中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冠词的表达和运用
整体分析解读:
1.近几年中考英语试题除了单独考查定冠词和不定冠词之外,还综合考查冠词和零冠词及其固定搭配的用法。
2.准确判定特指与泛指是正确解答大部分中考 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)冠词试题的关键。英语中的特指就是指特定的人或物,一般情况下,尽管不直接点名道姓,但大家都心知肚明,尤其是前文中出现过的。泛指则是指一般的或一类人或物,不具有特定的特征,大家也无法、也没必要知晓究竟是哪一个。需要注意的是,特指和泛指与名词的可数不可数无关。
一、易错点:
一)、不定冠词的用法
1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类:例如:
She is a girl.
Pass me an apple , please.
2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如:
A boy is waiting for you
We work six days a week.
3). 表示 “一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如:
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.
4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:
a few, a little, a lot of
注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.
二)、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy
2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:
-Where are the new books, Jim?
- They are on the small table.
3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如:
Today he is making a machine.
He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如:
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
The third one is carrying the fewest of all.
6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:
the Great Wall
the North Street Hospital
7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如:
in the morning (afternoon, evening),
on the left(right)
at the end of
三)、不用冠词的情况
1)在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如:
China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk
2)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如:
The letter is in her pocket.
I think the shop is closed at this time of day.
3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如:
My father and mother are teachers.
I like cakes.
4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如:
It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)
Today is Mid-Autumn Day.
It is cold in winter.
5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:
Uncle Wang likes making things.
What colour are Mrs Green’s shoes?
6)在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如:
He went to school after breakfast.
Can you play basketball?
注: 在某些固定词组中,如:at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。
二、易混代词辨析
1. 不定冠词a,an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音开头,还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。如:
It's an interesting movie.
它是一部很有趣的电影。
There is an “h” in the word “hour”.
单词word里面有一个h。
(1)在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”,其他用a。
(2)要注意区别以u开头的单词
an umbrella,an un (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)usual story,an unhappy boy,a university,a useful book
【速记口诀】
确定用“a”还是“an”,不看字母看读音:
不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩(n)”。
2. 有、无定冠词的区别
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院
at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌边
in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里
in front of 在(……外部的)前面 in the front of 在(……内部的)前部
go to school 上学 go to the school 到那所学校去
go to college 上大学 go to the college 到那所大学去
leave school 毕业 leave the school 离开学校
on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
3. 序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别。
“the + 序数词”表示“第几……”;“a + 序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:
You are so close to the answer. Try a second time.你很接近答案了,再试一次。
4. a number of与the number of
a number of意思是“许多”,相 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)当于a lot of;the number of意思是“……的数目,……的数量 ”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A number of people come here on vocation in summer.
许多人夏天来这里度假。
The number of the birds is decreasing every year.每年鸟的数量都在递减。
5. a、an特殊位置
(1)当名词被such,half,what修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词后。如:
I have never seen such a beautiful bird before.我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。
He bought half a kilo of pork.
他买了半斤猪肉。
What an amazing flower!
多迷人的花儿呀!
(2)当名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。如:
He is so forgetf (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ul a person that you have to remind him of some thing again and again.
他是如此健忘的一个人,一件事你不得不一遍一遍地提醒他。
How tall a tree it is! 这树多高呀!
(3)当名词前面有形容词quite,rather或very时,不定冠词置于quite和rather之后,very之前。如:
quite an attractive film
一部吸引人的电影
rather a lazy guy一个相当懒惰的家伙
a very smart boy一个非常机灵的男孩
【考题精练】
1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
2.【2018年山东省青岛】We should have ________ breakfast every day to keep healthy.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
3.【2018年四川成都市】 –Who is boy playing soccer over there?
-He is my classmate, Li Ping.
A. a B. 不填 C. the
4.【2018年天津市】There is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
5.【2018年云南省】There is _______ umbrella behind the door.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
6.【2018年浙江省温州市】---Will you go to _____ school-leavers' party tomorrow?
