2019中考英语阅读理解：归纳主旨题（记叙文）及答案

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2019中考英语阅读理解：归纳主旨题（记叙文）及答案
1&2．北京中考试题D篇
议论文
57题段落主旨（易）
59题全文主旨——最佳标题（中）

The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions (头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed the lead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey’s greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country’s children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.
The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don’t enjoy that environment.
For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory (强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more “touch” — without real bodychecking — from 9 to 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it’s possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting 11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It’s worth the try.
Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it’s hard to change a sports culture so connected with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been used to try to separate a player from his head rather than from the ball. Children were paying a price for this country’s love of the game.
There are always changes in Canada’s game, and the change in the bodychecking age sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount (至上的) in the game.
57．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. The safe ways of controlling the loss.
B. The steps of drawing special attention.
C. The possible results of changing the rules.
D. The methods of improving the environment.
59．What is probably the best title for this passage?
A. Which is more important?
B. How do we change the rules?
C. Why is hockey a dangerous game?
D. When should bodychecking be prevented?

答案：57. C 59. A
答题依据：
57题答案提示在第2段的第一句。The change in rules should be taken as a chance to ...free of danger. 该句的关键词chance 对应C答案中的possible, to draw special attention to skill development in…是result。
59题答案提示在文章最后一段，即最后一句，该句说the change sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount in the game. 变化传递了一个再清楚不过的信息，那就是球员的安全至上，这个意思对应了A 选项的important 这个意思，故选A。

3.北京中考题B篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨

When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”
This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs (细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch.
If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through.
After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go along way toward helping students realize hot to be polite and thank others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there.
When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.
After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made efforts to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.
54. A. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the rules of behavior in public B. the easy of communication
C. the acts of kindness among people D. the knowledge of social life

答案：A
答题依据：段1，段2中提到：When you sneeze，you’d better turn your head away and cover your mouth with…; 段3，段4中提到: If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door….段5，段6提到When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right.配合三张图片，可知谈论的都是公共场合的行为规则。故选A。


4.北京中考试题C篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨

What do you do if you’re stranded (处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.
Body signals (信号)
Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arm up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. If you want the pilot to know that it’s safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (弯曲) your knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.
Smoke signals
The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it’s a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you’re sure that it can’t spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.
Ground-to-air signals
It’s a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols (标记). If you can’t find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:
F “I need food and water.”
II “I need medicine.”
I “I am badly hurt.”
X “I am unable to move from here.”
Pilots’ replies
If the pilot lowers the plane’s wings from side to side, this means “message received and understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means “message received but not understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s red lights.)
However, there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not?
56. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The explanation of building signals on an island.
B. The importance of making signals on an island.
C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.
D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.

答案：C
答题依据：段落1 What do you do if you’re stranded (处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world.和各段小标题。故选答案C。


5.北京中考C篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨
Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.
These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:
★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.
★ 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.
★ 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.
★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.
★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.
★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.
The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.
56. The massage is mainly about _________.
A. steps of studying science
B. difficulties in reading science
C. ways of reading science passages
D. researches on science and English

答案：C
答案依据：段1中You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story…说明了科学性文章和其他文章的区别以及阅读的难度。段2过渡句也是主旨句These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult。后面给出了6个步骤。故选答案C。A的意思为“研究科学的步骤”，C的意思为“阅读科普文章的方法”，A用“科学”替代了“科普文章”，偷换了概念。


6.北京中考试题D篇（中）
议论文
文章主旨——最佳标题
In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.
The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.
There is also the possibility that people are influenced to change their personality to match the expected stereotypes（思维定式）．A survey of studies made in Japan over a10-year period found that while in the 1970s there was no relationship between blood type and personality, later studies in the 1980s found that the relationship increased a little．Researchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the blood-type theory．
Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.
60. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Is the blood-type theory poplar?
B. Is the personality changeable?
C. Is it in your blood?
D. Is it in you mind?
答案：C
答题依据：段1提出了问题Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true. 段2介绍了这种血型和性格关联在亚洲的流行，但最后一句Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.再次说明这种关联的伪科学性；段3 Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.再次重申观点。因此文章探讨了blood和personality 的关联是否科学。故而选择C。

