2019中考英语：名词、冠词易错题练习及答案

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2019中考英语：名词、冠词易错题练习及答案

一、典型易错名词考题分析
?1. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s
C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann
【解析】此题容易误选A或C。错误的原因是由于受思维定势的影响。平时考生们做多了“This is Lucy and Lily's bedroom. ”这样的题，那么一看到这样的题就想到只是在后面一个单词后面用所有格。其实，到底用一个所有格，还是用两个所有格，取决于它们所修饰的名词：如果所修饰的名词是单数可数名词，就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格；如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词，就两个名词都用所有格。正确答案为B。
2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.
A. of B. / C. most D. more
【解析】此题容易误选A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名词”这一思维定势的影响，一看到a lot，就选择了A。其实，该句中的a lot是用来修饰形容词的比较级more的，than引导的是比较状语从句。正确答案为D。
3. “Excuse me, are you _______? ”
“No, we are _______. ”
A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans
C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans
【解析】先从词性来看，American 和 German 既可以用作名词也可以用作形容词，用作名词时，其复数形式分别为Americans 和 Germans；选项中的Englishman只能用作名词，其复数形式是Englishmen。先看第一空：如果单从Excuse me, are you _______?来看，要是填Englishman，就应该在其前加不定冠词，即说成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根据答语中的 we are…可知，问句中的you 其实是指“你”，而是指“你们”，所以如果用Englishman，就应换成 Englishmen 才对。由此可排除选项D。再看第二空：由于German的复数是Germans，不是Germen，由此可确定C错误；再根据we are…可知，其后若用名词Englishman，必须要用复数Englishmen，而不能是单数，所以排除A。所以此题答案为B。
4. My class teacher has given me lots of ___________. They’re very useful.
A. information B. advice C. suggestions D. news
【解析】考查名词的数。“我的班主任给了我很多有用的建议。”此题易误选B. advice 劝告，忠告，建议。语义上貌似说得通，但是后面有They’re ，主谓为复数概念，排除。正确答案为C. suggestions建议。另外 information 信息，news 消息，新闻均为不可数名词。
5. _______ damage was done by the flood.
A. A great deal B. A large number of C. A large amount of D. A plenty of
【解析】考查名词的数。“洪水造成了很大的危害。”此题容易误选。首先抓住damage这个关键词，它作名词时不可数，“损害，破坏”。A. A great deal 少了一个介词of, 不完整。 B. A large number of ，许多的，大量的，相当于many和a number of ，直接修饰可数名词的复数形式。C. A large amount of 许多的，大量的，相当于much和an amount of ，只能修饰不可数名词。D. A plenty of 不存在，正确形式为plenty of 充足的，大量的，相当于 a lot of 和lots of ，比较广泛，修饰所有名词。正确答案为C。
7. Larry is dreaming of being an __________ like Tom Cruise. (act)
【解析】考查动词和名词的转化。“拉里想成为像Tom Cruise一样的一名演员。”此题易出现误写 actress, 误把Larry当成女性。后面有 like Tom Cruise 这样的提示性信息，可以判断出为男演员。 acter 拼写错误，单词不过关。注意一组词：waiter/ waitress actor/actress。这类题比较简单但也容易出错，要关注句子的主语是男是女，还要做到单词的准确拼写。
8. A careless driver and the terrible weather were responsible for these people’s________. ( die)
【解析】考查动词和名词的转化。“麻痹大意的司机和糟糕的天气应该为这些人的死亡负责。”此题容易误写成deathes 或death. 首先这里判断要填入名词，death , n .死亡，其次它是可数名词，复数为deaths。而变复数加es的是以s,x,sh,ch结尾系列的，如bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, match----matches, month--months(特殊）等。正确答案为：deaths。
9. It is reported that three bank have happened lately in the city. (roB.
【解析】考查名词的数。“据报道，最近这座城市发生了3起银行抢劫案。”正确答案为robberies. 有同学犯单线思维的错误，会直接想到s而填robber入。Robber，n.抢劫犯，指人，不符合这里的语境。所以要指出的是，对于一个词有多重变化时，一定要考虑它所缺的词性和词义，只有两者结合才能准确无误。正确答案：robberies。比较例句：Finally, the policemen succeeded in catching the robbers.
10. The __________of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high)
【解析】考查形容词转化我名词。此题易误写成highest, 因为有同学看到前面的the就想到是否是填形容词的最高级。而这里句子的意思是“金茂大厦的高度”，所以正确答案是height，n.高度。
10. Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory
【解析】考查名词作定语。此题有多种误解。在初中阶段，做定语的一般都是形容词或介词短语或定语从句，但这里是用名词作定语表示某事物的功能，用途及性质。正确答案为A。类似的形式还有：coffee cup, apple tree 等等。
11. The government is trying hard to find a(n) to the traffic problem in big cities.
A. operation B. solution C. pollution D. occupation
【解析】考查名词的词义辨析。“政府正在努力寻找解决大城市交通问题的方案。”按照语义正确答案是B。operation，名词，手术，操作，操练。Solution 名词，解决问题的办法，方案，途径等。常见短语为the solution to the problem. solve the problem 。Pollution 名词，污染。air/ water/ noise pollution。Occupation 名词，职业。做好这类题需要牢记中考考纲词汇的含义。
12.Nowadays people can get ______on everything by surfing the internet
A..importance B. knowledge C. news D. idea
【解析】考查名词的词义辨析。“现在人们通过上网可以得到所有事物的讯息（知识）。”此题易误选C。 News消息，新闻，它更侧重指电视，广播对外发布的消息。importance 名词，重要性。Idea，主意，观点。正确答案是B，这里相当于information, 信息。
A. You must judge a person by his not by what he says. (act)
【解析】这里考查动词和名词的转换。“你评判一个人必须通过他的行为而不是他所说的话。"正确答案为action，名词，行为，动作。Action film 动作片。Actions Speak Louder than Words。【谚】事实胜于雄辩。填入actor 或active，activity等答案的同学可能根本没有弄清楚这里的句意或词性。
B. We attended a lecture given by a great ________yesterday afternoon. (invent)
【解析】这里考查动词和名词的转换。此题易误写成invention，名词，发明物，不符合这里的语义，低级错误。“昨天下午我们参加了一个由一位伟大发明家所作的讲座。”正确答案为inventor,名词，发明家。
15.In exams, the more careful you are, the ______mistakes you’ll make．
A. more B. less C. fewer D. few
【解析】考查名词的数。此题易错选成B。“在考试中你越仔细，你犯的错误就会越少。”关键词mistakes，名词，错误，为可数名词的复数形式，所以这里不能用与little相关的，B为little的比较级，排除。A选项语义不符。又因为句型“the + 比较级。。。。The+ 比较级。。。”表示“越。。。就越。。。”，排除D，正确答案为C。

