中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
数词的表达和运用
整体分析解读:
英语中的数词看似简单,实际上运用时并 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。近几年中考对数词的考查主要集中在基数词和序数词的辨析用法上。日期、时间和分数也是中考考查的考点。数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行,如主谓一致等。正确解答数词有关问题,需要熟记基本词汇,掌握一定解题策略。
1. 熟练掌握基础知识
在复习过程中,要系统归纳、数量掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。特别是日期、时刻、年龄、分数的表达形式。这样解题才能得心应手。
2. 巧用排除法
在考查数词时,有时所给选项非常相似。解题时,首先通过题干摸清出题人的考查意图,然后运用所学基本知识,排除所有不适合的选项。
考点一 数词的构成
1.基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。如:20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)“几十几”要加连字符号“?”。如:48—forty?eight, 97—ninety?seven等。
(5)“几百几十”或者“几百几十几”在“百”后加and。如:156—one hundred and fifty?six, 509—five hundred and nine等。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘“and”。如:3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety?four thousand two hundred and ninety?five;
274,350=two hundred and seventy?four thousand three hundred and fifty等。
2.序数词的构成
(1)“第一”、“第二”、“第三”分别是 first, second, third。
(2)“第四”到“第十九”除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加“?th”构成。如:fourth。
(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加“?eth”。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。
(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。
(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty?one→twenty?first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。
基数词变序数词的巧记口诀:
基变序,有规律,
一、二、三特殊记, first, second, third,
从四开始加th, 八去t,九去e,
五和十二变ve为f再加?th,
整十变y为ie再加?th,
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
考点二 数词的表达方式
March 12, 2014 2014年3月12日
one third 三分之一
two thirds 三分之二
five(o'clock) 5点钟
five past seven 7点5分
twenty to eight 7点40分
Page 62/the sixty?second page 第六十二页
in the 1970s 在二十世纪七十年代
in his forties 在他四十多岁时
考点三 数词的注意事项
1.hundred,thousand,million前有基数词修饰时,表示确数,其后不加?s,也不与of连用;但若用于表示“数百、数千、数百万”这样的泛指概念时,后面则加?s,并与of连用。
There are two hundred people in the meeting.
会上有200人。
Thousands of people go to the beach every year.
每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
Millions of people in the world are sending and receiving e?mails every day.
每天,世界上有数百万人在收发邮件。
2.序数词的前边加不定冠词a,表示“再一、又一”。
I'll have to do it a second time.
我得再做一次。(已经做过一次)
考点四:易错清单
1. 确数和约数
(1)当我们说“几百”、“几千”这样一 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)些确数时,“百”、“千”是不能用复数形式的。结构是:数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数 如:
five hundred五百;three thousand三千;two million两百万;six billion六十亿。
(2)当hundred,thousa (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nd,million加上s后,它们就成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。而且通常接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等。结构是:
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数。如:
hundreds of new ta (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ll buildings数以百计的新高楼;thousands of students数以千计的学生;millions of people数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
(1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,但基数词前不加冠词。如:
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine.我的号码是49。
(2)a/an+序数词,表示“又一、再一”。如:
The monkey ate a second banana.
这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
(3)of the+基数词,表示“范围”。如:
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
3. “数词+more”与“another+数词”
(1) 表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前。如:
Mr Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
史密斯先生让我再拿三张CD。
(2) more一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:
She has got five more pens.她还有五支钢笔。
(3) more除跟数词外,还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,而且名词也可以是不可数名词。如:
I'd like to buy a few more books.我想再买几本书。
There are many more dictionaries on the desk.
课桌上有许多词典。
Would you like some more tea?再喝点茶好吗?
【考题精练】
( )1.【2018·咸宁】—Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
—That’s of the world’s total.?
A.two third B.two-third C.two thirds D.two three
( )2.【2018·凉山】—The picture of the Snowflake Boy has become very popular recently.
—Yeah, it receives Internet hits a day.?
A.thousands of B.thousand C.hundred D.hundreds
( )3. 【2018·贵州贵阳】Karl Marx,a great thinker and politician,was born in Germany ________ ago.