7.北京中考试题D篇 （中）
说明文
全文主旨——最佳标题
My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ kids FTF. ILNY, its gr8.
Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation” of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great.
Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming (破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted (面目全非的).
Everyone should just relax, say linguists (语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.”
Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.
However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”
Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.”
60. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on Internet
B. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?
C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?
D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages

答案：B
答题依据： 段3提出家长和老师的担忧。Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming (破坏) the English language. 段3， 4提出语言学家的看法。Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs. 段5 提出有必要教会学生标准英语的读写。However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. 故答案为B。

8.北京中考试题C篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨——最佳标题
The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you’ll agree that the name and the product are connected in the everyone’s mind.
In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations （联系）.The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.
When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image（形象）in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name—Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word —which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge （要价）up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.
55. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Business of Names
B. The Development of Names
C. The Rules of Naming Business
D. The Methods of Choosing Names

答案：A
答题依据：段落1 The right name is important in the business world.段落2 In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law.段落3 When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. 三段共同的含义中有 business/trade/product 和name，important。故选答案A.

9.北京中考试题D篇（难）
议论文(夹叙夹议)
全文主旨——写作意图
Reading Oliver James'Affluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-old daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow. I don't understand any of it, "she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door, she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says" OK, I got a nine".
"Wow. well done!"I say, before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"
According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. "Well, if I don't get good grades, I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."
I was quite surprised, because I don't consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.
For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have lived a happy life. What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.
This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests, something more like Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world.
As the Russian poet Pushkin said, "Inspiration(灵感）is needed in geometry(几何学）just as much as in poetry ",and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .
59.The writer wants to tell us that____.
A.learning happily is the key to self-development.
B. top marks may be helpful to increase one's interest.
C. tests should be improved to give children inspiration.
D.education should meet one's needs for word and money.
答案：A
答题依据：段1-3以记叙文的形式记叙了女儿对分数的执着。段3 According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. 用James的观点说明对高分追求使人们对教育充满了功利追求。段4 But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. 用James的观点说明这种功利追求的坏处。段5说明了自己不追求高分，但是过得幸福是因为在学校教育中学会了how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality. 段6 This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind.说明James和作者的观点类似。段7引用Pushkin的话，说明inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them. 文章结构是“事件——论证自己的观点”，最后得出结论：happy才是最重要的。

10.北京中考试题C篇（难）
说明文
全文主旨——最佳标题
It’s 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.
Stress(压力，紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.
When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.
What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs.
58. What is probably the best title for this passage?
A. The Body-Brain Link B. The Causes of Stress
C. The Advice on Health D. The Nervous System

答案：A
答题依据：段1 She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
段2：You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.段3-5以stress为例说明body和brain之间的关系；段6首句The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways.由此判断答案为A

11.东城二模C篇（易）
记叙文
全文主旨——最佳标题
At the age of sixteen, I went on my first volunteer program in West Virginia to repair or build homes for poor families. When we arrived, we discovered that the family we were going to help was living in a trailer（拖车式活动房）that was in poor condition, no bigger than two parking spaces. A group of people had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another appeared.
We soon decided that the only way was to build a new house. It was something unusual because normally our goal was to repair old homes. The family was pleased with their new house that was 20 by 30 feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen.
On Tuesday of that week, I asked the family’s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, “What do you want for your new room?” Kids in the families we had helped usually wanted toys or posters, so we were surprised when Josh, the oldest boy said, “We just want beds.” The boys had never slept in a bed. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding.
On Friday when we saw the truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. They were very excited.
That afternoon, while we were setting up the beds, Eric ran into the house to watch us with wide eyes. As Maggie, a member of our group, put one of the pillows on the bed, Eric asked, “What is that?”
“A pillow,” she replied.
“What do you do with it?” Eric went on asking.
“When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” Maggie answered softly. Tears came to our eyes as she handed Eric the pillow.
“Oh . . . that’s soft,” he said, holding it tightly.
Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems very urgent（急迫的）, my dad always asks, “Do you have a pillow?” We know exactly what he means.

55. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Pillow B. A New House
C. The Family D. An Interesting Program
答案：A
答题依据：故事中，That afternoon, while we were setting up the beds, Eric ran into the house to watch us with wide eyes. As Maggie, a member of our group, put one of the pillows on the bed, Eric asked, “What is that?”到最后一段。


12.东城二模D篇（中）
议论文
全文主旨
Sports, drama, and all kinds of organizations keep students busy during high school. Where do they get the money to do these things? Not everyone gets it from parents. Most have to work for at least some of the money to pay for these activities. Some adults question if high school students should have jobs. I say yes, they undoubtedly should.
Some people worry that teens with after-school jobs will have difficulty finding time for schoolwork. Actually, having a job helps teens make better use of their time. Many jobs take only a couple of hours on weeknights. According to an article, 86 percent of high school students have an after-school, weekend or summer job and students who work between 10 and 20 hours per week during the school year get higher grades than those who do not work at all. Instead of considering working after school a hindrance, it should be looked at as real-world education.
Other people think that work adds too much stress（压力）, which may be somewhat true, but whether having a job or not, there is always stress. Better to learn how to deal with busy schedules（日程表）in a controlled environment like high school than to be out on your own and alone in the future, experiencing stress for the first time. I personally would be worried about the teenager who has to become independent without having any experience of working.
The biggest reason teens should work is that it is a healthy way of making money. There are many things teens need to pay for and they cannot do it if they don’t have a job. Not all parents can pay for these activities. My dad told me, “Having a job is a good way to save up for things you are going to need or want to do. You get a lot more out of things if you pay for them yourself.” The sooner kids make money, the sooner they can learn how to use money wisely. If they are not allowed to work in high school, they may have a hard time in the future. Teens should, without a doubt, be allowed to work on school nights.
59. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. What money means to teens.
B. Why teens should work after school.
C. Whether parents should help teens find jobs.
D. How teens get money for after-school activities.
答案：B
答题依据：第一段：Some adults question if high school students should have jobs. I say yes, they undoubtedly should. 第二段：Actually, having a job helps teens make better use of their time. 第三段：I personally would be worried about the teenager who has to become independent without having any experience of working.
第四段：The biggest reason teens should work is that it is a healthy way of making money. 各段大意都围绕青少年做兼职工作的好处。所以选B。







13.丰台二模C篇（难）
议论文
全文主旨
Happiness is a feeling that lights up your eyes, makes your steps light and makes you want to sing for no reason. Everyone wants to be happy. But sometimes, a guest comes in without invitation. It’s unhappiness. Don’t let it get you down. Send it away!
When you are happy, the world feels like a better place. As the saying goes: When you smile, the world smiles with you; when you cry, you cry alone. Wearing a smile will make you more charming and help you to win lots of friends. A good mood always gives you hope, which makes trouble and problems easier to handle.
No matter how happy you are, it’s normal to feel angry, sad or gloomy once in a while. Life is full of ups and downs. We can’t change the way life is, but we can do our best to change a bad situation into a good one. To help us do this, it’s good to know some of the factors (因素) that influence happiness.
One of the biggest factors is social relationships. People who are close to family and friends are happier than people who don’t have those relationships. Talking and sharing is a good way to relax and build confidence. Knowing someone is there for you will make you braver and more outgoing.
Another factor is work or school. If you enjoy school, even if you have lots of homework or extra classes, you will still feel that your school life is meaningful and happy. But if you hate school, your negative attitude may cause you to feel bored and upset that you have to do so much work.
A third factor is your attitude towards life. How do you feel if you fail in an exam? Maybe you think it’ s unfair because you always study hard and should get a good mark. You can't stop blaming(责备) yourself. Or, maybe you accept it. You go through the paper carefully, find out why you made stupid mistakes, and tell yourself, "Take it easy! I’ll do better next time!" Your attitude makes a big difference.
Do you smile a lot or wear a long face most of the time?
55. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to control our bad feeling. B. What factors make our life easy.
C. What factors influence happiness. D. How to make our own happiness.
答案：D
答题依据：第一、二段谈了happiness的重要性；第三段引出影响happiness的因素，第4-6段讲了影响happiness的因素以及如何得到happiness，所以答案为D。


