21世纪教育网 –全国领先的中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第九讲八年级上Units 9-10
stomach (n.) →stomachache (n.) 胃痛；腹痛 foot (n.) → feet (pl.) 脚 own (adj. ) → owner (n.) 拥有者 break (v.) → broken (adj.) 破损的 train (v.) →training (n.) 训练 kind (n. adj. ) → kindness (n.) 善良 climb(v.) →climber (n. ) 爬山者 strong (adj.) →weak(反义词）虚弱的 feel (v. ) →feeling (n.)情感→ felt (过去式）感觉 tooth (n.)→ teeth (pl.) 牙→ toothache (n.) 牙痛 satisfy(v.)→satisfaction(n.) 满意 difficult (adj.) → difficulty(n.)困难 lie (v.)→ lied (过去式） 说谎→lay(过去式）躺→ lying(过去分词） die(v.)→death(n.)死亡 our(pron.) → ourselves (反身代词）我们自已 knife(n.) → knives (pl.)小刀 mean(v.)→meant (过去式）意思→meant (过去分词) understand(v.) → understood (过去式）理解，明白→understood (过去分词） her (pron.) → herself（反身代词）她自已 hit(v.) →hit (过去式）击，打→hit (过去分词） important(adj.) →importance (n.)重要性 sick(adj.)→ill( 同义词） decide(v.) →decision (n.)决定
她怎么了。 What’s the matter with her ?
她牙疼。She has a toothache .
她该怎么办？ What should she do ?
她该去看医生 。 She should go to a dentist .
这男孩可以看望在医院的孩子们并让他们振奋起来。
The boy could visit the kids in the hospital and cheer them up .
她每周在那做一次义工帮助孩子们学习读书。
She volunteers there once a week to help the kids learn to read .
我能跟朋友出去吃晚饭吗？
Could I go out for dinner with my friends?
当然，那应该没问题。
Sure , that should be OK.
你，你不能。 你的爷爷奶奶今晚要来看我们。
No, you can’t . Your grandparents are coming to visit us tonight .
可以，但是你得在9：30 之前回家。
OK, but you have to come home before 9:30 .
◆考点1.What’s the matter ?怎么了？
考向1：用来询问对方遇到的麻烦事，医生和护士询问病人也常用此句。与with 连用，构成What’s the matter with ...? ...怎么了？
考向2：[易错]
①What’s the matter with ...?中matter 为名词所以前面用“the”
② What’s wrong with ....?中wrong 为形容词，所以不能加the .
考向3：matter v.要紧，关系重大
Eg: ---Does it matter if I am late ? 如果我迟到这要紧吗？
----It doesn’t matter . 不要紧
◆考点突破
（2018，山东）---Tony, what’s ______ matter with you?
----I have _____ toothache .
A a; the B. the ; a C. /; the D the ; /
[答案]B
[解析]：此题为情景交际题。What’s the matter with ...? ....怎么了？ have a toothache 牙疼
◆考点2 lie v.
eg: There is a dog lying in the street . 有一条狗躺在街上。
考向：辨析lie 的各个含义
lie v. 躺， 位于 Lay- lain - lying You should lie down.你应该躺下。
lie v. 说谎 lied - lied - lying He often lies . 他经常说谎。
lie n. 谎言 lies (复数） He often tells lies . 他经常说谎。
[拓展]lay v. 下蛋，放置
eg : The hens lay a lot of eggs every day . 母鸡每天下很多蛋。
Please lay the table before the dinner 饭前请放桌子 。
◆考点突破
Look, there is a wallet _______ on he playground .
A lie B. lying C. lay D. lain
[答案]B
[解析] 本题采用语法分析法。There be ...doing sth .为固定句式。
（2018，广东）I found a letter _______ on the floor when I came into the classroom .
A lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
[答案] A
[解析]find sb. Doing sth . 发现某人做某事。Lay 放置，下蛋，及物动词。此处没有宾语所以排除B。lie 躺，是不及物动词，现在分词为lying .
