中考英语动词时态及语态学案
考情分析
动词的时态是谓语动词表示动作发生时的各种形式。英语动词一共有16种时态，但初中英语教学大纲要求掌握6种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。另外过去完成时、过去将来时和现在完成进行时4种时态只要求理解。从近几年的命题趋势来看，中考考查的内容主要是教学大纲要求掌握的时态；一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法；短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与for；since短语或从句连用；have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的时态等。
学习目标
1. 了解中考动词时态题的常考形式及常考方向；
2. 掌握动词时态的知识框架；
3. 掌握各种时态的基本用法；
4. 准确完成动词时态题的相关练习。
动词时态定义及分类
不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种表示动作或情况发生时间的各种形式就是时态。
词
的
时
态
一般现在时
主语+动词原形
主语+动词第三人称单数
一般过去时
主语+动词过去式
一般将来时
主语+be going to do
主语+will/shall do
现在进行时
主语+be doing
过去进行时
主语+was/were doing
现在完成时
主语+have/has done
过去完成时
主语+had done
过去将来时
主语+was/were going to do
主语+would/should do
现在完成进行时
主语+have/has been doing
考点一 一般现在时
概念:一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:一般现在时用动词原形表示。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。be动词随主语人称、数的不同，有am, is, are三种形式的变化。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有often, usually, sometimes, always, hardly ever, seldom, never, at times, every day, once a week等，有时可以不使用。
用法：
1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。
如：①My uncle goes to Hainan Island once a week. 我叔叔一周去一次海南岛。
②Where do you usually go on Sundays? 你周日通常去哪儿？
2. 表示现在的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态。
如：①She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。
②I am much better now than before. 我现在比以前好多了。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
4. 由when, as soon as, until, after, before等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。
如：I’ll send an e-mail to you as soon as I arrive in London. 我一到伦敦就会给你发邮件。
5.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作.
如：There goes the bell.
动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
第三人称单数形式
在动词原形后加-s
runs,likes
以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es
teach-teaches,wash-washes,pass-passes,go-goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es
study-studies,try-tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s
stay-stays,play-plays
一般现在时的易错点
不要漏掉-s或-es
【误】He often wash his own clothes.
【正】He often washes his own clothes.
不要随意加not或am, is, are
【误】His father is teach law in a school.
【正】His father teaches law in a school.
【误】We not like reading.
【正】We don’t like reading.
【误】Are they agree to buy you a car?
【正】Do they agree to buy you a car?
不要重复使用“第三人称单数”
【误】Does your father cooks at home?
【正】Does your father cook at home?
【误】Where does your father has lunch?
【正】Where does your father have lunch?
不要漏掉谓语do (特别是在否定句或疑问句中)
【误】My father doesn’t the housework.
【正】My father doesn’t do the housework.
【误】Do the students morning exercises every day?
【正】Do the students do morning exercises every day?
例1：(2018·河北)Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else ______ so well.
A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. is singing
例2： (2018·湖南湘西) —I think Karen should go swimming with Kate.
—If she______, she will have great fun.
A. does B. do C. will do
例3：(2018?湖北十堰)36. Kevin will be healthier than before as long as he _______ less meat and more vegetables.
A. eat B. eats C. will eat D. eaten
考点二 一般过去时
概念:一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态。
构成:一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式有规则和不规则变形两种。动词be的过去式为was, were，其中was用于第一人称单数和第三人称单数，were用于其他人称。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 1998, this morning, one day, once upon a time, long long ago等。
用法
1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：①Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 突然，乌云消散，雨停了。
②I was very thin in my childhood. 我孩提时特别瘦。
2. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。
如: ①I got up very early when I was in primary school. 我上小学时起床非常早。
②They often helped each other when they were at school. 他们在学校的时候常常相互帮助。
3. 有些句子中没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用过去时。
如：I didn’t know you lived in Paris. 我不知道你住在巴黎。（那是我不知道你住在巴黎，但现在知道了，这里暗指But now I know you live in Paris.）
实义动词的过去式形式
规则动词的过去式
一般情况
在动词末尾-ed
walk—walked cook—cooked
以字母e结尾
直接-d
taste—tasted like—liked
以元音字母加一辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写末尾的辅音字母-ed
stop—stopped plan—planned
refer—referred
“辅音字母+y”结尾的
变y为i，再加-ed，
study—studied worry—worried
不规则变化动词的过去式
1. 把动词原形中的i改为a
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam
2. 把重读开音节中的i改为o
drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote
3. 改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
4. 动词原形中的e改为o
get—got，forget—forgot
5. 动词原形中的ee改为e
feed—fed，meet—met
6. 动词原形中的eep改为ept
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
7. 动词原形中的eak改为oke
break—broke，speak—spoke
8. 动词原形中的ell改为old
sell—sold，tell—told
9. 动词原形中的an改为oo
stand—stood，understand—understood
10. 以ought和aught结尾的
bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11. 以ould结尾的
can—could，shall—should，will—would
12. 动词原形中的o改为a
come—came，become—became
13. 动词原形后加d或t变
hear—heard， say—said，mean—meant
14. 动词的过去式与动词原形一样
let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read
15. 不符合上述规律的动词过去式
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have /has— had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took
一般过去时的易错点
误用was/were
[误]It were sunny yesterday．
[正]It was sunny yesterday．
乱用was/were
[误]Mr. Wang was went to Shanghai last Monday.
[正]Mr. Wang went to Shanghai last Monday.
[误]Was Lucy watch TV last night?
[正] Did Lucy watch TV last night?
动词过去式拼写错误
[误] The car stoped in front of the post office.
[正] The car stopped in front of the post office.
动词原形与动词过去式记混
[误] Mrs. Zhang taughts us English last term.
[正] Mrs. Zhang teaches us English last term.
实义动词不还原(特别是构成疑问句和否定句时)
[误]-Did Lucy watched TV last night?
-Yes, she did.
[正]-Did Lucy watch TV last night?
-Yes, she did.
[误]The children weren’t had a good time in the park just now.
[误]The children didn’t had a good time in the park just now.
[正] The children didn’t have a good time in the park just now.
6. 前后句时态不一致
[误]He put on his coat and goes out ten minutes ago.
[正]He put on his coat and went out ten minutes ago.
[误]When his father got home, he goes to bed.
[正] When his father got home, he went to bed.
例：（2018?上海中考)The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon.
A.last B.lasted C.will last D.has lasted
考点三 现在进行时
概念：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。
用法
1.表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
如：①He is watching TV now. 现在他正在看电视。
②Look! They are playing basketball on the playground. 看！他们正在操场上打篮
2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。
如：We are working on a farm these days.这些天我们一直在农场干活。
3. 表示位置转移的词，如go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时表将来，一般同表示将来的时间状语连用。
如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他明天要去上海。
没有进行时的动词：
（1）表示感觉的感官动词，如：see, hear, notice等。
如：Do you hear the noise of the plane? 你听见飞机的声音了吗？
（2）表示态度、感情、心理状态等的词，如：like, love, want, hope, hate, know,think, agree, believe等。
如：I love my mother.我爱我的妈妈。
（3）have/has作“拥有”讲时。
如：Do you have a book? 你有一本书吗？
动词现在分词的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
现在分词
在动词原形后加-ing
read-reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
live-living,write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing
sit-sitting,begin-beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing
die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
例1：（2018·海南中考）—May I use your computer?
—Sorry. I______ on it.
A. work B. am working C. have worked
例2：(2018?湖北十堰)33. —Sam, let’s go to the cinema. There’s a new movie called Avengers III(复仇者联盟3).
—Not now. I ______ my brother David with his English.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
例3：（2018·广西桂林）Look! They?______?basketball on the playground.
A. play B. plays C. are playing
例4：(2018·四川宜宾中考) —I can’t find Jimmy. Where is he?
—He _________ in the garden at the moment.
A. works B. will work C. is working
考点四 过去进行时
概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
构成：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有at that moment, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night, when, while, just as等。
用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
如：What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening? 昨天晚上9点钟你正在做什么？
2. 表示从过去某一事件的角度看将要发生的动作，常用于瞬间动词，如：go, come, leave, fly等。
如：They were leaving a few days later. 几天以后他们要离开。
3. 用在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过
去时。
如：①While we were talking, the boy came in. 当我们正在交谈的时候，这个男孩进来了。
②They were watching TV when I entered the room.当我进入房间的时候，他们正在看电视。
4.当两个延续性动作同时进行时,两者都可以使用过去进行时。
如：I was reading the newspaper while I was waiting for the bus.我一边看报纸,一边等公共汽车。
5.过去进行时常和always等表示频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。
如：Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽斯总是改变主意。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去时表示过去发生的一个单纯事实，动作往往已经结束。
如：①Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. （信已经写完）
②Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. （信不一定写完）
例1：(2018·广东省)—I saw the light of you room was still on at two o’clock last night.
