中考英语复习动词分类及动词辨析学案
考情分析
动词是英语语法中很重要的一个内容，它的内容比较广，在历年中考中所占比重也比较大。从近几年的命题趋势来看，动词及动词短语易混辨析考察的越来越多。考察题型主要包括：单项选择，完型填空等，预计2019年中考还是以此为主。
学习目标
1.能够对动词进行分类判断
2.理解各类动词的意义和用法
3.掌握重点动词及动词短语的辨析
考点一 动词的分类及基本形式
动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。
一、动词的分类
1.实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。
(1)及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：
①动词＋宾语。
如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。
②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。
注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。
如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。
注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。
(2)不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。
如：Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。
I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。
有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)
We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)
2．系动词的用法
系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
如：The food tastes delicious. 那食物尝起来好吃。
常考系动词的分类
类别
功能
例词
表示状态
表示主语所处的状态。
am，is，are，was，were
表示持续
表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。
keep，remain，stay，stand，lie
表示感官
表示人体感官的系动词。
look，feel，smell，taste，sound
表示状态
变化
表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。
become，get，go，grow，turn
注意：①一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。
②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。
如：It's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。
例：(2018福建A卷) 22. —Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
—Yes, the folk songs _______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
3．助动词的用法
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
分类
作用
be
am/is/are＋现在分词→现在进行时
was/were＋现在分词→过去进行时
be＋过去分词→被动语态
do
形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气
have
have/has＋过去分词→现在完成时
had＋过去分词→过去完成时
have＋been＋现在分词→现在完成进行时
will/shall
will/shall＋动词原形→一般将来时
would/should＋动词原形→过去将来时
【注意】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。
4.情态动词的用法
（详见情态动词学案）
二、动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
规则动词的三种变化规律
动词的
结构
第三人
称单数
过去式/分词
现在分词
一般情况
v.＋s
(works， reads)
v.＋ed
(stayed)
v.＋ing
(doing)
以不发音的e结尾动词
v.＋s
(comes)
v.＋d
(moved)
去e，再＋ing
(moving)
一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节
v.＋s
(plans，stops)
双写辅音字
母，再加ed
(planned)
双写辅音字母，再＋ing
(stopping)
特殊情况
以x、s、z、
ch、sh、o
结尾动词，
v．＋es(goes)
以辅音字母＋y
结尾的动词，改
y为i，再＋ed
(studied)
以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y,再＋ing(lying)
考点二 动词短语的类别和用法
类别
用法
常见的动词短语
动词十介词
这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。
look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to
动词十副词
及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。
cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back
动词十副词+介词
这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。
catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with
动词十名词十介词
它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。
make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part in
be十形容词十介词
be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about
动词十反身代词（+介词）
这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语
devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself
例1：(2018·湖北荆州) 27.—We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?
—You'd better_______ signs around the school to tell all the students about that.
A. make up B. put up C. set up D. show up
例2：(2018·湖北黄冈) —I?find?it?difficult?to?learn?English?well.?I?want?to?drop?it. ?—English?is?very?important?in?our?daily?life.?Never _____. ?A.?give?up?it?? B. give it up?? C.?give?away?it?? D.?give?it?away
例3：（2018·湖北随州）As we ______ on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A. take out B. set out C. cut out D .blow out
例4：(2018·山西)29. Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really ______ our amazing China.
A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in
例5：(2018·山东东营) The 119 passengers are ________ Liu Chuanjian. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on B. thankful to C. friendly to D. responsible for
考点三 动词短语辨析
常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。
1．同一动词的不同搭配：
(1)look短语
look after照料；照顾 look at看
look for寻找；寻求 look forward to盼望；期待
look out当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览
look up to钦佩；仰慕
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
例：(2018·湖南益阳)28. Grandmother lives with my parents. They ______ her every day.
A. look at B. look after C. look for
(2)cut短语
cut down砍倒；减少 cut off切除
cut out删除；删去 cut up切碎
例1：（2018. 贵州安顺）I think young phubbers（低头族）are supposed to the time they spend their smart phones．
A. cut off；in B. cut down；on C. cut up；on D. cut in；in
例2： (2018·江苏连云港)—I’m sorry to _____ on you, but there are one or two things I don’t understand.
—It doesn’t matter.
A. cut down B. cut out C. cut in D. cut off
(3)run短语
run after追逐；追赶 run away跑开
run out (of)用尽；耗尽
(4)turn短语
turn down调低；拒绝 turn up调高
turn... into变成 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
turn off关掉 turn left/right向左/右转
例： (2018·江苏宿迁) —How is our government going to deal with the office building?
— It will be __________ a library.
A. turned off B. turned on C. turned out D. turned into
(5)take短语
take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of照顾；处理
take down拆除；记录 take in吸入；吞入(体内)
take off脱掉；起飞 take place发生；出现
take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据
例：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Many wild animals are in great danger.
—Let’s to save them.
A. take off B. take down C. take action D. take after
(6)get短语
get dressed穿上衣服 get into陷入；参与
get lost迷路 get off下车
get on 上车 get on with和睦相处；关系良好
get up起床；站起
例：(2018·湖北武汉中考) I took the subway and at the downtown station.
A. got through B. got over C. got on D. got off
(7)use短语
be/get used to习惯于 be used to do被用来做……
used to曾经……；过去……
例： (2018·四川宜宾中考)My sister _______ be lazy. But now she’s working really hard.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to
(8)give短语
give away赠送；捐赠 give out分发；散发
give up放弃 give in屈服
give?off发出, 放出(气味)??
例1：(2018·四川南充)—Do you think it is popular to red envelops(红包) on Wechat during festivals?
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C. give back D. give up
例2：(2018?湖北十堰)32. —A great person once said, “if you can follow your heart and never ______, your dream will come true.”
—I think so. I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard.
A. give away B. give back C. give out D. give up
(9)call短语
call in召来；叫来 call up打电话给(某人)；征召
call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话
(10)come短语
come true实现；成为现实 come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come about发生, 产生, 实现
come along来吧, 一起来（偶然地）发生, 来到进展; 进步
come on加把劲; （新的季节或天气）到来; 得了吧; 算了吧
come out出来; 出现; 书或光盘出版, 发行; 照片冲洗; 事实暴露, 披露
例：(2018·湖北荆州) 28.—Summer vacation is coming! I am thinking about visiting some places of interest.
—Why not _______Jingzhou and have a look at the ancient city wall?
A. come out B. come along C. come up with D. come over to
(11)bring短语
bring back恢复；使想起；归还 bring out使显现；使表现出
(12)fall短语
fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
fall in love爱上；喜欢上 fall over绊倒
(13)go短语
go along (the street)沿着(这条街)走 go off(闹钟)发出响声
go out外出(娱乐)
(14)make短语
make sure确保；查明 make up编造(故事、谎言等)
(15)put短语
put on增加(体重)；发胖；穿上 put off推迟
put up搭起；举起；张贴 put away收拾(整理)好
put down记下; 平息 put out扑灭; 出版
例1： (2018·湖北襄阳)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?
—I’m afraid not. You can’t _______today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
例2：(2018山东潍坊)The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be________ on the website.
A. put away B. put off C. put up D. put on
(16)set短语
set out出发；启程 set up建起；建立
（17）be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好； be different from与……不同；
be afraid of害怕； be popular with受……欢迎；
be interested in对……感兴趣； be strict with sb.对某人严格；
be strict in sth.对某事严格； be famous/known as作为……出名；
be surprised at对……惊讶； be pleased with对……满意；
be proud of对……感到自豪； be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；
be good for对……有好处； be good at擅长于……；
be made up of由……构成； be angry with对某人生气；
be busy with忙于； be full of/filled with装满……；
be late for迟到
例：(2018·山东东营) The 119 passengers are ________ Liu Chuanjian. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on B. thankful to C. friendly to D. responsible for
2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配：
(1)up短语
call up打电话给(某人)；征召 cheer up (使)变得高兴；振奋起来
clean up打扫(或清除)干净 cut up切碎
dress up装扮；乔装打扮 end up最终成为；最后处于
fix up修理；装饰 give up放弃
grow up长大；成熟 hurry up赶快；急忙
look up查找；抬头看 make up编造(故事、谎言等)
pick up捡起；接电话 put up搭起；举起
set up建起；建立 show up赶到；露面
stay up熬夜 wake up醒；叫醒
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据
例1：(2018·湖北荆州) 27.—We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?
—You'd better_______ signs around the school to tell all the students about that.
A. make up B. put up C. set up D. show up
例2： (2018? 湖北咸宁) —Mary, how can I get to Xianning from Wuhan next week?
— You’d better take a train. ________ the suitable trains in the timetable.
A. Set up B. Look up C. Take up D. Put up
(2)out短语
blow out吹灭 bring out使显现；使表现出
check out检验；办理退房手续 clear out清理；丢掉
find out查明；弄清 give out分发；散发
go out外出(娱乐) hand out分发
run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 sell out卖光
set out出发；启程 work out成功地发展；解决
hang out闲逛；常去某处 lay out摆开；布置
leave out不包括；不提及；忽略
例1：（2018·湖北随州）As we ______ on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A. take out B. set out C. cut out D .blow out
例2： (2018·山东滨州)People now in many big cities have to __________ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A. set out B. put out C. take out D. give out
(3)down短语
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 let... down使失望
lie down躺下 pull... down拆下；摧毁
write down写下；记录下
(4)with短语
agree with同意；赞成 compare... with比较；对比
deal with应付；处理 part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)
connect... with...把……和……连接或联系起来
3．完全不同的动词词组：
ask for请求；恳求(给予) care for照顾；非常喜欢
believe in信任；信赖 care about关心；在意
clean... off把……擦掉 depend on依靠；信赖
divide... into把……分开 separate from分开；分离
throw away扔掉；抛弃 drop by顺便访问；随便进入
stick to坚持；固守 pay attention to注意；关注
pass by路过；经过 pay for付费；付出代价
prepare for为……做准备 pull together齐心协力；通力合作
shut off关闭；停止运转 take sb.'s place代替；替换
think of认为 hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等
考点四 中考常考动词及动词短语精讲
help
help sb.with sth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人（做）某事。
with the help of 在……帮助下
help oneself(to)自用（食物等）
help sb.into/ out of 搀扶某人进入/走出
help sb.out 帮助某人克服困难，度过难关、解决问题、完成工作
be of some/no/much help to sb.对某人有些/没有/很有帮助
help to do sth.有助于做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
如：Can you help me to learn English?= Can you help me with my English?
Help yourself to the fish.
He helped the patient out of the hospital.
When I’m in trouble,he always helps me out with money.
With the help of her,he found his lost child.
This program helps to improve our English.
keep
(1)keep + adj.保持某种状态
如：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
(2)keep + sth./sb.+ adj.使……保持……
如：We must keep our classroom clean.
(3)keep (on) doing 一直做某事
如：Don’t keep (on) asking foolish questions.
(4)keep sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/事一直进行
如：They’ve put in time and effort to keep the strike going.
(5)keep…from doing…阻止……做某事
如：You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons.
例：(2018·四川内江中考)Mr. Black, you are becoming healthier and healthier. Please keep on .
A. ran B. to run C. runs D. running
make
(1)make sb.do sth.及被动形式be made to do sth.。
如：Though he had often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his little sister.
(2)make it + adj.+ to do sth.意为“使做某事……”。在此结构中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式。
如：The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon.
(3)be made of…某物由某材料制造（从制成品中可以看出原材料）。
be made from…某物由某材料制造(从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料)。
be made in…某物由某地制造。
be made by…某物由某个人或集体制造，by用来强调动作的执行者。
be made into…某种原料制成某物，与be made of…和be made from…的意思正好相反。
be made up of…某物由某成分组成或构成。
如：The bookshelf is made of wood.（看得出）
Paper is made from wood and bamboo.（看不出）
The computer is made in Japan.
The TV set is made by the workers in the factory.
Glass can be made into bottles.
The class is made up of fifty-six students.
marry
marry vt.& vi.意为“结婚；嫁；娶”等。常见用法如下：
marry sb.表示嫁给某人；与……结婚。
be/get married to sb.表示与某人结婚。
marry sb.to sb.表示把某人嫁给某人或让某人娶某人。
【注】(1) marry 一般不与介词with 连用。
(2)marry和get married都是终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果表示结婚一段时间，应该用be married。
a.她和一位英国人结了婚。
（误）She married with an Englishman.
(正)She married an Englishman.
（正）She was/got married to an Englishman.
b.布莱克夫妇结婚10年了。
(误)Mr.and Mrs.Black.have married for 10 years.
(正)Mr.and Mrs.Black.have been married for 10 years.
prefer
prefer vt.& vi.，表示“更喜欢”，“宁愿”等，相当于 like…better。
常见结构:
prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做……
prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.比起……更喜欢……
=prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿……
如：I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs.
She preferred to stay at home rather than go out.= She preferred staying at home to going out.
【拓展】prefer的过去式，过去分词及现在分词都要双写r。
remind
remind vt.使(人)想起，使记起，提醒。
常见结构:
remind sb.of sb./ sth.使想到某人或某物
remind sb.that clause 使人回忆起,想起……
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
如：It reminds me of my best friend.
The clock reminded me that I was late.
Please remind me to finish my work.
例：（2018·四川自贡）29. —What do you think of the movie Fang Hua?
—It is moving and it ______ my grandma _______ the life in the countryside.
A. reminds; of B. lets; down C. wakes; up
show
show， 及物动词，意为“展示；显示；给……人看”。
show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb.
如：Can you show me your new dress?
= Can you show your new dress to me?
【拓展】具有类似用法的还有：
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.
pass sb.sth.= pass sth.to sb.
post sb.sth.= post sth.to sb.
lend give sb.sth.= lend sth.to sb.
offer sb.sth.= offer sth.to sb.
buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.
例：(2018 湖北恩施)32. Miss Li lost her purse at my home. Please .
A. give it to her B. give her it C. give it her
used
used to do 过去常常做某事，过去曾做某事；
be used to do 被用来做某事；
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事；
be used for用来做……；
be used as被用作……；
be used by为……所使用。
如：He used to be a teacher in our school.（曾经是）
Is she used to walking after supper? （习惯）
Wind can be used to produce electricity.（用来）
A pen is used for writing.（用来）。
English is used as a useful tool in our country.（被用来作为）
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.(被……所使用)
例： (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Her father ________ a taxi driver. Now he works for a charity.
A. used to be B.is used to being C. is
would rather
would rather do sth.宁可……，宁愿……，最好……
would rather do sth.than do sth.
=would do sth.rather than do sth.宁可/宁愿……而不要/不愿……，与其……不如……
如：He’d rather work in the countryside.
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
= I would watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema.
【拓展】同义结构：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁可/宁愿……而不要/不愿……
agree
agree “同意”，名词形式为 agreement“协议，约定”，反义词disagree。
agree with (sb.)表示 “与某人意见一致”。
agree to (sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等。
agree on sth.表示“就……达成一致/协议”。 相当于reach an agreement on sth。
如：I don’t agree with Kate on many things.
We all agreed to your plan.
China and the USA agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.
allow
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
如：My teacher doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
They allowed smoking in this room only.
