中考英语复习非谓语动词学案
考情分析
非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词作主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。
学习目标
1. 掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法；
2. 准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。
非谓语动词的定义及句法功能
1. 非谓语动词的定义: 非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
如： His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.
(playing 在本句中不是充当谓语，而是充当表语，称为非谓语动词)
2. 非谓语动词的句法功能
动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
如： To see is to believe.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)
The boy likes walking to school.那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。(作宾语)
Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。(作补语)
3. 非谓语动词的三种形式
动词的非谓语形式可以分为动词不定式、动词-ing形式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种。
考点一 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的句法功能
1）?作主语
如：To learn English well is not easy. 或? It is not easy to learn English well.
【注意】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.
例1：(2018·广东省)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.
A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build
例2：(2018·湖南怀化)29.It’s necessary for us_______ English well.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn
辨析：It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 如： It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 2）作表语, 常见可用不定式做表语的名词有ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim等.
?如：My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语,如作want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等的宾语
如：Tom can't afford to buy a car at present.
Most of us like to watch football matches.
例1：（2018·海南中考） The policeman warned the man______ after drinking.
A. not to drive B. to drive C. driving
例2：（2018?贵州黔南)Parents should always tell their kids ________ with strangers.
A. not to talk B. not talking C. to not talk D. not talk
例3：（2018?上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant.
A.open B.opened C.to open D. opening
注意：当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。常构成以下句型（sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）
4）作宾语补足语tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补
如：She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.
5) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原to
如：I saw him cross the road.
My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.
He told me to be here on time.
6）作定语
①不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面
如：On the farm everyone has lots of work to do
②不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词
如：There is nothing to worry about.
I want a pen to write with.
He is looking for a room to live in.
③不定式修饰不定代词something, anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”
如：I had something cold to drink. I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语
表目的 如：He worked day and night to earn money.
表结果 如：The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.
表原因 如：They were very sad to hear the news. He stopped to have a look.
注意：对作状语的不定式to do 提问，用疑问代词why
例1：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) We set up this group ______ disabled people like Ben Smith.
A. help B. to help C. helping
例2：（2018. 贵州安顺）—You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.
— OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved
3.动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. ? (不定式作宾语)
?????? (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)
?????? (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
例1：(2018?河南中考) —Excuse me. Do you know _______?
—Sorry, I don’t know, either.
A. how to check out a book B. when will the concert begin
C. that there is a bank near here D. how long the meeting would last
例2：(2018江苏扬州)5. — Mr Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided ______ first？
— Yes. The Little Prince.
how to read B. which to read C. when to read D. where to read
4.省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词 let, have, make： 例：(2018·山东东营) 动词填空 Let us (67) _______ (have) it a little longer!”
2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 如： A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.
例：(2018·山东临沂) 23. I didn’t see you ______ in. You must have been very quiet.
A. comes B. to come C. come D. have come
3）would rather，had better + do
4) why not do; can’t but do
如：Why not have a rest?
I can’t but walk to school.
5) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略to
如：I want to visit him and ask for some help.
5.动词不定式的特殊句型
（1）too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。
（2）enough to...表示“……足够……”。
如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。
（3）Why don’t you +不带to的不定式？=Why not +不带to的不定式？
如：Why don’t you get her a photo album?
=Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？
（4）had better + (not) +不带to的不定式。
如：You’d better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。
（5）Will you please+不带to的不定式?
如：Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗？
（6）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
如： She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thoughts behind it rather than receive a lot of money.
她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
6.不定式的难点
用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。
例： (2018·四川宜宾中考)We all look forward to _______ you again soon.
A. see B. seeing C. seen
考点二 动名词
1.动名词具有名词的功能，在句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语。
(1)作主语。
①动名词作主语，直接位于句首，作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。
Getting up early is good for our health. 早起对我们的健康是有好处的。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
例1：（2018·广东深圳）语法填空
“48. (find) a job in China can be really simple.
例2：(2018·甘肃天水)44.—You look worried. You’d better your problem with others.
—Oh, yes. a problem is like cutting it in half.