—Oh, I a football match of the Russia World Cup.
A. watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watching
例2：（2018?贵州黔南)Mary________ a math problem with her classmates when the math teacher knocked at the classroom door.
A. has discussed B. was discussed C. was discussing D. discusses
例3：（2018·湖北随州）—Did you see a girl with an English book in her hand pass by just now?
—No, sir. I ______ a magazine.
A. read B. am reading C was reading D would read
例4：(2018·江西)31. Sorry I'm late. I_____ with a friend and I completely forgot the time.
A. talk B. am talking C. was talking D. will talk
考点五 一般将来时
概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成：
1.主语+be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形+其他。
2. 主语+will（shall用于第一人称）+动词原形+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week, next week/month等。
will与be going to的区别
be going to强调的是在说话时刻之前已经考虑过的，即强调计划性和安排性；will强调的是主观意愿，具有随意性。
如：①He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 当他长大后他打算成为一名医生。
②I will give her a hand whenever she asks me for help.
无论什么时候她向我请求帮助，我都会向她伸出援助之手。
一般将来时的其他用法
1.有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作。这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。这类动词常见的有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等。
如：①I am coming. 我就来。
②He is flying to Australia tomorrow. 他明天就要飞往澳大利亚了。
2. 在由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句和由when（当……时候），until（直到……）， as soon as（一……就……）等引导的时间状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如：①Let’s finish the work before it is dark. 让我们在天黑之前把活干完。
②I’ll send you an e-mail as soon as I arrive in New York. 我一到纽约就会给你发邮件。
【注意】
①表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,begin等可用一般现在时表示预定要发生的动作。
如：School begins on September 1st.九月一日开学。
Tony goes to Hainan tomorrow.托尼明天要去海南。
②在带有时间或条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句带有将来含义,从句应该用一般现在时表达将来含义。
如：I’ll give him the message as soon as I see him.我一看见他就会把口信给他。
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我们就去购物。
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.直到公交车停下来你才能下车。
一般将来时的易错点
there be句型的一般将来时容易丢掉be动词
【误】There is going to a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
【正】There is going to be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
will和be going to的乱用
【误】There will be going to have a meeting tomorrow.
【正】There will be a meeting tomorrow.
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用“will/情态动词+动词原形”
【误】Work hard, and you pass the exam.
【正】Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
例1：（2018?上海中考)35. Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching
例2：（2018?四川泸州)Robots more heavy work for us in the future.
A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing
例3：(2018·甘肃天水)34.We’re not sure if it tomorrow. If it , we won’t climb the South Hill.
A.will rain, rains B.will rain, will rain
C.rains, rains D.rains, will rain
例4：(2018?河南中考) —Honey, where are you?
—I ______. Just let me put on my shoes.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. have come
考点六 过去将来时
概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:用“助动词would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”表示。
时间状语:常用的时间状语有the next day, the following week等。
用法：过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。
如：①I didn’t know if she would come. 我不知道她是否会来。
②He said that he would ring me up. 他说他会给我打电话。
考点七 现在完成时
概念:现在完成时表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
构成:助动词（have, has）+过去分词。过去分词有规则和不规则变形两种，规则动词的过去分词的变形与该动词过去式的变形相同。
时间状语：常与already, just, yet, lately, recently, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before等连用。
用法
1.表示结束、结果。动作发生在过去，而且终止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。
如：①I’ve written down some ideas. 我已经写下了一些想法。
②I’ve just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成了我的作业。
2.表示继续。动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去，要用持续性动词（否定句除外）。常与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用（for+一段时间, since+时间开始的起点）。常用的时间状语还有in the last（past）...， for a long time, so far, ever since等。
如:①I have studied at this school for two years. 我在这所学校上了两年学了。
②Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
自从这家工厂开办以来，王叔叔就在这儿工作。
表示经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。
如：I have never been to Mount Emei before.我以前从未去过峨眉山。
动词的过去式与过去分词变化规则
形式
构成
例词
过去式与过去分词(规则变化)
在动词原形后加-ed
work-worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed
carry-carried
Study-studied
以e结尾的动词,直接加-d
live-lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed
stop-stopped
plan-planned
注意：
1.现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, just now, last Sunday, in 1999, two weeks ago, when I arrived等；但可以和包括现在在内的一些时间状语连用，如today, this week, this month, this term, this year等。
如：We have learned 500 English words this term. 我们这学期学了500个英语单词。
现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）等连用。应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。
转换情况如下：
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
finish
be over
die
be dead
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
join
be in
leave
be away
如：①He has been away since last week. 自从上周他就离开了。
②How long have you kept the books? 你借这些书多长时间了？
注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven’t borrowed a book fora long time. 我好长时间没有借过一本书了。
have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别：have/has been to表示“去过某地”，已经回来了或有去过某地的经历；have/has gone to表示“去某地了”，还没有回来。
如：①Mary has been to Shanghai twice. 玛丽去过上海两次。（玛丽已不在上海了）
②Mary has gone to Shanghai. 玛丽到上海去了。（玛丽已不在出发地了）
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
侧重点不同。现在完成时是与现在有关的状态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
如：①I closed the door five minutes ago.
我五分钟前关上了门。（强调动作发生在过去，现在门是否关上无从知晓）
②I have closed the door. 我已经关上了门。（强调门现在是关着的）
例1：(2018·广东省)It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong to more than 1,000 so far.
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D will increased
例2：(2018·湖南湘潭) My cousin 100 model planes since 2015.
A. collects B. is collecting C. has collected
例3： (2018·湖南湘西) —Where do you live. Lin Tao?
—I live in Beijing now. I _____here for ten years.
A. moved B. have moved C. have been
C【解析】考查现在完成时用法。句意：——林涛，你住在哪里？——现在我住在北京。我住在这里已经10年了。由for ten years可推知用完成时，排除A；和“一段时间”连用，完成时的谓语动词用延续性动词been，故选C。
例4：(2018·湖南怀化)26.—Where is your father?
— He isn’t at home. He_______ Zhijiang.
has gone to B. has been to C. have been to
例5：(2018·湖北黄冈) —Your?new?watch?is?so?nice!?When?did?you?buy?it? ?—In?April.?I __________?it?for?two?months. ??A.?have?had?? B.?had?? C. have?bought?? D.?bought
考点八 过去完成时
构成:助动词had+动词的过去分词。
用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常与by, before, by the end of, by the time （that）等引导的时间状语从句连用。
如：①She had known my brother for three years before I met her.
在我见到她以前，她认识我哥哥已经3年了。
②By 10：30 she still hadn’t arrived. 到10：30时她还没到。
③I found the letter after he had gone away. 他走了以后我找到了那封信。
2. 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中。主句谓语为过去式（said, asked, told等），从句用过去完成时，此时从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
如：She said she had worked in a foreign company for five years before she became an English teacher.
她说在成为一名英语教师之前她已在一家外国公司工作了5年。
考点九 被动语态
被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词。
被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
(1)主动变被动时双宾语的变化。
(2)主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变)；(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
(4)情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be ＋过去分词。
(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式做主补。
(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
2．不能用被动语态的几种情况。
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist to等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
(7)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。
3．主动形式表被动意义。
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
(2)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(5)在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
例1：(2018四川成都中考)The opening of the 2018 Word Cup ______ in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!
A. would be held B. is held C. will be held
例2：(2018·江苏盐城)A lot of new roads?__________?in order to develop the villages in the next five years.
A. built B. were built C. build D. will be built
例3：(2018·四川遂宁)Do you know the 32nd Olympic Games______ in Tokyo in 2020?
A. is held B. hold C. will hold D. will be held
例4： (2018·湖南永州中考) —Is our playground still over there?
—No, a large library on it two years ago.
A.is built B. was built C. has built
例5：（2018?广西贵港中考)Children under 12 years old ride sharing bikes. It’s too dangerous.