◆考点3 trouble n.
eg: Teenagers always have a lot of trouble in school life . 有学校生活方面青少年总是有许多烦恼。
考向1：关于trouble 的固定搭配
①have trouble with sth.在某方面有困难
②have trouble (in) doing sth .在做某方面有困难
eg: We have trouble getting staff. 我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。
同义搭配：have problems with/doing sth /have difficulty with /doing sth .
考向2： 关于trouble 的词组
①get into trouble 陷入困境
②be in trouble 处于困境
③get sb. Into trouble 使某人陷入困境
◆考点突破
（2018,山东）---I have great ________ in finishing the work by myself . Could you help me ?
-----No problem .
A fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty
[答案] D
[解析] 考查名词的含义和固定短语的用法。 fun 是“开心，快乐”，success 是“成功”， advice 是“建议”，difficulty是“困难”，句意“---我靠我自己来完成这项工作有很大的困难，你能帮助我吗？ ---没问题。”have difficulty in doing sth 。 意为“做某事遇到了困难”。
(2017,福州） ----Jack , I have _____ working out the math problem .
----Don’t worry . Let me help you .
A fun B. trouble C. experience
[答案]B
[解析] 考查固定搭配have trouble doing sth
考点4 hit v.
考向1： hit 的变形： hit-hit-hit-hitting
考向2：hit的用法
eg: Someone got hit on the head 有人头部受到碰撞了。
hit sb. /sth. With sth. 用某物击打某人/物
eg: He hit the nail squarely on the head with the hammer . 他用锤子正对着钉子敲下去。
hit sth. on/against sth. 把某物撞到某物
eg : He hit his head on the low ceiling . 他的头碰到了低矮的天花板。
hit n. 打， 击
eg : Give it a good hit . 用力打它一下。
考向3：
[拓展] 辨析hit , knock
hit 碰撞，撞击，尤指造成损伤 The boy was hit by a car . 男孩被一辆车撞了。
knock 敲，击，碰，撞，把....撞成某种状态 Someone had knocked a hole in the wall . 有人在墙上打了个洞。
◆考点突破
When I see a snake , shall I hit it ______ the head _____ a stick ?
A by ; by B. on ; by C. on ; with D. by ; with
[答案] C
[解析] 考查固定搭配hit sth. on the head with sth.
考点5 breathe v.
考向1： 辨析 breathe , breath , breathing
breathe 动词 呼吸，呼气 It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning .早上做深呼吸对身体有益。
breath 名词 呼吸，呼气 He has run himself our of breath 他跑得上气不接下气。
breathing 名词 连续呼吸的动作 Her breathing became steady and she fell asleep . 她的呼吸变得均匀，便睡着了。
考向2：归纳
breathe 的常用词组
breathe in 吸入 breathe out 呼出
breathe freely again 平静下来，松一口气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breath 的常用词组
catch/hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath/out of breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达
询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达 ：
What’s the matter (with sb ) ?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb ) ?(某人怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb ) ? /What’s one’s trouble ? （某人）发生什么事了？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong (with sb )（某人）有什么事吗？
2 要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服，可能以下结构：
某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds 这对双脃胎感冒了。
某人+ have/has a(n)+身体部位 -ache(headache/toothache/stomachache/ backache/earache)
She had a stomachache last night . 她昨晚胃痛。
某人+have/has a sore +身体部位。
He has a sore throat . 他喉咙痛。
某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词。
He hurt his leg . 他的腿受伤了。
身体部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly . 我头痛得厉害。
某人+have/ has a pain in one’s +身体部位。
I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛。
（There is ) Something wrong with one’s +身体部位
There is something wrong with my right eye .
我的右眼有毛病。
其他表达方式
She has a heart problem . 她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head . 他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger . 她割掉手指了。
◆考点突破
（2017，济南）----Nice is not at school . _____ ?
-----He has a cold
A Who’s that B. What’s the matter
C How old is he D. How much is it
【答案】B
【点拨】我们可用“问答呼应法”解答本题。 根据答语“他感冒了”可知问“怎么了？”What’s the matter ?意为“怎么了”，故选 B。
（2018，上海） ----You look sad , Betty . What’s the matter with you ?