A. the two hundredth year B. two hundred?year C. two hundred years
( )4. 【2018·青海】You all failed in the exam yesterday,so I want to give you ________ chance.
A. one B. a second C. the third
( )5. 【2018·甘肃天水】—How do you say “1:57” in English?
—It's ________.
A. three past two B. fifty?seven past one C. three to one D. three to two
( )6.【2018·青岛】It’s my daughter’s birthday today.She’s years old.?
A.eighteen B.eighteenth C.the eighteen D.the eighteenth
( )7.【2018·遂宁】It’s time for me to visit the Guanyin Lake.?
A.five B.the five C.fifth D.the fifth
( )8.【2018·滨州】Nowadays, farmers leave their hometown to search for work in the cities.?
A.million of B.two millions C.millions of D.two millions of
( )9.【2018·武威】The number “23,456” can be read as “ ”.?
A.twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
B.twenty-three thousand and four hundred fifty-six
C.two three thousand and four five six
D.two three thousand four and five six
( )10.【2018·邵阳】My daughter is years old.Today is her birthday.?
A.nine; nineth B.nine; ninth C.ninth; nine
( )11. 【2018·湖南湘西】—Excuse me,Mary. Can you read “198” in English?
—Yes,of course. ________.
A. One hundred ninety?eight
B. One hundred nine eight
C. One hundred and ninety?eight
( )12. 【2018·广东】According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only
of men would do it.?
A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths
( )13.【2018·黄冈】—Dad, about of our classmates wear glasses.?
—Oh, that’s terrible.You all should take good care of your eyes.
A.three fourth B.third fourth C.third fourths D.three quarters
( )14.【2018·湘西】Li Wen is a normal boy from the countryside.He works hard and does well in school.?
A.15 years old B.15-years-old C.15-year-old D.15-year old
( )15.【2018·新疆乌鲁木齐】_____ people prefer HUAWEI phones,and about ________ of them are adults.
A. The number of;four?fifths B. A number of;four?fifth
C. A number of;four?fifths D. The number of;four?five
( )16.【2018·湖北黄冈】—Dad,about ________ of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh,that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
( )17.【2018重庆B卷】 people visited Hongyadong, Chongqing on May Day this year. ?
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
( )18.【2018绥化】This is my day to be here.?
A. a second B. the second C. second D. two
( )19.【2018连云港】—Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?
—Of course, it's built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.?
A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep C. 300 meter deep D.300-meters deep
( )20.【2018天津】—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes. Another ten days enough.?
A. is B. was C. are D. were
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
数词的表达和运用
整体分析解读:
英语中的数词看似简单,实际上运用时并 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。近几年中考对数词的考查主要集中在基数词和序数词的辨析用法上。日期、时间和分数也是中考考查的考点。数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行,如主谓一致等。正确解答数词有关问题,需要熟记基本词汇,掌握一定解题策略。
1. 熟练掌握基础知识
在复习过程中,要系统归纳、数量掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。特别是日期、时刻、年龄、分数的表达形式。这样解题才能得心应手。
2. 巧用排除法
在考查数词时,有时所给选项非常相似。解题时,首先通过题干摸清出题人的考查意图,然后运用所学基本知识,排除所有不适合的选项。
考点一 数词的构成
1.基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。如:20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)“几十几”要加连字符号“?”。如:48—forty?eight, 97—ninety?seven等。
(5)“几百几十”或者“几百几十几”在“百”后加and。如:156—one hundred and fifty?six, 509—five hundred and nine等。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘“and”。如:3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety?four thousand two hundred and ninety?five;
274,350=two hundred and seventy?four thousand three hundred and fifty等。
2.序数词的构成
(1)“第一”、“第二”、“第三”分别是 first, second, third。
(2)“第四”到“第十九”除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加“?th”构成。如:fourth。
(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加“?eth”。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。
(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。
(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty?one→twenty?first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。
基数词变序数词的巧记口诀:
基变序,有规律,
一、二、三特殊记, first, second, third,
从四开始加th, 八去t,九去e,
五和十二变ve为f再加?th,
整十变y为ie再加?th,
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
考点二 数词的表达方式
March 12, 2014 2014年3月12日
one third 三分之一
two thirds 三分之二
five(o'clock) 5点钟
five past seven 7点5分
twenty to eight 7点40分
Page 62/the sixty?second page 第六十二页
in the 1970s 在二十世纪七十年代
in his forties 在他四十多岁时
考点三 数词的注意事项
1.hundred,thousand,million前有基数词修饰时,表示确数,其后不加?s,也不与of连用;但若用于表示“数百、数千、数百万”这样的泛指概念时,后面则加?s,并与of连用。
There are two hundred people in the meeting.