A. shouldn’t allow to B. shouldn’t allow
C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. shouldn’t be allowed
中考英语动词时态及语态学案
考情分析
动词的时态是谓语动词表示动作发生时的各种形式。英语动词一共有16种时态，但初中英语教学大纲要求掌握6种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。另外过去完成时、过去将来时和现在完成进行时4种时态只要求理解。从近几年的命题趋势来看，中考考查的内容主要是教学大纲要求掌握的时态；一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法；短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与for；since短语或从句连用；have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的时态等。
学习目标
1. 了解中考动词时态题的常考形式及常考方向；
2. 掌握动词时态的知识框架；
3. 掌握各种时态的基本用法；
4. 准确完成动词时态题的相关练习。
动词时态定义及分类
不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种表示动作或情况发生时间的各种形式就是时态。
词
的
时
态
一般现在时
主语+动词原形
主语+动词第三人称单数
一般过去时
主语+动词过去式
一般将来时
主语+be going to do
主语+will/shall do
现在进行时
主语+be doing
过去进行时
主语+was/were doing
现在完成时
主语+have/has done
过去完成时
主语+had done
过去将来时
主语+was/were going to do
主语+would/should do
现在完成进行时
主语+have/has been doing
考点一 一般现在时
概念:一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:一般现在时用动词原形表示。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。be动词随主语人称、数的不同，有am, is, are三种形式的变化。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有often, usually, sometimes, always, hardly ever, seldom, never, at times, every day, once a week等，有时可以不使用。
用法：
1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。
如：①My uncle goes to Hainan Island once a week. 我叔叔一周去一次海南岛。
②Where do you usually go on Sundays? 你周日通常去哪儿？
2. 表示现在的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态。
如：①She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。
②I am much better now than before. 我现在比以前好多了。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
4. 由when, as soon as, until, after, before等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。
如：I’ll send an e-mail to you as soon as I arrive in London. 我一到伦敦就会给你发邮件。
5.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作.
如：There goes the bell.
动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
第三人称单数形式
在动词原形后加-s
runs,likes
以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es
teach-teaches,wash-washes,pass-passes,go-goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es
study-studies,try-tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s
stay-stays,play-plays
一般现在时的易错点
不要漏掉-s或-es
【误】He often wash his own clothes.
【正】He often washes his own clothes.
不要随意加not或am, is, are
【误】His father is teach law in a school.
【正】His father teaches law in a school.
【误】We not like reading.
【正】We don’t like reading.
【误】Are they agree to buy you a car?
【正】Do they agree to buy you a car?
不要重复使用“第三人称单数”
【误】Does your father cooks at home?
【正】Does your father cook at home?
【误】Where does your father has lunch?
【正】Where does your father have lunch?
不要漏掉谓语do (特别是在否定句或疑问句中)
【误】My father doesn’t the housework.
【正】My father doesn’t do the housework.
【误】Do the students morning exercises every day?
【正】Do the students do morning exercises every day?
例1：(2018·河北)Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else ______ so well.
A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. is singing
A 考查动词时态。句意：Gary是我班最好的歌手，没其他人唱歌有他那么好。根据语境知，这里表示的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时态。故选A。
例2： (2018·湖南湘西) —I think Karen should go swimming with Kate.
—If she______, she will have great fun.
A. does B. do C. will do
A【解析】考查if条件状语从句用法。句意：——我想卡伦应该和凯特一起去游泳。——如果她去, 她将会非常快乐。if引导条件状语从句，主句表示一般将来时，从句只用一般现在时，可排查C；又主语she是第三人称单数，故选A。
例3：(2018?湖北十堰)36. Kevin will be healthier than before as long as he _______ less meat and more vegetables.
A. eat B. eats C. will eat D. eaten
B【解析】考查动词的时态 句意：凯文只要少吃肉，多吃蔬菜，他的身体将会更健康。句中的as long as引导条件状语从句。主句和从句的时态符合“主将从现”的规律。故选B。
考点二 一般过去时
概念:一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态。
构成:一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式有规则和不规则变形两种。动词be的过去式为was, were，其中was用于第一人称单数和第三人称单数，were用于其他人称。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 1998, this morning, one day, once upon a time, long long ago等。
用法
1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：①Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 突然，乌云消散，雨停了。
②I was very thin in my childhood. 我孩提时特别瘦。
2. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。
如: ①I got up very early when I was in primary school. 我上小学时起床非常早。
②They often helped each other when they were at school. 他们在学校的时候常常相互帮助。
3. 有些句子中没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用过去时。
如：I didn’t know you lived in Paris. 我不知道你住在巴黎。（那是我不知道你住在巴黎，但现在知道了，这里暗指But now I know you live in Paris.）
实义动词的过去式形式
规则动词的过去式
一般情况
在动词末尾-ed
walk—walked cook—cooked
以字母e结尾
直接-d
taste—tasted like—liked
以元音字母加一辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写末尾的辅音字母-ed
stop—stopped plan—planned
refer—referred
“辅音字母+y”结尾的
变y为i，再加-ed，
study—studied worry—worried
不规则变化动词的过去式
1. 把动词原形中的i改为a
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam
2. 把重读开音节中的i改为o
drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote
3. 改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
4. 动词原形中的e改为o
get—got，forget—forgot
5. 动词原形中的ee改为e
feed—fed，meet—met
6. 动词原形中的eep改为ept
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
7. 动词原形中的eak改为oke
break—broke，speak—spoke
8. 动词原形中的ell改为old
sell—sold，tell—told
9. 动词原形中的an改为oo
stand—stood，understand—understood
10. 以ought和aught结尾的
bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11. 以ould结尾的
can—could，shall—should，will—would
12. 动词原形中的o改为a
come—came，become—became
13. 动词原形后加d或t变
hear—heard， say—said，mean—meant
14. 动词的过去式与动词原形一样
let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read
15. 不符合上述规律的动词过去式
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have /has— had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took
一般过去时的易错点
误用was/were
[误]It were sunny yesterday．
[正]It was sunny yesterday．
乱用was/were
[误]Mr. Wang was went to Shanghai last Monday.
[正]Mr. Wang went to Shanghai last Monday.
[误]Was Lucy watch TV last night?
[正] Did Lucy watch TV last night?
动词过去式拼写错误
[误] The car stoped in front of the post office.
[正] The car stopped in front of the post office.
动词原形与动词过去式记混
[误] Mrs. Zhang taughts us English last term.
[正] Mrs. Zhang teaches us English last term.
实义动词不还原(特别是构成疑问句和否定句时)
[误]-Did Lucy watched TV last night?
-Yes, she did.
[正]-Did Lucy watch TV last night?
-Yes, she did.
[误]The children weren’t had a good time in the park just now.
[误]The children didn’t had a good time in the park just now.
[正] The children didn’t have a good time in the park just now.
6. 前后句时态不一致
[误]He put on his coat and goes out ten minutes ago.
[正]He put on his coat and went out ten minutes ago.
[误]When his father got home, he goes to bed.
[正] When his father got home, he went to bed.
例：（2018?上海中考)The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon.
A.last B.lasted C.will last D.has lasted
B【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：昨天下午关于是否养宠物的争论持续了四十分钟。根据后面的表示过去具体时间状语yesterday afternoon可知此处要用一般过去时，故选B。
考点三 现在进行时
概念：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。
用法
1.表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
如：①He is watching TV now. 现在他正在看电视。
②Look! They are playing basketball on the playground. 看！他们正在操场上打篮
2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。
如：We are working on a farm these days.这些天我们一直在农场干活。
3. 表示位置转移的词，如go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时表将来，一般同表示将来的时间状语连用。
如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他明天要去上海。
没有进行时的动词：
（1）表示感觉的感官动词，如：see, hear, notice等。
如：Do you hear the noise of the plane? 你听见飞机的声音了吗？
（2）表示态度、感情、心理状态等的词，如：like, love, want, hope, hate, know,think, agree, believe等。
如：I love my mother.我爱我的妈妈。
（3）have/has作“拥有”讲时。
如：Do you have a book? 你有一本书吗？
动词现在分词的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
现在分词
在动词原形后加-ing
read-reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
live-living,write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing
sit-sitting,begin-beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing
die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
例1：（2018·海南中考）—May I use your computer?
—Sorry. I______ on it.
A. work B. am working C. have worked
B【解析】考查动词时态。由答语sorry可知不能借电脑，原因是我正在使用，本句应用现在进行时态。故选B。
例2：(2018?湖北十堰)33. —Sam, let’s go to the cinema. There’s a new movie called Avengers III(复仇者联盟3).
—Not now. I ______ my brother David with his English.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
C【解析】考查动词的时态 句意：—萨姆，我们去看电影吧，有一场复仇者联盟3。—现在不行，我在帮助我的弟弟大卫学英语。根据not now可知要用现在进行时态。故选C。
例3：（2018·广西桂林）Look! They?______?basketball on the playground.