二、典型冠词易错题分析
1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
【解析】此题容易误选B。这是由于思维定势引起的，很多同学认为这里的second是序数词，前面应该用定冠词the修饰。其实，second是“秒”的意思。正确答案为C。
?2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.
A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a
【解析】此题容易误选D。这是由于受汉语思维的影响造成的，因为译成汉语时这句话的意思是“印度和中国在同一个大洲”，汉语里说“同一个”，在英语中要说“the same”，这就是此题的陷阱所在。正确答案为A。
3，Students usually have __________ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring.
A) a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】此题容易误选B。由于受固定思维的影响，o为元音字母，很多同学会选B。英语里可数名词单数前冠词的选择是由其后第一个单词的音素决定的，one /w/,辅音音素，因此正确答案为A。补充：1）元音字母，以辅音音素开头 have a one-day trip。2）辅音字母，以元音音素开头 如：F, H, L ,M ,N ,S, X, R （8个字母）如 MBA, MP3, 等。
4.Mr. Black and his wife usually go to ________ church on Sunday morning.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
【解析】考查冠词在词组短语里的用法。此题容易误选D。“在周日早上，布莱克夫妇通常去教堂做礼拜。”go to church 去教堂做礼拜（不加定冠词the，表示人所从事的某项活动）；go to the church 去教堂里（加定冠词the，仅仅指在这个场所地方）而根据文化背景知识，西方人周末时去做礼拜是固有的风俗习惯或礼仪。因此正确答案为C。具有同样用法的短语有：1）go to hospital 去医院看病；go to the hospital 去医院里。Go to school去上学 ; Go to the school 去学校里。be at table 在餐桌旁吃饭；be at the table 在桌子旁。
5.Learning a country’s language is a better way of knowing ______ culture behind it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】考查冠词的用法。此题容易误选D。“学习一门国家的语言是更好地了解其背后文化的一种方法。”选D的同学可能认为这里culture 文化，为一抽象名词，前面是不加冠词的。但是这里特指“该语言背后的文化”，属于特指的范畴，所以正确答案为C。
6.Eddie and his family won ______ MP4 in the 'Super Families' TV Show last week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】此题容易误选A。这里M虽然为辅音字母，但发元音因素/em/，所以要选不定冠词an。如：There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “lamp。正确答案为B。
7.Many university graduates want to work in _____ west part of China ______ next year.
A. the.../ B. a...the C. /....the D. the...the
【解析】考查冠词的用法。第一个空，“in the west part of China”，在中国西部，方位名词前要加定冠词the。第二个空，在表时间的一些时间状语前面一般是不加冠词的，如 this morning/ week/ year， last night/ month, next week/ year。不过the next year 表第二年（用于过去时）。正确答案为A。
8.How did you make _____ living after you left university?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】考查冠词在词组短语里的用法。此题容易误选C。 make a living 表示“谋生”，类似于earn one'sliving。冠词在词组短语里的考查近年在中考出现的频度还是很大的，平时要加强这方面的积累，做到准确记忆。这种短语表达是约定俗成的，加，漏用，误用冠词都是不对的。正确答案为A。
9.It's common knowledge that light travels faster than sound.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】考查固定句型。此题易误选C。部分同学可能会以为这里是特指。Knowledge，不可数名词，知识。 common knowledge 常识。It's common knowledge that。。。表示“。。。是常识。”是一个固定句型，用了冠词反而错误，要牢记。正确答案为D。
10.I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage ______ money.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】此题容易误选C。Money，金钱，抽象名词，其前不加冠词。部分同学并不清楚这个知识点，可能习惯在前面加个定冠词the。类似的例子：Failure is the mother of success.【谚】失败乃成功之母。
11._______ Greens are on ________ visit to ________ United States of America.
A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the
【解析】综合考查冠词的用法。此题容易误选C。句子的意思是“格林一家正在美国参观访问。”第一个空the 加在姓氏复数前面表示“一家人或夫妇俩”，如the Blacks 布莱克一家。第二个空为固定短语，pay/be on a visit to "参观，访问“的意思，就相当于动词visit。第三个空，美国，the United States ofAmerica ，或简写成the U.S.A, the US.专有名词（人名，地名，组织，机关，团体）前要加定冠词the。正确答案D。
12. Don’t lose hope, even though we’ve failed for so many times. Let’s have _____ third try.
A. the B. an C. / D. a
【解析】考查冠词与序数词连用的用法。此题容易误选A。受固定思维的影响，很多同学认为这里的second是序数词，前面应该用定冠词the修饰。其实这里是“不定冠词a/an + 序数词+ 单数名词”表示“又一，另一”的含义。如have a second try = have another try 再试一次。