---- _______
I’ve got the first prize .
I’m sorry to hear that .
I can’t attend the summer camp .
I don’t quite agree with you .
【答案】C
【点拨】我们可用“交际法”解答本题。A项意为“我得了一等奖；B项”听到这件事我很难过”C 项意为“我不能参加夏令营”；D项意为“我不是很赞成你的意见”。 由“呗蒂，你看起来很难过，怎么了？”可知答语应表达令人伤心难过的事。 故C项符合要求。
情态动词should 的用法
should情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。否定形式是其后加not , 可缩写为shouldn’t .谓语中含有情态动词should 的肯定句变为一般疑问句时，把should 提到主语之前。Should 的具体用法为：
表示提出意见或建议。
You should drink lots of water. 你应该喝大量的水。
表示义务、责任
We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。
表示命令、责备或要求，语气比较强烈。
You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心。
表示推测和可能性。
He should be a teacher 他应该是一位老师。
用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
Should we tell her about it ?
我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
◆考点突破
（2017，山西） ----Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books .
---- That’s too bad . Everyone _____ be a book lover . Reading is more enjoyable .
A may B. should C. would
【答案】B
【点拨】我们可以用“语境联想法”解答本题。句意：每个人______成为读书爱好者。阅读更令人愉悦。May 意为“可以，可能”；should 意为“应该”；would 意为“将；将会” 结合答语中的“那太糟糕了”和答语中的最后一句“阅读更令人愉悦”可推知，建议每个人都“应该”成为读书爱好者。故B项符合语境。
三、动词短语
概念
英语中有些动词可以和其他词类连用，构成一个不可分豁的固定短语，称为动词短语。
四类动词短语的用法。
动词+介词 （相当及物动词）。 如：
look at 看...... look for 寻找 wait for 等待? depend on 依靠
ask for 请求 agree with 同意 这类短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
动词+副词。如：
give up 放弃 pick up 捡起 put up 张帖 try on 试穿
put off 推迟 turn on 打开 look out 当心 run away 逃跑
get down 下来
这类动词短语有些相当于及物动词，有些相当于不及物动词。其宾语若是名词，放在副词前后均可；宾语若是代词，则必须放在动词和副词之间。
动词+副词+介词（相当于及物动词）。如：
come up with 想出；提出 look forward to 盼望
catch up with 赶上 do well in 擅长
come up to 走近 go on with 继续
run out of 用光；耗尽 look down upon 看不起
这类动词短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
动词+名词+介词（相当及物动词）。 如：
take care of 照顾 pay attention to 注意
take part in 参加 make use of 利用
take notice of 注意
这类动词短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
◆考点突破
4 （2017，兰州） You can _____ new words in your e-dictionary .
A look up B. look at
C look for D. look around
【答案】A
【点拨】我们用“短语辨析法”解答本题。 look up “查询”；look at “看”；look for “寻找”；look around “环顾四周”。由句意“你可以在你的电子词典中_____?新单词。 可知，空格处应填look up ,故此题选A。
----What’s _____ ?
----I have a headache .
A the wrong B. the matter
C trouble D. happened
【答案】B
【点拨】询问某人患何种疾病的句型主要有：What’s wrong /the matter /the matter /the trouble (with sb )?及What happened to sb ?由此可知，答案娄B 项。
Tom _____ a bad cold . Let’s take him to the hospital.
A hurts B. takes C. have D. has
【答案】D
【点拨】have a (bad) cold 意为“患（重）感冒”，为固定搭配；又因Tom 为第三人称单数。故选D。
For everyone’s safety , we _____ always remember the law against driving after drinking .
A could B. should C. might D would
【答案】B
【点拨】could “能够“；should “应该”；might “可能：；would “将会”由句意知“为了大家的安全，我们应该一直记住这条法规--禁止酒后驾驶”可知，此处用should 表示“义务，责任”故选B 项。
In order to speak English better , we ______ be afraid of losing face . Because the most important thing is to practice . Remember : parctice makes perfect .