A.share, Sharing B.sharing, To share
C.to share, To share D.share, Shared
②如果并列的动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。
【注意】： 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词作主语时，
不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
如：It is fun playing with children.
（2）作表语。 动名词作表语时主语、表语可互换位置。
His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.
=Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
（3）作定语。动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途。
如： a washing machine
=a machine for washing
=a machine which is used for washing
There were many people in the waiting room before dark.
天黑之前候车室里还有好多人。
（4）作宾语
①常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy doing sth
喜欢做某事
finish doing sth
做完某事
keep doing sth
坚持做某事
practice doing sth
练习做某事
mind doing sth
介意做某事
suggest doing sth
建议做某事
spend ...doing sth
花时间/钱做某事
consider doing sth
考虑做某事
例1： (2018·湖南湘西) —Can you come to my birthday party tonight?
—Yes, I’d love to. But I have to finish _____my English homework first.
A. doing B. to do C. does
例2：（2018?上海中考) Sue practises______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A.play B.played C.to play D.playing
例3：(2018·湖北襄阳)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. You’d better avoid ________in the center of the city.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. driven
②只能接动名词短语
be interested in doing sth
对……感兴趣
be busy
忙于做某事
give up
放弃做某事
end up
结束做某事
put off
推迟做某事
feel like
想要做某事
can’t help
禁不住
have fun
做某事有乐趣
have a good time
have a hard time
have trouble/problem/difficulty(in)
做某事有困难
look forward to
期待做某事
pay attention to
注意做某事
make a contribution to
为……做贡献
prefer...to...
喜欢……胜于
be/get used to
习惯于做某事
keep/stop...from..
阻止……做
可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
【注意】
(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘了做过某事
forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）
need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义）
need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）
例1：（2018?贵州黔南)Please stop________ and go out for a walk. Remember ________ warm clothes.
A. to study; wearing B. studying; to wear
C. to study; to wear D. studying; wearing
例2：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Sam, don’t forget the book to the library tomorrow.
—OK, I won’t.
A. return B. returning C. returned D.to return
（2）感官动词后接不定式或现在分词
感官动词后既可接不带to 的不定式，也可接现在分词;接不定式时指“（看到、听到、见到）全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。
如：I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。
考点三 分词
1. 分类
分词常常扮演形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。
2. 现在分词用法
1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时
如：He is reading an interesting book now.
作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后
如：China is a developing country.
The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.
3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态
【注意】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释
如：My job is teaching. (句中的teaching为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。
My job is interesting. (句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。
4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表动作正在进行或动作的持续
【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作
如：I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
例：(2018·山东滨州)动词应用
When crossing through a large forest, they saw an old man (81) __________ (stand) under a tree,
作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。
如：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
3. 过去分词的用法
1) 帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时
如：I have already finished my homework.
帮助构成被动语态
如：Now we are not allowed to touch it.
3) 作定语：(相当于一个被动语态的定语从句)
过去分词是单个单词时，一般用于名词前;过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面
如：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
例：（2018. 贵州安顺）—Tom, have you ever read the book《A Tale of Two Cities》_______by Charles Dickens ?
—Yes , I finished reading it last winter vocation．
A. wrote B. to write C. writing D. written
作表语：常具有形容词的特征，表示主语的特征、状态或感情等
如：I was surprised at hearing him say so.
作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成
如：I heard the song sung several times last week.
I have had my hair cut for two days.
作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致
如：Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
【注意】有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成，如： boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods(新到的货), the risen sun(升起的太阳)
4.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。
如：a moving film 一部感动人的影片
a moved audience 受感动的观众
时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。
如：developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
5.have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing,have sth.done辨析
(1)have sb.do sth.
“have + sb.(宾语)+ do sth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，sb.作宾语，其后的 do sth.是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：I’ll have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。
例：(2018·江苏宿迁) Miss White often has us __________ (tell) interesting stories in her English class.