例：（2018·重庆B卷）Their parents don’t allow them _____ in the river because it’s really dangerous.
swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
die
die（vi.）死 —dead（adj.）死的 —dying（adj.）濒临死亡的，垂死的—death（n.） 死
如：The old man has died.那老人去世了。
The old man has been dead for many years.那个老人已经过世多年了。
The old man is dying.那个老人要死了。
die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失
die of死于……，主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因。
die from 死于……，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。
fill
fill vt.& vi.（使）充满，（使）装满，形容词形式为full。
fill…with…把……用……填满；fill out/in 填写
be filled with意为“被……充满”，与be full of意思一致。
如：The bucket is filled with water.= The bucket is full of water.
find
（1）常见结构：
find + n./pron.+ n.
如：We found him a good job.我们为他找了份好工作。
find + n./pron.+ adj.
如：I found the book interesting.我觉得这书比较有趣。
find + n./pron.+ doing
如：I found a wallet lying on the floor.我发现一个钱包在地板上。
find + n./pron.+ done
如： He found the door locked.他发现门锁上了。
find + n./pron.+ adv.
如：I went to her house but I found her out.我到她家发现她不在家。
（2）find + n./pron.+ n./adj./doing/done/adv.结构可转化为宾语从句。
如：I found him an honest boy.
=I found (that) he was an honest boy.
I find it easy to get on with her.
=I find (that) it is easy to get on with her.
get
（1）不同含义
得到,收到。 eg: I’ve got your telegram.
(去)拿来。eg: I’m going to get my hat from the other room.
感染上,得(病)。eg: I’ve got a bad cold.
到达,来,往。The visitors got here last night.
成为,变得。eg: get old。
（2）get sth. done让某人做某事(= have sth.done)。
如：I want to get my hair cut.
（3）get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事(=have sb.do sth.)。
如：She tried to get him to talk.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.
have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难、麻烦；在……方面有困难、麻烦。
如：We had no difficulty (in) finding his house.
【拓展】类似的结构还有：
have trouble /problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
have fun time (in) doing sth.做某事充满乐趣。
如：You will have fun reading about the world we live in.
考点五 近义动词辨析
hear与listen
hear 与 listen 这两个词都是动词，都有“听”的意思。hear强调听的结果，表示“听
见”，“听到”;listen强调听的动作,“听”。 后面如果要加宾语的话，listen后面就要加
介词to。
【常见结构与搭配】
hear of = hear about 听说(指间接听到)
hear from = receive/get a letter from收到(某人)的来信。其反义词组：
write to sb.= write a letter to sb.给某人写信
【拓展】类似用法的单词还有：
see 看见 （表结果）；look 看（表动作），look at 看……find 找到 （表结果）；look for 找……(表动作)
hit与beat
beat 强调连续或反复地“打”，因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等之类具有连续性或
反复性的动作，一般要用 beat。
如：My heart beats fast.
Who is beating the drum?
（2）hit表示有意或无意地打或撞等，往往含有重重一击或用力敲打等之意。
如：He hit her hard in the face.
The car ran out of control and hit a tree.
（3）beat还有“击败，战胜”的意思。
如：She was easily beaten into third place.她轻易落败，跌至第三。
【常见结构与搭配】
（1）hit sb.+ 介词 + the + 身体部位。
hit in 与软组织搭配，face,stomach,eye；
hit on与硬组织搭配，shoulder,head,back,mouth,nose,hand。
hit at表示“对……打”。
如：He hit at the thief but missed.他朝窃贼打去,但没打中。
3. hope,wish与expect
（1）hope意为“希望”，用于表示实现可能性很大的希望。
常见结构：hope to do，hope （that）… 但不能说hope sb.to do sth.。
如：He hopes to be a doctor.
I hope she will be well again.
（误）I hope you to help me with my math.
（2）wish 意为“希望”，“愿望”，“祝愿”，所表示的希望大体上是可以实现的。
常见句型：wish sb. to do sth.以及wish sb.+n./adj.。
如：We wish you (to be) happy.我们希望你开心。
I wish you a pleasant journey.
（3）expect意为“期待；盼望；预期”， 后可直接接名词或代词作宾语。
常见句型： expect to do sth.； expect sb.to do sth.或 expect + that 从句。
如：We expect to hear from Jane.
wish接 that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，而hope表示的是可
以实现或能达到的“希望”。
如：I wish I could fly like a bird.（从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现，不能用can。）
I hope he can do that.（本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替。）
例：（2018·山东青岛中考）Larry hopes ______ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.
to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving
4. hurt,injure与 harm
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上、感情上的伤害。
注意：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神
上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指身体的“伤害”或“受伤”;harm多指主观故意的“伤害，危害”或“破坏，损害”。
如：He fell and hurt his leg.
Smoking seriously harmed his health.
Several children were injured in the accident.
5. join,take part in,join in与attend
join和 join in 二者都有“参加”的意思，但用法有所不同。
join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员。
join in指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等。
take part in=join in；
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用。
attend常指参加或出席正式的活动或场合，如婚礼，会议等。
如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
Will you take part in the English evening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？
May I join in the game?我可以参加这个比赛吗？
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他没有参加会议。
【拓展】 join sb.in sth./doing sth.与某人一起做某事。
6. leave,leave for与leave...for
leave离开(某处)；遗忘，丢下；留下
leave…for 离开（某地）去（某地）
leave for 到……地方去
如：leave keys at home.把钥匙落在家里
leave Shanghai for Beijing 离开上海去北京
leave for Beijing去北京
【拓展】
（1）leave alone 不理,不管（惹）,不烦扰,不干涉。
如：Leave her alone! Do you hear me? 别惹她！听见了吗？
（2）leave to 将……交给(某人)处理；把(某人)留给(某人)安排。
如：Leave the boy to his mother.把男孩留给他母亲管。
7. look，see,read,watch
look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用；
see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”；
watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于“观看（电视、看球赛）”等；
read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。
如：How many birds can you see in the tree?
Look at the blackboard,please.
Do you watch TV at night?
I like reading at home.
8. look（at）,feel,hear,listen（to）,see,watch，notice
（1）feel/see/hear… + sb.+ do sth.“感觉到/看到/听到……某人做某事”，表示所感受到的动作已经发生或完成，表示动作的完整性或经常性，强调结果。
（2）feel/see/ hear… + sb.+ doing sth.“感觉到/看到/听到……某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
如：I saw him come into the classroom.（动作已完成）
I saw them playing football on the playground.（动作正在进行）
【注意】在feel/see/ hear + sb.+ do sth.这个结构变为被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式符号to，即be felt/seen/heard… to do sth.
如：I often heard him sing this song.→He is often heard to sing this song.
【拓展】使役动词have,let,make也符合这种规则，
make sb.do sth.让某人做某事→sb.be made to do sth.某人被要求/被迫做某事
9. look for，find与find out
find意为“找到、发现”，强调的是找的结果；
look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作；
find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”或“查明”一件事情，其
后的宾语常常是某个情况。
如：He didn’t find his bike.他没找到他的自行车。
He is looking for his shoes.他在找他的鞋子。
Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。
10. look after,take care of与care for
(1)take care of,look after,care for都能作“照顾、照料”解，可以互相替换。
如：She stayed at home and took care of /looked after/cared for her mother yesterday.
(2)care for 接物时多表示“想要，喜欢”，相当于like 或 be fond of。
如：I don’t much care for/ be fond of sweets.
Would you care for/like some more tea?
(3)take good care of和look after…well意义相同，都是“好好照料、好好照顾”的意思。
如：The nurses took good care of the children.＝The nurses looked after the children well.
(4)take care of有“保管、保护”的意思，look after没有。
如：Children must take good care of their eyes.≠Children must look after their eyes well.
(5)take care 单独用表示“当心； 注意”。
如：Take care not to leave anything behind.
11. may be与maybe
（1）maybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
（2）在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。
（3）maybe和may be可相互转换。副词 maybe 可单独用作答语，但 may be不能这样用。
如：You may be right.= Maybe you are right.你或许是对的。
12. point to,point at与point out
point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象。
point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。
point out表示的是给某人指示方向、要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。
如：Don’t point at the words while you are reading.
He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said，“That’s my home.”
The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.
13.provide与offer
provide提供，供应，供给（有用的或必需的物品）。常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide
sth.for sb.的固定搭配。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的固定搭配。
offer help to sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb.a good salary给某人高工资。
例：(2018·江苏泰州) Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always ______ guests with better service.
A. prevent B. protect C. present D. provide
14.put on，wear,dress与in
（1）辨析：
wear
v.穿着，戴着（衣服，鞋，帽，围巾，眼镜），表示穿的状态。
如：We wear sunglasses in summer.
put on
v.穿上，戴上（衣服，鞋，帽，围巾），表示穿的动作。
如：He put on the coat and ran out.
dress
v.表穿的动作，也表示打扮，后面常接人。
如：The child can dress himself.
in
prep.人作主语，后接衣服或颜色。
如：Do you know the boy in red?
（2） 其他用法与搭配：
put on其反义词组是take off“脱下”。 put on 还表示增加体重，发胖；take off也可表示飞机起飞。
get dressed 穿/戴好；dress up(as)装扮（成）
be dressed in = be in = be wearing
15. raise，rise， increase
作不及物动词，当rise 作“(数量)上升，增长，上涨”时，与increase同义，两者可
以互换。
如：Tourist trips of all kinds in Britain rose/increased by 10.5% between 1977 and 1987.
（2）rise还可以指位置的升高等。
如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
He rises （=raise himself） from the seat.（站起来）
作及物动词，raise与increase作 “增加；提高”讲时，两者同义，可以互换。
increase 着重点在表达数据、数值的增大，而raise此外还可表示质量、标准的提高。
如：The workers want to increase/raise their incomes.
The living standard of the people in Shanghai has been raised in the last 10 years.
raise只作及物动词，除上述含义外，还有“培养，饲养，举起，筹集”等含义。
如：raise your hand举起你的手；raise a pet cat饲养一只宠物猫；raise money 筹款；筹募。
【拓展】其他同、近义词还有improve提高，改进，改善；add增加；补充。
如：improve one’s health增进健康；add a 10 percent service charge加收10％的服务费。
（5）词形变化：rise → 过去式rose →过去分词risen。
（6）increase to 表示“增加到”；increase by表示“增加了”，注意区分。
如：The population of this town has increased by 5 percent.(增长了)
The population of our country has increased to 1.3 billion.(增长到)
16.receive，accept
receive强调“收到、接到”这一动作;accept强调立场上的结果，表“领受、接受”意义。
如：I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。
I received his gift but I didn’t accept it.我收到了他的礼物，但我没有接受。
17.speak,say,talk与tell
speak强调单方的“说”或“讲”。作不及物动词时，指说话的能力和方式；作及物
词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。
如：Jim speaks Chinese pretty well.
May I speak to Jack?
talk的意思是“谈话，谈论”，强调双方“交谈”，一般用作不及物动词，与介词to或
with连用，表示“与……交谈”。当谈及关于某人或某事时，后接介词about。
如：Peter and Ken are talking on the phone.
（3）say意为“说出”，“说过”，强调说话的内容，也可与to连用。
如：Mr.Lee often says “hello” to us with a smile.
Can you say the word in English?
tell意为“讲述”，“告诉”，作及物动词时，指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续诉
说之意。常用于tell sb.about sth.“告诉某人关于某事”及tell sb.（not）to do sth.“告
诉某人（不要）去做某事”结构。
如：Can you tell me something about your pen friend?
【拓展】与“tell sb.（not）to do sth.告诉某人（不要）去做某事”有相似的用法的结构还有：
ask sb.（not）to do sth.要求某人（不要）去做某事
order sb.（not）to do sth.命令某人（不要）去做某事
18.spend,cost,take与pay
主语
搭配
spend
主语是人
spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）
(2)spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事
cost
主语是物或事
sth.costs (sb.) money 某物花了（某人）多少钱
take
主语 it
it takes sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间
pay
主语是人
pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买……
(2)pay for sth.为某物付款
如：(1)I spent an hour finishing my homework yesterday.
= I spent an hour on my homework yesterday.
= It took them an hour to finish my homework yesterday.
(2)Jack spent 30 yuan on this book.
= Jack spent 30 yuan ( in ) buying this book.
= This book cost Jack 30 yuan.
=Jack paid 30 yuan for this book.
例1：（2018?四川泸州)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.
A. pays B. costs C. spends D. takes
例2：(2018·新疆)30. —Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
—Thank you. It _______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
19. turn on,turn off,turn up与turn down
turn on 打开（电器等）；turn off 关闭（电器等）；turn up 调高（音量等）；turn down 调低（音量等）。
on,off,up,down均为副词，后接代词时，应放在两词中间；如果接名词，可放两词中间，也可以两词后面。
【拓展】类似词组：
get on 上车； get off下车； put on穿衣；take off脱下。
例：(2018福建A卷) 33. Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ______ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
answer，reply
两者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 属常用词，多用于一般性应答,其后可以直接跟名
词或代词作宾语;而 reply 则较正式，多指经过考虑而做出答复，后接名词或代词作宾
语时，要在名词或动词前用介词 to，但在接句子作宾语时不用介词to。
如： He replied that he had changed his mind.
He didn’t answer /reply to my question.
(2)answer 除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听(电话)或对门铃等声响做出反应等(常
与 telephone,door,bell,door?bell 等连用)。但 reply 不能这样用。
如：Who answered the telephone?
(3)两者除用作动词外，都可用作名词。要表示“对……的回答(答复，答案)”等，其后
均接介词 to(不用 of)。
如：Have you had an answer to your letter?
I received no reply to my request.
【拓展】与the answer to the question 类似的用法还有：
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to the hospital （去）医院的路
21.arrive,get,reach
arrive in 表示到达的地点范围较大（即大地点），eg: arrive in Beijing。
arrive at 表示到达的地点较小（即小地点），eg: arrive at school（the airport）。
reach和get to没有地点限制，大小地点都可用，后面直接跟宾语。eg: get to school。
另外reach还可表示 “接触到，够到”的意思。
如： I can’t reach that book on the shelf。
get和arrive如果后面跟地点副词，则不用加介词。
如： get /arrive there/here/home。
22.beat，win
beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队。
win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛或名次。
如：We won the match/game/race/the first place.
We beat their team by 5∶4.
borrow,lend，keep
意思
搭配
borrow
借进，借过（瞬间动词， 不可以和延续性的时间状语连用）
borrow…from…
lend
借出;借给……（瞬间动词，不可以和延续性的时间状语连用）
lend…to…
keep
持有、保持（延续性动词，可以接延续性的时间状语）
可以用来回答how long 引导的疑问句
如： borrow a book from library.
I lent my bike to Jack yesterday.
You can keep that book for two weeks.
bring,take,carry，fetch
take
“拿走，带到”，指把某物（人）从说话处带到别处，由近及远。
bring
“拿来，带来”，指把某物（人）从别处带到说话处，由远及近，与take方向相反。
carry
“提，拿，运”，不强调方向，但有负重之感。
get/fetch
“拿来，取来”，相当于go and bring,指取了东西或带人再回来。强调动作的往返。get 多用于口语，fetch多用于书面语。
如：get me a book给我拿一本书来
take me to the hospital带我去医院
help me carry the box帮我搬箱子
bring me some water给我拿点水来
【固定搭配】
It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人做某事花费多长时间。
Take it easy.别担心，放松。
It takes time （to do）.需要时间（做）。
【注意】词形填空等考查bring与take的不规则过去式和过去分词形式。
bring—brought—brought take —took —taken
25. buy与sell
buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物
sell sb.sth.= sell sth.to sb.卖给某人某物
如：He sold the old book to me.