A should B. shouldn’t C. have to D mustn’t
【答案】B
【点拨】句意：为了更好地说英语，我们不应该怕丢面子。因为最重要的事情是练习。 记住：熟能生巧。由语境可知，此处用shouldn’t 表示“不应该”，故选B 项。
5 You should _____ more fruit .
A eats B. eating C. eat D. to eat
【答案】C
【点拨】情态动词后跟动词原形，故选C 项。
6 We enjoyed _____ at the dancing party yesterday .
A myself B. himself C. herself D. ourselves
【答案】D
【点拨】enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心”。反身代词和主语保持一致。主语为we，故此处反身代词用ourselves.
7 Linda bought a large house ______ a swimming pool .
A with B. in C. on D. from
【答案】A
【点拨】介词with意为“带有，具有”，表示事物具有的性质、特征。句意“琳达买了一所带有游泳池的房子。
8 ----Emma failed her exams . I think she should work harder .
---- I agree . ______ she does , she’ll get good grades
A If B because C. Before D. Though
【答案】A
【点拨】if当“如果”讲，引导条件状语状语从句。当“是否”讲，引导宾语从句；because “因为”，引导原因状语从句；before “在...之前” 引导的时间状语从句，though “虽然”，引导让步状语从句。由答语句意“我同意。如果她努力学习的话，她会取得好成绩的”可知A项符合题 意
9 I arrived home and I found my sister _____ in bed.
A lies B. lying C. lied D. lie
【答案】B
【点拨】find sb doing sth 意“发现某人正做某事”为固定搭配。故选B。
10 I need to buy some water , because we are ____ that in our home .
A run out B. running out C. run out of D. running out of
【答案】D
【点拨】run out 意为“用完”，物件主语，是不及物动短语; run out of 意为“用完”， 人作主语，是及物动词短语。此处主语we 表示人，故排除A、B 两项。are 后不能跟动词原形，应用动词ing形式构成现在进行时。
11 _____ my surprise , she learned English all by herself .
A In B. To C. With D. At
【答案】B
【点拨】to one’s surprise 意为“使...惊讶的；出乎...意料”为固定短语
Don’t say that , or you’ll _____ trouble .
A get back B. get into C get off D. get out
【答案】B
【点拨】get back 意为“回来”；get into意为“陷入”；get off意为“下（车、船等）”get out 意为“出去”。 句意：不要那样说， 否则你会陷入困境的。Get into trouble 意为为“陷入困境的”故选B。
13 She’s outgoing . She never minds _____ to a boy .
A speak B. spoke C. speaking D. to speak
【答案】C
【点拨】mind doing sth 意为“介意做某事”
14 Jack used to _____ to school by bus , but now he is used to ____ there .
A go ; walk B. going ; walk
C go ; walking D. going ; walking
【答案】C
【点拨】used to do sth 固定用法，意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to do sth 意为“被用来做某事”， be used to doing sth 是固定用法，意为“习惯做某事”
15 Although you may meet some difficulties ,you should never _____ .
A get up B. grow up C. give out D. give up
【答案】D
【点拨】get up “起床”；grow up “长大”；give out “分发”；give up “放弃”；由句意“尽意你可能会遇到一些困难，但你应该永不放弃”可知，give up 符合题意，故选D项。
16 ----Mom , can I leave my homework for tomorrow ?
----I’m afraid not . Don’t ____ what you can do today till tomorrow .
A put on B. put down C. put up D. put off
【答案】D
【点拨】put on 意为“穿上，上演”；put down “放下”；put up 意为“举起，张贴，搭建”；put off 意为“推迟”。由问句句意“妈妈，我能把作业留到明天再做吗？”及答语前句句意“恐怕不行”可知答语后句意为“不要把你今天能做的事推迟到明天”。 故选D。
17 My best friend Mario failed in the math competition . I’d like to _____ .
A dress him up B. pick him up C. cheer him up D. take him up
【答案】C
【点拨】dress up 意为“打扮”；pick up 意为“捡起”；cheer up 意为“（使）变得更高兴”；take up 意为“占据”。 由前句句意“我最好的朋友马里奥数学竞赛失败了”可知后句意为“我想让他高兴起来”。故选C。
18 ----The girl ____ all her pocket money to the people whose houses were destroyed by the earthquake in Ludian .