--- Certainly. I'm going with my parents.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7.【2018年上海】My uncle bought a car yesterday. _________ car was made in Guangzhou.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
8.【2018年陕西】Look at __________ eraser on the floor. Whose is it?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9. 【2018年广东】_______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. / B. A C. An D. The
10. 【2018年福州】There is no living thing on _______ moon.
A. the B. a C. / D. an
11.【2018年贵阳】Victor can play ________piano. He can join the music club.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. 【2018年衢州】Li Na is one of ______ most popular tennis players in China.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. 【2018江苏淮安】This summer, I’m going to visit________ Great Wall.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14.【2018年遵义】We should offer the seats to old on the bus.
A. an B. \ C. the D. a
15.【2018年河南】--Would you like ______ red dress as a birthday present, Mary?
--Sorry, mom. I prefer _______ orange one.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
16. 【2018河南】--What is your mother?
--She is ________ English teacher.
A. the B. / C. an D. a
17. 【2018兰州】Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second?
A. the B. a C. / D. An
18. 【2018自贡】--I hear your friend is visiting San Ya again. Is it the second time for him?
--Yes, and he will come for time next spring.
A. a third B. a second C. the third D. an second
19.【2018连云港】--Is Mr. Francois Hollande an honest and capable man?
--Yes. And that is why he was chosen ____________ president of France.
A. a B. / C. the D. an
20. 【2018绵阳】Hurry up! If we miss the last bus, we’ll have to get home by _____taxi.
A. the B. an C. / D. a
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冠词的表达和运用
整体分析解读:
1.近几年中考英语试题除了单独考查定冠词和不定冠词之外,还综合考查冠词和零冠词及其固定搭配的用法。
2.准确判定特指与泛指是正确解答大部分中考 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)冠词试题的关键。英语中的特指就是指特定的人或物,一般情况下,尽管不直接点名道姓,但大家都心知肚明,尤其是前文中出现过的。泛指则是指一般的或一类人或物,不具有特定的特征,大家也无法、也没必要知晓究竟是哪一个。需要注意的是,特指和泛指与名词的可数不可数无关。
一、易错点:
一)、不定冠词的用法
1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类:例如:
She is a girl.
Pass me an apple , please.
2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如:
A boy is waiting for you
We work six days a week.
3). 表示 “一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如:
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.
4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:
a few, a little, a lot of
注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.
二)、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy
2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:
-Where are the new books, Jim?
- They are on the small table.
3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如:
Today he is making a machine.
He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如:
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
The third one is carrying the fewest of all.
6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:
the Great Wall
the North Street Hospital
7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如:
in the morning (afternoon, evening),
on the left(right)
at the end of
三)、不用冠词的情况
1)在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如:
China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk
2)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如:
The letter is in her pocket.
I think the shop is closed at this time of day.
3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如:
My father and mother are teachers.
I like cakes.
4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如:
It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)
Today is Mid-Autumn Day.
It is cold in winter.
5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:
Uncle Wang likes making things.
What colour are Mrs Green’s shoes?
6)在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如:
He went to school after breakfast.
Can you play basketball?
注: 在某些固定词组中,如:at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。
二、易混代词辨析
1. 不定冠词a,an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音开头,还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。如:
It's an interesting movie.
它是一部很有趣的电影。
There is an “h” in the word “hour”.
单词word里面有一个h。
(1)在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”,其他用a。
(2)要注意区别以u开头的单词
an umbrella,an un (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)usual story,an unhappy boy,a university,a useful book
【速记口诀】
确定用“a”还是“an”,不看字母看读音:
不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩(n)”。
2. 有、无定冠词的区别
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院
at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌边
in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里
in front of 在(……外部的)前面 in the front of 在(……内部的)前部
go to school 上学 go to the school 到那所学校去
go to college 上大学 go to the college 到那所大学去
leave school 毕业 leave the school 离开学校
on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
3. 序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别。
“the + 序数词”表示“第几……”;“a + 序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:
You are so close to the answer. Try a second time.你很接近答案了,再试一次。
4. a number of与the number of
a number of意思是“许多”,相 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)当于a lot of;the number of意思是“……的数目,……的数量 ”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A number of people come here on vocation in summer.