A. play B. plays C. are playing
C考查动词时态。句意：看！他们正在操场上打篮球。look或listen等词单独用构成祈使句时，其后的句子多用现在进行时，故选C。
例4：(2018·四川宜宾中考) —I can’t find Jimmy. Where is he?
—He _________ in the garden at the moment.
A. works B. will work C. is working
C 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语at the moment(此刻)可判断出用现在进行时。
考点四 过去进行时
概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
构成：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有at that moment, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night, when, while, just as等。
用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
如：What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening? 昨天晚上9点钟你正在做什么？
2. 表示从过去某一事件的角度看将要发生的动作，常用于瞬间动词，如：go, come, leave, fly等。
如：They were leaving a few days later. 几天以后他们要离开。
3. 用在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过
去时。
如：①While we were talking, the boy came in. 当我们正在交谈的时候，这个男孩进来了。
②They were watching TV when I entered the room.当我进入房间的时候，他们正在看电视。
4.当两个延续性动作同时进行时,两者都可以使用过去进行时。
如：I was reading the newspaper while I was waiting for the bus.我一边看报纸,一边等公共汽车。
5.过去进行时常和always等表示频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。
如：Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽斯总是改变主意。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去时表示过去发生的一个单纯事实，动作往往已经结束。
如：①Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. （信已经写完）
②Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. （信不一定写完）
例1：(2018·广东省)—I saw the light of you room was still on at two o’clock last night.
—Oh, I a football match of the Russia World Cup.
A. watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watching
D考查时态。句意：昨天夜里两点我看见你房间的灯依然亮着。——哦，我正在观看俄罗斯世界杯足球比赛。语境中有时间提示at two o’clock last night，可知watch a football match为当时正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故选D。
例2：（2018?贵州黔南)Mary________ a math problem with her classmates when the math teacher knocked at the classroom door.
A. has discussed B. was discussed C. was discussing D. discusses
C【解析】考查时态。句意：当数学老师敲教室门时候，玛丽正在和她的同学讨论问题。根据“knocked”可知是过去进行时。故选C。
例3：（2018·湖北随州）—Did you see a girl with an English book in her hand pass by just now?
—No, sir. I ______ a magazine.
A. read B. am reading C was reading D would read
C考查动词时态用法。句意：—刚刚有没有看到一个拿着英语书的女孩经过？—没有，先生。那会儿我正在看杂志。根据问句did…just now.可知事情发生在过去。故回答用过去进行时“was reading”表示过去正在发生的动作。故选C。
例4：(2018·江西)31. Sorry I'm late. I_____ with a friend and I completely forgot the time.
A. talk B. am talking C. was talking D. will talk
C考查动词时态。句意：抱歉，我迟到了。我和一个朋友聊天，我完全忘记了时间。talk动词原形；am talking现在进行时；was talking过去进行时；will talk一般将来时。and后用一般过去时，根据语境可知，我（过去）正在和朋友聊天，完全忘记时间。故选C。
考点五 一般将来时
概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成：
1.主语+be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形+其他。
2. 主语+will（shall用于第一人称）+动词原形+其他。
时间状语：常用的时间状语有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week, next week/month等。
will与be going to的区别
be going to强调的是在说话时刻之前已经考虑过的，即强调计划性和安排性；will强调的是主观意愿，具有随意性。
如：①He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 当他长大后他打算成为一名医生。
②I will give her a hand whenever she asks me for help.
无论什么时候她向我请求帮助，我都会向她伸出援助之手。
一般将来时的其他用法
1.有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作。这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。这类动词常见的有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等。
如：①I am coming. 我就来。
②He is flying to Australia tomorrow. 他明天就要飞往澳大利亚了。
2. 在由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句和由when（当……时候），until（直到……）， as soon as（一……就……）等引导的时间状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如：①Let’s finish the work before it is dark. 让我们在天黑之前把活干完。
②I’ll send you an e-mail as soon as I arrive in New York. 我一到纽约就会给你发邮件。
【注意】
①表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,begin等可用一般现在时表示预定要发生的动作。
如：School begins on September 1st.九月一日开学。
Tony goes to Hainan tomorrow.托尼明天要去海南。
②在带有时间或条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句带有将来含义,从句应该用一般现在时表达将来含义。
如：I’ll give him the message as soon as I see him.我一看见他就会把口信给他。
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我们就去购物。
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.直到公交车停下来你才能下车。
一般将来时的易错点
there be句型的一般将来时容易丢掉be动词
【误】There is going to a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
【正】There is going to be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
will和be going to的乱用
【误】There will be going to have a meeting tomorrow.
【正】There will be a meeting tomorrow.
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用“will/情态动词+动词原形”
【误】Work hard, and you pass the exam.
【正】Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
例1：（2018?上海中考)35. Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching
C【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：迈克尔将于明年2月至6月在云南的一所学校任教。根据后面的表示将来的时间状语next year可知此处要用一般将来时，故选C。
例2：（2018?四川泸州)Robots more heavy work for us in the future.
A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing
A 考查动词时态。句意：机器人将来做更多繁重的工作。根据时间状语in the future可知，应用一般将来时态表达。故选A。
例3：(2018·甘肃天水)34.We’re not sure if it tomorrow. If it , we won’t climb the South Hill.
A.will rain, rains B.will rain, will rain
C.rains, rains D.rains, will rain
A 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：我们不能确定明天是否将要会下雨。如果下雨的话，我们将不去爬南山。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格处是if引导的宾语从句，由句中的时间状语tomorrow可知：动词要用一般将来时will rain；第二个空格处是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。
例4：(2018?河南中考) —Honey, where are you?
—I ______. Just let me put on my shoes.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. have come
C 【解析】考查动词的时态。——亲爱的,你在哪里?——我这就来。等我穿上鞋。根据语境应用将来时态，此处用现在进行时的结构表将来。故选C。
考点六 过去将来时
概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:用“助动词would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”表示。
时间状语:常用的时间状语有the next day, the following week等。
用法：过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。
如：①I didn’t know if she would come. 我不知道她是否会来。
②He said that he would ring me up. 他说他会给我打电话。
考点七 现在完成时
概念:现在完成时表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
构成:助动词（have, has）+过去分词。过去分词有规则和不规则变形两种，规则动词的过去分词的变形与该动词过去式的变形相同。
时间状语：常与already, just, yet, lately, recently, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before等连用。
用法
1.表示结束、结果。动作发生在过去，而且终止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。
如：①I’ve written down some ideas. 我已经写下了一些想法。
②I’ve just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成了我的作业。
2.表示继续。动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去，要用持续性动词（否定句除外）。常与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用（for+一段时间, since+时间开始的起点）。常用的时间状语还有in the last（past）...， for a long time, so far, ever since等。
如:①I have studied at this school for two years. 我在这所学校上了两年学了。
②Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
自从这家工厂开办以来，王叔叔就在这儿工作。
表示经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。
如：I have never been to Mount Emei before.我以前从未去过峨眉山。
动词的过去式与过去分词变化规则
形式
构成
例词
过去式与过去分词(规则变化)
在动词原形后加-ed
work-worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed
carry-carried
Study-studied
以e结尾的动词,直接加-d
live-lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed
stop-stopped
plan-planned
注意：
1.现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, just now, last Sunday, in 1999, two weeks ago, when I arrived等；但可以和包括现在在内的一些时间状语连用，如today, this week, this month, this term, this year等。
如：We have learned 500 English words this term. 我们这学期学了500个英语单词。
现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）等连用。应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。
转换情况如下：
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
finish
be over
die
be dead
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
join
be in
leave
be away
如：①He has been away since last week. 自从上周他就离开了。
②How long have you kept the books? 你借这些书多长时间了？
注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven’t borrowed a book fora long time. 我好长时间没有借过一本书了。
have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别：have/has been to表示“去过某地”，已经回来了或有去过某地的经历；have/has gone to表示“去某地了”，还没有回来。
如：①Mary has been to Shanghai twice. 玛丽去过上海两次。（玛丽已不在上海了）
②Mary has gone to Shanghai. 玛丽到上海去了。（玛丽已不在出发地了）
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
侧重点不同。现在完成时是与现在有关的状态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
如：①I closed the door five minutes ago.
我五分钟前关上了门。（强调动作发生在过去，现在门是否关上无从知晓）
②I have closed the door. 我已经关上了门。（强调门现在是关着的）
例1：(2018·广东省)It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong to more than 1,000 so far.