---- What a kind girl !
A took away B gave up C. gave away D. put away
【答案】C
【点拨】take away 意为“拿走”；give up 意为“放弃”；give away 意为“捐赠”；put away 意为“收起来”。由答语语句意“多好的女孩呀！”可推知这个女孩把所有的零用钱都 “捐给”了在鲁甸地震中房屋被毁坏的人们，故选C。
19 ----Mary is very generous .
--- Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ______ people in need .
A to help B. to helping C. helped D. helping
【答案】A
【点拨】句意：“玛丽很慷慨。”“是的。她捐出了他所有的钱，以帮助需要帮助的人们。”该句中动词不定式短语作目的状语。故选C。
20 He made us ____ by making faces.
A to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed
【答案】C
【点拨】make 后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补语，故选C。
----Do you think Tony is a ____ boy ?
---- Yes, he does well in all his subjects .
A clever B. lonely C. strong D. disabled
【答案】A
【点拨】clever “聪明的 ； lonely 孤独的，寂寞的； strong 强烈的； 强壮的； disabled 有残疾的。 由答语句意是“是的，他的所有科目都很好”可知，托尼是个聪明的男孩，故选A。
22 ----Excuse me . Can I borrow some books ?
---- Sorry . There are ____ books left . We can’t lend you any one .
A a few B. a little C. few D. little
【答案】C
【点拨】由答语句意“.....我们一本都不能借给你”可知，书很少，几乎没有了，故应选表示否定意义的few 或little; 又因空格后的books 为可数名词复数，故选C。
23 The woman in red ____ a teacher . She works in a hospital now .
A used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is
【答案】A
【点拨】used to 意为“过去...； 曾经...”句意：那个穿红衣服的女人过去是一名老师，她现在在一家医院工作。
24 The old man lives _____ , but he doesn’t feel ____ .
A alone ; alone B. lonely ; lonely
C lonely ; alone D. alone ; lonely
【答案】D
【点拨】alone 意为“独自”； lonely指“（情感上）孤独的”句意：这位老人独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。
25 ----Why did you organize the party ?
---- To ____ some money for the poor children .
A control B cheer C. raise D. carry
【答案】C
【点拨】raise money for ...意为“为...筹钱”为固定用法。故选C。
26 Jim _______ his exercise books , so he had to go to the shop to buy some .
A ran away B. ran out C. ran out of D. went away
【答案】C
【点拨】run away 意为“逃跑”； run out 意为“用完”，物作主语，run out of 意为“用完”，人作主语； go away 意为“走开”。由后句句意“所以他必须到商店去买一些”可推知，前分句意为“吉姆用完了他所有的练习本”，主语Jim 为人，故选C。
27 You can ______ how our lives will be if there is in electricity .
A imagine B. think C. tell D. talk
【答案】A
【点拨】根据句意分析。Imagine 想象think 思考 tell告诉 talk 谈论
28 The girl is ______ . She can’t use her legs or arms well.
A interesting B. disable C. brave D. great
【答案】B
【点拨】imagine 想象； think 认为； tell告诉； talk 谈论。 句意：你可以想象如果没有电，我们的生活会是什么样。
29 We all feel ______ about the _____ news.
A excited ; excited B. exciting ; exciting
C excited ; exciting D. exciting ; excited
【答案】C
【点拨】excited 作表语时，主语一般为表示人的名词或代司； exciting 作表语时，主语一般为表示物的名词或代词。由主语we可知第一空为excited ; 由news可知第二空应用exciting 作定语。
30 ----The box is too heavy . I can’t _____ it .
-----Don’t worry . I can help it .