(2)have sth.done
“have + sth.(宾语)+ 过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
如：He has had his hair cut.他(请人给他)理发了。
中考英语复习非谓语动词学案
考情分析
非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词作主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。
学习目标
1. 掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法；
2. 准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。
非谓语动词的定义及句法功能
1. 非谓语动词的定义: 非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
如： His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.
(playing 在本句中不是充当谓语，而是充当表语，称为非谓语动词)
2. 非谓语动词的句法功能
动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
如： To see is to believe.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)
The boy likes walking to school.那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。(作宾语)
Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。(作补语)
3. 非谓语动词的三种形式
动词的非谓语形式可以分为动词不定式、动词-ing形式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种。
考点一 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的句法功能
1）?作主语
如：To learn English well is not easy. 或? It is not easy to learn English well.
【注意】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.
例1：(2018·广东省)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.
A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build
C考查非谓语动词。句意：经过数年长时间的战争，许多的叙利亚人失去家园。我认为建立一个和平的世界非常重要。本题中，it为形式宾语，不定式to build…作真正的宾语。故选C。
例2：(2018·湖南怀化)29.It’s necessary for us_______ English well.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn
A【解析】考查不定式的用法辨析。句意为： 学好英语对我们来说是必要的。It’s +形容词+for/of sb.+ to do sth.意为“做某事是……”。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是to do…。结合选项可知A项符合。故选A。
辨析：It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 如： It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 2）作表语, 常见可用不定式做表语的名词有ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim等.
?如：My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语,如作want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等的宾语
如：Tom can't afford to buy a car at present.
Most of us like to watch football matches.
例1：（2018·海南中考） The policeman warned the man______ after drinking.
A. not to drive B. to drive C. driving
A【解析】考查固定搭配。warn sb. （not）to do sth.“警告某人（不要）做某事”。根据常识酒后不能驾驶，所以此处应该是warn sb. not to do sth. 结构。故选A。
例2：（2018?贵州黔南)Parents should always tell their kids ________ with strangers.
A. not to talk B. not talking C. to not talk D. not talk
A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：父母应该经常告诉孩子们不要和陌生人谈话。tell sb. not to do告诉某人不做某事，故选A.
例3：（2018?上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant.
A.open B.opened C.to open D. opening
C【解析】考查不定式的用法。句意：周先生很擅长烹饪，他决定开自己的餐馆。动词decide后面接不定式充当其宾语。
注意：当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。常构成以下句型（sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）
4）作宾语补足语tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补
如：She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.
5) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原to
如：I saw him cross the road.
My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.
He told me to be here on time.
6）作定语
①不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面
如：On the farm everyone has lots of work to do
②不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词
如：There is nothing to worry about.
I want a pen to write with.
He is looking for a room to live in.
③不定式修饰不定代词something, anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”
如：I had something cold to drink. I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语
表目的 如：He worked day and night to earn money.
表结果 如：The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.
表原因 如：They were very sad to hear the news. He stopped to have a look.
注意：对作状语的不定式to do 提问，用疑问代词why
例1：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) We set up this group ______ disabled people like Ben Smith.
A. help B. to help C. helping
B 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我们建立这个组织是为了帮助像Ben Smith一样的残疾人。此处用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
例2：（2018. 贵州安顺）—You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.
— OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved
B. 考查非谓语动词。句意: 李明，你应该尽你所能来提高你的英语水平。不定式to improve短语部分作目的状语，故选B。
3.动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. ? (不定式作宾语)
?????? (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)
?????? (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
例1：(2018?河南中考) —Excuse me. Do you know _______?
—Sorry, I don’t know, either.
A. how to check out a book B. when will the concert begin
C. that there is a bank near here D. how long the meeting would last
A【解析】考查不定式和疑问词搭配。句意：——打扰了。你知道如何检查一本书吗？——对不起，我也不知道。B项宾语从句应为陈述句语序；C项连接词错误；D项从句时态错误；A项中“特殊疑问词+不定式”意为“怎么……”，在句中做宾语，故选A。
例2：(2018江苏扬州)5. — Mr Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided ______ first？
— Yes. The Little Prince.
how to read B. which to read C. when to read D. where to read
B 考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。句意：—吴先生已经推荐了许多书。你已经决定先看哪一本了吗？—是的。《小王子》。此题考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”在句中作宾语，前文many books提示用which和动词不定式连用，表示“读哪一本”，which作动词read的宾语。故选B。
4.省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词 let, have, make： 例：(2018·山东东营) 动词填空 Let us (67) _______ (have) it a little longer!”
have【解析】句意：让我们留着更久一点。Let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，故填have。
2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 如： A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.