许多人夏天来这里度假。
The number of the birds is decreasing every year.每年鸟的数量都在递减。
5. a、an特殊位置
(1)当名词被such,half,what修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词后。如:
I have never seen such a beautiful bird before.我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。
He bought half a kilo of pork.
他买了半斤猪肉。
What an amazing flower!
多迷人的花儿呀!
(2)当名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。如:
He is so forgetf (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ul a person that you have to remind him of some thing again and again.
他是如此健忘的一个人,一件事你不得不一遍一遍地提醒他。
How tall a tree it is! 这树多高呀!
(3)当名词前面有形容词quite,rather或very时,不定冠词置于quite和rather之后,very之前。如:
quite an attractive film
一部吸引人的电影
rather a lazy guy一个相当懒惰的家伙
a very smart boy一个非常机灵的男孩
【考题精练】
1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:今天下午学校礼堂里会有礼貌的谈话。考查冠词辨析题。a是不定冠词,泛指,一个,用于辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前;an不定冠词,泛指,一个,用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前;the定冠词,特指,用在独一无二名词前,像地球,月亮,太阳。talk交谈,此处表示泛指含义,以辅音因素开头,故用不定冠词a;根据句意语境,可知选C。
2.【2018年山东省青岛】We should have ________ breakfast every day to keep healthy.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们应该每天早晨吃早饭来保持健康。根据不定冠词a/an一个,表泛指,a用于辅音开头的单词前,an用于元音开头的单词前;定冠词the这个,那个,通常用于特指,三餐前用零冠词;故选C
点睛:不定冠词的用法1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类。2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明。3.表示“一”这个量词。4.用于某些固定词组中,例如:a few。定冠词的用法 1.特指某人或某物。2.指双方都知道的人或物。3.指上文提到过的人或物。4.用于世界上独一无二的事物前,例如:the moon。5.用于序数词和最高级前。
3.【2018年四川成都市】 –Who is boy playing soccer over there?
-He is my classmate, Li Ping.
A. a B. 不填 C. the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——在那边儿正在踢足球的男孩是谁?——他是我的同学,李萍。文中playing soccer over there在这里是现在分词做后置定语,这里表示特指用定冠词the。根据题意,故选C。
点睛:定冠词和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
4.【2018年天津市】There is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在起居室的角落里有一架钢琴。本题考查冠词。In the corner of在···角落,固定短语,可排除B,D;old的第一个音素是元音音素,元音音素前使用an,可排除B;故正确答案是A。
5.【2018年云南省】There is _______ umbrella behind the door.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
【答案】B
【解析】句意:门后有一把伞。本题考查冠词。定冠词the和名词连用表示某个或某些特定的人或物,本句只是说“门后有一把伞”并不是特指那一把伞,故可排除C;英语中的单数可数名词一般不单独使用要和冠词连用,可排除D;不定冠词a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前面;an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。umbrella的第一个因素是元音音素/ ?/。可排除A,故正确答案是B。
6.【2018年浙江省温州市】---Will you go to _____ school-leavers' party tomorrow?
--- Certainly. I'm going with my parents.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:---你明天会去参加离校生的派对吗?---当然。我要和父母一起去。这里指的是“那个”离校生的派对,不是随便的某一个派对,是特指,故选定冠词the,选C。
7.【2018年上海】My uncle bought a car yesterday. _________ car was made in Guangzhou.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。上文已经提到事物(car),“My uncle bought a car yesterday.”故如果再次提到该事物(car)时,前面要加上定冠词the
8.【2018年陕西】Look at __________ eraser on the floor. Whose is it?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C.