A take B. bring C. carry D. get
【答案】C
【点拨】take带走出bring 带来 carry 提，搬运 get 获得，由答语“别担心。我可以帮助你。可推知箱子太重，我“搬”不动，故选C。
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第九讲八年级上Units 9-10
stomach (n.) →________ (n.) 胃痛；腹痛 foot (n.) → ________(pl.) 脚 own (adj. ) → _______ (n.) 拥有者 break (v.) → _______(adj.) 破损的 train (v.) →_________ (n.) 训练 kind (n. adj. ) →________ (n.) 善良 climb(v.) →________(n. ) 爬山者 strong (adj.) →_______(反义词）虚弱的 feel (v. ) →________(n.)情感→ felt (过去式）感觉 tooth (n.)→________ (pl.) 牙→ toothache (n.) 牙痛 satisfy(v.)→________(n.) 满意 difficult (adj.) → _______(n.)困难 lie (v.)→______ (过去式） 说谎→______(过去式）躺→ ________(过去分词） die(v.)→________(n.)死亡 our(pron.) →________(反身代词）我们自已 knife(n.) → _______(pl.)小刀 mean(v.)→_______ (过去式）意思→________(过去分词) understand(v.) → ________ (过去式）理解，明白→_______ (过去分词） her (pron.) → _______（反身代词）她自已 hit(v.) →______ (过去式）击，打→______ (过去分词） important(adj.) →________(n.)重要性 sick(adj.)→______( 同义词） decide(v.) →_______(n.)决定
她怎么了。_______________her ?
她牙疼。She ______________.
她该怎么办？ __________she_______ ?
她该去看医生 。 She________ go to a____________.
这男孩可以看望在医院的孩子们并让他们振奋起来。
The boy could__________ the kids in the hospital and_____________ .
她每周在那做一次义工帮助孩子们学习读书。
She __________there______________ the kids learn to read .
我能跟朋友出去吃晚饭吗？
Could ____________or dinner with my friends?
当然，那应该没问题。
Sure , _______________OK.
你，你不能。 你的爷爷奶奶今晚要来看我们。
No, you__________Your grandparents are coming _________us tonight .
可以，但是你得在9：30 之前回家。
OK,_________ you ___________come home before 9:30 .
◆考点1.What’s the matter ?怎么了？
考向1：用来询问对方遇到的麻烦事，医生和护士询问病人也常用此句。与with 连用，构成What’s the matter with ...? ...怎么了？
考向2：[易错]
①What’s the matter with ...?中matter 为名词所以前面用“the”
② What’s wrong with ....?中wrong 为形容词，所以不能加the .
考向3：matter v.要紧，关系重大
Eg: ---Does it matter if I am late ? 如果我迟到这要紧吗？
----It doesn’t matter . 不要紧
◆考点突破
（2018，山东）---Tony, what’s ______ matter with you?
----I have _____ toothache .
A a; the B. the ; a C. /; the D the ; /
◆考点2 lie v.
eg: There is a dog lying in the street . 有一条狗躺在街上。
考向：辨析lie 的各个含义
lie v. 躺， 位于 Lay- lain - lying You should lie down.你应该躺下。
lie v. 说谎 lied - lied - lying He often lies . 他经常说谎。
lie n. 谎言 lies (复数） He often tells lies . 他经常说谎。
[拓展]lay v. 下蛋，放置
eg : The hens lay a lot of eggs every day . 母鸡每天下很多蛋。
Please lay the table before the dinner 饭前请放桌子 。
◆考点突破
Look, there is a wallet _______ on he playground .
A lie B. lying C. lay D. lain
（2018，广东）I found a letter _______ on the floor when I came into the classroom .
A lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
◆考点3 trouble n.
eg: Teenagers always have a lot of trouble in school life . 有学校生活方面青少年总是有许多烦恼。
考向1：关于trouble 的固定搭配
①have trouble with sth.在某方面有困难
②have trouble (in) doing sth .在做某方面有困难
eg: We have trouble getting staff. 我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。
同义搭配：have problems with/doing sth /have difficulty with /doing sth .
考向2： 关于trouble 的词组
①get into trouble 陷入困境
②be in trouble 处于困境
③get sb. Into trouble 使某人陷入困境
◆考点突破
（2018,山东）---I have great ________ in finishing the work by myself . Could you help me ?
-----No problem .
A fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty
(2017,福州） ----Jack , I have _____ working out the math problem .
----Don’t worry . Let me help you .