【注意】(1)过去式和过去分词：buy→ bought→ bought； sell→ sold→sold
（2）词性：sell （v.） →sale （n.）
sale，名词，“销售，大减价促销”。on sale销售(打过折后的销售价)，大减价；for sale待售(没减价的销售价)。
26. deal with与do with
（1） do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等；deal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。
（2）do with侧重对象，deal with侧重方式、方法。
（3） do with 常与连接代词 what 连用。而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用。
如：I don’t know how they deal with the problem.
= I don’t know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，还治其人之身。
We are difficult to do with the new comer.我们很难与新来的那个人相处。
【拓展】have nothing to do with与……无关
have something to do with 与……有关
have a lot to do with与……有很大关系
27.forget，leave
forget是忘记了什么东西或事情。
表示把东西放在某地忘拿了，要用动词 leave,不能用forget。
如：I left my bag on the bus.
Once when we were going to Paris,I forgot my passport.
例：（2018·山东青岛中考）— I can’t find my mobile phone.
— Don’t worry. Maybe you ______ it at home.
forgot B. missed C. lost D. left
forget,remember
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（未做）；
forget doing sth.忘记以前曾经做过某事（事已做）。
remember to do sth.是记着要去做某事（未做）；
remember doing sth是记着做过某事（事已做）
如：Sorry,I forgot to bring the book.（忘了带书）
I forgot borrowing a book from you.（忘记曾经借过书）
【拓展】类似用法还有：
stop to do停下（手头的事情）去做另外一件事；stop doing sth.停止做某事。
regret to do后悔去做某事；regret doing后悔做过某事。
try to do努力去做某事；try doing试着做某事。
continue to do继续做另一件事情；continue doing继续做同一件事。
29. happen 与take place
两词均为不及物动词。
happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。
take place 表示(某事)按计划进行或按计划的“发生”。
如：When did the earthquake happen？（发生）
He happened to know the place.（碰巧）
Great changes have taken place in China since 1976.（发生）
【拓展】take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”,意指某种活动发生在某地。
如：The Olympic Games of 2016 will take place in Brazil.
hold也有“举行，举办”之意，但主语一般是人或地点。如hold a meeting/party等。
happen 与take place均不能用于被动语态。即只能说sth.happens/takes place，不能说sth.is happened/taken place。
如：（误）A traffic accident was happened this morning.
（正）A traffic accident happened this morning.
30. have been to,have gone to
(1)have(has)been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了；可与just,ever,never等连用；后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
(2)have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场。一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
如：Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。
—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
例：（2018·四川自贡）27. —Is that Mr. Wang in the classroom?
—It can’t be him. He ______ the village to be a volunteer.
A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to
break短语辨析
break up打碎; 变坏; 分解; 终止; 破裂
break down瓦解; 分解; 失败; 出故障; 破坏; 拆毁”。
break out爆发; 突然发生
break into闯入; 破门而入; 打断（谈话、讨论）; 突然…起来
break in闯入; 打断; 插嘴. 其中in是副词。
break away脱逃; 脱离; 突然离开; 革除; 戒除. 常与from连用。
break through战胜; 突围; 穿过…而出现; 突破”。
bring短语辨析
bring on?使发生; 引起; 端上（饭菜）
bring in?引来; 引进; 吸收
bring out?取出; 说出; 阐明; 出版
bring up养育; 培养; 提出; 谈到; 呕出
33.blow短语辨析
blow down吹倒; 刮倒
blow in吹进; 吹入
blow off吹掉; 炸掉; 发泄
blow over暴风雨吹散; 过去; 结束
blow up引爆;（使）炸毁;（风、暴风雨）大作发怒; 大发雷霆”
34.call短语辨析
call off取消, 把（注意力）转移开
call at到…进行短暂访问
call in叫(某人)进来; 来访
call for 要求,需要; 招呼某人一起干; 来取某物
call on"号召"; "拜访"call on后接表示拜访某人, call at 后接表示拜访地点或场所
call out大声喊叫; 召集; 命令(工人)罢工; 使跃出; 向...挑战; 要求和...决斗
call up召唤, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给
35.give短语辨析
give?in屈服, 让步; 交; 递交
give?off发出, 放出(气味)??
give?up放弃, 认输; 递上去, 传上去??
give?out 分发，散发; 用完，耗尽; 发出（光, 声）
give away赠送, 捐献 ; 分发（奖品等）; 泄露（秘密）
例1：(2018·四川南充)—Do you think it is popular to red envelops(红包) on Wechat during festivals?
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C. give back D. give up
例2：(2018?湖北十堰)32. —A great person once said, “if you can follow your heart and never ______, your dream will come true.”
—I think so. I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard.
A. give away B. give back C. give out D. give up
36.hold短语辨析
hold down保有(工作等); 抑制; 压制
hold out坚持; 维持; 给予
hold back?抑制; 阻碍; 隐瞒
hold on握住; 抓牢; 坚持不懈; 稍等；等一下
hold off(使)不接近; 拖延
37.put短语辨析
put away放好; 收起来
put down记下; 平息
put out扑灭; 出版
put up举起; 建造; 张贴; 公布; 投宿
put on穿上; 演; 增加
put off延期; 拖延
put through完成; (打电话)把…接通
例1： (2018·湖北襄阳)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?
—I’m afraid not. You can’t _______today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
例2：(2018山东潍坊)The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be________ on the website.
A. put away B. put off C. put up D. put on
38.come短语辨析
come about发生, 产生, 实现
come along来吧, 一起来（偶然地）发生, 来到进展; 进步
come by经过; 从旁边走过来串门; 得到
come down（价格、温度、比率等）下降; 下来, 下落; 流传下来
come for向…冲去; 来取; 来找; 来接
come on加把劲; （新的季节或天气）到来; 得了吧; 算了吧
come out出来; 出现; 书或光盘出版, 发行; 照片冲洗; 事实暴露, 披露
come through从…进来; 安然渡过危险或难关; 显现; 显露; 实现(承诺); 成功地完成
例：(2018·湖北荆州) 28.—Summer vacation is coming! I am thinking about visiting some places of interest.
—Why not _______Jingzhou and have a look at the ancient city wall?
A. come out B. come along C. come up with D. come over to
39.look短语辨析
look through浏览; 翻阅看穿/识破某人或某事;
look out向外看; 面向; 朝外;当心
look into 深入地检查; 调查; 观察; 研究
look up(在参考书/列表等中)查检(事实或信息); 拜访, 探访, 看望
look over仔细检查/审视(某人或某物); 翻阅
look around四下观望; (四处)转转; 参观
look back回顾; 倒退; 追忆; 回头一看
look blue神色沮丧, 脸色发青; 面带愁容
例：(2018·湖南益阳)28. Grandmother lives with my parents. They ______ her every day.
A. look at B. look after C. look for
40.take短语辨析
take?after长得像，性格类似于，效仿
take?back收回；（使）回忆起；领回；取回
take?down拆卸；记录，记下；笔录；取下
take?in吸收；领会；欺骗；接待
take?off脱掉；起飞；（使）离开；突然成功
take?out取出，除去；拔掉；把…带出去；邀请（某人）外出
take?place?发生,进行
例：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Many wild animals are in great danger.
—Let’s to save them.
A. take off B. take down C. take action D. take after
中考英语复习动词分类及动词辨析学案
考情分析
动词是英语语法中很重要的一个内容，它的内容比较广，在历年中考中所占比重也比较大。从近几年的命题趋势来看，动词及动词短语易混辨析考察的越来越多。考察题型主要包括：单项选择，完型填空等，预计2019年中考还是以此为主。
学习目标
1.能够对动词进行分类判断
2.理解各类动词的意义和用法
3.掌握重点动词及动词短语的辨析
考点一 动词的分类及基本形式
动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。
一、动词的分类
1.实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。
(1)及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：
①动词＋宾语。
如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。
②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。
注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。
如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。
注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。
(2)不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。
如：Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。
I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。
有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)
We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)
2．系动词的用法
系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
如：The food tastes delicious. 那食物尝起来好吃。
常考系动词的分类
类别
功能
例词
表示状态
表示主语所处的状态。
am，is，are，was，were
表示持续
表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。
keep，remain，stay，stand，lie
表示感官
表示人体感官的系动词。
look，feel，smell，taste，sound
表示状态
变化
表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。
become，get，go，grow，turn
注意：①一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。
②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。
如：It's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。
例：(2018福建A卷) 22. —Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
—Yes, the folk songs _______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
A 考查感官动词辨析。句意：—你喜欢中国民歌吗？—是的，民歌听起来不错。欣赏歌曲需要用耳朵听，sound 听起来，smell闻起来，look看起来。故选A。
3．助动词的用法
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
分类
作用
be
am/is/are＋现在分词→现在进行时
was/were＋现在分词→过去进行时
be＋过去分词→被动语态
do
形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气
have
have/has＋过去分词→现在完成时
had＋过去分词→过去完成时
have＋been＋现在分词→现在完成进行时
will/shall
will/shall＋动词原形→一般将来时
would/should＋动词原形→过去将来时
【注意】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。
4.情态动词的用法
（详见情态动词学案）
二、动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
规则动词的三种变化规律
动词的
结构
第三人
称单数
过去式/分词
现在分词
一般情况
v.＋s
(works， reads)
v.＋ed
(stayed)
v.＋ing
(doing)
以不发音的e结尾动词
v.＋s
(comes)
v.＋d
(moved)
去e，再＋ing
(moving)
一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节
v.＋s
(plans，stops)
双写辅音字
母，再加ed
(planned)
双写辅音字母，再＋ing
(stopping)
特殊情况
以x、s、z、
ch、sh、o
结尾动词，
v．＋es(goes)
以辅音字母＋y
结尾的动词，改
y为i，再＋ed
(studied)
以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y,再＋ing(lying)
考点二 动词短语的类别和用法
类别
用法
常见的动词短语
动词十介词
这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。
look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to
动词十副词
及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。
cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back
动词十副词+介词
这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。
catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with
动词十名词十介词
它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。
make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part in
be十形容词十介词
be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about
动词十反身代词（+介词）
这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语
devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself
例1：(2018·湖北荆州) 27.—We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?
—You'd better_______ signs around the school to tell all the students about that.
A. make up B. put up C. set up D. show up
B 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造；put up张贴，搭起；set up建立；show up出现，露面。根据signs 可知是“张贴通告“，故选B。
例2：(2018·湖北黄冈) —I?find?it?difficult?to?learn?English?well.?I?want?to?drop?it. ?—English?is?very?important?in?our?daily?life.?Never _____. ?A.?give?up?it?? B. give it up?? C.?give?away?it?? D.?give?it?away
B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：—我发现英语很难学，我想放弃。—英语在我们的日常生活中很重要……，由此推知后句意为“不要放弃。”give up放弃；give away赠送；背叛。据此推知give up符合句意，give up是动词加副词构成的短语，代词作其宾语必须位于give up之间。故选B。
例3：（2018·湖北随州）As we ______ on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A. take out B. set out C. cut out D .blow out
B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们踏新的旅程，我们不应该忘记我们来自何处。Take out 拿出；set out 出发；cut out 删除；blow out 吹灭。根据题意选择set out on our new journey 表示动身，上路，及踏上新的旅程。故选B。
例4：(2018·山西)29. Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really ______ our amazing China.
A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in
A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今中国在很多领域都取得了巨大的成就，我们真的为我们伟大的国家而骄傲。take pride in为……感到自豪；take care of照顾，照看；take an interest in对……感兴趣。根据第一句话表达中国取得的成就，很自然地我们会因它而骄傲；故选 A。
例5：(2018·山东东营) The 119 passengers are ________ Liu Chuanjian. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on B. thankful to C. friendly to D. responsible for
C【解析】考查动词短语的用法辨析。句意：(飞机上的)119名乘客都对(飞机长)刘传建________。没有他，他们将都或许已经丧失了生命。be hard on“对……苛刻”；be thankful to“对……充满感激”；be friendly to“对……友好”；be responsible for“对……负责任”。根据后面的假设“Without him, they would probably have lost their lives”可知：乘客应该对这位英雄机长表示感激。故选D。
考点三 动词短语辨析
常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。
1．同一动词的不同搭配：
(1)look短语
look after照料；照顾 look at看
look for寻找；寻求 look forward to盼望；期待
look out当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览
look up to钦佩；仰慕
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
例：(2018·湖南益阳)28. Grandmother lives with my parents. They ______ her every day.
A. look at B. look after C. look for
B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的奶奶和我父母住在一起。他们每天照顾她。look at看；look after照顾；look for寻找。由语境可知选B。
(2)cut短语
cut down砍倒；减少 cut off切除
cut out删除；删去 cut up切碎
例1：（2018. 贵州安顺）I think young phubbers（低头族）are supposed to the time they spend their smart phones．
A. cut off；in B. cut down；on C. cut up；on D. cut in；in
B. 考查短语动词的区别。句意：我认为年轻的低头族应该减少花费在智能手机上的时间。cut off 切断；cut up 切碎；cut in 插入；cut down削减, spend… on sth.在某事上花费……。故选B。
例2： (2018·江苏连云港)—I’m sorry to _____ on you, but there are one or two things I don’t understand.
—It doesn’t matter.
A. cut down B. cut out C. cut in D. cut off
C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—抱歉我插一下嘴，但是我还是有一两件事情不明白。—没关系的。cut down项“削减，砍倒”； cut out“切断；删除”；cut in “插嘴；插入”；cut off “切断；中断”。故选C。
(3)run短语
run after追逐；追赶 run away跑开
run out (of)用尽；耗尽
(4)turn短语
turn down调低；拒绝 turn up调高
turn... into变成 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
turn off关掉 turn left/right向左/右转
例： (2018·江苏宿迁) —How is our government going to deal with the office building?
— It will be __________ a library.
A. turned off B. turned on C. turned out D. turned into
D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：——我们的政府将如何处理办公楼？——将会被改建成一个图书馆？turned off关掉；turned on打开； turned out 结果是，证明是；turned into把…变成。分析四个选项可知“把……变成”符合句意。故选D。
(5)take短语
take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of照顾；处理
take down拆除；记录 take in吸入；吞入(体内)
take off脱掉；起飞 take place发生；出现
take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据
例：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Many wild animals are in great danger.
—Let’s to save them.
A. take off B. take down C. take action D. take after
C【解析】考查固定搭配的用法辨析。句意：——许多野生动物处于巨大危险之中。——让我们采取行动拯救他们吧。Take off 意为脱下，起飞；take down记下；take action采取行动；take after与…像。故选C。
(6)get短语
get dressed穿上衣服 get into陷入；参与
get lost迷路 get off下车
get on 上车 get on with和睦相处；关系良好
get up起床；站起
例：(2018·湖北武汉中考) I took the subway and at the downtown station.
