第9讲 非谓语动词的表达与运用
整体分析解读：
1. 辨别谓与非谓
先看四个选项:如果四个选项分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2. 熟记习惯搭配
学习非谓语动词时,要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到有关问题就会迎刃而解。
一、不定式
不定式有两种，即带to的不定式(to＋动词原形)和不带to的不定式。注意：它没有人称和数的变化。
1．作主语[常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]
常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”。
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
＝It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
2．作宾语
(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。
I hope to get there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那儿。
(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋谓语＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
3．作宾语补足语
(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell,
ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
老师告诉我们做练习一。
(2)使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see，hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上to。
We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。
被动语态： She is often heard to sing.
4．作状语
常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)
5．作定语
动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
6．作表语
Their duty is to look after the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
7. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
He doesn't know what to wear.
他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)
[提醒] 动词不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth.”。
二、动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋?ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。
1．作主语
Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。
2．作宾语
常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun等。
Have you finished reading the book?你读完这本书了吗？
3．作表语
The nurse's job is looking after he patients.
护士的工作是照顾病人。
4．作定语
I often go to the reading room．
我经常去阅览室。
三、分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.?ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.?ed)有被动、完成之意。
1．作定语
China is a developing country. America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。
I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
2．作表语
The book is interesting. I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
3．作宾语补足语
I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。
I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。
4．作状语
Laughing and talking, they went into the room。他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
四、易混结构
1.使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构的区分。
如have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done 的区别：
(1)have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”， doing 这个动作具有持续性。
The teacher had the boys standing all day. 老师让男生们罚站了一整天。
(2)have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”，相当于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示让他人完成，有被动之意。
I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。
2.有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.?ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见短语：
(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.?ing作宾语)
(2)try to do sth. 试图(企图)做某事；尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试着做某事
(3)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事(已做)
(4)remember to do sth.记着要去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.记得做过了某事(已做)
(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事
go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事
(6)sth. need doing(某事)需要做(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
3.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
the surprising news 令人惊讶的新闻a surprised look 惊讶的神色
4.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家
【精题巧练】
1. (2018?天津?)?Harry?invited?me___?with?him?when?his?parents?were?out?of?town.
A.?stay???????B.?staved????????C.?staying????????D.?to?stay?
2.(2018?重庆A卷)?It?was?raining.?My?father?asked?me?????? ??a?raincoat.
A.take?????? B.?takes???? ?C.?took??????? D.?to?take?
3. (2018?南京)?Some?people?enjoy?____?out?their?messages?in?bottles?when?they?travel?on?the?sea. ?
A.?to?send?????????B.?send????????????C.?sending?????????D.?sent?
4. (2018?哈尔滨)?—I’m?considering?____broad?for?further?study,?but?I?haven’t?decided?yet.
—You’d?better?ask?your?English?teacher?for?some?advice.?
A.?going????????B.?to?go??????????C.?go?
5. (2018?成都)??I?got?up?early?this?morning????? ?my?grandma?at?the?airport.
A.?to?pick?up?????B.?picking?up??????C.?picked?up?
6.（2018兰州）Every?morning.?Tim?often?sees?some?groups?of?middle-aged?women_______in?the?square.
A.?dance????????B.?to?dance????????C.?dances????????D.?danced?
7. (2018?兰州)?Bob's?father?can't?stand____________?soap?operas.?He?enjoys?sports?games?on?TV. ?
A.?watch??????????B.?to?watch????????C.?watching???????D.?watched?
8. (2018?昆明)?The?government?will?take?action?to?_______?the?problem?of?heavy?extracurricular?burdens(课 外负担)?on?primary?and?middle?school?students.
A.?deciding??????B.?decide????????C.?solving????????D.?solve?
9. (2018?云南)?Our?parents?won't?allow?us?_____?in?the?river?alone. ?
A.?swim???B.?to?swim???C.?swimming???D.?swam?
10. (2018?甘肃)??My?two?cousins?decide?_______a?business?together.
A.?to?start????????B.?starting???????C.?start?????????D.?started?
11.(2018?海南)??The?policeman?warned?the?man?? ?after?drinking.