例：(2018·山东临沂) 23. I didn’t see you ______ in. You must have been very quiet.
A. comes B. to come C. come D. have come
C 考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有看见你进来，你一定是悄悄地进来的。本题考查see sb. do sth. 意为“看见了某人做某事”。故选C。
3）would rather，had better + do
4) why not do; can’t but do
如：Why not have a rest?
I can’t but walk to school.
5) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略to
如：I want to visit him and ask for some help.
5.动词不定式的特殊句型
（1）too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。
（2）enough to...表示“……足够……”。
如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。
（3）Why don’t you +不带to的不定式？=Why not +不带to的不定式？
如：Why don’t you get her a photo album?
=Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？
（4）had better + (not) +不带to的不定式。
如：You’d better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。
（5）Will you please+不带to的不定式?
如：Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗？
（6）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
如： She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thoughts behind it rather than receive a lot of money.
她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
6.不定式的难点
用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。
例： (2018·四川宜宾中考)We all look forward to _______ you again soon.
A. see B. seeing C. seen
B 考查非谓语动词。look forward to 中的to是介词，后面用动名词作宾语。
考点二 动名词
1.动名词具有名词的功能，在句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语。
(1)作主语。
①动名词作主语，直接位于句首，作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。
Getting up early is good for our health. 早起对我们的健康是有好处的。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
例1：（2018·广东深圳）语法填空
“48. (find) a job in China can be really simple.
Finding 考查非谓语动词。Finding a job in China 做 can be 的主语，动词不能作主语，需转换成动名词作主语。
例2：(2018·甘肃天水)44.—You look worried. You’d better your problem with others.
—Oh, yes. a problem is like cutting it in half.
A.share, Sharing B.sharing, To share
C.to share, To share D.share, Shared
A 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：——你看起来很担心。你最好和其他人分享你的问题。——哦，是的。分享一个问题就像把它切成两半。习惯用法：had better do sth.最好做某事，第二空是动名词作主语。故选A。
②如果并列的动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。
【注意】： 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词作主语时，
不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
如：It is fun playing with children.
（2）作表语。 动名词作表语时主语、表语可互换位置。
His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.
=Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
（3）作定语。动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途。
如： a washing machine
=a machine for washing
=a machine which is used for washing
There were many people in the waiting room before dark.
天黑之前候车室里还有好多人。
（4）作宾语
①常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy doing sth
喜欢做某事
finish doing sth
做完某事
keep doing sth
坚持做某事
practice doing sth
练习做某事
mind doing sth
介意做某事
suggest doing sth
建议做某事
spend ...doing sth
花时间/钱做某事
consider doing sth
考虑做某事
例1： (2018·湖南湘西) —Can you come to my birthday party tonight?
—Yes, I’d love to. But I have to finish _____my English homework first.
A. doing B. to do C. does
A【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：——今晚你能参加我的生日聚会吗？——是的，我乐意去。但我首先要完成我的英语作业。finish doing sth完成某事，finish后跟动名词作宾语。故选A。
例2：（2018?上海中考) Sue practises______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A.play B.played C.to play D.playing
D【解析】考查动词-ing的用法。句意：苏用功地练习拉小提琴，并且经常作出精彩的表演。动词practise后面接动词的-ing形式充当宾语。
例3：(2018·湖北襄阳)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. You’d better avoid ________in the center of the city.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. driven
B考查非谓语动词用法。在早上，交通相当拥堵。你最好避免在城中心开车。avoid doing “避免做……”故选B。
②只能接动名词短语
be interested in doing sth
对……感兴趣
be busy
忙于做某事
give up
放弃做某事
end up
结束做某事
put off
推迟做某事
feel like
想要做某事
can’t help
禁不住
have fun
做某事有乐趣
have a good time
have a hard time
have trouble/problem/difficulty(in)
做某事有困难
look forward to
期待做某事
pay attention to
注意做某事
make a contribution to
为……做贡献
prefer...to...
