8B Unit1 Past and present 学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Past and present
A组
词汇运用
It’s said that people will travel to both Jiangyin and Wuxi by ______________ (地铁) in two years.
We know nothing of this artist’s ______________ (过去). Would you like to tell us something about him?
I’m sorry my grandpa is out at ______________ (现在).
I ______________ (刚才) saw Mr. Li a moment ago. He was chatting with another teacher.
There’re different forms of transport at different ______________ (time).
There were many old ______________ (coach) here ten days ago.
The traffic is much ______________ (bad) after five o’clock.
动词填空
Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday. She ______________ (study) for an English exam.
– Tim, you spend too much time on computers. It’s bad for eyes. – I see. Thanks. I ______________ (do) more sports instead.
Jim ______________ just ______________ (eat) my food. I’m hungry now.
– I’ve bought a new Huawei Mate 20. – When and where ______________ you ______________(buy) it.
In the past, everyone here ______________ (ride) a bike to work.
There ______________ (be) always too much traffic on the road at weekends.
– Where’s your dad? – He, together with grandpa, ______________ (watch) the story of China in the sitting room.
完成句子
网上购物确实方便又快捷。
Shopping online _________________________________________________.
Tom过去常常和他的弟弟分享一切。
Tom _______________________________________________________ his brother.
她过去常常乘坐公交上班，但现在改乘地铁了。
She ___________________________________ work, but now she takes the underground instead.
回我们家的火车刚刚走开，恐怕我们要花很长的时间等下一班。
The train to our hometown has just left. I’m afraid it ______________________________________.
让我们乘出租车环游下这个城市，如何？
What about ____________________________________________________________?
那时等公交车要花很长时间。
________________________________________________________________ a bus at that time.
一小时前玛丽乘地铁上学去了。
Mary went to school ____________________________________________________________________.
最终我表姐选择了步行去那儿而不是打车去。
Finally my cousin _______________________________________________________________________.
艾迪以前常和他的朋友分享美食。
Eddie ______________________________________________________________ with his friends.
我弟弟刚刚把我的东西吃掉了。
My brother ______________________________________________________________ my food.
答案
词汇：underground past present just times coaches worse
动词：was studying will do has eaten did;buy rode is is watching
句子：
is really easy and quick
used to usually share everything with
used to usually take a bus to
will take us a long time to wait for the next
travelling around this city by taxi, shall we?
It took a lot of time to wait for
by underground an hour ago
chose to walk there instead of taking a taxi
used to share nice food
has just eaten
B组
单词拼写
My food isn’t here any more. Have you ________（看见）it anywhere? (Welcome)
His sister has been ________（结婚）for ten years. (Reading I)
The radio says it will be windy in most of the ________（北部的）part of the city.
A large number of ________（工厂）have been built in Wuxi in recent years.
The little boy felt a little ________（孤独的）when his parents were away.
Mr Wang’s ________（妻子）is a doctor in Children’s Hospital.
He said he would help us with the new machine. ________（然而）, he hasn’t shown up till now.
After reading the letter, he ________（意识到）that he was wrong. (Reading II)
The ________（采访）lasted about four hours and made all the people tired.
I think some of the ________（废料）can be reused.
Mr Chen has lived here ________（自从）three years ago.
单词：seen married northern factories
lonely wife However
8. realized interview waste since
单项选择
（ ）1. I go to school ________ every day. It’s not very far from my home.（welcome）
in a bus B. in underground C. by a bike D. on foot
（ ）2. --The town of Dangkou ________ a lot. It used to be a quiet small town.
--That’s true. It’s becoming more and more beautiful.
has changed B. changed C. had changed D. is changing
（ ）3. --Have you called Helen back?