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D will increased
C考查时态。句意：据说到目前为止广东省森林公园的数量已经超过一千个。so far句用现在完成时，the number of…意为“……的数量”，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
例2：(2018·湖南湘潭) My cousin 100 model planes since 2015.
A. collects B. is collecting C. has collected
C 考查现在完成时。句意：从2015年起我的表哥已经收集了一百个飞机模型。since 2015意为“自从2015年起”，表从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态，因此句子应用现在完成时。
例3： (2018·湖南湘西) —Where do you live. Lin Tao?
—I live in Beijing now. I _____here for ten years.
A. moved B. have moved C. have been
C【解析】考查现在完成时用法。句意：——林涛，你住在哪里？——现在我住在北京。我住在这里已经10年了。由for ten years可推知用完成时，排除A；和“一段时间”连用，完成时的谓语动词用延续性动词been，故选C。
例4：(2018·湖南怀化)26.—Where is your father?
— He isn’t at home. He_______ Zhijiang.
has gone to B. has been to C. have been to
A【解析】考查现在完成时态。句意为：你父亲在哪里? 他不在家。他 浙江。has gone to已经去了；has/have been to曾经去过。从答语内容可知他不在此处，故用“已经去了”故选A。
例5：(2018·湖北黄冈) —Your?new?watch?is?so?nice!?When?did?you?buy?it? ?—In?April.?I __________?it?for?two?months. ??A.?have?had?? B.?had?? C. have?bought?? D.?bought A考查动词时态判断。句意：—你的新手表很好看，你什么时候买的？—四月份，我已经买了两个月了。由句意推断该句应使用现在完成时，buy是终止性动词，与时间段连用时，需将buy改为have。故选A。
考点八 过去完成时
构成:助动词had+动词的过去分词。
用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常与by, before, by the end of, by the time （that）等引导的时间状语从句连用。
如：①She had known my brother for three years before I met her.
在我见到她以前，她认识我哥哥已经3年了。
②By 10：30 she still hadn’t arrived. 到10：30时她还没到。
③I found the letter after he had gone away. 他走了以后我找到了那封信。
2. 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中。主句谓语为过去式（said, asked, told等），从句用过去完成时，此时从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
如：She said she had worked in a foreign company for five years before she became an English teacher.
她说在成为一名英语教师之前她已在一家外国公司工作了5年。
考点九 被动语态
被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词。
被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
(1)主动变被动时双宾语的变化。
(2)主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变)；(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
(4)情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be ＋过去分词。
(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式做主补。
(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
2．不能用被动语态的几种情况。
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist to等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
(7)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。
3．主动形式表被动意义。
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
(2)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(5)在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
例1：(2018四川成都中考)The opening of the 2018 Word Cup ______ in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!
A. would be held B. is held C. will be held
C 此题考查时态和被动语态。句中“after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!”提示this evening还没有到来，所以要用将来时，只有C满足时态要求;再看动词与主语之间的关系，动词为hold,主语为the 2018 World Cup，根据句意理解世界杯是被举办的，所以在满足时态的基础上还要满足被动语态要求，故选C。
例2：(2018·江苏盐城)A lot of new roads?__________?in order to develop the villages in the next five years.
A. built B. were built C. build D. will be built
D?考查动词时态和语态。句意：为了发展农村，很多新的公路将要在以后五年里被建。根据时间状语“in the next five years”可知应用一般将来时；“roads”和动词“build”被被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
例3：(2018·四川遂宁)Do you know the 32nd Olympic Games______ in Tokyo in 2020?
A. is held B. hold C. will hold D. will be held
D 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境2020可知，事情发生在将来，故用一般将来时，且hold和句子主语the 23th Olympic Games构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态形式，即：will +be+done 的形式，故选D。
例4： (2018·湖南永州中考) —Is our playground still over there?
—No, a large library on it two years ago.
A.is built B. was built C. has built
B【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：——我们的操场还在那吗？——没有，两年前，建了一个大的图书馆。图书馆是被建的，应用被动语态；根据时间状语“两年前”判断时态为过去时。故选C。
例5：（2018?广西贵港中考)Children under 12 years old ride sharing bikes. It’s too dangerous.
A. shouldn’t allow to B. shouldn’t allow
C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. shouldn’t be allowed
C【解析】考查被动语态的用法辨析。句意：12岁以下的孩子们不应该被允许骑共享单车。太危险了。根据语境可知应用allow的被动语态形式be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。故选C。
动词时态及语态专项练习
动词时态
含时间标志词
1. (2018北京)—Where did you go last weekend?
—I ________ to the Great Wall.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
2. (2018北京)Please don't make so much noise. The baby ________ now.
A. sleeps B. slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping
3. (2018北京)It's nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2014.
A. won't see B. don't see C. haven't seen D. didn't see
4. (2018上海)Last week Vivian________ a dress for her mother with her first-month salary.
A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buy
5. (2018天津)My mother ________ dinner when I got home yesterday.
A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks
6. (2018天津)—What a nice watch! How long ________ you ________ it?
—For just two weeks.
A. will; buy B. have; had C. were; having D. did; buy
7. (2018重庆A卷)I________ the History Museum twice. I've learned a lot there.
A. visit B. am visiting C. have visited D. will visit
8. (2018重庆B卷)I ________ Chinese dishes for my foreign friends tomorrow evening.
A. will cook B. have cooked C. cook D. cooked
9. (2018广东)With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ________ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing
10. (2018福州)—The boy misses his parents very much.
—So he does. They ________ the hometown for nearly two years.
A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from
11. (2018福州)—Pass the raincoat to me, please. It ________ hard now.
—Here you are.
A. is raining B. rained C. will rain
12. (2018青海)—It's a great pity that the famous football player has gone to another club.
—Don't worry! They ________ another top star recently.
A. buy B. bought C. have bought
13. (2018哈尔滨)—Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now?
—Certainly. In the principal's office. They ________ happily at that time.
A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking
14. (2018青岛)William Shakespeare ________ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.
A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead
15. (2018威海)—Is that a new coat?
—No, I________ it for a long time.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had
16. (2018临沂)—Did you call Jenny?
—Oh no, I forgot. I ________ her right away.
A. called B. have called C. call D. will call
17. (2018湘潭)Marcus is our foreign teacher. He ________ in our school for two years.
A. was B. will be C. has been
18. (2018资阳)—Look, the light is still on in Helen's office.
—Maybe she ________ her work yet.
A．doesn't finish B．won't finish C．hasn't finished D．didn't finish
19. (2018天水)By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes.
A. has been on B. had been on C. had stopped D. had begun
20. (2018漳州)—How did the accident happen?
—The girl ________ Wechat(微信) while walking across the street.
A. reads B. is reading C. was reading
21. (2018安顺)—I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
—Sorry, I ________ football with my friends at that time.
A. play B. played C. will play D. was playing
22. (2018齐齐哈尔)He ________ the city since he graduated from college.
A. has left B. left C. has been away from
23. (2018泉州)—Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3, Kelly?
—Not yet. I________ it with my classmate tonight.
A. will watch B. was watching C. have watched
24. (2018黄石)Many scientists believe that robots ________ able to talk like humans in 50 years.
A. were B. are C. will be D. have been
25. (2018随州)—Have you returned the book to the library yet?
—Not yet. Don't worry. I ________ it soon.
A. return B. returned C. have returned D. will return
26. (2018十堰)—I heard your father had gone to Beijing on business.
—Yes. And he ________ in three weeks.
A. will return B. has returned C. returned D. returns
27. (2018桂林)Mrs Black ________ some flowers in the garden yesterday.
A. picks B. picked C. is picked
28. (2018泰安)—Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol?
—Yes, I ________ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.
A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed
29. (2018温州)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. takes B. took C. will take D. has taken
30. (2018泰州)—Mom, I want to watch The Legend of Miyue(芈月传) on Channel 8 tonight.
—Oh, dear, it ________ for a few minutes. Come on!
A. has begun B. will begin C. has been on D. will be on
31. (2018玉林)—How long ________ you ________ Little Women?
—I am due to return it in two weeks.
A. have; borrowed B. will; lend C. will; keep D. have; got
32. (2018 镇江)—Have you been to Suning Plaza(苏宁购物中心) in our city?
—No. Although it ________ for more than a week, I'm far too busy to go there.
A. has started B. has been on C. has been open D. has opened
33. (2018眉山)My father ________ my mother fifteen years ago, so far they ________ for fifteen years.