喜欢……胜于
be/get used to
习惯于做某事
keep/stop...from..
阻止……做
可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
【注意】
(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘了做过某事
forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）
need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义）
need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）
例1：（2018?贵州黔南)Please stop________ and go out for a walk. Remember ________ warm clothes.
A. to study; wearing B. studying; to wear
C. to study; to wear D. studying; wearing
B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：别学习了，去外面散一下步吧，记得穿上暖和的衣服。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth.停止去做另一件事情；remember doing sth记得已经做过的事情；remember to do sth.记得去做某事。根据句意可知选B.
例2：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Sam, don’t forget the book to the library tomorrow.
—OK, I won’t.
A. return B. returning C. returned D.to return
D【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：——山姆，不要忘记明天把书还给图书馆——好的，我不会忘记的。由答语中“I won’t”意为我不会忘记的，可知书未还，所以用固定搭配forget to do sth.忘记去做某事。故选D。
（2）感官动词后接不定式或现在分词
感官动词后既可接不带to 的不定式，也可接现在分词;接不定式时指“（看到、听到、见到）全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。
如：I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。
考点三 分词
1. 分类
分词常常扮演形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。
2. 现在分词用法
1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时
如：He is reading an interesting book now.
作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后
如：China is a developing country.
The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.
3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态
【注意】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释
如：My job is teaching. (句中的teaching为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。
My job is interesting. (句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。
4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表动作正在进行或动作的持续
【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作
如：I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
例：(2018·山东滨州)动词应用
When crossing through a large forest, they saw an old man (81) __________ (stand) under a tree,
standing 由see sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人正在做……” 可知。孔子看到一个老人正在捕蝉。
作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。
如：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
3. 过去分词的用法
1) 帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时
如：I have already finished my homework.
帮助构成被动语态
如：Now we are not allowed to touch it.
3) 作定语：(相当于一个被动语态的定语从句)
过去分词是单个单词时，一般用于名词前;过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面
如：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
例：（2018. 贵州安顺）—Tom, have you ever read the book《A Tale of Two Cities》_______by Charles Dickens ?
—Yes , I finished reading it last winter vocation．
A. wrote B. to write C. writing D. written
D. 考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆,你读过由查尔斯·狄更斯写的这本书《双城记》吗?，根据句意，可知答案。分词短语部分作定语修饰the book《A Tale of Two Cities》，故选D。
作表语：常具有形容词的特征，表示主语的特征、状态或感情等
如：I was surprised at hearing him say so.
作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成
如：I heard the song sung several times last week.
I have had my hair cut for two days.
作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致
如：Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
【注意】有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成，如： boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods(新到的货), the risen sun(升起的太阳)
4.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。
如：a moving film 一部感动人的影片
a moved audience 受感动的观众
时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。
如：developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
5.have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing,have sth.done辨析
(1)have sb.do sth.
“have + sb.(宾语)+ do sth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，sb.作宾语，其后的 do sth.是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：I’ll have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。
例：(2018·江苏宿迁) Miss White often has us __________ (tell) interesting stories in her English class.
tell 解析：句意：怀特老师经常让我们在她的英语课上讲有趣的故事。此处用到固定短语have sb. do sth. 表示“让/使某人做某事”。故填原形tell。
(2)have sth.done
“have + sth.(宾语)+ 过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
如：He has had his hair cut.他(请人给他)理发了。
非谓语动词专项练习
1. (2018上海)After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
2. (2018上海)I can't tell you what she said. I've promised________ it a secret.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
3. (2018天津)I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ________ me to watch an opera.