--I don’t need to ________ I’ll see her tomorrow.
before B. because C. when D. while
（ ）4. The building ________ be a factory, but now it ________ a Children’s Play Garden.
is used to; used to be
used to; is used as
used to; used to be
is used to; is used as
（ ）5. In the ________ few years, we have planted lots of trees in our school.
passed B. pass C. past D. passes
（ ）6. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ five minutes ago.
will leave B. has left C. left D. leaves
（ ）7. It ________ hard ________ he got to the cinema yesterday evening.
rained; while B. is raining; when C. was raining; while D. was raining; when
（ ）8. It ________ me two hours ________my maths homework.
took; to finish B. cost; to finish C. paid; for finishing D. spent; finishing
（ ）9. My father used to play ________ violin, but now he is interested in playing ________ chess with me.
/; a B. the;/ C. the; the D. a; a (Reading I)
（ ）10. I don’t think the film is wonderful. ________, its ending is OK.
In fact B. And C. Anyway D.For example
（ ）11. --Where are the flowers?
--You see, someone ________ them to the window.
moves B. had moved C. would move D. has moved
（ ）12. --Excuse me, does Mr. Smith’s son live here?
--He ________ be here. But now he ________ in the city.
used to; is used to live
was used to; is used to living
used to; is used to living
is used to; used to live
（ ）13. The Greens arrived in Beijing three months ________.
ago B. before C. late D. after
（ ）14. My family and I have lived here ________ I was born in 2005.
when B. before C. after D. since
（ ）15. We should call on people to use ________ cars in order to have ________ air pollution.
fewer; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. less; less
答案：1--8：DABBC CDA
-15：BCDCA DA
C组（强化）时态演练
动词填空
--What ________ you ________(do) last night?
--Sorry, I ________(forget).
Jack ________(do) his homework when his kitchen ________(catch) fire last Wednesday.
________(not be) you in Shanghai two days ago?
Lucy is busy ________(get) all the things.
--Where is Kate?
--She ________(fly) to England for Christmas Day.
Her younger brother ________(join) the Helping Hands Club in 2003.
Now my mother ________(work) on a plan while my father ________(write) a poem.
What a fantastic time we ________(have) at this moment!
I ________(buy) some key rings for you. I’m sure you ________(love) them.
They ________(be) back later in the afternoon, won’t they?
答案：
did; do; have forgotten 2. was doing; caught 3. Weren’t 4. getting
5. has flown 6. joined 7. is working; is writing 8. are having
9. bought; will love 10. will be
知识梳理
1. 辨析just和just now的区别(P 6 )
词条
含义与用法
示例
just
副词，意为“刚才”，常与完成时连用
Eg. I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成家庭作业。
Just now
“刚才，不久以前”，和一般过去时连用
Eg. He was here just now.
他刚才在这里。
2. married adj.已婚的，结婚的(P 8 )
Eg. They have been married for ten years. 他们已经结婚十年了。
【考点】married常与be，get等动词搭配，表示“和某人结婚”常用“be/get married to sb.”。注意，不用介词with。
get married to sb.
意为“和某人结婚”，强调动作，不可以与一段时间连用
Jim got married to Ella last month.
上个月吉姆和艾拉结婚了
be married to sb.
意为“和某人结婚”，表示状态，可以和一段时间连用
Tom has been married to Ella for two months. 汤姆和艾拉已经结婚两年了
【拓展】
marry sb意为“嫁给某人，与…结婚”
例：John married Mary last week.上星期约翰与玛丽结婚了。
be married to sb意为“与某人结婚”
例：Rose get?married to a teacher .罗斯和一位老师结婚了。
3.Wife n.妻子(P8)
Eg. Does your wife work in a hospital? 你妻子在医院工作吗？
【考点】wife属于以f（e）结尾的词，此类词的复数形式是变f(e)为v，再加es，即wives。
【拓展】同类词总结：
Knife wolf shelf thief leaf
4.辨析a bit 和 a little 的区别。(P9)
A bit
A little
相同点
A bit 和a little都可以用来修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，也可修饰动词。
Eg. I felt a bit/little tired after a long walk.
走了很长一段路后，我感到有点累。
不同点
①修饰不可数名词时用a bit of。
Eg. a bit of water 一点儿水
②Eg. I’m not a bit angry.
我一点儿也不生气。
①可直接修饰不可数名词。
Eg. Let’s have a little milk.咱们喝点牛奶。
②Not a little 意为“十分，很”，相当于very。
Eg. I’m not a little angry.