A fun B. trouble C. experience
考点4 hit v.
考向1： hit 的变形： hit-hit-hit-hitting
考向2：hit的用法
eg: Someone got hit on the head 有人头部受到碰撞了。
hit sb. /sth. With sth. 用某物击打某人/物
eg: He hit the nail squarely on the head with the hammer . 他用锤子正对着钉子敲下去。
hit sth. on/against sth. 把某物撞到某物
eg : He hit his head on the low ceiling . 他的头碰到了低矮的天花板。
hit n. 打， 击
eg : Give it a good hit . 用力打它一下。
考向3：
[拓展] 辨析hit , knock
hit 碰撞，撞击，尤指造成损伤 The boy was hit by a car . 男孩被一辆车撞了。
knock 敲，击，碰，撞，把....撞成某种状态 Someone had knocked a hole in the wall . 有人在墙上打了个洞。
◆考点突破
When I see a snake , shall I hit it ______ the head _____ a stick ?
A by ; by B. on ; by C. on ; with D. by ; with
考点5 breathe v.
考向1： 辨析 breathe , breath , breathing
breathe 动词 呼吸，呼气 It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning .早上做深呼吸对身体有益。
breath 名词 呼吸，呼气 He has run himself our of breath 他跑得上气不接下气。
breathing 名词 连续呼吸的动作 Her breathing became steady and she fell asleep . 她的呼吸变得均匀，便睡着了。
考向2：归纳
breathe 的常用词组
breathe in 吸入 breathe out 呼出
breathe freely again 平静下来，松一口气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breath 的常用词组
catch/hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath/out of breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达
询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达 ：
What’s the matter (with sb ) ?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb ) ?(某人怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb ) ? /What’s one’s trouble ? （某人）发生什么事了？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong (with sb )（某人）有什么事吗？
2 要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服，可能以下结构：
某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds 这对双脃胎感冒了。
某人+ have/has a(n)+身体部位 -ache(headache/toothache/stomachache/ backache/earache)
She had a stomachache last night . 她昨晚胃痛。
某人+have/has a sore +身体部位。
He has a sore throat . 他喉咙痛。
某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词。
He hurt his leg . 他的腿受伤了。
身体部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly . 我头痛得厉害。
某人+have/ has a pain in one’s +身体部位。
I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛。
（There is ) Something wrong with one’s +身体部位
There is something wrong with my right eye .
我的右眼有毛病。
其他表达方式
She has a heart problem . 她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head . 他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger . 她割掉手指了。
◆考点突破
（2017，济南）----Nice is not at school . _____ ?
-----He has a cold
A Who’s that B. What’s the matter
C How old is he D. How much is it
（2018，上海） ----You look sad , Betty . What’s the matter with you ?
---- _______
I’ve got the first prize .
I’m sorry to hear that .
I can’t attend the summer camp .
I don’t quite agree with you .
情态动词should 的用法
should情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。否定形式是其后加not , 可缩写为shouldn’t .谓语中含有情态动词should 的肯定句变为一般疑问句时，把should 提到主语之前。Should 的具体用法为：
表示提出意见或建议。
You should drink lots of water. 你应该喝大量的水。
表示义务、责任
We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。
表示命令、责备或要求，语气比较强烈。
You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心。
表示推测和可能性。
He should be a teacher 他应该是一位老师。
用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
Should we tell her about it ?
我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
◆考点突破
（2017，山西） ----Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books .
---- That’s too bad . Everyone _____ be a book lover . Reading is more enjoyable .