A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking
4. (2018重庆A卷)You should ask Bob________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash
5. (2018重庆B卷)Taiji is my favourite and I often play it ________ healthy.
A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
6. (2018河南)The boss asked Tim to go and ________ out if there was anyone else absent.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
7. (2018广东)Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting ________ an Oscar and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning C. not to win D. not winning
8. (2018南京)—Have you read the book Jane Eyre?
—Yes. It's a famous book and really worth ________．
A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. read
9. (2018兰州)The fridge doesn't work. Why not consider ________ a new one?
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
10. (2018兰州)—Are you going swimming this afternoon?
—I'd rather ________ with you.
A. to go shopping B. go shoping C. to go shoping D. go shopping
11. (2018长沙)—Jane's spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices ________ it both in and out of class.
A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking
12. (2018呼和浩特)—I tried to make Alice ________ her mind but I found it difficult.
—Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past.
A. changed; do B. changes; doing C. change; to do D. change; doing
13. (2018苏州)Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing
14. (2018南充)My parents don't allow me ________ late.
A. stay up B. to stay up C. stays up D. staying up
15. (2018青岛)We have worked so long. Shall we stop ________ a rest?
A. have B. to having C. having D. to have
16. (2018临沂)These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people ________ shark fins in order to protect sharks.
A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat
17. (2018十堰)Two disabled men from Hebei Province (one is blind and the other has no arms) have spent over ten years ________ trees together.
A. plant B. plants C. planting D. planted
18. (2018邵阳)She said she hoped________ her daughter.
A. to see B. you to see C. seeing
19. (2018黄石)Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours ________ there by bike.
A. getting B. to get C. got D. get
20. (2018郴州)—Why are you so excited?
—Nancy invited me ________ on a trip to Dongjiang Lake just now.
A. to go B. go C. going
21. (2018宜宾)It's getting dark. You'd better________ out by yourself. It's dangerous.
A. not go B. not to go C. to go
22. (2018阜新)A lot of students enjoy ________ with each other to solve the problems in class.
A. discuss B. discussing C. to discuss D. discussed
23. (2018眉山)He realized that Americans can hardly avoid ________ products made in China.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought
24. (2018天水)There was so much noise outside that the teacher couldn't make herself ________．
A. hear B. heard C. to hear D. hearing
25. (2018内江)Bad luck! The film star had her leg ________ while playing a part in a film.
A. to break B. breaking C. break D. broken
26. (2018乐山)Tom, please remember ________ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off
27. (2018荆门)—Would you like to go swimming in the river, John?
—Swim? Sorry, our teachers always tell us ________ in the river alone.
A. don't swim B. to not swim C. not swimming D. not to swim
28. (2018徐州)David said that the glass was broken and warned me ________ it.
A. don't touch B. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching
29. (2018镇江)Our country encourages more students ________ football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play
30. (2018攀枝花)Tom has decided ________ a part-time job after he graduates from school.
A．do B. to do C. did D．doing
31. (2018株洲)The Chinese team are working hard ________ honors in the 2018 Olympic Games.
A. to win B. win C. winning
32. (2018咸宁)—What does the sign mean?
—It tells us ________ in public.
A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke C. not to smoke D. not smoke
33. (2018天水)The man drew a series of pictures about WeChat ________ how to use this software.
A. to show B. showed C. shows D. to showing
34. (2018荆门)—My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather ________ the old bike than ________ a new one.
A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy C. repair; buy D. to repair; to buy
35. (2018齐齐哈尔)After dinner, he used to ________ computer games, but now he gets used to ________．
A. play, walk B. playing, walking C. play, walking
36. (2018齐齐哈尔)We feel like ________ some food and drink because we'll invite some friends________ in a party.
A. buying, to join B. to buy, joining C. buying, join
37. (2018巴中)Tina is busy ________ at school, but she never forgets ________ her mother every day.
A. work; to call B. working; to call C. working; calling
38. (2018来宾)It is necessary for us students ________ the listening ability.
A. to improve B. improving C. improve D. improves
39. (2018绥化)It's our duty ________ our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.