我非常生气。
5. too many（P 7）
too many 意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。
例如：There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。
The boy has too many questions to ask. 那个男孩有太多的问题要问。
词语
词形
特点
too much
形容词短语
后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语
too many
形容词短语
后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语
much too
副词短语
后跟形容词或副词
【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析：
例如：
Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。
They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。
It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。
6. since（P 8）
since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
【拓展1】
since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
【拓展2】构成短语ever since 自从；since then 从那时起
7.【拓展】方位词归纳(P 8 )
west n. 西，西方 ----- western adj. 西方的，西部的
south n. 南，南方 -----southern adj. 南方的，南部的
east n. 东，东方 -----eastern adj. 东方的，东部的
north n. 北，北方 -----northern adj. 北方的，北部的
8.turn…into… 把……变成(P8)
Eg. She turned her old jeans into a miniskirt. 她把她的旧牛仔裤改成了超短裙。
【归纳】与turn有关的短语：
turn off 关掉（电灯，收音机等）
turn on 开，旋开（电灯，电视，收音机等）
turn up （把音量）调高
turn down （把音量）调低
in turn 依次，轮流
turn right/left 右转/左转
9. lonely （P 9）
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。
When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
词条
含义和用法
示例
lonely
形容词，意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独，寂寞，有较浓的感彩。在句中作表语或定语；作定语是，意为“荒凉的，偏僻的”，多修饰表示地点的词。
He has no close friends. He always feels lonely. 他没有亲密的朋友，他总是感到孤独。
The old man lived in a lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在一个偏僻的山村里。
alone
作形容词时，意为“单独的”，更强调一种客观情况。一般只作表语，不做定语。作副词时，意为“单独，独自”。
I like being alone in the house. 我喜欢独自一人呆在家里。
His house stands alone on a hill. 他的家孤立在一座山丘上。
10. take place（P 10）
take place意为“发生”。例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
【拓展】
（1）take place与happen的辨析：
1）take place一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。
例如：When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？
2）happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如：
What happened to you? 你发生了什么事？(一般不说：What did you happen?)
Do you know what will happen in one hundred years? 你知道100年后会发生什么吗？
注意：happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。
（2）take place还可意为“举行”，相当于hold，但hold有被动语态。
The football game will take place tomorrow. 足球比赛明天举行。
The school sports meeting took place last week. 学校上周举行了运动会。
11.interview n.采访，会见(P11)
Eg. I have an important interview this afternoon. 今天下午，我有一个重要的采访。
【考点】interview还可作动词，意为“采访，会见”。
Eg. We will interview a famous surgeon tomorrow. = We will have an interview with a famous surgeon tomorrow. 明天我们将采访一位著名的外科医生。
【拓展】have an interview with sb. = interview sb.
12.yet（P 14）
(1) yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如：
We haven’t heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。
I’m not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。
(2) 作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如：
Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？
(3) 作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如：He’s yet a child. 他还是个孩子。
(4) 作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如：
You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why?
你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？
He trained hard all year, yet he didn’t win a prize in the competition.