会上有200人。
Thousands of people go to the beach every year.
每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
Millions of people in the world are sending and receiving e?mails every day.
每天,世界上有数百万人在收发邮件。
2.序数词的前边加不定冠词a,表示“再一、又一”。
I'll have to do it a second time.
我得再做一次。(已经做过一次)
考点四:易错清单
1. 确数和约数
(1)当我们说“几百”、“几千”这样一 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)些确数时,“百”、“千”是不能用复数形式的。结构是:数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数 如:
five hundred五百;three thousand三千;two million两百万;six billion六十亿。
(2)当hundred,thousa (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nd,million加上s后,它们就成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。而且通常接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等。结构是:
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数。如:
hundreds of new ta (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ll buildings数以百计的新高楼;thousands of students数以千计的学生;millions of people数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
(1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,但基数词前不加冠词。如:
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine.我的号码是49。
(2)a/an+序数词,表示“又一、再一”。如:
The monkey ate a second banana.
这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
(3)of the+基数词,表示“范围”。如:
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
3. “数词+more”与“another+数词”
(1) 表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前。如:
Mr Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
史密斯先生让我再拿三张CD。
(2) more一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:
She has got five more pens.她还有五支钢笔。
(3) more除跟数词外,还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,而且名词也可以是不可数名词。如:
I'd like to buy a few more books.我想再买几本书。
There are many more dictionaries on the desk.
课桌上有许多词典。
Would you like some more tea?再喝点茶好吗?
【考题精练】
( )1.【2018·咸宁】—Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
—That’s of the world’s total.?
A.two third B.two-third C.two thirds D.two three
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查分数表达。分子用基数词;分母序数词;如果分子大于一,分母用序数词+s.故选C.
( )2.【2018·凉山】—The picture of the Snowflake Boy has become very popular recently.
—Yeah, it receives Internet hits a day.?
A.thousands of B.thousand C.hundred D.hundreds
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查概数的表达,hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数,故选A.
( )3. 【2018·贵州贵阳】Karl Marx,a great thinker and politician,was born in Germany ________ ago.
A. the two hundredth year B. two hundred?year C. two hundred years
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查200年的数词表达,因为200年是复数,所以用“years”.故选C.
( )4. 【2018·青海】You all failed in the exam yesterday,so I want to give you ________ chance.
A. one B. a second C. the third
【答案】B
【解析】考查“a+序数词”表示再一次,又一次,“the+序数词”表示第几,根据句意昨天的考试你失败了,所以我想再给你一次机会。故选B。
( )5. 【2018·甘肃天水】—How do you say “1:57” in English?
—It's ________.
A. three past two B. fifty?seven past one C. three to one D. three to two
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是时间的表达,1:57分,因为分钟大于30,就用“to”表示差,“60-分钟”+to+“点+1”,故选D.
( )6.【2018·青岛】It’s my daughter’s birthday today.She’s years old.?
A.eighteen B.eighteenth C.the eighteen D.the eighteenth
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的“years”得知一定是基数词,基数词前不加the,故选A。
( )7.【2018·遂宁】It’s time for me to visit the Guanyin Lake.?
A.five B.the five C.fifth D.the fifth
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是次数的表达,第几用的是“the+序数词”故选D。
( )8.【2018·滨州】Nowadays, farmers leave their hometown to search for work in the cities.?
