).
Would you like some water?
Yes, please./No, thanks(thank you)考点三 情态动
词表推测的用法must, can, may, could, might表示推测的用法。
1.表推测的可能性的大小依次是: can't(不可能)→might→ may(可能)→could→can(可能)(can用于疑问句)→must(一定是)。
如:The book can't be Tom's. Look! Lucy's name is on the cover of the book.
这本书不可能是汤姆的。看!露西的名字在书的封面上。He may know the way to the post office.I am not sure.
他可能知道去邮局的路,但我不确定。
I saw a girl with long hair in our classroom. Who can
she be?
我看见教室里有个长头发女孩。她可能是谁?
No one can answer the question. It must be very
difficult.
没有人能回答这个问题。那一定很难。2.“主语+must, can, may, could, might+ be doing”指对现在正在做的事情进行猜测。
如:They can't be cleaning the room now.
他们现在不可能在打扫房间。
He must be sleeping.
他现在肯定在睡觉。3.主语+must, can, may, could, might+ have+ done则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。
如:The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的。昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
There isn't any water on the road. It can't/couldn't
have rained last night.
地面上一点儿水都没有,昨天不可能下雨了。练一练AC1.— Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?
--No, you___. You can finish it in two days.
A needn't B. mustn't C can’t (2018·黄冈改编)
2. This book ___be Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A can B. may C must (2018 青岛改编) 3. ---Are you going to the cinema tonight?
----I don’t know. I __ go or I___ stay at home
A will; will B must: must C might; might (2018·河南改编)
4.---Didn't you see the zebra crossing? You___slow down.
----Sorry, sir. Am I going to fail the test?
A can't B can C must (2018·无锡改编)CCCC5.---The woman over there Looks like our English teacher .It ___be her. She's having a meeting in Beijing .
A may not B. mustn't C can’t (2018·呼和浩特改编)
6.The lyrics of the song You raise Me Up are so beautiful that I‘m sure whoever listens to it ___in love with it.
A need B can’t C must (2018·太原二模) 7. The new movie Forever Young was first shown on January 12 .It ___be the worth watching. The tickets sell out every day.
A can B. might C must (2018·百校联考一)
8. We ___ be honest when we get along with others, which will be of great value to us as time goes by.
A can B might C should (2018·省适应性考试)
CC9.Do you know the boy who helped the disabled man?
He ___ be a student in our school. He wears a different
school uniform from us.
A might B can’t C must (2018·省农大附中模拟)B谢谢21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料?一线教师?一线教研员?
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