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。名词(eraser)后有修饰语(on the floor),此时该名词
(eraser)被限定,即特指,此时名词前要加定冠词the。
9. 【2018年广东】_______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. / B. A C. An D. The
【答案】D
【解析】 本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。姓氏名词前加定冠词the时,表示一家人或夫妻俩。
本题中指“格林一家人正在为即将到来的感恩节做准备”。
10. 【2018年福州】There is no living thing on _______ moon.
A. the B. a C. / D. an
【答案】A.
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。指世界上独一无二的事物时,要加定冠词the,如the sun,
the moon, the sky, the earth等。
11.【2018年贵阳】Victor can play ________piano. He can join the music club.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。西洋乐器(piano/violin等)与play搭配使用时要在前
面加上定冠词the。
12. 【2018年衢州】Li Na is one of ______ most popular tennis players in China.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】 本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。形容词最高级及序数词前面通常要加定冠词the,如the
most successful singers; the 15th International Film Festival。
13. 【2018江苏淮安】This summer, I’m going to visit________ Great Wall.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。由普通名词组合构成的专有名词前要加定冠词the(包
括部分海洋、河流、山脉以及部分国家名)。如:the East China sea, the Jinggang Mountains, the United States,he Summer Palace等。
14.【2018年遵义】We should offer the seats to old on the bus.
A. an B. \ C. the D. a
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定冠词the的基本用法。the加上某些形容词,如old, young, rich, poor, sick, blind,
dead, the deaf, the wounded等表示这一类人或物。本题中指老年人(the old)。
15.【2018年河南】--Would you like ______ red dress as a birthday present, Mary?
--Sorry, mom. I prefer _______ orange one.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
【答案】D.
【解析】本题考查不定冠词a/an的基本用法。不定冠词a/an加单数可数名词可以泛指“一个”,
相当于one,但并不强调数量。另外an放在元音音素开头的单词前,a放在辅音音素开头的单词前。red是辅音音素开头的单词,orange是元音音素开头的单词,故选D。
16. 【2018河南】--What is your mother?
--She is ________ English teacher.
A. the B. / C. an D. a
【答案】C.
【解析】本题考查不定冠词a/an的基本用法。不定冠词a/an加单数可数名词可以表示“一类人或
一类事物”。本题表示“她是英语老师”。English是元音音素开头的单词,故选C。
17. 【2018兰州】Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second?
A. the B. a C. / D. An
【答案】B.
【解析】本题考查不定冠词a/an的基本用法。不定冠词用在表示数量、时间等名词前,表示“每
一(单位)……的价格、速度等”。本题中second是时间单位“秒”的意思,指“飞船大概每秒飞行19,000千米,故选B。
18. 【2018自贡】--I hear your friend is visiting San Ya again. Is it the second time for him?
--Yes, and he will come for time next spring.
A. a third B. a second C. the third D. an second
【答案】A.
【解析】本题考查不定冠词a/an的基本用法。不定冠词a/an用在序数词前有特殊的意义,意为
“再一个(次),又一个(次)”,相当于another。本题意为“他明年春天会再来的”。
19.【2018连云港】--Is Mr. Francois Hollande an honest and capable man?
--Yes. And that is why he was chosen ____________ president of France.
A. a B. / C. the D. an
【答案】B.
【解析】本题考查零冠词的基本用法。称呼、头衔、职位名词前一般不加冠词。本题中表示“那
就是他被选为法国总统的原因”。法国总统(president of France)前面没有修饰语,故不用冠词。
20. 【2018绵阳】Hurry up! If we miss the last bus, we’ll have to get home by _____taxi.
A. the B. an C. / D. a
【答案】C.
【解析】 本题考查零冠词的基本用法。介词by与交通工具连用时,交通工具名词前不用冠词。
本题中表示“我们将乘出租车回家”。
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