A may B. should C. would
三、动词短语
概念
英语中有些动词可以和其他词类连用，构成一个不可分豁的固定短语，称为动词短语。
四类动词短语的用法。
动词+介词 （相当及物动词）。 如：
look at 看...... look for 寻找 wait for 等待? depend on 依靠
ask for 请求 agree with 同意 这类短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
动词+副词。如：
give up 放弃 pick up 捡起 put up 张帖 try on 试穿
put off 推迟 turn on 打开 look out 当心 run away 逃跑
get down 下来
这类动词短语有些相当于及物动词，有些相当于不及物动词。其宾语若是名词，放在副词前后均可；宾语若是代词，则必须放在动词和副词之间。
动词+副词+介词（相当于及物动词）。如：
come up with 想出；提出 look forward to 盼望
catch up with 赶上 do well in 擅长
come up to 走近 go on with 继续
run out of 用光；耗尽 look down upon 看不起
这类动词短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
动词+名词+介词（相当及物动词）。 如：
take care of 照顾 pay attention to 注意
take part in 参加 make use of 利用
take notice of 注意
这类动词短语后接宾语，且宾语必须放在介词之后。
◆考点突破
4 （2017，兰州） You can _____ new words in your e-dictionary .
A look up B. look at
C look for D. look around
----What’s _____ ?
----I have a headache .
A the wrong B. the matter
C trouble D. happened
Tom _____ a bad cold . Let’s take him to the hospital.
A hurts B. takes C. have D. has
For everyone’s safety , we _____ always remember the law against driving after drinking .
A could B. should C. might D would
In order to speak English better , we ______ be afraid of losing face . Because the most important thing is to practice . Remember : parctice makes perfect .
A should B. shouldn’t C. have to D mustn’t
5 You should _____ more fruit .
A eats B. eating C. eat D. to eat
6 We enjoyed _____ at the dancing party yesterday .
A myself B. himself C. herself D. ourselves
7 Linda bought a large house ______ a swimming pool .
A with B. in C. on D. from
8 ----Emma failed her exams . I think she should work harder .
---- I agree . ______ she does , she’ll get good grades
A If B because C. Before D. Though
9 I arrived home and I found my sister _____ in bed.
A lies B. lying C. lied D. lie
10 I need to buy some water , because we are ____ that in our home .
A run out B. running out C. run out of D. running out of
11 _____ my surprise , she learned English all by herself .
A In B. To C. With D. At
Don’t say that , or you’ll _____ trouble .
A get back B. get into C get off D. get out
13 She’s outgoing . She never minds _____ to a boy .
A speak B. spoke C. speaking D. to speak
14 Jack used to _____ to school by bus , but now he is used to ____ there .
A go ; walk B. going ; walk
C go ; walking D. going ; walking
15 Although you may meet some difficulties ,you should never _____ .
A get up B. grow up C. give out D. give up
16 ----Mom , can I leave my homework for tomorrow ?
----I’m afraid not . Don’t ____ what you can do today till tomorrow .
A put on B. put down C. put up D. put off
17 My best friend Mario failed in the math competition . I’d like to _____ .
A dress him up B. pick him up C. cheer him up D. take him up
18 ----The girl ____ all her pocket money to the people whose houses were destroyed by the earthquake in Ludian .
---- What a kind girl !
A took away B gave up C. gave away D. put away
19 ----Mary is very generous .
--- Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ______ people in need .
A to help B. to helping C. helped D. helping
20 He made us ____ by making faces.
A to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed
----Do you think Tony is a ____ boy ?
---- Yes, he does well in all his subjects .
A clever B. lonely C. strong D. disabled
22 ----Excuse me . Can I borrow some books ?
---- Sorry . There are ____ books left . We can’t lend you any one .
A a few B. a little C. few D. little
23 The woman in red ____ a teacher . She works in a hospital now .
A used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is
24 The old man lives _____ , but he doesn’t feel ____ .
A alone ; alone B. lonely ; lonely
C lonely ; alone D. alone ; lonely
25 ----Why did you organize the party ?
---- To ____ some money for the poor children .
A control B cheer C. raise D. carry
26 Jim _______ his exercise books , so he had to go to the shop to buy some .
A ran away B. ran out C. ran out of D. went away
27 You can ______ how our lives will be if there is in electricity .
A imagine B. think C. tell D. talk
28 The girl is ______ . She can’t use her legs or arms well.
A interesting B. disable C. brave D. great
29 We all feel ______ about the _____ news.
A excited ; excited B. exciting ; exciting
C excited ; exciting D. exciting ; excited
30 ----The box is too heavy . I can’t _____ it .
-----Don’t worry . I can help it .
A take B. bring C. carry D. get
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