A. got through B. got over C. got on D. got off
D【解析】考查短语动词词义辨析。句意：——我乘坐地铁在市中心站下车。get through“通过”；get over“克服困难”； get on“上车”； get off“下车”。根据句意，故选D。
(7)use短语
be/get used to习惯于 be used to do被用来做……
used to曾经……；过去……
例： (2018·四川宜宾中考)My sister _______ be lazy. But now she’s working really hard.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to
A. 考查used to结构。used to 表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to 意为“习惯于……”；句意：我妹妹过去很懒，但是现在她学习真的很努力。
(8)give短语
give away赠送；捐赠 give out分发；散发
give up放弃 give in屈服
give?off发出, 放出(气味)??
例1：(2018·四川南充)—Do you think it is popular to red envelops(红包) on Wechat during festivals?
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C. give back D. give up
A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。give out“分发”；give away“赠送”；give back“归还”；give up“放弃”。句意：—你认为节日期间微信发红包很流行吗？—是的。但我更喜欢给家人礼物。结合句意，故选A。
例2：(2018?湖北十堰)32. —A great person once said, “if you can follow your heart and never ______, your dream will come true.”
—I think so. I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard.
A. give away B. give back C. give out D. give up
D【解析】考查短语辨析 句意：—一位伟人曾经说过“如果你能追随你的心，永不放弃，你的梦想就会成真。”—我认为是这样。我相信，假如我努力学习，今年我就能进入好的高中。give away捐赠；give back归还；give out分发；give up放弃。根据语境可知是“放弃梦想”，故选D。
(9)call短语
call in召来；叫来 call up打电话给(某人)；征召
call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话
(10)come短语
come true实现；成为现实 come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come about发生, 产生, 实现
come along来吧, 一起来（偶然地）发生, 来到进展; 进步
come on加把劲; （新的季节或天气）到来; 得了吧; 算了吧
come out出来; 出现; 书或光盘出版, 发行; 照片冲洗; 事实暴露, 披露
例：(2018·湖北荆州) 28.—Summer vacation is coming! I am thinking about visiting some places of interest.
—Why not _______Jingzhou and have a look at the ancient city wall?
A. come out B. come along C. come up with D. come over to
D 考查动词辨析。come out出版，发行，出来；come along 出现，到来；come up with想出，提出；come over to过来，顺便来访。根据句意“我正考虑一些参观一些名胜古迹”可知提出建议“为什么不来荆州看看古城墙呢？”。故选D。
(11)bring短语
bring back恢复；使想起；归还 bring out使显现；使表现出
(12)fall短语
fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
fall in love爱上；喜欢上 fall over绊倒
(13)go短语
go along (the street)沿着(这条街)走 go off(闹钟)发出响声
go out外出(娱乐)
(14)make短语
make sure确保；查明 make up编造(故事、谎言等)
(15)put短语
put on增加(体重)；发胖；穿上 put off推迟
put up搭起；举起；张贴 put away收拾(整理)好
put down记下; 平息 put out扑灭; 出版
例1： (2018·湖北襄阳)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?
—I’m afraid not. You can’t _______today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
A 考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：——妈妈，我可以把家务放到明天做吗？——我想恐怕不行。你不能把今天的工作推迟到明天。put off 推迟；turn down 调低；拒绝；give away 赠送；look up 抬头；查阅。今天的事明天做，应该是“推迟”。故选A。
例2：(2018山东潍坊)The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be________ on the website.
A. put away B. put off C. put up D. put on
C 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将张贴在网站上。put off推迟，拖延；put away收起来，放好；put on 穿上；put up张贴，建造。主语“照片”提示和动词短语put up构成被动关系，“张贴照片”符合句意，故选C。
(16)set短语
set out出发；启程 set up建起；建立
（17）be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好； be different from与……不同；
be afraid of害怕； be popular with受……欢迎；
be interested in对……感兴趣； be strict with sb.对某人严格；
be strict in sth.对某事严格； be famous/known as作为……出名；
be surprised at对……惊讶； be pleased with对……满意；
be proud of对……感到自豪； be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；
be good for对……有好处； be good at擅长于……；
be made up of由……构成； be angry with对某人生气；
be busy with忙于； be full of/filled with装满……；
be late for迟到
例：(2018·山东东营) The 119 passengers are ________ Liu Chuanjian. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on B. thankful to C. friendly to D. responsible for
C【解析】考查动词短语的用法辨析。句意：(飞机上的)119名乘客都对(飞机长)刘传建________。没有他，他们将都或许已经丧失了生命。be hard on“对……苛刻”；be thankful to“对……充满感激”；be friendly to“对……友好”；be responsible for“对……负责任”。根据后面的假设“Without him, they would probably have lost their lives”可知：乘客应该对这位英雄机长表示感激。故选D。
2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配：
(1)up短语
call up打电话给(某人)；征召 cheer up (使)变得高兴；振奋起来
clean up打扫(或清除)干净 cut up切碎
dress up装扮；乔装打扮 end up最终成为；最后处于
fix up修理；装饰 give up放弃
grow up长大；成熟 hurry up赶快；急忙
look up查找；抬头看 make up编造(故事、谎言等)
pick up捡起；接电话 put up搭起；举起
set up建起；建立 show up赶到；露面
stay up熬夜 wake up醒；叫醒
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据
例1：(2018·湖北荆州) 27.—We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?
—You'd better_______ signs around the school to tell all the students about that.
A. make up B. put up C. set up D. show up
B 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造；put up张贴，搭起；set up建立；show up出现，露面。根据signs 可知是“张贴通告“，故选B。
例2： (2018? 湖北咸宁) —Mary, how can I get to Xianning from Wuhan next week?
— You’d better take a train. ________ the suitable trains in the timetable.
A. Set up B. Look up C. Take up D. Put up
B考查动词短语辨析。句意：——玛丽，下周我怎么才能从武汉到达咸宁？——你最好乘火车。在时刻表上找一下合适的火车。set up建立；look up查找，查阅；take up开始从事；put up搭建。结合后面的时刻表，故应是“查找”。故选B。
(2)out短语
blow out吹灭 bring out使显现；使表现出
check out检验；办理退房手续 clear out清理；丢掉
find out查明；弄清 give out分发；散发
go out外出(娱乐) hand out分发
run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 sell out卖光
set out出发；启程 work out成功地发展；解决
hang out闲逛；常去某处 lay out摆开；布置
leave out不包括；不提及；忽略
例1：（2018·湖北随州）As we ______ on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A. take out B. set out C. cut out D .blow out
B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们踏新的旅程，我们不应该忘记我们来自何处。Take out 拿出；set out 出发；cut out 删除；blow out 吹灭。根据题意选择set out on our new journey 表示动身，上路，及踏上新的旅程。故选B。
例2： (2018·山东滨州)People now in many big cities have to __________ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A. set out B. put out C. take out D. give out
A 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：现在住在大城市的人们必须及早出发，以避免早上的交通高峰。set out 出发，开始；put out熄灭，扑灭；take out 把……倒出；取出；give out分发；发出。由严重交通可推测，应该与行为有关。故选A。
(3)down短语
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 let... down使失望
lie down躺下 pull... down拆下；摧毁
write down写下；记录下
(4)with短语
agree with同意；赞成 compare... with比较；对比
deal with应付；处理 part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)
connect... with...把……和……连接或联系起来
3．完全不同的动词词组：
ask for请求；恳求(给予) care for照顾；非常喜欢
believe in信任；信赖 care about关心；在意
clean... off把……擦掉 depend on依靠；信赖
divide... into把……分开 separate from分开；分离
throw away扔掉；抛弃 drop by顺便访问；随便进入
stick to坚持；固守 pay attention to注意；关注
pass by路过；经过 pay for付费；付出代价
prepare for为……做准备 pull together齐心协力；通力合作
shut off关闭；停止运转 take sb.'s place代替；替换
think of认为 hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等
考点四 中考常考动词及动词短语精讲
help
help sb.with sth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人（做）某事。
with the help of 在……帮助下
help oneself(to)自用（食物等）
help sb.into/ out of 搀扶某人进入/走出
help sb.out 帮助某人克服困难，度过难关、解决问题、完成工作
be of some/no/much help to sb.对某人有些/没有/很有帮助
help to do sth.有助于做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
如：Can you help me to learn English?= Can you help me with my English?
Help yourself to the fish.
He helped the patient out of the hospital.
When I’m in trouble,he always helps me out with money.
With the help of her,he found his lost child.
This program helps to improve our English.
keep
(1)keep + adj.保持某种状态
如：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
(2)keep + sth./sb.+ adj.使……保持……
如：We must keep our classroom clean.
(3)keep (on) doing 一直做某事
如：Don’t keep (on) asking foolish questions.
(4)keep sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/事一直进行
如：They’ve put in time and effort to keep the strike going.
(5)keep…from doing…阻止……做某事
如：You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons.
例：(2018·四川内江中考)Mr. Black, you are becoming healthier and healthier. Please keep on .
A. ran B. to run C. runs D. running
D 【解析】考查动词用法。句意：布莱克先生，你正变得越来越健康。请坚持跑步。根据keep on doing sth. 得出答案为running。 故选D。
make
(1)make sb.do sth.及被动形式be made to do sth.。
如：Though he had often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his little sister.
(2)make it + adj.+ to do sth.意为“使做某事……”。在此结构中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式。
如：The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon.
(3)be made of…某物由某材料制造（从制成品中可以看出原材料）。
be made from…某物由某材料制造(从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料)。
be made in…某物由某地制造。
be made by…某物由某个人或集体制造，by用来强调动作的执行者。
be made into…某种原料制成某物，与be made of…和be made from…的意思正好相反。
be made up of…某物由某成分组成或构成。
如：The bookshelf is made of wood.（看得出）
Paper is made from wood and bamboo.（看不出）
The computer is made in Japan.
The TV set is made by the workers in the factory.
Glass can be made into bottles.
The class is made up of fifty-six students.
marry
marry vt.& vi.意为“结婚；嫁；娶”等。常见用法如下：
marry sb.表示嫁给某人；与……结婚。
be/get married to sb.表示与某人结婚。
marry sb.to sb.表示把某人嫁给某人或让某人娶某人。
【注】(1) marry 一般不与介词with 连用。
(2)marry和get married都是终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果表示结婚一段时间，应该用be married。
a.她和一位英国人结了婚。
（误）She married with an Englishman.
(正)She married an Englishman.
（正）She was/got married to an Englishman.
b.布莱克夫妇结婚10年了。
(误)Mr.and Mrs.Black.have married for 10 years.
(正)Mr.and Mrs.Black.have been married for 10 years.
prefer
prefer vt.& vi.，表示“更喜欢”，“宁愿”等，相当于 like…better。
常见结构:
prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做……
prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.比起……更喜欢……
=prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿……
如：I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs.
She preferred to stay at home rather than go out.= She preferred staying at home to going out.
【拓展】prefer的过去式，过去分词及现在分词都要双写r。
remind
remind vt.使(人)想起，使记起，提醒。
常见结构:
remind sb.of sb./ sth.使想到某人或某物
remind sb.that clause 使人回忆起,想起……
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
如：It reminds me of my best friend.
The clock reminded me that I was late.
Please remind me to finish my work.
例：（2018·四川自贡）29. —What do you think of the movie Fang Hua?
—It is moving and it ______ my grandma _______ the life in the countryside.
A. reminds; of B. lets; down C. wakes; up
A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意： —你觉得电影《芳华》怎么样？—它令人感动，它让我奶奶想起乡村生活。remind sb. of…是固定短语，意为“使某人想起某事”; let sb. down让某人失望；wake sb. up 唤醒某人。根据句意可知此处是指让奶奶想起乡村生活。故选A。
show
show， 及物动词，意为“展示；显示；给……人看”。
show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb.
如：Can you show me your new dress?
= Can you show your new dress to me?
【拓展】具有类似用法的还有：
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.
pass sb.sth.= pass sth.to sb.
post sb.sth.= post sth.to sb.
lend give sb.sth.= lend sth.to sb.
offer sb.sth.= offer sth.to sb.
buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.
例：(2018 湖北恩施)32. Miss Li lost her purse at my home. Please .
A. give it to her B. give her it C. give it her
A 考查动词短语的用法。结构give sb. sth. 中sth.需要用名词。如果是代词，则用give sth. to sb.
used
used to do 过去常常做某事，过去曾做某事；
be used to do 被用来做某事；
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事；
be used for用来做……；
be used as被用作……；
be used by为……所使用。
如：He used to be a teacher in our school.（曾经是）
Is she used to walking after supper? （习惯）
Wind can be used to produce electricity.（用来）
A pen is used for writing.（用来）。
English is used as a useful tool in our country.（被用来作为）
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.(被……所使用)
例： (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Her father ________ a taxi driver. Now he works for a charity.
A. used to be B.is used to being C. is
A 考查固定短语的用法。句意：她的爸爸以前是一位出租车司机，现在为慈善而工作。used to 意为“过去经常…”; be used to…意为“习惯于…”。故选A。
would rather
would rather do sth.宁可……，宁愿……，最好……
would rather do sth.than do sth.
=would do sth.rather than do sth.宁可/宁愿……而不要/不愿……，与其……不如……
如：He’d rather work in the countryside.
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
= I would watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema.
【拓展】同义结构：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁可/宁愿……而不要/不愿……
agree
agree “同意”，名词形式为 agreement“协议，约定”，反义词disagree。
agree with (sb.)表示 “与某人意见一致”。
agree to (sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等。
agree on sth.表示“就……达成一致/协议”。 相当于reach an agreement on sth。
如：I don’t agree with Kate on many things.
We all agreed to your plan.
China and the USA agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.
allow
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
如：My teacher doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
They allowed smoking in this room only.
例：（2018·重庆B卷）Their parents don’t allow them _____ in the river because it’s really dangerous.
swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
C 考查动词的用法。句意：他们的妈妈不允许他们在河里游泳，因为这非常危险。”allow sb to do sth”是固定搭配，表示允许某人做某事，故选C.
die
die（vi.）死 —dead（adj.）死的 —dying（adj.）濒临死亡的，垂死的—death（n.） 死
如：The old man has died.那老人去世了。
The old man has been dead for many years.那个老人已经过世多年了。
The old man is dying.那个老人要死了。
die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失
die of死于……，主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因。
die from 死于……，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。
fill
fill vt.& vi.（使）充满，（使）装满，形容词形式为full。
fill…with…把……用……填满；fill out/in 填写
be filled with意为“被……充满”，与be full of意思一致。
如：The bucket is filled with water.= The bucket is full of water.
find
（1）常见结构：
find + n./pron.+ n.
如：We found him a good job.我们为他找了份好工作。
find + n./pron.+ adj.
如：I found the book interesting.我觉得这书比较有趣。
find + n./pron.+ doing
如：I found a wallet lying on the floor.我发现一个钱包在地板上。
find + n./pron.+ done
如： He found the door locked.他发现门锁上了。
find + n./pron.+ adv.
如：I went to her house but I found her out.我到她家发现她不在家。
（2）find + n./pron.+ n./adj./doing/done/adv.结构可转化为宾语从句。
如：I found him an honest boy.
=I found (that) he was an honest boy.
I find it easy to get on with her.
=I find (that) it is easy to get on with her.
get
（1）不同含义
得到,收到。 eg: I’ve got your telegram.
(去)拿来。eg: I’m going to get my hat from the other room.
感染上,得(病)。eg: I’ve got a bad cold.
到达,来,往。The visitors got here last night.