A.million of B.two millions C.millions of D.two millions of
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是数词的用法,句意:现在,上百万的农民离开他们的家乡去城市里寻找工作。表示不确切的数目,在million后+s,与of连用。故选C.
( )9.【2018·武威】The number “23,456” can be read as “ ”.?
A.twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
B.twenty-three thousand and four hundred fifty-six
C.two three thousand and four five six
D.two three thousand four and five six
【答案】A
【解析】数字23456可以读作二万三千四百五十六,英语数字从右向左三位三位的用逗号隔开。Thousand,million ,billion,百位和十位之间用and连接,个位和十位加连词符。故选A。
( )10.【2018·邵阳】My daughter is years old.Today is her birthday.?
A.nine; nineth B.nine; ninth C.ninth; nine
【答案】B
【解析】考查的是数词的用法,句意:我的女儿九岁了。今天是他的九岁生日。表示年龄用的是基数词;表示“她的九岁生日”用序数词。故选B。
( )11. 【2018·湖南湘西】—Excuse me,Mary. Can you read “198” in English?
—Yes,of course. ________.
A. One hundred ninety?eight
B. One hundred nine eight
C. One hundred and ninety?eight
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词的读法,百位和十位之间用and连接,个位和十位加连词符。故选C。
( )12. 【2018·广东】According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only
of men would do it.?
A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查分数表达。分子用基数词;分母序数词;如果分子大于一,分母用序数词+s.句意:根据一项调查,五个妇女中就有四个在家做家务,但是只有五分之二的男性会做家务。故选D。
( )13.【2018·黄冈】—Dad, about of our classmates wear glasses.?
—Oh, that’s terrible.You all should take good care of your eyes.
A.three fourth B.third fourth C.third fourths D.three quarters
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查分数表达。分子用基数词;分母序数词;如果分子大于一,分母用序数词+s.。四分之三的表达“three fourths或 three quarters”。故选D。
( )14.【2018·湘西】Li Wen is a normal boy from the countryside.He works hard and does well in school.?
A.15 years old B.15-years-old C.15-year-old D.15-year old
【答案】C
【解析】句意:李文是一个来自农村的普通的15岁男孩。15岁的作定语用连词符连接,不加s。故选C。
( )15.【2018·新疆乌鲁木齐】________ people prefer HUAWEI phones,and about ________ of them are adults.
A. The number of;four?fifths B. A number of;four?fifth
C. A number of;four?fifths D. The number of;four?five
【答案】C
【解析】许多人喜欢华为手机,其中约五分之四是成年人。本题主要考查量词短语和分数。 the number of 意为“……的数量”,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式;a?number of 意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数。分数的英文表达为基数词 + 序数词,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,当分子为大于1的数字时,分母用复数形式。 故正确答案为C。
( )16.【2018·湖北黄冈】—Dad,about ________ of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh,that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
【答案】D
【解析】—?爸爸,我们班大约有四分之三的同学戴着眼镜。 —?哦,那太可怕了。你们都应该好好爱护你们的眼睛。 本题主要考查数词。 表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词。当分子大于一时,分母要用复数形式。表示“四分之三”用?three?fourths?或?three?quarters。 故正确答案为D。
( )17.【2018重庆B卷】 people visited Hongyadong, Chongqing on May Day this year. ?
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查概数的表达,hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数,故选D.
( )18.【2018绥化】This is my day to be here.?
A. a second B. the second C. second D. two
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这是我到这的第二天。我的第二天用序数词不加the。故选C。
( )19.【2018连云港】—Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?
—Of course, it's built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.?
A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep C. 300 meter deep D.300-meters deep
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你听说过张家界的玻璃栈道吗?当然,它被建在张家界国家森林公园的一个300米深 的峡谷上。“300米深的”属于“数词+名词+形容词”结构,里面的名词用单数,故选A。
( )20.【2018天津】—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes. Another ten days enough.?
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你想要更多的时间来完成任务吗?是的,再需要十天就够了。Another ten days是一个整体用单数根据时态用“is”故选A。
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