专项练习
名词
1. We can hear beautiful music, nice songs of birds or different kinds of ________in the world with our ears.
A. voices B. sounds C. noises D. cries
2. To save money, using coupons（优惠券）becomes one of the most popular shopping __________ in America.(act)
3. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you ______.
A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices
4. The little girl didn’t know how to _______ the toy machine. (operation)
5. Mr Black has a large family to ________, so he works for two companies. (fooD.
6. The century-old Waibaidu Bridge is again an ________ for visitors to Shanghai. (attract)
7. These five _________ are my elder brother’s classmates. ( Germany )
8. After discussing for a whole day, they finally reached a to solve the problem. (conclude)
9. WTO is the short form of the World Trade _________.(organize)
10. Do you know anything about Mei Lanfang, the famous __________ of Beijing Opera? (art)
11. The electric light is one of the greatest __________ in the world. (invent)
12. Obama's honesty and _______ have made him president of the United States. (wise)
13. Our government has paid great attention to_______ rights nowadays.(farm)
14. The older he gets, the more forgetful he becomes. (保持原句意思)
He becomes more forgetful _____ _______ .
15. The new ________library has been set up.How modern it is!
A.students B.students' C.student's D.student'
16. The mountain is 5,300 metres high. (保持句意)
The mountain is 5,300 metres ______.