成为,变得。eg: get old。
（2）get sth. done让某人做某事(= have sth.done)。
如：I want to get my hair cut.
（3）get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事(=have sb.do sth.)。
如：She tried to get him to talk.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.
have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难、麻烦；在……方面有困难、麻烦。
如：We had no difficulty (in) finding his house.
【拓展】类似的结构还有：
have trouble /problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
have fun time (in) doing sth.做某事充满乐趣。
如：You will have fun reading about the world we live in.
考点五 近义动词辨析
hear与listen
hear 与 listen 这两个词都是动词，都有“听”的意思。hear强调听的结果，表示“听
见”，“听到”;listen强调听的动作,“听”。 后面如果要加宾语的话，listen后面就要加
介词to。
【常见结构与搭配】
hear of = hear about 听说(指间接听到)
hear from = receive/get a letter from收到(某人)的来信。其反义词组：
write to sb.= write a letter to sb.给某人写信
【拓展】类似用法的单词还有：
see 看见 （表结果）；look 看（表动作），look at 看……find 找到 （表结果）；look for 找……(表动作)
hit与beat
beat 强调连续或反复地“打”，因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等之类具有连续性或
反复性的动作，一般要用 beat。
如：My heart beats fast.
Who is beating the drum?
（2）hit表示有意或无意地打或撞等，往往含有重重一击或用力敲打等之意。
如：He hit her hard in the face.
The car ran out of control and hit a tree.
（3）beat还有“击败，战胜”的意思。
如：She was easily beaten into third place.她轻易落败，跌至第三。
【常见结构与搭配】
（1）hit sb.+ 介词 + the + 身体部位。
hit in 与软组织搭配，face,stomach,eye；
hit on与硬组织搭配，shoulder,head,back,mouth,nose,hand。
hit at表示“对……打”。
如：He hit at the thief but missed.他朝窃贼打去,但没打中。
3. hope,wish与expect
（1）hope意为“希望”，用于表示实现可能性很大的希望。
常见结构：hope to do，hope （that）… 但不能说hope sb.to do sth.。
如：He hopes to be a doctor.
I hope she will be well again.
（误）I hope you to help me with my math.
（2）wish 意为“希望”，“愿望”，“祝愿”，所表示的希望大体上是可以实现的。
常见句型：wish sb. to do sth.以及wish sb.+n./adj.。
如：We wish you (to be) happy.我们希望你开心。
I wish you a pleasant journey.
（3）expect意为“期待；盼望；预期”， 后可直接接名词或代词作宾语。
常见句型： expect to do sth.； expect sb.to do sth.或 expect + that 从句。
如：We expect to hear from Jane.
wish接 that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，而hope表示的是可
以实现或能达到的“希望”。
如：I wish I could fly like a bird.（从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现，不能用can。）
I hope he can do that.（本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替。）
例：（2018·山东青岛中考）Larry hopes ______ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.
to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving
C【解析】考查动词的用法辨析。句意:拉里希望提高他的英语水平，因此他每天坚持练习。hope的用法是后面接to do不定式做宾语，所以排除B和 D两项;根据句意可知“提高英语水平”，所以用“improve”。故选C。
4. hurt,injure与 harm
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上、感情上的伤害。
注意：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神
上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指身体的“伤害”或“受伤”;harm多指主观故意的“伤害，危害”或“破坏，损害”。
如：He fell and hurt his leg.
Smoking seriously harmed his health.
Several children were injured in the accident.
5. join,take part in,join in与attend
join和 join in 二者都有“参加”的意思，但用法有所不同。
join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员。
join in指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等。
take part in=join in；
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用。
attend常指参加或出席正式的活动或场合，如婚礼，会议等。
如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
Will you take part in the English evening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？
May I join in the game?我可以参加这个比赛吗？
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他没有参加会议。
【拓展】 join sb.in sth./doing sth.与某人一起做某事。
6. leave,leave for与leave...for
leave离开(某处)；遗忘，丢下；留下
leave…for 离开（某地）去（某地）
leave for 到……地方去
如：leave keys at home.把钥匙落在家里
leave Shanghai for Beijing 离开上海去北京
leave for Beijing去北京
【拓展】
（1）leave alone 不理,不管（惹）,不烦扰,不干涉。
如：Leave her alone! Do you hear me? 别惹她！听见了吗？
（2）leave to 将……交给(某人)处理；把(某人)留给(某人)安排。
如：Leave the boy to his mother.把男孩留给他母亲管。
7. look，see,read,watch
look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用；
see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”；
watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于“观看（电视、看球赛）”等；
read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。
如：How many birds can you see in the tree?
Look at the blackboard,please.
Do you watch TV at night?
I like reading at home.
8. look（at）,feel,hear,listen（to）,see,watch，notice
（1）feel/see/hear… + sb.+ do sth.“感觉到/看到/听到……某人做某事”，表示所感受到的动作已经发生或完成，表示动作的完整性或经常性，强调结果。
（2）feel/see/ hear… + sb.+ doing sth.“感觉到/看到/听到……某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
如：I saw him come into the classroom.（动作已完成）
I saw them playing football on the playground.（动作正在进行）
【注意】在feel/see/ hear + sb.+ do sth.这个结构变为被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式符号to，即be felt/seen/heard… to do sth.
如：I often heard him sing this song.→He is often heard to sing this song.
【拓展】使役动词have,let,make也符合这种规则，
make sb.do sth.让某人做某事→sb.be made to do sth.某人被要求/被迫做某事
9. look for，find与find out
find意为“找到、发现”，强调的是找的结果；
look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作；
find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”或“查明”一件事情，其
后的宾语常常是某个情况。
如：He didn’t find his bike.他没找到他的自行车。
He is looking for his shoes.他在找他的鞋子。
Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。
10. look after,take care of与care for
(1)take care of,look after,care for都能作“照顾、照料”解，可以互相替换。
如：She stayed at home and took care of /looked after/cared for her mother yesterday.
(2)care for 接物时多表示“想要，喜欢”，相当于like 或 be fond of。
如：I don’t much care for/ be fond of sweets.
Would you care for/like some more tea?
(3)take good care of和look after…well意义相同，都是“好好照料、好好照顾”的意思。
如：The nurses took good care of the children.＝The nurses looked after the children well.
(4)take care of有“保管、保护”的意思，look after没有。
如：Children must take good care of their eyes.≠Children must look after their eyes well.
(5)take care 单独用表示“当心； 注意”。
如：Take care not to leave anything behind.
11. may be与maybe
（1）maybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
（2）在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。
（3）maybe和may be可相互转换。副词 maybe 可单独用作答语，但 may be不能这样用。
如：You may be right.= Maybe you are right.你或许是对的。
12. point to,point at与point out
point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象。
point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。
point out表示的是给某人指示方向、要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。
如：Don’t point at the words while you are reading.
He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said，“That’s my home.”
The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.
13.provide与offer
provide提供，供应，供给（有用的或必需的物品）。常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide
sth.for sb.的固定搭配。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的固定搭配。
offer help to sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb.a good salary给某人高工资。
例：(2018·江苏泰州) Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always ______ guests with better service.
A. prevent B. protect C. present D. provide
D 考查动词。句意：许多游客宁愿选五星级旅馆，因为他们认为昂贵的旅馆一直为客人提供更好的服务。表示“为某人提供某物”，应用provide sb with sth或provide sth for sb。故选D。
14.put on，wear,dress与in
（1）辨析：
wear
v.穿着，戴着（衣服，鞋，帽，围巾，眼镜），表示穿的状态。
如：We wear sunglasses in summer.
put on
v.穿上，戴上（衣服，鞋，帽，围巾），表示穿的动作。
如：He put on the coat and ran out.
dress
v.表穿的动作，也表示打扮，后面常接人。
如：The child can dress himself.
in
prep.人作主语，后接衣服或颜色。
如：Do you know the boy in red?
（2） 其他用法与搭配：
put on其反义词组是take off“脱下”。 put on 还表示增加体重，发胖；take off也可表示飞机起飞。
get dressed 穿/戴好；dress up(as)装扮（成）
be dressed in = be in = be wearing
15. raise，rise， increase
作不及物动词，当rise 作“(数量)上升，增长，上涨”时，与increase同义，两者可
以互换。
如：Tourist trips of all kinds in Britain rose/increased by 10.5% between 1977 and 1987.
（2）rise还可以指位置的升高等。
如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
He rises （=raise himself） from the seat.（站起来）
作及物动词，raise与increase作 “增加；提高”讲时，两者同义，可以互换。
increase 着重点在表达数据、数值的增大，而raise此外还可表示质量、标准的提高。
如：The workers want to increase/raise their incomes.
The living standard of the people in Shanghai has been raised in the last 10 years.
raise只作及物动词，除上述含义外，还有“培养，饲养，举起，筹集”等含义。
如：raise your hand举起你的手；raise a pet cat饲养一只宠物猫；raise money 筹款；筹募。
【拓展】其他同、近义词还有improve提高，改进，改善；add增加；补充。
如：improve one’s health增进健康；add a 10 percent service charge加收10％的服务费。
（5）词形变化：rise → 过去式rose →过去分词risen。
（6）increase to 表示“增加到”；increase by表示“增加了”，注意区分。
如：The population of this town has increased by 5 percent.(增长了)
The population of our country has increased to 1.3 billion.(增长到)
16.receive，accept
receive强调“收到、接到”这一动作;accept强调立场上的结果，表“领受、接受”意义。
如：I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。
I received his gift but I didn’t accept it.我收到了他的礼物，但我没有接受。
17.speak,say,talk与tell
speak强调单方的“说”或“讲”。作不及物动词时，指说话的能力和方式；作及物
词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。
如：Jim speaks Chinese pretty well.
May I speak to Jack?
talk的意思是“谈话，谈论”，强调双方“交谈”，一般用作不及物动词，与介词to或
with连用，表示“与……交谈”。当谈及关于某人或某事时，后接介词about。
如：Peter and Ken are talking on the phone.
（3）say意为“说出”，“说过”，强调说话的内容，也可与to连用。
如：Mr.Lee often says “hello” to us with a smile.
Can you say the word in English?
tell意为“讲述”，“告诉”，作及物动词时，指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续诉
说之意。常用于tell sb.about sth.“告诉某人关于某事”及tell sb.（not）to do sth.“告
诉某人（不要）去做某事”结构。
如：Can you tell me something about your pen friend?
【拓展】与“tell sb.（not）to do sth.告诉某人（不要）去做某事”有相似的用法的结构还有：
ask sb.（not）to do sth.要求某人（不要）去做某事
order sb.（not）to do sth.命令某人（不要）去做某事
18.spend,cost,take与pay
主语
搭配
spend
主语是人
spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）
(2)spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事
cost
主语是物或事
sth.costs (sb.) money 某物花了（某人）多少钱
take
主语 it
it takes sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间
pay
主语是人
pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买……
(2)pay for sth.为某物付款
如：(1)I spent an hour finishing my homework yesterday.
= I spent an hour on my homework yesterday.
= It took them an hour to finish my homework yesterday.
(2)Jack spent 30 yuan on this book.
= Jack spent 30 yuan ( in ) buying this book.
= This book cost Jack 30 yuan.
=Jack paid 30 yuan for this book.
例1：（2018?四川泸州)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.
A. pays B. costs C. spends D. takes
B 考查动词辨析。句意：光从太阳到地球需要大约8分钟的时间。此处是句类型：It takes time to do sth. 的搭配，A. pays用人做主语，B. costs用物做主语，主要用于花钱方面，C. spends也是用人做主语。故这三项都不符合。故选B。
例2：(2018·新疆)30. —Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
—Thank you. It _______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：—哇，你的毛衣很漂亮！多少钱？—谢谢你。它花了我30美元。spend表示某人花费多少时间或金钱做某事，结构为Sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.；paid表示某人为某物而付款，结构为Sb. pays (some money) for sth.；cost表示某物价值多少钱或某物花费某人多少钱，结构为Sth. costs (sb.) some money；take表示某人花费多少时间做某事，结构为It takes sb. some time to do sth. 由空格后面的me 30 dollars及主语it可知答案为C。
19. turn on,turn off,turn up与turn down
turn on 打开（电器等）；turn off 关闭（电器等）；turn up 调高（音量等）；turn down 调低（音量等）。
on,off,up,down均为副词，后接代词时，应放在两词中间；如果接名词，可放两词中间，也可以两词后面。
【拓展】类似词组：
get on 上车； get off下车； put on穿衣；take off脱下。
例：(2018福建A卷) 33. Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ______ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
B 考查固定短语辨析。句意：奶奶想看《今日说法》这个节目，请打开电视。turn off关闭，turn on打开，turn down调低。由句意可知，奶奶想看电视，因此需要打开电视。故选B。
answer，reply
两者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 属常用词，多用于一般性应答,其后可以直接跟名
词或代词作宾语;而 reply 则较正式，多指经过考虑而做出答复，后接名词或代词作宾
语时，要在名词或动词前用介词 to，但在接句子作宾语时不用介词to。
如： He replied that he had changed his mind.
He didn’t answer /reply to my question.
(2)answer 除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听(电话)或对门铃等声响做出反应等(常
与 telephone,door,bell,door?bell 等连用)。但 reply 不能这样用。
如：Who answered the telephone?
(3)两者除用作动词外，都可用作名词。要表示“对……的回答(答复，答案)”等，其后
均接介词 to(不用 of)。
如：Have you had an answer to your letter?
I received no reply to my request.
【拓展】与the answer to the question 类似的用法还有：
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to the hospital （去）医院的路
21.arrive,get,reach
arrive in 表示到达的地点范围较大（即大地点），eg: arrive in Beijing。
arrive at 表示到达的地点较小（即小地点），eg: arrive at school（the airport）。
reach和get to没有地点限制，大小地点都可用，后面直接跟宾语。eg: get to school。
另外reach还可表示 “接触到，够到”的意思。
如： I can’t reach that book on the shelf。
get和arrive如果后面跟地点副词，则不用加介词。
如： get /arrive there/here/home。
22.beat，win
beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队。
win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛或名次。
如：We won the match/game/race/the first place.
We beat their team by 5∶4.
borrow,lend，keep
意思
搭配
borrow
借进，借过（瞬间动词， 不可以和延续性的时间状语连用）
borrow…from…
lend
借出;借给……（瞬间动词，不可以和延续性的时间状语连用）
lend…to…
keep
持有、保持（延续性动词，可以接延续性的时间状语）
可以用来回答how long 引导的疑问句
如： borrow a book from library.
I lent my bike to Jack yesterday.
You can keep that book for two weeks.
bring,take,carry，fetch
take
“拿走，带到”，指把某物（人）从说话处带到别处，由近及远。
bring
“拿来，带来”，指把某物（人）从别处带到说话处，由远及近，与take方向相反。
carry
“提，拿，运”，不强调方向，但有负重之感。
get/fetch
“拿来，取来”，相当于go and bring,指取了东西或带人再回来。强调动作的往返。get 多用于口语，fetch多用于书面语。
如：get me a book给我拿一本书来
take me to the hospital带我去医院
help me carry the box帮我搬箱子
bring me some water给我拿点水来
【固定搭配】
It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人做某事花费多长时间。
Take it easy.别担心，放松。
It takes time （to do）.需要时间（做）。
【注意】词形填空等考查bring与take的不规则过去式和过去分词形式。
bring—brought—brought take —took —taken
25. buy与sell
buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物
sell sb.sth.= sell sth.to sb.卖给某人某物
如：He sold the old book to me.