A. married; married B. has married; has been married
C. married; have been married D. have married; married
无时间标志词(即：通过语境判断)
34. (2018上海)This medicine________ millions of people's lives since it was put into use.
A. is saving B. will save C. has saved D. had saved
35. (2018重庆A卷)Don't worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you________ away on business.
A. are B. were C. will be D. have been
36. (2018陕西)My mother ________ a good example for me since I was young.
A. was B. has been C. will be D. is
37. (2018河北)Oh no! I________ my book in the lab.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. was leaving
38. (2018河北)Grandpa________ glasses when he reads.
A. wears B. wore C. has worn D. was wearing
39. (2018河北)Just go down this road and you ________ the library next to the bank.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
40. (2018河北)Our team ________ another point! I am sure we'll win the game.
A. will get B. has got C. is getting D. was getting
41. (2018河南)—There is someone knocking at the door.
—It must be the computer repairman. I ________ him to come to fix my computer.
A. call B. have called C. called D. will call
42. (2018河南)Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain, but all the happiness happens while you ________ it.
A. climb B. climbed C. are climbing D. have climbed
43. (2018宁夏)—Look! Someone ________ the classroom.
—Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.
A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. will clean
44. (2018广东)School violence(暴力) ________ much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.
A. drew B. will draw C. has drawn D. was drawing
45. (2018江西)The water ________ dark and dirty. It's no longer safe to drink.
A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming
46. (2018 江西)—May I speak to Mrs. Black?
—Sorry, mum can't come to the phone now. She ________ a shower.
A. has B. had C. is having D. was having
47. (2018南京)—Hi, Nora. Is your mother at home?
—Just a minute! She ________ flowers in the garden.
A. plant B. is planting C. planted D. was planting
48. (2018长沙)—Your coat fits you well.
—Thank you. I ________ it when I was on vacation.
A. have bought B. buy C. bought
49. (2018武汉)—Who is that lady?
—She's Miss Green. She ________ us music, and she is so good.
A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching
50. (2018武汉)—Sorry, Tom. I can't find the book you ________ me.
—It's OK. I don't need it any more.
A. lend B. have lent C. will lend D. lent
51. (2018厦门)—It's the second time I came to Xiamen. It ________ a lot.
—Yes, it's more and more beautiful.
A. was changing B. has changed C. will change
52. (2018成都)—Lily, where is your father now? Go and get him for lunch.
—Just a moment, please. Father ________ a phone call in his room.
A. makes B. is making C. was making
53. (2018兰州)My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making
54. (2018西宁)—Would you like to see the movie Zootopia with us?
—I'd love to! But I ________ it.
A. saw B. see C. will see D. have seen
55. (2018呼和浩特)—I have to be off right now.
—What a pity! I ________ you could stay a little longer with us.
A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking
56. (2018扬州)—Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
—No, sir. I ________ my car.
A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing
57. (2018苏州)—Oh, dear! A power cut!
—Sorry, I didn't know you ________ the washing machine.
A. are using B. used C. use D. were using
58. (2018苏州)—Hobo and Eddie ________ the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.
—Oh, that's why I can't find them now.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to
59. (2018黄冈)—Where are you going, Bob?
—To go hiking. Eric________ for me at the school gate!
A. was waiting B. waits C. waited D. is waiting
60. (2018无锡)My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ________ half of it.
A. missed B. was missing C. will miss D. would miss
61. (2018绵阳)—Anita, where is your brother?
—He ________ out in the garden with a group of kids.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played
62. (2018宁夏)—You can't smoke here.
—Sorry, I ________ the sign.
A. don't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. won't see
63. (2018咸宁)—Today's young people can't live without smart phones.
—They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they ________ meals.
A. have B. are having C. were having D. will have
64. (2018内江)I can't find my wallet anywhere. I'm sure I ________ it.
A. lost B. will lose C. lose D. have lost
65. (2018烟台)—Lucy has ________ to London. How can I get in touch with her?
—Don't worry. She will phone you as soon as she ________ there.
A．been, will get B．been, gets C．gone, will get D．gone, gets
66. (2018新疆建设兵团)Nobody knows if he ________. If he ________ here, I'll call you at once.
A. will come; will arrive B. will come; arrives
C. comes; will arrive D. comes; arrives
动词语态
含语态提示词by
1. (2018曲靖)—Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?
—Yes, I really like him. He ________ by many people around the world.
A. admire B. admires C. is admired D. is admiring
2. (2018湘潭)The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. was invented B. is invented C. invented
3. (2018丹东)With the development of China, Chinese ________ by a large number of people in the world.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. speak D. is speaking
4. (2018黄石)—Why does the earth look blue in space?
—Because most of the earth's surface ________ by ocean.
A. covers B. is covered C. cover D. are covered
5. (2018遵义)—Why the restaurant ________ to close by government?
—Because of its high prices on food. Businessmen must be honest, you know.
A. will be asked B. was asked C. is asked
6. (2018株洲)Artemisinin ________ by Tu Youyou, a great Chinese scientist.
A. was invented B. invented C. has invented
无语态提示词
7. (2018河北)Emily is glad that she________ for her honesty at that meeting.
A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
8. (2018广东)He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited
9. (2018成都)You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you ________ to in the US.
A. are not invited B. are invited C. will be invited
10. (2018青岛)Children should ________ to be honest from a young age.
A. educate B. be educated C. punish D. be punished
11. (2018黄冈)—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him?
—No problem! I think he________ to think twice before starting.
A. should be told B. can tell C. should tell D. can be telling
12. (2018临沂)Now all Chinese couples ________ to have two children.
A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. were allowed
13. (2018扬州)—Have you finished your report on green life?
—Not yet. I'll make it if I ________ another two days.
A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given
14. (2018乐山)To my surprise, I ________ from hundreds of students to speak to teachers, parents and fellow students.
A. was chosen B. would choose C. chose
15. (2018郴州)—What happened to Billy?
—He ________ because of his drunk-driving.
A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught
16. (2018齐齐哈尔)Tourists________ because of their impolite behavior in our country from now on.
A. will punish B. will be punished C. is punishing
17. (2018北京)A new road ________ near my school next year.
A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built
18. (2018天津)Paper ________ first ________ about 2，000 years ago in China.
A. is; creating B. is; created C. has; created D. was; created
19. (2018重庆A卷)Students do less homework now. Usually it________ before 9 o'clock in the evening.
A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished
20. (2018重庆B卷)—Mom, where is my model plane?
—Oh, it ________ to Jenny yesterday.
A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent
21. (2018河南)We are going to take the high-speed train to Xi'an tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station ________．
A. advises B. is advised C. is advising D. was advised
22. (2018安徽)When the baby dog________， it was very hungry. So we gave it some food.
A. is found B. was found C. has been found D. will be found
23. (2018陕西)Football ________ to our school subjects last year.
A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added
24. (2018 江西)I plan to build an unusual house. It ________ out of old things.
A. is built B. has built C. was built D. will be built
25. (2018南京)It's reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre ________ in September this year.
A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed
26. (2018长沙)Now smart phones ________ in many ways in our daily life.
A. are used B. is used C. are using
27. (2018泰安)More chances ________ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.
A．provide B．are provided C．provided D．will provide
28. (2018盐城)In Switzerland, things like glass and plastic ________ into different groups and then recycled.
A. separate B. separated C. are separated D. is separated
29. (2018巴中)As far as I know, tea plants ________ on the sides of mountains.
A. are growed B. are grown C. grow
30. (2018广安)—You speak Chinese very well, Sam.
—Thanks. Chinese is very popular. It________ widely in the world.
A. speaks B. is spoke C. was spoken D. is spoken
31. (2018泸州)Every year many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. plant B. have planted C. are planted D. were planted
32. (2018随州)—Waiter, I'd like some Ningbo Dumplings.
—Sorry, sir. Ningbo Dumplings________ only for lunch and dinner.
A. serve B. served C. are served D. are serving
33. (2018十堰)A year has four seasons and it ________ twelve months.
A. divided into B. is dividing into C. was divided into D. is divided into
34. (2018淮安)—Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?
—It's my daughter. The picture ________ 10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
35. (2018西宁)—I want to borrow the book, but I don't know how long it may ________.
