2019春广东省中考英语二轮复习专题：第Ⅰ章 专题十 被动语态（PDF版）

专题十　被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和
谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被
动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行
者时，谓语的形式用主动语态； 当句子的
主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被
动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be＋过去
分词”。
中考考点解读
广东省卷近 5 年中考统计情况
(★单项填空 ●完形填空 ◆短文填空)
一般
现在
时
2014
2015 ★
2016
2017
2018
一般
过去
时
2014
2015
2016 ★
2017 ★
2018 ★◆
一般
将来
时
2014 ★
2015
2016
2017
2018
含有
情态
动词
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
考点分析：
从近 5 年的考查情况来看，被动语
态是单项填空的必考点，每年均考查 1
题。2019 年备考时要熟练掌握考纲要求
的 4 种被动语态的构成和用法。
(1) 被动语态的用法：
①当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于
某种原因不必提到动作的执行者时，要用
被动语态，但在译文里，有时要用主动语
态才符合汉语的习惯。例如：
Football is played all over the world.
世界各地都在踢足球。
②当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作
的执行者时，要用被动语态。例如：
The Great Wall was built long ago.
长城是很久以前建成的。
English is spoken as the first language by
most people in the USA.
美国大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。
(2) 由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
①主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句
子的主语。
②主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓
语形式，即“be＋过去分词”。要注意使助
动词 be 既保持主动句的时态，又要与被动
句的主语在人称和数的方面取得一致。
③主动语态句子里的主语变为介词 by 的
宾语，再把整个介词短语放在谓语动词之
后，有时这个短语可以省略。
例如：
时态 结构 例子
一般
现在
时
am/is/
are＋
done
The desks are made in
China. (肯定)
The desks aren’t made in
China. (否定句，在
am/is/are 后加 not)
Are the desks made in
China? (一般疑问句，把
am/is/are 提至句首)
考点① 初中阶段需掌握的几种被动语态
时态 结构 例子
一般
过去
时
was/
were
＋
done
The building was built ten
years ago. (肯定)
The building wasn’t built
ten years ago. (否定句，在
was/were 后加 not)
Was the building built ten
years ago? (一般疑问句，把
was/were 提至句首)
时态 结构 例子
一般
将来
时
will＋
be＋
done
A new school library will be
built next year. (肯定)
A new school library won’t
be built next year.
(否定句，在 will 后加 not)
Will a new school library be
built next year? (一般疑问
句，把 will 提至句首)
时态 结构 例子
一般
将来
时
am/is/
are
going
to＋
be＋
done
A new school library is going
to be built next year. (肯定)
A new school library isn’t
going to be built next year.
(否定句，在 am/is/are 后加
not)
Is a new school library going
to be built next year?
(一般疑问句，把 am/is/are
提至句首)
时态 结构 例子
含有
情态
动词
情态
动词
＋be
＋
done
Students should be allowed
to get ears pierced. (肯定)
Students shouldn’t be
allowed to get ears pierced.
(否定句，在情态动词后加
not)
Should students be allowed
to get ears pierced?
(一般疑问句，把情态动词
提至句首)
1. 含有“使役”动词的被动语态
常用的“使役”动词有 make, see,
watch, notice, hear 等。
含有“使役”动词的句子在表达主动
意义时常用的结构是 make(see, hear,
watch, notice) sb. do sth.，动词 do 前面
没有 to，但在被动语态中要把 to 补上，
即 sb. be made(seen, heard, watched,
noticed) to do sth.。
考点② 注意事项
He made me do the work.
他让我做这项工作。
(主动，do 前没有 to)
→I was made to do the work.
我被派去做这项工作。
(被动，do 前补上 to)
类似：
Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last
night.
→Lucy was seen to water the flowers
last night.
They heard him sing songs in the room
last night.
→He was heard to sing songs in the
room last night.
注：究竟有没有 to, 其实有个窍门：“使
役”动词前有 be，则有 to；没 be，则没
to。
2. 双宾句的被动语态
My mother gives Lily a pen．
间接宾语 直接宾语
→Lily is given a pen by my mother.
→A pen is given to Lily by my mother.
3. 感官动词(look, smell, taste, feel, sound
等)用主动结构表示被动。如：
The flower smells nice.
The cake tastes delicious.
The watch looks beautiful.
4. 不及物动词(happen, take place, break
out, cost 等)没有被动语态。如：
Great changes were taken place in China.
(×)
→Great changes took place in China.(√)
( )1. (2018 广东) Many shops in China
_______ to shut down as a new law against
ivory( 象 牙 ) trade came into effect on
January lst, 2018.
A. ordered B. didn’t order
C. were ordered D. weren’t ordered
C
中考真题面对面
( )2. (2017 广东) The waiter told me that
free parking ______ for the hotel guests.
A. provides B. provided
C. will be provided D. was provided
D
( )3. (2016 广东) He Jiang _____ to give
a speech at the graduation ceremony at
Harvard University last month.
A. invites B. invited
C. is invited D. was invited
D
( )4. (2015 广东 ) —Have you heard of
the song Little Apple?
—Yes. It ______ every morning when aged
people do square dancing downstairs.
A. is played B. plays
C. was played D. played
A
( )5. (2014 广 东 ) Although Flight
MH370 has been missing for months, I do
believe it ______ some day in the future.
A. will find B. won’t find
C. will be found D. won’t be found
C
( )6. (2013 广东 ) It ______ last week
that the haze( 雾 霾 ) in Beijing caused
many problems.
A. reports B. reported
C. is reported D. was reported
D
( )7. (2012 广东 ) Hot water ______ in
the students’ flats from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
now.
A. supplies B. is supplied
C. supplied D. was supplied
B
( )8. (2011 广东) People who drink wine
______ to drive after May Day.
A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed
C. mustn’t allow D. mustn’t be allowed
D
( )9. (2010 广东) The 16th Asian Games
_______ in Guangzhou in November, 2010.
A. holds B. will hold
C. was holding D. will be held
D
( )10. (2009 广 东 ) The new library
building _______ last week.
A. was completed B. is completed
C. completed D. has completed
A
( )1. —______ free breakfasts ______ in
all schools in China?
—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.
A. Were; served B. Are; served
C. Have; served D. Will; be served
B
对点专练
( )2. From this year on, pedestrians(行
人) _____ 20 yuan if they run the red lights
according to the latest traffic authorities.
A. were fined B. will fine
C. are fine D. will be fined
D
( )3. —Food safety is very important.
— So some rules ______ to stop people
from polluting food.
A. were make B. must be made
C. be made D. made
B
( )4. —Oh, my god! I can’t find the key
to my office.
—Don’t worry. Perhaps it ______ at your
home.
A. has left B. was left
C. will be left D. left
B
( )5. Cleverness is a gift while kindness
is a choice. Gifts are easy because they
______ after all. Choices can be hard.
A. given B. were given
C. are given D. will be given
C
真题演练
1－5 BDCCD 　 6－10 BCCCA
11－15 BABBC 16－20 DDBDD
模拟演练
1－5 BCBAB 6－10 ADDDB
11－15 ACABD 16－20 BDCCA
21－25 CDABC