【注意】(1)过去式和过去分词：buy→ bought→ bought； sell→ sold→sold
（2）词性：sell （v.） →sale （n.）
sale，名词，“销售，大减价促销”。on sale销售(打过折后的销售价)，大减价；for sale待售(没减价的销售价)。
26. deal with与do with
（1） do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等；deal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。
（2）do with侧重对象，deal with侧重方式、方法。
（3） do with 常与连接代词 what 连用。而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用。
如：I don’t know how they deal with the problem.
= I don’t know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，还治其人之身。
We are difficult to do with the new comer.我们很难与新来的那个人相处。
【拓展】have nothing to do with与……无关
have something to do with 与……有关
have a lot to do with与……有很大关系
27.forget，leave
forget是忘记了什么东西或事情。
表示把东西放在某地忘拿了，要用动词 leave,不能用forget。
如：I left my bag on the bus.
Once when we were going to Paris,I forgot my passport.
例：（2018·山东青岛中考）— I can’t find my mobile phone.
— Don’t worry. Maybe you ______ it at home.
forgot B. missed C. lost D. left
D【解析】考查动词的用法辨析。句意:——我找不到我的手机了。——别担心。或许你把它落在家里了。由答语中at home可知，手机落在家里了，因此用left it at home； 而forgot表示“忘记……”时不能与表示地点的词语连用；missed“错过”；lost“丢失”均与此处语境不符。故选D。
forget,remember
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（未做）；
forget doing sth.忘记以前曾经做过某事（事已做）。
remember to do sth.是记着要去做某事（未做）；
remember doing sth是记着做过某事（事已做）
如：Sorry,I forgot to bring the book.（忘了带书）
I forgot borrowing a book from you.（忘记曾经借过书）
【拓展】类似用法还有：
stop to do停下（手头的事情）去做另外一件事；stop doing sth.停止做某事。
regret to do后悔去做某事；regret doing后悔做过某事。
try to do努力去做某事；try doing试着做某事。
continue to do继续做另一件事情；continue doing继续做同一件事。
29. happen 与take place
两词均为不及物动词。
happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。
take place 表示(某事)按计划进行或按计划的“发生”。
如：When did the earthquake happen？（发生）
He happened to know the place.（碰巧）
Great changes have taken place in China since 1976.（发生）
【拓展】take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”,意指某种活动发生在某地。
如：The Olympic Games of 2016 will take place in Brazil.
hold也有“举行，举办”之意，但主语一般是人或地点。如hold a meeting/party等。
happen 与take place均不能用于被动语态。即只能说sth.happens/takes place，不能说sth.is happened/taken place。
如：（误）A traffic accident was happened this morning.
（正）A traffic accident happened this morning.
30. have been to,have gone to
(1)have(has)been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了；可与just,ever,never等连用；后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
(2)have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场。一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
如：Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。
—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
例：（2018·四川自贡）27. —Is that Mr. Wang in the classroom?
—It can’t be him. He ______ the village to be a volunteer.
A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to
C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意： —那是王老师在教室里吗？—不可能是他，他到村里去当志愿者了。has been in 已经在某处，并且现在还在那里，可能还要延续下去； have gone to去了某地，但是到目前为止还没有回来；have been to 去过某地，人已经回来。根据句意可知王老师已经去了，还没有回来。故选C。
动词分类及动词辨析专项练习
实义动词辨析
1. (2018天津)Don't ________ any more time, or we will miss the meeting.
A. save B. trust C. waste D. love
2. (2018重庆B卷)You must be more careful and ________ the same mistakes you've ever made.
A. plan B. follow C. avoid D. enjoy
3. (2018 安徽)For our own safety, it's important to________ the traffic rules on the way to school.
A. follow B. change C. make D. break
4. (2018河南)My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't ________ to see them after several months away from home.
A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford
5. (2018山西)In our life, we need to ________ those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.
A. thank B. remind C. teach
6. (2018南京)Can you help me ________ those exercise books? I got a different number each time.
A. carry B. move C. write D. count
7. (2018武汉)—Come home before dinner time, Peter!
—I ________， Mom.
A. promise B. guess C. wish D. admire
8. (2018武汉)—Her father tried to ________ that nothing unusual had happened.
—In fact, it was not serious.
A. imagine B. pretend C. mean D. warn
9. (2018大连)Tom and Jerry are very funny. I can't help ________ when I watch them.
A. singing B. laughing C. sleeping D. talking
10. (2018呼和浩特)—Did you watch the football game yesterday?
—Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse. Nobody ________ him to go so far.
A. wanted B. encouraged C. expected D. hoped
11. (2018连云港)Attention, please! The last award will be ________ to the best singer of the year—Coco Lee.
A. lent B. introduced C. donated D. presented
12. (2018漳州)As students, we ought to ________ the act of cheating in the exams.
A. provide B. prefer C. prevent
13. (2018达州)—I've no idea where to go next month.
—Why not ________ visiting Beijing? There are so many places of interest there.
A. suggest B. wonder C. consider D. regard
14. (2018威海)Their football team was________ in that important game.
A. won B. beaten C. failed
15. (2018无锡)As the story________， the secret of the castle is discovered little by little.
A. ends B. begins C. develops D. happens
16. (2018荆州)—My English is so weak. Can you help me, Gina?
—Practice more and the most important is to ________ a good habit of reading.
A. make B. complete C. develop D. show
17. (2018孝感)Don't ________ the chance when you can catch it, or you will regret.
A. guess B. miss C. remember D. allow
18. (2018襄阳)—Where is Xi's Family Garden(习家池)?
—It ________ 5 km.south to the Old City of Xiangyang.
A. lies B. lives C. lays D. lists
19. (2018宜昌)—If you always ________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.
—I agree. We should believe in ourselves.
A. compare B. communicate C. create D. consider
20. (2018泰安)—How is George now?
—I hear the manager ________ him a good job, but he refused it.
A. showed B. offered C. passed D. paid
21. (2018宜昌)—Food safety has become a social focus now.
—That's why laws are made to ________ crimes on food.
A. record B. prevent C. divide D. separate
22. (2018沈阳)We talked about the problem and Tim ________ doing some research first.
A. finished B. enjoyed C. suggested D. practised
23. (2018葫芦岛)—I have no plan for the vacation.
—Why don't you relax and ________ the countryside?
A. enjoy B. paint C. love D. develop
24. (2018东营)“重要的事情说三遍。”can be translated into“Important things must be ________ again and again and again.”．
A. spoken B. repeated C. described D. introduced
连系动词辨析
1. (2018天津)—Would you like to try some pizza?
—Yes, please. It ________ lovely and ________ nice.
A. sounds; sees B. hears; turns C. looks; smells D. sounds; watches
2. (2018重庆A卷)When spring comes, trees begin to________ green.
A. sound B. taste C. keep D. turn
3. (2018河北)The air ________ fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A. feels B. tastes C. smells D. sounds
4. (2018德阳)—Do you know the song Where has the time gone?
—Yes. It ________ beautiful. I like it very much.
A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. looks
5. (2018郴州)—The oranges ________ sweet.
—Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou.
A. taste B. eat C. drink
6. (2018东营)—Good morning. I'd like a birthday gift for my mother.
—What about this scarf? It is beautiful and it ________ soft and smooth.
A. feels B. looks C. seems D. becomes
7. (2018泉州)—3-D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.
—It ________ amazing. It's my first time to get to know this.
A. sounds B. smells C. tastes
近义动词辨析
1. (2018绥化)When he ________ school, he saw his classmates playing volleyball.
A. arrived B. got to C. reach
2. (2018贵港)—When will Mr.Green ________ Beijing?
—In a week.
A. reach B. get C. arrive D. come
3. (2018扬州)—What will the phone ________？
—The same as you said, eight hundred dollars each.
A. spend B. cost C. pay D. afford
4. (2018临沂)Before stamps, people didn't ________ for the letters they sent, but for the letters they received.
A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take
5. (2018绥化)It will ________ the workers ten days to finish all the work.
A. take B. spend C. pay
6. (2018荆门)—Could you ________ me your bike, Tom?
—OK. And you can ________ it for a week.
A. lend; keep B. borrow; lend C. lend; borrow D. borrow; keep
7. (2018铜仁)—How long can I ________ this book?
—Five days. But you must return it on time.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept
同一动词＋不同介词/副词
look短语
1. (2018河南)Almost every university now has a website which allows us to ________ the information about it.
A. look at B. look after C. look around D. look through
2. (2018兰州)You can ________ new words in your e-dictionary.
A. look up B. look at C. look for D. look around
3. (2018 南宁)—What's the meaning of “secretary”？
—Let me ________ the word in the dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
4. (2018绵阳)My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A. look for B. look at C. look up D. look after
5. (2018资阳)Tim, we're going to Beijing for vacation, please ________ some information on line.
A. look for B. look out C. look after D. look up
6. (2018 贵港)—Why do you ________ Bill?
—Because he is a hero.
A. look up to B. look up C. look through D. look like
put短语
7. (2018淮安)It's cold outside, Sandy. You'd better ________ your coat to keep warm.
A. put up B. put out C. put on D. put away
8. (2018泰州)Firemen in Jingjiang, together with those from other areas, successfully ________ the big fire after sixteen hours' hard work.
A. put in B. put through C. put up D. put out
9. (2018永州)The school sports meeting will be________ because of the heavy rain.
A. put up B. put on C. put off
10. (2018襄阳)—Oh, my god. I ________ 2 kg.this month.
—Don't worry. It's normal for a growing teenage girl.
A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down
11. (2018滨州)—We can't ________ making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.
—Yes, I think so.
A. put on B. put up C. put out D. put off
12. (2018齐齐哈尔)Here are your gloves, please________．
A. put them away B. put it away C. put away them
13. (2018武汉)—Jason, would you please ________ this notice?
—With pleasure.
A. put on B. put off C. put up D. put out
turn短语
14. (2018岳阳)It's time for I'm a Singer, please ________ the TV.
A. turn on B. turn off C. open
5. (2018西宁)Please ________ the water when you brush your teeth.
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn on D. turn up
16. (2018攀枝花)Would you please________ your MP3 a little? Your baby sister is sleeping.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn in
17. (2018黄冈)—Would you like to attend the farewell party next week, Mr. Huang?
—Sure, I'd love to. I have no reason to________ your invitation.
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
18. (2018临沂)Pick up your pen and draw your own invention. Maybe it will be ________ a real product one day!
A. turned on B. turned down C. turned off D. turned into
其他常考短语
19. (2018齐齐哈尔)It's time for class, but the bell didn't________．
A. go on B. go off C. go through
20. (2018株洲)My best friend helps to ________ the best in me, as the saying goes.
A. bring out B. bring in C. bring up
21. (2018青岛)Our country is taking action to ________ air pollution.
A. cut down B. cut up C. cut out D. cut off
22. (2018济宁)Huang Xiaoming and Angelababy________over 10，000，000 yuan to help the poor in 2018.
A. gave up B. gave off C. gave out D. gave away
23. (2018朝阳)—You are too busy on weekends. You need to relax yourself, Dave!
—You are right! I have to ________ a few of my activities.
A. cut off B. cut down C. cut up D. cut out
24. (2018哈尔滨)As middle school students, we should ________to protecting our school environment.
A. make a contribution B. make a decision
C. make progress
25. (2018曲靖)Several earthquakes have ________ around the world in 2018.
A. taken care of B. taken place C. taken a rest D. taken away
26. (2018铜仁)Where is Moutai ________？
—In Guizhou China.
A. made of B. made from C. made in D. made by
27. (2018云南)As long as all the Chinese people pull together, our China Dream will ________．
A. come true B. come out C. come up D. come down
不同动词＋同一介词/副词
up短语
1. (2018德阳)My friend plans to ________ her job and go to America for further study.
A. cheer up B. clean up C. pick up D. give up
2. (2018泰安)—Don't ________ too late; you will feel tired in class.
—I won't, Mum.
A. call up B. wake up C. stay up D. get up
3. (2018泸州)You should________ smoking. It's really bad for your health.
A. put up B. give up C. get up D. set up
4. (2018荆州)—Why are you feeling sleepy all the time?
—Because I ________ late watching the film Kung Fu Panda Ⅲ last night.
A. stayed up B. cheered up C. gave up D. took up
5. (2018荆门)—Mum, I have nothing to do in my free time but homework.
—My dear, you should ________ a hobby like drawing or taking photos.
A. take up B. make up C. set up D. put up
6. (2018吉林)Many parents have to ________ early to make breakfast for their kids.
A. get up B. stay up C. give up
out短语
7. (2018河北)We need to do some research to ________ the answer.
A. find out B. look out C. hand out D. take out
8. (2018呼和浩特)—Jack, could you help me ________ when the plane will take off on the Internet?
—I'm sorry, but my computer doesn't work.
A. get out B. look out C. take out D. find out
9. (2018连云港)—The fire ________ at around 3 a．m. local time when people were celebrating with fireworks.
—I'm sorry to hear it.
A. broke out B. ran out C. went out D. put out
10. (2018无锡)If the weather________ to be rainy, we may have to cancel the sports meeting.
A. runs out B. breaks out C. finds out D. turns out
11. (2018泰州)The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never ________．
A. come out B. put out C. carry out D. run out
on短语
12. (2018重庆B卷)—It's getting dark. Could you please ________ the light for me?
—All right. Just a minute.
A. keep on B. turn on C. try on D. put on
13. (2018漳州)Once they find people in need, they'll ________ proper ways to offer them help.
A. put on B. get on C. decide on
14. (2018扬州)You can't ________ the weather being fine when you plan a day out in England.
A. turn on B. try on C. carry on D. depend on
off短语
15. (2018广东)Martin and Susan ________ for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.
A. put off B. fell off C. set off D. kept off
16. (2018郴州)—Mrs.White, can I leave my homework for tomorrow?
—I'm afraid not. Don't ________ what you can do today till tomorrow.
A. put off B. get off C. take off
17. (2018南充)You're supposed to ________ your shoes before you enter the room.
A. take off B. put off C. get off D. turn off
18. (2018徐州)We should save energy by ________ the lights when we leave a room.
A. getting off B. showing off C. taking off D. turning off
其他常考短语
19. (2018福州)—Why are you late for school today?
—I'm sorry. I didn't catch the early bus and I had to ________ the next one.
A. wait for B. ask for C. care for
20. (2018宿迁)Wearing white can help people ________ when they feel stressed.
A. calm down B. write down C. break down D. turn down
21. (2018苏州)If the customer rings up for me again, please ________ the call to the sales department.
A. run through B. look through C. go through D. put through
22. (2018镇江)—Which would you like to read, paper books or e-books?
—My parents only allow me to read paper books. They ________ my eyes.
A. talk about B. hear about C. learn about D. worry about
不同动词＋不同介词/副词
1. (2018天津)Peter will ________ you ________ the building and you can meet everyone.
A. lend; to B. show; around C. compare; with D. brush; off
2. (2018重庆A卷)A true friend will never________ from you when you're in trouble.
A. take away B. run away C. put off D. get off
3. (2018安徽)Taking some exercise every day will________ fat and make you fit.