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. be borrowed C. keep D. be kept
36. (2018泰州)Lunar Probe(月球探测器) Chang'e-5 ________ into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples(样品)．
A. sends B. will be sent C. will send D. is sent
答案及解析
动词时态
1.B【解析】考查一般过去时。句意“上周末你去哪儿了？”“我去长城了。”分析问句，上周去的地方应用一般过去时，故选B。
6.B【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“多么漂亮的手表！你买它多长时间了？”“仅仅两周。”由答语“For just two weeks.”可知本句是现在完成时，且two weeks是一段时间，不可与瞬间性动词连用，buy为瞬间性动词，have为延续性动词，指“拥有”，故选B。
12.C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“这位著名的足球运动员去了其他俱乐部，真是太遗憾了。”“不要担心！他们最近已经买了另一个顶级明星。”答语中的recently是现在完成时的标志词。故选C。
13.C【解析】考查过去进行时。句意“你可以告诉我你刚才在哪里找到高老师的吗？”“当然，在校长办公室，他们那时正高兴地交谈。”由句意可知那时正在高兴地谈话，用过去进行时。故选C。
18.C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“看，海伦办公室的灯还亮着。”“也许她还没有完成她的工作。”答句中的yet常用于现在完成时，故选C。
24.C【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：许多科学家相信50年后机器人将能像人类一样说话。由时间状语“in 50 years”可知用一般将来时，故选C。
25.D【解析】考查一般将来时。句意“你把书归还给图书馆了吗？”“还没有。别担心。不久我将会还的。”根据下文的Don't worry 和soon可知用一般将来时。故选D。
31.C【解析】考查一般将来时和动词词义辨析。句意“《小妇人》这本书你要借多久？”“我会两周以后按期归还。”根据答语中的时间状语“in two weeks”可知问句要用一般将来时；结合句意，动词应当选择keep，故选C。
37.B【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：哦不！我把书忘到实验室了。分析语境可知，书忘到实验室，应是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故选B。
38. A【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：爷爷看书的时候戴着眼镜。分析句意并结合语境可知，读书和戴眼镜两个动作同时发生，对习惯性或经常发生的一种状态的描述，应用一般现在时。故选A。
44.C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：校园暴力已经引起了整个社会更多的注意，人们正呼吁政府尽早出台法律来抵制这个问题。根据语境可知校园暴力已经引起了整个社会的关注，应该用现在完成时。故选C。
49.B【解析】考查一般现在时。句意“那位女士是谁？”“她是格林小姐。她教我们音乐，而且人很好。”根据答语的后半句“and she is so good”可知用一般现在时，故选B。
50.D【解析】考查一般过去时。句意“对不起，汤姆。我找不到你借给我的书。”“没事。我不再需要它了。”根据句意可知借(出)书发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选D。
51. B【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“这是我第二次来厦门。它已经改变了许多。”“是的，它越来越漂亮了。”此处表达：厦门已经变化了很多。用现在完成时，故选B。
57. D【解析】考查过去进行时。句意“噢，乖乖！停电了！”“抱歉，我不知道你刚才正在用洗衣机。”根据“I didn't know”可知用一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也应该是过去时，表示停电的时候对方正在使用洗衣机，即过去进行时。故选D。
62. B【解析】考查一般过去时。句意“你不能在这儿吸烟。”“对不起，我没有看见标志。”此处表示对话前没有看到不能抽烟的标志，应用一般过去时，故选B。
动词语态
1.C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你喜欢著名篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我非常喜欢他。他被全世界很多人崇拜。”根据语境可知用一般现在时，同时科比“被”崇拜，用被动语态，故选C。
6.A【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：青蒿素是被一名伟大的中国科学家屠呦呦发明的。主语Artemisinin与谓语动词invent之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据句意可知，本句是一般过去时。故选A。
7.D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：艾米丽很高兴在那个会议上她因为诚实受到表扬。由句意可知，主语she与谓语动词praise之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可知本题应该使用被动语态。再根据关键词“at that meeting”可知应使用一般过去时。故选D。
12.C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在所有中国夫妻可以被允许有两个孩子。分析句子结构可知，主语“all Chinese couples”与谓语动词之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；又由时间状语“Now”可知用一般现在时。故选C。
16.B【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：从现在起，在我们的国家，游客会因为他们的不文明行为被惩罚。根据语境，有不文明行为的游客将被惩罚，应使用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语结构will be ＋过去分词。故选B。
17.D【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：明年，一条新公路将在我的学校附近被修建。根据A new road与谓语动词build之间构成动宾关系，可知本题应用被动语态。再根据关键词next year可知应使用一般将来时。故选D。
21.B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：我们明天将要乘高铁去西安，因此建议早早到达车站。early arrival与advise是动宾关系，故用被动语态。结合语境可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
26.A【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在智能手机在我们的日常生活中被用在许多方面。分析句子结构可知，主语smart phones与谓语动词use之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语smart phones是复数名词，be动词用are，故选A。
27.B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：如果小组学习，那么更多相互学习的机会会被提供给学生们。分析句子结构可知，主语“More chances”与谓语动词“provide”之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选B。
32.C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“服务员，我想吃宁波汤圆。”“对不起，先生。宁波汤圆只有午餐和晚餐提供。”Ningbo Dumplings 和serve之间为动宾关系，故此处应使用被动语态。故选C。
36.B【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：嫦娥5号月球探测器将于今年被发送至太空。它将在月球着陆并且带着月球样本回归。从后句“It will land on the moon”可知，嫦娥5号月球探测器还没有发射，因此本句应使用一般将来时。由于“探测器”与“发射”之间是动宾关系，因此为被动语态。故选B
课件88张PPT。中考英语复习
——动词时态及语态 动词时态分类不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种表示动作或情况发生时间的各种形式就是时态。构成考点一 一般现在时概念:一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:一般现在时用动词原形表示。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。be动词随主语人称、数的不同，有am, is, are三种形式的变化。一般现在时时间状语
常用的时间状语有often, usually, sometimes, always, hardly ever, seldom, never, at times, every day, once a week等，有时可以不使用。
用法
1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。
如：①My uncle goes to Hainan Island once a week.
我叔叔一周去一次海南岛。
②Where do you usually go on Sundays?
你周日通常去哪儿？2. 表示现在的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态。
如：①She likes singing and dancing.
她喜欢唱歌跳舞。
②I am much better now than before.
我现在比以前好多了。3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳东升西落。
4. 由when, as soon as, until, after, before等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。
如：I’ll send an e-mail to you as soon as I arrive in London.
我一到伦敦就会给你发邮件。
-12-【巧学妙记】 一般现在时用法口诀
学习一般现在时,基本用法要熟悉。
表示动作常发生,特征性格和能力。
存在状态和习惯,客观事实与真理。
如果主语是单三,谓语就要变一变。考点二 一般过去时概念:一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态。
构成:一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式有规则和不规则变形两种。动词be的过去式为was, were，其中was用于第一人称单数和第三人称单数，were用于其他人称。一般过去时时间状语
常用的时间状语有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 1998, this morning, one day, once upon a time, long long ago等。用法
表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：①Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.
突然，乌云消散，雨停了。
②I was very thin in my childhood.
我孩提时特别瘦。2. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。
如: ①I got up very early when I was in primary school.
我上小学时起床非常早。
②They often helped each other when they were at
school.
他们在学校的时候常常相互帮助。3. 有些句子中没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用过去时。
如：I didn’t know you lived in Paris.
我不知道你住在巴黎。（那是我不知道你住在巴
黎，但现在知道了，这里暗指But now I know you
live in Paris.） -19-【巧学妙记】 一般过去时用法口诀
动词一般过去时,过去时间作标记。
表示过去发生事,谓语要用过去式。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添。
疑问构成也简单,主语前面did添。
还有一点不能忘,后面的谓语现原形。考点三 现在进行时 概念：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语
1. 常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。现在进行时2. 没有进行时的动词：
（1）表示感觉的感官动词，如：see, hear, notice等。如：Do you hear the noise of the plane?
你听见飞机的声音了吗？
（2）表示态度、感情、心理状态等的词，如：like, love, want, hope, hate, know,think, agree, believe等。
如：I love my mother.我爱我的妈妈。
（3）have/has作“拥有”讲时。
如：Do you have a book? 你有一本书吗？ 用法
表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
如： ①He is watching TV now. 现在他正在看电视。
②Look! They are playing basketball on the playground.
看！他们正在操场上打篮2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。
如：We are working on a farm these days.
这些天我们一直在农场干活。
3. 表示位置转移的词，如go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时表将来，一般同表示将来的时间状语连用。
如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
他明天要去上海。 -25-【巧学妙记】 现在进行时用法口诀
句子的主语在句首,am,is,are动词跟在后。
现在分词跟着走,其他成分不可丢。
表示动作正进行,句中now时间定。
一般疑问句很简单,be动词提到前。
否定句式也简单,be后只把not添。考点四 过去进行时概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
构成：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他。
如：She was writing a story at that time.