14.丰台二模D篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨
If you bought some candy months ago but never ate it, how can you tell whether it’s still eatable? The easiest way is to check the “expiration date (保质期)” printed on the wrapper. If that date has already passed, you’re likely to throw the candy away. But is that really necessary?
According to a new report from the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), tons of food is wasted each year, largely because people don’t fully understand what expiration dates, or “use-by dates”, actually mean.
Food dating was introduced in 1970s because customers wanted more information about the things that they were eating. When they first showed up, use-by dates only showed freshness because producers wanted their products to be tasted in their best conditions.
However, most customers mistakenly believed that use-by dates showed how safe the food was, and they still largely do. But the truth is that these dates aren’t related to the danger of food poisoning(中毒), according to Time News. Eggs, for example, can still be eaten three to five weeks after being bought, even though the use-by date is much earlier. When their use-by dates pass, strawberry-flavored cookies may lose their crunch（松脆的口感）, but they are not harmful.
“It’s an unclear subject, the difference between food quality(质量) and food safety,” said Jena Roberts, vice president of National Food Lab, a US food testing company. “Even in the food industry has workmates who are not sure about it.”
This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the use-by dates. “We want this to be clearly communicated so customers are not misinterpreting the information and wasting a lot of food,” said Dana Gunders, a staff scientist with the NRDC.
But this won’t be a mistake that is easy to correct since people have believed it for so long. Another problem is that the quality levels of different foods change differently-some are still eatable long after their use-by date while others are not.
As a result, food industry officials are now thinking of changing the use-by date to a date showing when food is most likely to throw away.
59. What is probably the best title for this passage?
A. Customers and food.
B. Food quality and freshness.
C. Use-by-dates and quality levels.
D. Expiration dates and food safety.
答案：D
答题依据：第一段引出保质期问题If that date has already passed, you’re likely to throw the candy away. But is that really necessary? 第二段说明人们不理解保质期实际的意思tons of food is wasted each year, largely because people don’t fully understand what expiration dates, or “use-by dates”, actually mean.第三段说明了保质期最初的用途When they first showed up, use-by dates only showed freshness第四、五、六段解释说明保质期不能说明食品有害，只能说明不够新鲜了。第七段说明目前人们在商品上添加了对保质期的解释，最后一段说明有可能用一种新的标识来告诉人们食物什么时候会坏掉需要扔掉。 所以全文是保质期和食品安全问题。


15.东城二模D篇（中）
说明文
全文主旨——最佳标题
A research shows that expressions on our faces have a strong relationship with our genes(基因). According to the study, facial expressions of our feelings are innate and are not achieved in cultural learning.
This is the first research to show that blind people have the same facial expressions as the sighted when showing certain feelings—the same facial muscles(肌肉) start working. What’s more, the research gives the new method of how people control their feelings in certain social situations. It states that people do not learn to manage their facial expressions by examining the expressions of others.
In his study, David Matsumoto, San Francisco State University Psychology Professor, examined facial expressions of blind and sighted judo athletes(柔道运动员) that took part in the Summer Olympics and Paralympics(残奥会). He examined over 4,800 pictures of different athletes who came from 23 countries. Matsumoto found that both blind and sighted sportsmen had the same facial expressions, according to a specific social situation.
“This suggests genes decide facial expressions of feelings,” he said.
One of his findings was the “social smiles” of judo athletes who lost their match and got the second place. It is interesting to find that only mouth muscles are used in social smiles, while during real smiles, shown when a person is really happy, the eyes of a person twinkle and get smaller and the cheeks(脸颊) rise.
“Losers pushed their lower lip up as if to control the feeling on their face and many produced social smiles,” said Matsumoto, “People blind from birth were unable to learn to manage their feelings with the help of examining other’s facial expressions.” He thought that there must be another system involved.
“It’s possible that in order to hide sad feelings, humans have developed a system that closes the mouth so that they are stopped from crying, biting or rudeness,” he said.
60. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Smiles and Olympics B. Blind and Sighted Athletes
C. Social Smiles and Real Smiles D. Genes and facial Expressions
答案：D
答题依据：第一段A research shows that expressions on our faces have a strong relationship with our genes(基因).说明表情和基因有关系；第二段说盲人和正常人一样同样的感情用同样的面部表情表达，而且有研究人们如何在社交场合下控制表情。第三段Matsumoto found that both blind and sighted sportsmen had the same facial expressions；第四段“This suggests genes decide facial expressions of feelings,”第五段和第六段通过例子解释盲人无法通过研究别人的表情来控制自己的情绪。最后一段说人类发展了一套控制情感的系统。



























































































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