A. turn to B. sell out C. burn off D. put on
4. (2018南京)It took me almost a whole day to ________ so many emails.
A. deal with B. cut in C. cheer for D. run out
5. (2018武汉)—Why did she ________ your invitation?
—Because she had an important meeting to attend that day.
A. turn down B. put away C. look up D. hand in
6. (2018成都)It's windy outside. ________ your jacket, Bob. Don't catch a cold.
A. try on B. put on C. take off
7. (2018大连)Don't ride too fast, David. ________ the risk of an accident.
A. Take away B. Write about C. Think about D. Try out
8. (2018青海)—Would you please help me ________ the invitations to all my friends?
—Sure. You'd better let me know their phone numbers.
A. make up B. clean out C. give out
9. (2018西宁)—How do you like this speech?
—I like it very much and it can ________ me ________ to achieve my dream.
A. cheer; up B. connect; with C. let; down D. take; up
10. (2018黄冈)—You aren't supposed to smoke in public. It's bad for our health.
—Sorry, I will________ my cigarette right now.
A. give up B. put down C. put out D. give away
11. (2018烟台)—May I speak to Mr. Smith?
—________， please. Here he comes.
A. Hang out B. Pick up C. Take up D. Hold on
12. (2018自贡)This restaurant ________ people ________ delicious food.
A. provides; for B. offers; to C. provides; with
13. (2018德州)—Who ________ your pet dogs while you were out for a holiday?
—My neighbor, a warm-hearted woman.
A. put on B. looked after C. gave up D. turned off
14. (2018威海)—Miss Li, could you please help me________ this math problem?
—OK. Let me try.
A. look up B. work out C. set up
15. (2018达州)—Have you heard of the song “Where did the time go”？
—Yes. It often ________ the old days and love of my family when I hear it.
A. puts us down B. reminds us of C. shows us off D. helps us out
16. (2018天水)—What do you think of the speech given by Chairman Xi Jinping in the UN?
—It's very exciting. His speech ________ getting foreign friends' appreciation.
A. succeeded in B. looked down C. gave up D. came about
17. (2018随州)—Don't ________ late, Betty.You have to go to school early tomorrow.
—OK, Mom. I'll go to bed right now.
A. put up B. stay up C. sit down D. fall down
18. (2018泉州)We teenagers should ________ the old and offer our seats to them on buses.
A. laugh at B. depend on C. care for
19. (2018东营)On my way home, I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then ________ the police.
A. called up B. cared for C. cheered up D. found out
20. (2018抚顺)You'd better ________ your coat. It's hot inside the room.
A. take away B. take off C. put on D. put away
21. (2018葫芦岛) —Could you ________ the apples, please?
—Of course. I'll get a knife first.
A. look for B. hand out C. give away D. cut up
答案与解析
实义动词辨析
1.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要任何更多的时间，否则我们将会错过会议。save节省；trust信任；waste浪费；love热爱。根据后面的“否则我们将会错过会议”可知此处是浪费，故选C。
5.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的生活当中，我们需要那些帮助我们的人，例如我们的父母、老师和朋友。thank感谢；remind提醒；teach教。根据常识可知要感谢帮助过我们的人。故选A。
10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“昨天你看足球赛了吗？”“我看了。约翰的确是一匹黑马。没有人他会走这么远。”wanted想，想要；encouraged鼓励；expected预料，期望；hoped希望。根据语境可知大家对于约翰的表现应该是没有预料到。故选C。
11.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：请注意！最后一项大奖要本年度最佳歌手——李玟。lend借出；introduce介绍；donate捐赠；present授予。根据常识，此处指将大奖“授予”某人。故选D。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“我的英语很不好。你能帮助我吗，吉娜？”“多练习，最重要的是要 一个良好的阅读习惯。”make制作；complete完成；develop发展，养成；show展示。develop a habit of养成……的习惯，符合语境，故选C。
20.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“乔治现在怎么样了？”“我听说经理给他一份不错的工作，但是他拒绝了。”showed 展示；offered 提供；passed 传递；paid 支付。根据后半句“but he refused it”可知经理给乔治提供了一份不错的工作。故选B。
21.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“食品安全现在已经成了一个社会焦点。”“那就是为什么制定法律来 食品犯罪。”record记录；prevent阻止；divide划分；separate使分离。根据句意和常识可知，法律是阻止犯罪的，故选B。
连系动词辨析
1.C【解析】考查感官动词辨析。句意“你想尝试一些披萨吗？”“是的。它好看并且香。”sounds听起来；sees看；hears听；turns变得；looks看起来；smells闻起来；watches观看。根据常识可知看起来好看，闻起来香。故选C。
7.A【解析】考查感官动词辨析。句意“3-D打印技术可以被用来在不到24个小时内建造一个房子。”“这 太神奇了，我从未听说过。”此处表达听起来很神奇，故选A。
近义动词辨析
4.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：在邮票出现以前，人们不用为他们寄出去的信付钱，但是会为他们收到的信付钱。pay 花费，常用在pay for sth.中；cost花费，主语通常是物；spend花费，常用在spend time/money on/(in) doing sth.中；take花费，常用在it takes sb.some time/money to do sth.句型中。根据空格后“for”可知用pay。故选A。
同一动词＋不同介词/副词
1.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在几乎每个大学都有一个允许我们它的信息的网站。look at看；look after照顾；look around环顾；look through快速查看，浏览。根据句意可知选D。
2.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可以在你的电子词典上 生词。look up查找，查阅；look at看；look for寻找；look around四周观望。根据语境可知，应该是在电子词典上查找生词。故选A。
7.C【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：桑迪，外面冷。你最好外套保暖。put up举起，搭起；put out生产，伸出；put on穿上，戴上；put away放好，收拾好。从第一分句推知，这里说的是“你最好穿上外套保暖”。故选C。
11.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“我们不能制定计划。大扫除日从现在开始只有两周时间了。”“是的，我也这么认为。”put on穿上；put up张贴；put out扑灭；put off推迟。根据句意可知是不能推迟制定计划了。故选D。
12.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是你的手套。请。put away 是“动词＋副词”词组，宾格代词必须放中间，再根据gloves是复数形式。故选A。
17.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“黄老师，您想要参加下周的告别晚会吗？”“当然，我很愿意。我没有理由你(们)的邀请。”turn down调小，拒绝；turn off关闭；turn up调大；turn on打开。根据“Sure, I'd love to.”可知选A。
22.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：黄晓明和Angelababy在2018年为那些贫穷的人了超过10000000元。gave up放弃；gave off发出，放出；gave out分发；gave away捐赠。结合句意知选D。
23.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“你周末太忙了。你需要好好放松自己，戴夫！”“你说得对！我必须一些活动。”cut off中断(电话通话)，打断(某人并阻止其讲话)，砍掉，切掉；cut down砍倒，削减/减少(尺寸、数量或数目)；cut up切碎；cut out突然熄火，剪下，删除。此处指削减活动的数量，用cut down，故选B。
不同动词＋同一介词/副词
1.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我朋友计划她的工作，然后去美国深造学习。cheer up振作起来；clean up清理；pick up捡起，拾起；give up放弃。分析句意，去美国深造需要放弃现在的工作，故选D。
6.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很多家长不得不给孩子们做早饭。get up起床；stay up熬夜；give up放弃。根据句中“make breakfast for their kids”可知家长们要早起，故选A。
7. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们需要做一些调查来答案。find out找出；look out注意，小心；hand out分发；take out拿出。此处指通过做调查来找出答案。故选A。
12.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“天黑了。你能帮我灯吗？”“好的。稍等一下。”keep on继续；turn on打开(电源)；try on试穿；put on穿上。天黑了，因此开灯符合语境。故选B。
18.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该通过离开房间时灯来节约能源。getting off下车；showing off炫耀；taking off离开，起飞；turning off关掉。关灯用turn off，故选D。
19.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“你今天为什么上学迟到了？”“对不起。我没有赶上早班车，我只好下一辆。” wait for等待；ask for寻求；care for照顾。根据语境可知选A。
不同动词＋不同介词/副词
1.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得将你这栋大楼，你能见到每个人。lend...to把……借给；show...around带……四处转转；compare...with把……和……作比较；brush off不予理睬……。根据后面“你能见到每个人”可知此处是带你四处转转，故选B。
7.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要骑这么快，大卫。出事故的危险。Take away拿走，带走；Write about写到；Think about考虑；Try out试验，尝试。联系后半句可知此处指要考虑到出事故的危险。故选C。
8.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“你愿意帮我邀请函给我的所有朋友吗？”“当然。你最好让我知道他们的电话号码。”make up编造，化妆；clean out清理；give out分发。根据语境可知“分发邀请函”。故选C。
13.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“你外出度假时谁你的宠物狗？”“我的邻居，她是一位热心的妇女。”put on穿上；looked after照看，照料；gave up放弃；turned off关闭。结合空后的“pet dogs”可知邻居帮忙照看宠物狗，故选B。
17.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“贝蒂，不要晚了。你明天得早点去上学。”“好的，妈妈。我马上就上床睡觉。”put up张贴；stay up熬夜；sit down 坐下来；fall down掉下来，跌倒。由下文“go to bed right now”可知选B。
课件117张PPT。中考英语复习
——动词分类及辨析考点一 动词分类实义动词
实义动词能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
(1)动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)(2)动词＋宾语＋宾补
We call her Linda.我们叫她琳达。
【注意】
接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,see,watch,have,hear,notice等。(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
My friend often gives me some old books.
我的朋友经常给我一些旧书。
【注意】
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,buy,tell,write,read,teach,bring,get,leave,pass,offer,lend,return,serve等。2.不及物动词
(1)不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He listened but could not hear.他留神听，但没有听见。(listen后无宾语，为不及物动词)
(2)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。(3)有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)连系动词
1．连系动词大致可以分为下面六类：
(1)状态系动词只有be一词，be意为“是，在，存在，成为”。
She is always like that.她总是那样。
(2)持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
The door stood open.门开着。(3)表象系动词表示“看起来好像”，主要有look, seem, appear等。
She looked a little tired.她看起来有点疲倦。
(4)感官系动词表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。
This skirt feels soft.这条裙子摸起来很柔软。(5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer in spring.
春天天气越来越暖和，白天越来越长。
(6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out等， 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。
His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的。助动词
1.do/does/did的用法
(1)助动词do无具体意义,主要用于协助实义动词构成一般现在时、一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。
Do you get up early every day?你每天起得早吗?
She didn’t go there last week.
上周她没有去那儿。(2)构成否定祈使句。
Don’t be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。
(3)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.我确实想你。2.助动词have/has/had的用法
have作助动词,和动词的过去分词、现在分词一起构成完成时、完成进行时和完成时的被动语态。have有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has,过去式为had。其具体用法如下:He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。
I have been studying English.我一直在学英语。
The trees have already been planted.树已经被栽完了。【注意】 常见的助动词还有will,shall,would,should等。
①作助动词时,will,shall与动词原形连用构成一般将来时;would,should与动词原形连用构成过去将来时。shall和should用于第一人称I和we;will和would用于各种人称。
②will,would,shall,should除了作助动词表示单纯的将来时态外,也用作情态动词。情态动词
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。(详见情态动词课件）
考点二 动词基本形式
1.第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。2.现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化②不规则变化需单独记忆。考点三 动词短语的类别-26-以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。
1.动词+介词。这类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后。在被动语态中,整个短语要作为整体看待,不可拆开或漏缺。
Listen to the music.听音乐。
Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。-27-【注意】 常用的动介短语有:
apply for 申请
think of 想起,想出
break into 闯入
pay for 为……付款
wait for 等待
contribute to 有助于
hear of 听说
laugh at 嘲笑-28-2.动词+副词。接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在动词后、副词前;当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。
He picked it up and gave it to her.
他把它捡起来并递给了她。
He turned on the light.他打开了灯。【注意】 常用的动副短语有:
clean up 清扫
find out 查明
hand in 递交
look up 查询
take off 起飞
use up 用完,耗尽
turn on/off/up/down 打开/关上/调高/调低【注意】 常用的动副短语有:
clean up 清扫
find out 查明
hand in 递交
look up 查询
take off 起飞
use up 用完,耗尽
turn on/off/up/down 打开/关上/调高/调低-31-3.动词+副词+介词。宾语只能放在介词之后。
They went on with the work after a short rest.
短暂休息后他们继续工作。【注意】 常用的动副介词短语有:
add up to 合计
break away from 脱离
catch up with 赶上
end up with 以……告终
live up to 达到
put up with 忍受
get along with 取得进展,与……相处-33-4.动词+名词+介词。这类短语中的名词前可以加形容词作定语,其后的宾语只能放在介词之后。
Please pay more attention to this problem!
请多加注意这个问题!【注意】 常用的动名介短语有:
catch sight of 看见
take pride in 为……感到自豪
pay attention to 注意
take part in 参加
make use of 利用
take the place of 取代
set an example to 为……树立榜样-35-5.动词+反身代词(+介词)。这类短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语。
Help yourself to the fruit.请随便吃点水果吧。
【注意】 常用的动词+反身代词(+介词)短语有:
devote oneself to 致力/专心于
help oneself to 自取/用
make oneself at home 随便,不拘束
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服考点四 动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：
第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；
第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；
第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1．同一动词的不同搭配：
(1)look短语
look after照料；照顾 look at看
look for寻找；寻求 look forward to盼望；期待
look out当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
look up to钦佩；仰慕(2)cut短语
cut down砍倒；减少 cut off切除
cut out删除；删去 cut up切碎
(3)run短语
run after追逐；追赶 run away跑开
run out (of)用尽；耗尽(4)turn短语
turn down调低；拒绝
turn up调高
turn... into变成
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
turn off关掉
turn left/right向左/右转(5)take短语
take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of照顾；处理
take down拆除；记录 take in吸入；吞入(体内)
take off脱掉；起飞 take place发生；出现
take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据(6)get短语
get dressed穿上衣服 get into陷入；参与
get lost迷路 get off下车
get on 上车 get up起床；站起
get on with和睦相处；关系良好
(7)use短语
be/get used to习惯于 be used to do被用来做……
used to曾经……；过去……
(8)give短语
give away赠送；捐赠 give out分发；散发
give up放弃 give in屈服(9)call短语
call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话
call in召来；叫来
call up打电话给(某人)；征召
(10)come短语
come true实现；成为现实
come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)(11)bring短语
bring back恢复；使想起；归还
bring out使显现；使表现出
(12)fall短语
fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着
fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
fall in love爱上；喜欢上
fall over绊倒(13)go短语
go along (the street)沿着(这条街)走
go off(闹钟)发出响声
go out外出(娱乐)
(14)make短语
make sure确保；查明
make up编造(故事、谎言等)(15)put短语
put on增加(体重)；发胖；穿上 put off推迟
put up搭起；举起；张贴 put away收拾(整理)好
put sth. to good use好好利用某物
(16)set短语
set out出发；启程 set up建起；建立（17）be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；
be different from与……不同；
be afraid of害怕；
be popular with受……欢迎；
be interested in对……感兴趣；
be strict with sb.对某人严格；
be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；
be surprised at对……惊讶；
be pleased with对……满意；
be proud of对……感到自豪；
be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；
be good for对……有好处；
be good at擅长于……；
be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；
be busy with忙于；
be full of/filled with装满……；
be late for迟到2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配：
(1)up短语
call up打电话给(某人)；征召 dress up装扮；乔装打扮
end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；装饰
clean up打扫(或清除)干净 cut up切碎
cheer up (使)变得高兴；振奋起来
give up放弃 grow up长大；成熟
hurry up赶快；急忙 look up查找；抬头看
pick up捡起；接电话 put up搭起；举起
set up建起；建立 show up赶到；露面
stay up熬夜 wake up醒；叫醒
make up编造(故事、谎言等)
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据(2)out短语
blow out吹灭 give out分发；散发
go out外出(娱乐) hand out分发
bring out使显现；使表现出 find out查明；弄清
check out检验；办理退房手续 clear out清理；丢掉
hang out闲逛；常去某处 lay out摆开；布置
run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 sell out卖光
set out出发；启程 work out成功地发展；解决
leave out不包括；不提及；忽略(3)down短语
let... down使失望 lie down躺下
pull... down拆下；摧毁 write down写下；记录下
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失(4)with短语
agree with同意；赞成
compare... with比较；对比
connect... with...把……和……连接或联系起来
deal with应付；处理
part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)3．完全不同的动词词组：
ask for请求；恳求(给予) care for照顾；非常喜欢
believe in信任；信赖 care about关心；在意
clean... off把……擦掉 depend on依靠；信赖
divide... into把……分开 separate from分开；分离
hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等throw away扔掉；抛弃 drop by顺便访问；随便进入
stick to坚持；固守 pay attention to注意；关注
pass by路过；经过 pay for付费；付出代价
prepare for为……做准备 shut off关闭；停止运转
take sb.'s place代替；替换 think of认为
pull together齐心协力；通力合作考点五 近义动词辨析1. spend, cost, take, pay
(1)spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构：spend time / money on sth. “在……上花费时间/金钱”; spend time / money (in) doing sth. “花费时间/金钱做某事”。
(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法有sth. cost(s) sb. money “某物花了某人多少钱”。(3)take往往表示花时间, 常见用法有it takes / took sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花了某人多少时间”;doing sth. takes / took sb. some time“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
(4)pay的基本用法是pay (sb.) money for sth. “付钱(给某人)买某物”;pay for sth. “付某物的钱”;pay for sb. “替某人付钱”。
I spent two hours on this maths problem.