那时她正在写一个故事。过去进行时时间状语
常用的时间状语有at that moment, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night, when, while, just as等。用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening?
昨天晚上9点钟你正在做什么？
2. 表示从过去某一事件的角度看将要发生的动作，常用于瞬间动词，如：go, come, leave, fly等。
如：They were leaving a few days later.
几天以后他们要离开。3. 用在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性
动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过
去时。
如：①While we were talking, the boy came in.
当我们正在交谈的时候，这个男孩进来了。
②They were watching TV when I entered the room.
当我进入房间的时候，他们正在看电视。 -32-4.当两个延续性动作同时进行时,两者都可以使用过去进行时。
I was reading the newspaper while I was waiting for the bus.我一边看报纸,一边等公共汽车。
5.过去进行时常和always等表示频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。
Alice was always changing her mind.
艾丽斯总是改变主意。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去时表示过去发生的一个单纯事实，动作往往已经结束。如：①Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
（信已经写完）
②Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
（信不一定写完）考点五 一般将来时概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时构成：
主语+be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形+其他。
如：What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天你打算做什么？
2. 主语+will（shall用于第一人称）+动词原形+其他。
如：I’ll go and visit her next Friday.
下个星期五我要去拜访她。
时间状语
常用的时间状语有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week, next week/month等。will与be going to的区别
be going to强调的是在说话时刻之前已经考虑过的，即强调计划性和安排性；will强调的是主观意愿，具有随意性。
如：①He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
当他长大后他打算成为一名医生。
②I will give her a hand whenever she asks me for help.
无论什么时候她向我请求帮助，我都会向她伸出
援助之手。一般将来时的其他用法
有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作。这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。这类动词常见的有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等。
如：①I am coming. 我就来。
②He is flying to Australia tomorrow.
他明天就要飞往澳大利亚了。2. 在由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句和由when（当……时候），until（直到……）， as soon as（一……就……）
等引导的时间状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如：①Let’s finish the work before it is dark.
让我们在天黑之前把活干完。
②I’ll send you an e-mail as soon as I arrivein New York.
我一到纽约就会给你发邮件。 -42-【注意】
①表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,begin等可用一般现在时表示预定要发生的动作。
School begins on September 1st.九月一日开学。
Tony goes to Hainan tomorrow.托尼明天要去海南。②在带有时间或条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句带有将来含义,从句应该用一般现在时表达将来含义。
I’ll give him the message as soon as I see him.
我一看见他就会把口信给他。
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain.
如果不下雨,我们就去购物。
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.
直到公交车停下来你才能下车。-44-【巧学妙记】 一般将来时用法口诀
一般将来时,将要发生事。
谓语不一般,will加动原。
要变一般疑问句,will放在主语前。
否定句也不难,will后面not添。考点六 过去将来时概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:用“助动词would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”表示。
时间状语:常用的时间状语有the next day, the following week等。过去将来时用法
过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。
如：
①I didn’t know if she would come.
我不知道她是否会来。
②He said that he would ring me up.
他说他会给我打电话。考点七 现在完成时概念:现在完成时表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
构成:助动词（have, has）+过去分词。过去分词有规则和不规则变形两种，规则动词的过去分词的变形与该动词过去式的变形相同。
现在完成时时间状语
常与already, just, yet, lately, recently, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before等连用。用法
表示结束、结果。动作发生在过去，而且终
止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。
如：①I’ve written down some ideas.
我已经写下了一些想法。
②I’ve just finished my homework.
我刚刚完成了我的作业。2.表示继续。动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去，要用持续性动词（否定句除外）。常与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用（for+一段时间, since+时间开始的起点）。常用的时间状语还有in the last（past）...， for a long time, so far, ever since等。如:①I have studied at this school for two years.
我在这所学校上了两年学了。
②Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
自从这家工厂开办以来，王叔叔就在这儿工作。
3. 表示经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。如：I have never been to Mount Emei before.
我以前从未去过峨眉山。注意事项
现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, just now, last Sunday, in 1999, two weeks ago, when I arrived等；但可以和包括现在在内的一些时间状语连用，如today, this week, this month, this term, this year等。
如：We have learned 500 English words this term.
我们这学期学了500个英语单词。2. 现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）等连用。应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。转换情况如下：
borrow→keep, buy→have, die→be dead, come （to）→be （in）, go/leave→be away, become→be, fall asleep→be asleep, begin→be on, go out→be out, join→be a member of, marry→be married。如：
①He has been away since last week.
自从上周他就离开了。
②How long have you kept the books?
你借这些书多长时间了？
注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven’t borrowed a book fora long time.
我好长时间没有借过一本书了。3. have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别：have/has been to表示“去过某地”，已经回来了或有去过某地的经历；have/has gone to表示“去某地了”，还没有回来。如：
①Mary has been to Shanghai twice.
玛丽去过上海两次。（玛丽已不在上海了）
②Mary has gone to Shanghai.
玛丽到上海去了。（玛丽已不在出发地了）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
侧重点不同。现在完成时是与现在有关的状态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如：
①I closed the door five minutes ago.
我五分钟前关上了门。（强调动作发生在过去，现在门是否关上无从知晓）
②I have closed the door.
我已经关上了门。（强调门现在是关着的）考点八 过去完成时构成:助动词had+动词的过去分词。
用法:
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或
动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常与by, before, by the end of, by the time （that）等引导的时间状语从句连用。过去完成时如：①She had known my brother for three years before
I met her.
在我见到她以前，她认识我哥哥已经3年了。
②By 10：30 she still hadn’t arrived.
到10：30时她还没到。
③I found the letter after he had gone away.
他走了以后我找到了那封信。2. 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中。主句谓语为过去式（said, asked, told等），从句用过去完成时，此时从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
如：She said she had worked in a foreign company for
five years before she became an English teacher.
她说在成为一名英语教师之前她已在一家外国公司
工作了5年。考点九 被动语态被动语态
被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词。
被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
(1)主动变被动时双宾语的变化。
(2)主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变)；(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
(4)情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be ＋过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式做主补。
(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。2．不能用被动语态的几种情况。
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist to等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
(7)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。3．主动形式表被动意义。
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
(2)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(5)在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。练一练1. —Could you help me clean the floor, Bob?
—Wait a moment. I ______ for some information about the World Cup. (2018山东莱芜)
A. search B. have searched
C. am searching D. was searching C 2. —I ______ you here, but you didn’t come.
—I’m terribly sorry. I was so busy that I forgot.
(2018江苏常州)
A. would expect B. was expecting
C. am expecting D. have expectedB 3.The robot ___ my mother sweep the floor when she got home. (2018辽宁葫芦岛)
A. was helping B. is helping
C. will help D. helpsA 4. — I have seen the film The Jurassic World Ⅱ《侏罗纪世界Ⅱ》. It’s very interesting.
—Really? When ____ you _____ it?
(2018黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. have, seen B. did, see C. will, seeB 5. If it ____ sunny, we ____ camping this weekend. (2018四川遂宁)
A. get; will go B. gets; will go
C. gets; go D. will get; goB 6. My sister ______ the piano very well, but she hasn’t had time to play recently. (2018湖北武汉中考)
A. will play B. has played
C. played D. playsD 7. Listen! Mr. Black _____ a talk on robots in the hall. （2018重庆B卷）
A. gives B. is giving
C. will gave D. gaveB 8. Liu Chuanjian, the command pilot of Sichuan Airlines Flight 3U8633, successfully __________ down the plane last month. (2018江苏宿迁)
A. has brought B will bring
C. brought D. bringC 9. —Have you ever been to South Tower Park?
—Yes. I ________ there a few months ago. (2018湖南郴州)
A. went B. have been C. have goneA 10.— Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—Yes. I _______ there with my parents last year. (2018天津)
A. go B. went C. will go D. have goneB 11．(2018·江苏南京中考)—Simon, do you know who invented the kite?
—Sure! It ___ by Mozi over 2，000 years ago.
A．is invented B．invented
C．was invented D．will be invented C 12．(2018·江苏盐城中考)A lot of new roads ___ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.
A．built B．were built
C．build D．will be built D 13．(2018·辽宁沈阳中考)There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ___by robots in the future.
A．is done B．was done
C．will be done D．will do C 14．(2018·天津中考)Dr. Bethune ___ still ___ in both China and Canada today.
A．is; remembered B．is remembering
C．will; remember D．has; remembered A 谢谢21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
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