他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。
【拓展】yet和already的辨析：
yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如：Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗？
He hasn’t done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。
already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如：
The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。
句式精讲
1. I used to go to school by bike.(P 7)
used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。
一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？
there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
【拓展】
be used to do something “被用来做某事”
是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。
Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。
(2) be used to doing something “习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式
My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
2. Yes, I’d like to.(P 14)
would like意为“想要”，语气非常委婉。具体用法如下：
(1) would like后接名词或代词，表示“要”某样东西。例如：
I would like a cup of coffee. 我要一杯咖啡。
My mother would like an apple. 我的妈妈想要一个苹果。
(2) would you like后接动词不定式（to do形式），表示意愿、喜爱，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如：
Would you like to help me？ 你愿意帮助我吗？
Would you like to drink some tea? 你要喝茶吗？
(3) would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。 例如：
I’d like you to meet them. 我想要你见他们。
【注意】
它的肯定回答多用Yes, please./Yes, I’d (We’d) like (love) to./Certainly./Yes, thank you.等；I’d love /like to.的to不能省略。否定回答常用No, thanks./No, thank you.等。
例如：
— Would you like some coffee? 你要点儿咖啡吗？—No, thanks.不要了，谢谢。
— Would you love to go to the movies with me? 你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？— Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我很愿意。
3. I hope I can visit it again.(P16)
本句是hope 后加了一个宾语从句，省略了连接词that。hope有如下用法：
(1) 从说话语气上讲，hope 用于表示可能实现的事情，后接从句时，用陈述语气。例如：
I hope I shall see him again. 我希望再见他一次。
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。
(2)从含义上讲，hope 多用于指对好事的盼望、预想;对坏事的预想则多用“I’m afraid...”。 例如：
I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。
I’m afraid it will rain again. 恐怕还要下雨。
(3) 从时间上看，hope 所希望的一般指将来或现在的事情，不用于指过去的事情。 例如：
I hope he will come. 我希望他会来。
(4) 从句型上看，hope 可用hope to do sth.句型，而不能用hope sb. to do sth.句型。例如：
I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
(5) 要表示“希望如此”时，常用“I hope so.”其否定形式用“I hope not.”。hope后面还可以接that 从句，意为“希望……”。 例如：
She hopes that I will pass the exam. 她希望我能通过考试。
4. The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun.(P17)
句中动词不定式短语to have fun作定语，修饰place。动词不定式短语作后置定语，可修饰名词、复合不定代词等。例如：
Simon is always the first student to get to school. Simon总是第一个到校的学生。
We must find a person to do the work. 我们必须找个人做这项工作。
I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。
5. I spend more time on my homework than before.(P17)
spend是动词，意为“花费（时间或金钱）”。其过去式为spent。用法如下：
时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事
spend +
时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间或金钱在某物上
例如：
I spend two hours reading every day. 我每天花两个小时阅读。
He spends 20 yuan on books every month. 他每月花20元买书。
拓展：
表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：
词语
主语
结构
spend
人(sb.)
sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take
it作形式主语
It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay
人(sb.)
sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost
sth.(物)
sth. costs sb. + 金钱
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
现在完成时
【用法讲解】
一、现在完成时的定义
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。
二、现在完成时的构成
1. 肯定句
现在完成时的肯定句式是“主语＋have（has）＋过去分词”。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
2. 否定句：
现在完成时的否定句式是“主语＋have（has）＋not＋过去分词”。
3. 疑问句：
现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。
“助动词have（has）+主语+过去分词”。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t).
三、 动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化
(一) 规则变化
变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。
　　1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look — looked，finish — finished
　2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move — moved , love — loved　　3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry — carried , study — studied　　4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop — stopped ,chat — chatted
(二)不规则变化
不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理(P122-P123).
四、现在完成时的用法
现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。例如：
　　We are good friends. (现在的情况）我们是好朋友。
　　I knew him in 1997. (过去的动作) 我1997年认识了他。
　　We have known each other since 1997. 我们自从1997年相互认识。
（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）
(1) 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet、before 等副词修饰。例如：
　　— Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？
— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，吃过了。我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
already往往用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here.
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.（还没）----否定句
Have you written to your parents yet? （已经）----疑问句
(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since，so far等表示一段时间的状语。例如：
He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
①for+一段时间
②since+（表示过去某一时间的）时间点
a.单词 I have been here since 2000.
b.词组（时间段+ago） I have been here since 5 years ago.
c.从句（一般过去时） I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
(3) 表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。例如：　
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
Have you ever been to China?
五、现在完成时常用的时间状语
before, by now ，so far, once, twice…, just, recently, yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all one’s life , in /during the past /last 5 years，for+时间段，since+时间点 例如：
　 We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。
　　　　They haven’t finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。
　　 — Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？
　　　 — I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days.
近几天他去过那里三次了。
He has bought an English dictionary.
他已经买了一本英语字典。（现在还有）
He bought an English dictionary.
过去他买了一本英语字典。（不知道现在还有没有。）