A. keeping B. keeps C．to keep
答案与解析
1.D【解析】考查动名词。句意：爱丽丝读完这个故事后，她为校报写了一个评论。finish doing sth.结束做某事，固定搭配，故选D。
7.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥， 一位著名的美国演员，总是期望获得奥斯卡金奖，最后他做到了。 expect (not)to do sth.期望(不)做某事。根据语境应该是期望获得奥斯卡金奖。故选A。
13.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们老师经常建议我们培养读书时记笔记的习惯。advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”。故选A。
14.B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我的父母不允许我熬夜很晚。根据固定搭配“allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事”可知用不定式。故选B。
15.D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们已经工作这么久了。我们停下来休息一下好吗？根据前半句“We have worked so long”可知表示停下工作去休息。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。故选D。
20.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意“你为什么如此兴奋？”“刚才南希邀请我去东江湖旅行。”invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，故选A。
25.D【解析】考查过去分词。句意：真倒霉！这位影星在一部电影中扮演角色时弄伤了腿。根据语境可知，腿是被弄伤的。have ＋sth. ＋done，意为“某物被……”，故选D。
26.C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：汤姆，当你离开时，请记得关灯。remember to do sth.记住要去做某事(未做)；remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)。根据句意可知，汤姆还没有离开，所以关灯这件事还没有做。故选C。
27.D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意“约翰，你想去河里游泳吗？”“游泳？对不起，我们的老师总是告诉我们不要独自到河里游泳。”根据常识可知，老师总是告诉我们不要独自去河里游泳。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人去做某事，其否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.。故选D。
33.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这个男子画了一系列关于微信的图片，为了展示如何去使用这个软件。根据句意可知需用to show作目的状语，故选A。
38.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：对于我们学生来说提高听力技巧是有必要的。此处考查固定句型It's ＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.，对于某人来说做某事是……的。故选A。
39.C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：保持我们的家乡干净又漂亮是我们的职责。我们必须为此做一些事情。It's one's duty ＋to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。不定式作真正的主语，故选C。
课件51张PPT。中考英语复习
——非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。
非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。考点一 动词不定式1．动词不定式的形式及特点
动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to＋动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“not to(do)”。
如：He asked_me_to_play chess with him.
他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带to)I saw_a_boy_go_across the road just now.
我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)
The teacher told_me_not to be late again.
老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式)2．动词不定式的用法
(1)不定式作宾语
①不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词＋to do sth.结构)的动词有：【巧学妙记】 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),
提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),
答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。②不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有：ready(准备好)，anxious(急于)，able(能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sorry(难过)，
afraid(害怕)，pleased(高兴)，willing(愿意)等。
如：I'm glad_to_meet you.
(to meet作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。
如：when to do(什么时候做)；how to do(怎样做)；
what to do(做什么)；why to do(为什么做)；
where to do(在哪儿做)；which to do(做哪一个)等。
如：I don't know_what_to_buy for my mother.
(what to buy作know的宾语) 我不知道给妈妈买什么。(2)不定式用作宾语补足语
不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语＋宾补”(即动词＋sb.＋to do sth.结构)的动词有：(3)动词不定式作状语
They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.?
(表示原因)
To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. ?(表示目的)
The boy is old enough to take care of himself. ?(表示结果) (4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)
To_learn_maths is very important.
＝It is very important to learn maths.学数学很重要。
3．省略to的不定式
使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上to。省to的不定式注意：不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词but之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。
如：I have no choice but to stay here.
我别无选择只能待在这儿。
I have nothing to do but stay here.
我什么都做不了，只能待在这儿。考点二 动名词1.动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.动名词的句法功能
(1)作主语。谓语动词用单数形式。
Smoking is bad for our health.抽烟有害健康。
(2)作宾语。表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。
I like playing badminton with my friends after school.
放学后我喜欢和我的朋友们一起打羽毛球。【注意】
常接动词-ing作宾语的动词或短语有:keep(保持),mind(介意),enjoy(享受),practise(练习),consider(思考),suggest(建议),finish(完成),miss(错过),avoid(避免),keep on(坚持),
imagine(想象)。
After she finished writing the article, she went for a walk.