我在这道数学题上花了两个小时。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
他们花了两年时间建造这座桥。
A new computer costs a lot of money.
一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
It took them three years to build this road.
修这条路花了他们三年时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
修这辆车花了他一个下午。
I have to pay them 100 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付给他们100英镑的房租。
I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不为丢失的书赔款。-64-2.get,reach与arrive
get,reach与arrive三者都表示“到达”。arrive和get是不及物动词,后面需要加介词然后加地点,其中“arrive at+小地方”,“arrive in+大地方”,“get to+地点”;reach是及物动词,后面直接加地点。但三个词接here,there,home之类的表地点的副词作状语时省略介词。We arrived at the station five minutes late.
我们到车站晚了五分钟。
They will arrive in Paris next Monday.
他们将于下周一到达巴黎。
When we got to the park, it began to rain.
我们到达公园时,天开始下雨了。
When did he reach home yesterday?
昨天他什么时候到的家?-66-3.happen与 take place
happen和take place 都可表示“发生”。happen 为不及物动词,表示“偶然发生”,如果后接不定式,是“碰巧”的意思;take place 通常指经过安排或有计划地使某事“发生”。If anything happens, please let me know.
如果有什么事发生,请告诉我。
I happened to meet him on my way home.
我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了巨大变化。-68-4.raise与 rise
raise是及物动词,意为“提高;增加;筹款;养育”等,后面可直接带宾语;rise是不及物动词,意为“上升,升高,上涨”。
She stood up and raised her voice.
她站了起来,抬高了嗓门。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳东升西落。5. accept, receive
receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”, 而 accept 则指主动地“接受”。
注意：receive也可表“接受”, 如：receive / get a better education, 意为“接受更好的教育”。
We haven’t received his letter for a long time.
我们很久没有收到他的来信了。
She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).
她请他坐她的车, 他领情了。6. advise, suggest
advise的固定搭配是advise sb.(not) to do“建议某人(别)做”;suggest的固定搭配是suggest (sb.) doing或suggest one’s doing“建议(某人)做”。
当然, 它们都可以接宾语从句, 但宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should) (not)do...I advise my father to stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸戒烟。
I suggest my father (father’s)stopping smoking.
我建议我爸爸停止吸烟。
I advise / suggest (that)my father (should)stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸不再吸烟。7. borrow, lend, keep
(1)borrow意为“借进”, borrow sth. from sb./ sw. 表示“向某人 / 从某处借入某物”。
(2)lend意为“借出”, 是borrow的反义词, lend sth. to sb./ lend sb. sth. 表示“借出某物给某人”。
(3)keep意为“保留;借”, borrow, lend表示的“借”是短暂性的, 而keep表示的是持续性的。“keep sth.＋时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”, 常用于完成时态。 Do you often borrow books from the library?
你经常从图书馆借书吗？
Can you lend me your pen? 把你的钢笔借给我好吗？
You mustn’t lend it to others. 你一定不要把它借给别人。
He has kept these books for two weeks.
他借这些书两周了。
—How long can I keep the book?这本书我可以借多久？
—Two weeks. 两周。8. get to, arrive in / at, reach
三者均可表示“到达”。get表“到达”时是不及物动词, 后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to连用, 即“get to+地点”。arrive表“到达”时也是不及物动词, 后接地点名词时要借助介词in或at, 即“arrive in+大地点, arrive at+小地点”。reach表“到达”时是及物动词, 后面直接接表示地点的词。注意：（1）get, arrive后接表示地点的副词（如here,
there, home等）时, 不需要任何介词作为媒介。
（2）到达的地点在句中没有出现时, 只能单独使
用arrive。He got to the stop at five o’clock this afternoon.
他今天下午五点到站的。
He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达了北京。
When he arrived at the stop, the bus had left.
当他到达公共汽车站时, 公交车已经开走了。
When does the train reach London?
火车什么时候到达伦敦？
When I got there, the film had been on for five minutes. 当我到那里时, 电影已经上映五分钟了。9. hope, wish
两者都可以作动词, 表示“希望”。hope用作动词时, 后面可接不定式或that从句, 但不能接“宾语＋不定式”(即不能用hope sb. to do结构)。wish作动词时, 后面接不定式或“宾语＋不定式”都可以, wish接 that从句时, 一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”, 常用虚拟语气。 注意：
(1)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”, 后面接“宾语＋宾补(形容词或名词)”, 而hope不能这样用。
(2)在简略句中, 如要表示希望某事不会发生时, 应说I hope not, 而不说 I don’t hope so。
(3)此外, hope和wish都可以作名词。 I hope to be a doctor.=I hope that I can be a doctor. 我希望我能当一名医生。
I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船飞向月球。(句中could为虚拟用法, 不可用can)
I wish I were you.
但愿我是你就好了。(句中were为虚拟用法)I wish to visit Yan’an. 我希望能参观延安。
I wish you (to be)happy. 我希望你幸福。
I wish you a long life. 祝你长寿。
He gave up all hope. 他放弃了一切希望。
Thank you for giving me hope. Best wishes to you, too! 谢谢你给我希望。也衷心祝愿你！10. put on, wear, dress, in
(1)put on意为“穿上;戴上”, 强调“穿”“戴”的动作, 后接衣服、鞋帽等。
(2)wear意为“穿着;戴着”, 表示状态, 宾语可以是衣帽, 也可以是饰物、奖章等。(3)dress的宾语通常是人, 意为“给……穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示“给自己穿衣服”。be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”, 表示状态。此外, dress还可作名词, 意为“礼服;连衣裙”。
(4)in是介词, 后接表示衣服或颜色的词, 着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。He put on his hat and went out. 他戴上他的帽子出去了。
The teacher wears glasses. 老师戴着眼镜。
His mother dressed him in new clothes.
他的妈妈给他穿上了新衣服。
She is dressed in a pink dress.
她穿着一条粉色的连衣裙。
The boy in blue is my younger brother.
那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。11. join, join in, take part in
(1)join后面直接接名词, 表示“加入某一组织、党派、社会团体而成为其中的一员”, 也可以直接接表示人的名词或代词, 表示“加入某人或某些人的行列当中去”。
(2)join in sth./ doing sth. 意为“参加……”, 后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词。
(3) take part in指参加会议或群众性的活动, 重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。 Finally, he decided to join the Chess Club.
最后, 他决定加入象棋俱乐部。
We’re going for a walk. Would you like to join us？
我们要去散步。你愿意和我们一起去吗？
Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？
Kate took part in the sports meeting and won several medals for her team.
凯特参加了运动会并为她的队伍赢得了数块奖牌。12. leave, forget, lose
leave, forget都可表示“遗忘”。leave后可接具体地点, 常用于leave sth./ sb. sw.结构中, 表示“将……遗忘/落在某处”。forget表此意时, 宾语后面不可接具体地点, 但可以接事物或人, 即forget sth./ sb., 表示“忘记……”。
lose意为“丢失;失去;失败”, lose sth.表示“丢失某物”。She left my sister at the airport.
她把我妹妹落在机场了。
She forgot my sister. 她把我妹妹忘了。
On that day, many people lost everything in the stock market crash. And our dog lost its life in a car accident. 在那天, 很多人在股市暴跌中失去了一切, 而我家的狗也在一次车祸中丧生。13. listen (to), hear
两者都有“听”的意思。listen是不及物动词, 其后若接宾语要加介词to, listen to表示听的动作及过程, 不涉及结果。hear是及物动词, 表示“听到”, 强调结果。
Listen! Do you hear what she is saying?
听！你听见她在说些什么吗？
Can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗？
We listened to her attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我们聚精会神地听她说了很久, 但什么也没听到。14. look, see, watch, notice, read
look指集中注意力地看, 强调“看”的动作。look是不及物动词, 其后接宾语需加介词,
常见look的相关短语:
look at “看” look for “寻找”
look after “照顾” look around “四顾”等。see强调“看”的结果。
watch意为“观看;注视”, 指以较大的注意力观看, 如看电视、比赛等。
notice意为“看到;注意到”, 指有意识地注意, 含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。
read只用于看书报或杂志之类。Look at the picture on the wall. Isn’t it nice？
看墙上的图片, 是不是很好看？
I looked for a long time, but I saw nothing.
我看了好久, 但什么也没看到。
He watched TV for over five hours last Sunday.
他上周日看了五个多小时的电视。He noticed a purse lying on the road.
他注意到地上有个钱包。
Dad reads the morning paper every day.
爸爸每天看晨报。15. look for, find, find out
look for意为“寻找”, 强调找的过程, 结果未知。
find意为“找到”, 强调找的结果。
find out意为“查出;查明”, 表示经过调查、访问等努力之后才找到或发现事实, 弄清真相。 I’m looking for my pen but I can’t find it.
我正在找我的钢笔, 但我找不到它。
So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.
迄今为止, 他们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。
Can you find out Tom’s address for me？
你能为我查出汤姆的住址吗？16. offer, provide
offer侧重表示“愿意给予”, 常用于offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb. “提供某人某物”和 offer to do sth. “主动提出做某事”结构中。
provide指为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给;提供”, 常用在短语provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.中, 这两个短语均表示“为某人提供某物”, 通常可以互换。 She offered me a cup of tea. =She offered a cup of tea to me. 她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。
The peasants provide us with grain and vegetables. =The peasants provide grain and vegetables for us. 农民们供给我们粮食和蔬菜。17. say, speak, talk, tell
(1) say意为“说”, 强调说话的内容, 也可以表示某处“写有”。
(2) speak作不及物动词时, 意为“说话”, 强调说话的动作或能力;作及物动词时, 意为“讲”, 后面接某种语言。(3) talk意为“谈话;交谈”, 强调两人之间的交谈。常见的搭配有：talk with / to sb. 与某人交谈;talk about sth. 谈论某事。
(4) tell意为“告诉;讲述”, 后面常接双宾语, 即：tell sb. sth./ tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事。 Be quiet, I have something to say. 安静, 我有话要说。
Tom, your boss wants to speak to you.
汤姆, 你老板想跟你谈谈。
Many of them can speak two or three or more languages besides English. 他们当中许多人除了英语外, 还会说其他两三门语言, 有的人甚至更多。First, you should talk to your teacher about the problems in your study.
首先, 你应该跟你的老师谈谈你学习中的问题。
Has anybody told him the latest news？
有没有人把最新的消息告诉他？18. take, bring, carry, get
(1)take意为“拿去;带去”, 指把某物或某人从说话处带到别处去, 与bring所表达的方向相反(单程)。
(2)bring意为“拿来;带来”, 指把某物或某人从别处带到说话处来。
(3)get意为“取来”, 表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来, 此时相当于fetch。
(4)carry意为“搬运;携带”, 没有方向性。 May I take this magazine home?
我能把这本杂志带回家吗？
The teacher asked the students to bring their dictionaries to the class.
老师要求学生们把他们的字典带到课堂上来。
Go and get some water. 去取些水来。
He carried the box upstairs. 他把盒子搬上了楼。19. win, beat
win意为“赢得比赛;获胜”, 其宾语是表示比赛(game, match, contest, competition, war)、奖品(prize, medal)等内容的名词, 不能是人。beat 更侧重“打败;胜过”之意, 其后所接的宾语多是某运动员或球队之类。此外, beat还可以表示“敲打;(心脏等)跳动”。
附：win a match赢得比赛;beat sb.打败某人;beat sb. in a match在一场比赛中打败某人。We won the basketball game. 我们赢了篮球赛。
Who won the race? 谁赢了赛跑？
Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
李磊在百米赛跑中打败了所有的对手。
We are sure to beat them. 我们肯定会打败他们。练一练1．(2018·安徽)—I'm afraid I might forget to buy the bread after work.
—Don't worry.I will ________ you then.
A．notice B．allow C．remind D．promiseC2．(2018·武汉)— Who________the computer?
—Sorry，I've no idea.But it has changed the world greatly A．invented B．discovered
C．made D．playedA3．(2018·武汉)—He said he wanted to own a big farm.
—Who________what he says？He is such a big mouth.
A．knows B．wonders C．cares D．remembersC4．(2018·连云港)The total number of online literature website users had________to 352 million by the end of June 2017.And the number is still growing.
A．increased B．influenced
C．included D．introducedA5．(2018·新疆生产建设兵团)—Wow，your sweater is very beautiful！How much is it?
—Thank you.It ________ me 30 dollars.
A．spent B．paid C．cost D．tookC6．(2018·乌鲁木齐)—I'd like to buy a new oven.
—The ones over there sell well.You can ________one by one to have a try.
A．turn on it B．turn it on
C．turn on them D．turn them onD7．(2018·安徽)Some animals can ________ the color around to protect themselves.
A．take on B．give up
C．put away D．see offA8．(2018·河南) —Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
—Pay no attention to him.He is just________．
A．taking off B．showing off
C．driving off D．setting offB 9．(2018·龙东)—I find it difficult to learn English well.I want to drop it.
—English is very important in our daily life.Never ________．
A．give up it B．give it up
C．give away it D．give it awayB10．(2018·吉林)It's a good idea to________ new words in the dictionary.
A．cut up B．look up C．put upB谢谢21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
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