答案：
1.B 2.actions 3.C 4.operate 5.feed 6.attraction 7.Germans 8.conclusion 9.Organization 10.artist 11.inventions 12.wisdom 13.farmers’ 14.with age 15.B 16.in height



冠词
1. Students usually have __________ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. Mr. Black and his wife usually go to ________ church on Sunday morning.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
3. Shopping online is really ________ useful and convenient way for us to buy what we want.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. Do you know only you walk with _____ umbrella in _____ university on a sunny day?
A. a…an B. an…an C. an…a D. a…a
5. Learning a country’s language is a better way of knowing ______ culture behind it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. These days homeless are taken good care of in the old people's home.
A. a B.an C.the D./
7. Eddie and his family won ______ MP4 in the 'Super Families' TV Show last week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. Many university graduates want to work in _____ west part of China ______ next year.
A. the.../ B. a...the C. /....the D. the...the
9. Dudu, 11 -year-old dog, gave us a wonderful performance on China's Got Talent Show.
A. a B.an C.the D./
10. How did you make _____ living after you left university?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
11. I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage ______ money.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. It's common knowledge that light travels faster than sound.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. Britain is European country and China is Asian country.
A. an; an B. a; a C. a; an D.an; a
14. More and more young people are trying to do something for ______ old.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
15. ________ Greens are on ________ visit to ________ United States of America.
A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the
16. Shopping online is ________ useful and convenient way for us to buy things.
A a B an C the D /
17. The story happened in __________ European country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
18. Yangpu Bridge is only one of the bridges over _____ Huangpu River.
A. /, the B. /,/ C. The, the D. The, /
19. Don’t lose hope, even though we’ve failed for so many times. Let’s have _____ third try.
A. the B. an C. / D. a
20. “Geili” has become ______ unusual word this year.
A. a B.an C. the D. /
21. By _____ way, would you please tell me the address of the chemical company?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
22. My uncle bought _________English-Chinese dictionary for me as a gift last Christmas.
A. a B.an C.the D./
23. Ｍore and more young people are trying to do something for ________old.
A. a 　　 B. an 　　 C. the　　 D. ／
24.______singer over there is very popular. She has lots of fans from home and broad.
A. A B. An C.The D. /
25.________ 84-year-old man was saved by the people after the terrible tsunami (海啸) in Japan.
A. A B. An C. / D. The
26. Every time we went to the Shanghai Expo we spent _________ couple of hours there.
A . a B . an C . the D. /
27. My thirteen-year-old brother Jimmy is __________ big Lady Gaga fan.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
28. There are many pavilions within the Expo site. _______one in red is China Pavilion.
A. A B. an C. The D. /
29. Please take the precious glass there with ________ great care. I don't want it to be broken.
A.a B. an C. the D. /
30. Kitty is such ______honest student that she is often praised by her teachers.
A. a B.an C.the D. /


答案：
1. A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.D
16.A 17.A 18.A 19.D 20. B 21.C 22B 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.B