她写完论文后,出去散步了。
I really enjoy listening to the song.我非常喜欢听这首歌。【巧学妙记】
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
(3)作表语。多数情况下动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
Her hobby is reading novels.
=Reading novels is her hobby.她的业余爱好是看小说。
(4)作定语。置于所修饰的词之前,表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。
We should improve our teaching method.
我们应该改善我们的教学方法。3.?有些及物动词（如remember，forget，stop，try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。 考点三 分词1.分词的分类及构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成,有主动、进行之意;过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成,有被动、完成之意。注意现在分词和过去分词也有不规则变化形式。2.分词的句法功能
(1)作定语。现在分词作定语时,其逻辑主语为它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
Do you know the girl standing there?
你认识站在那儿的那个女孩吗?
Do you know a girl called Linda?
你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗?(2)作状语。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
The students went out of the classroom after class,talking and laughing.
下课后学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
从山上看这座城市更美丽。(3)作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示主语处于某种状态。
The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。
The boy is too excited to say a word.男孩激动得说不出话来。
(4)作宾语补足语。分词在感官动词及使役动词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补足语。
I heard her singing in the room just now.
我刚才听到她在房间里唱歌。
He’ll have his car repaired tomorrow.
他明天将去修理他的车。3.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)分词作表语时相当于一个形容词,现在分词作表语表示主动概念,过去分词作表语则表示被动概念。
Do you think the film is very interesting?
你认为这部电影很有趣吗?
They were very moved after they saw the film.
他们看完电影很受感动。(2)单个分词作定语时应该放在名词前,也相当于一个形容词。这时现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,而过去分词往往表示一个完成了的动作。
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。(3)分词可以作宾语补足语,这时现在分词所表达的动作和谓语动词同时发生,过去分词所指的动作和宾语之间是被动关系。
I heard them singing songs in the classroom.
我听到他们正在教室里唱歌。
I will have my TV set repaired tomorrow.
明天我要找人修一下我的电视机。【注意】
have sb.do sth.,have sb./sth.doing sth.与have sth.done
have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已完成或尚未发生;have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替,现在分词表示动作的延续和进行;have sth.done意为“使某事被做”,表示动作由他人完成,含被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The boss has them work for 13 hours a day.
老板要他们一天工作13个小时。
You’d better have your car running slowly.
你最好把车开慢点。
We had the machine mended just now.
我们刚才请人把机器修好了。练一练1．(2018·广西梧州中考) Jim went to the library ___ some science magazines yesterday.
A．borrow B．borrows
C．to borrow D．borrowed C 2．(2018·上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided ___his own restaurant.
A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening
3．(2018·湖南怀化中考改编) It's necessary for us ___
English well.
A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learned C A 4．(2018·湖南岳阳中考改编)They asked their son ___ the bed last weekend.
A．to make B．making C．made D．make
5．(2018·四川德阳中考) —What are you going to do tonight?
—I plan ___ Days of Our Past.
A．watch B．watching
C．to watch D．watched A C 6．(2018·湖南湘西中考改编)—Can you come to my birthday party tonight?
—Yes, I'd love to. But I have to finish ___my English homework first.
A．doing B．to do
C．does D．did A 7．(2018·新疆阜康米泉中考)—Do you still remember ___ this group of friends in 2013?
—Yes. But I forget where I ___them.
A．seeing; meet B．to see; met
C．seeing; met D．seeing; meeting C 8．(2018·内蒙古包头中考)As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and ___ them
A．corrects B．correct
C．correct D．correcting D 9．(2018·甘肃天水中考)—You look worried. You'd better
___your problem with others.
—Oh, yes. ___ a problem is like cutting it in half.
A．share; Sharing B．sharing; To share
C．to share; To share D．share; Shared A 10．(2018· 贵州安顺中考)—Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities ___ by Charles Dickens?
—Yes, I finished reading it last winter vacation.
A．wrote B．to write
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