A.?not?to?drive??B.?to?drive???C.?driving?
12. (2018?新疆)? ?—Let’s?_____________?to?the?movies!
—I’m?sorry.?I?must?_____________?my?homework?first.?
A.?going;?do????????B.?go;?doing????????C.?go;?do?????????D.?going;?doing?
13.(2018?包头)As?we?all?know,?a?person?learns?many?things?by?making?mistakes?and_____?them. ?
A.?corrects???B.?correct???C.?to?correct????D.?correcting?
14.(2018?山东临沂)? I?didn’t?see?you?______?in.?You?must?have?been?very?quiet.
A.?comes?????????B.?to?come???C.?come???????????????D.?have?come?
15. (2018.四川乐山) —Julia,?your?mobile?phone?is?ringing.?? ?
—Wait?a?minute.?It’s?dangerous?______?it?while?crossing?the?street.?
?A.?answering????B.?answer???????C.?to?answer
1
第9讲 非谓语动词的表达与运用
整体分析解读：
1. 辨别谓与非谓
先看四个选项:如果四个选项分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2. 熟记习惯搭配
学习非谓语动词时,要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到有关问题就会迎刃而解。
一、不定式
不定式有两种，即带to的不定式(to＋动词原形)和不带to的不定式。注意：它没有人称和数的变化。
1．作主语[常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]
常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”。
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
＝It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
2．作宾语
(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。
I hope to get there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那儿。
(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋谓语＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
3．作宾语补足语
(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell,
ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
老师告诉我们做练习一。
(2)使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see，hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上to。
We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。
被动语态： She is often heard to sing.
4．作状语
常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)
5．作定语
动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
6．作表语
Their duty is to look after the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
7. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
He doesn't know what to wear.
他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)
[提醒] 动词不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth.”。
二、动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋?ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。
1．作主语
Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。
2．作宾语
常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun等。
Have you finished reading the book?你读完这本书了吗？
3．作表语
The nurse's job is looking after he patients.
护士的工作是照顾病人。
4．作定语
I often go to the reading room．
我经常去阅览室。
三、分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.?ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.?ed)有被动、完成之意。
1．作定语
China is a developing country. America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。
I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
2．作表语
The book is interesting. I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
3．作宾语补足语
I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。
I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。
4．作状语
Laughing and talking, they went into the room。他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
四、易混结构
1.使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构的区分。
如have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done 的区别：
(1)have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”， doing 这个动作具有持续性。
The teacher had the boys standing all day. 老师让男生们罚站了一整天。
(2)have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”，相当于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示让他人完成，有被动之意。
I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。
2.有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.?ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见短语：
(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.?ing作宾语)
(2)try to do sth. 试图(企图)做某事；尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试着做某事
(3)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事(已做)
(4)remember to do sth.记着要去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.记得做过了某事(已做)
(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事
go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事
(6)sth. need doing(某事)需要做(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
3.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
the surprising news 令人惊讶的新闻a surprised look 惊讶的神色
4.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家
【精题巧练】
1. (2018?天津?)?Harry?invited?me___?with?him?when?his?parents?were?out?of?town.
A.?stay???????B.?staved????????C.?staying????????D.?to?stay?
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。“invite sb to do ”邀请某人做某事。故选D。
2.(2018?重庆A卷)?It?was?raining.?My?father?asked?me?????? ??a?raincoat.
A.take?????? B.?takes???? ?C.?took??????? D.?to?take?
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。“ask sb to do ”要求某人做某事。故选D。
3. (2018?南京)?Some?people?enjoy?____?out?their?messages?in?bottles?when?they?travel?on?the?sea. ?
A.?to?send?????????B.?send????????????C.?sending?????????D.?sent?
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。“enjoy doing”喜欢做某事。故选C。
4. (2018?哈尔滨)?—I’m?considering?____broad?for?further?study,?but?I?haven’t?decided?yet.
—You’d?better?ask?your?English?teacher?for?some?advice.?
A.?going????????B.?to?go??????????C.?go?
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。“consider doing sth ”考虑做某事。故选A。
5. (2018?成都)??I?got?up?early?this?morning????? ?my?grandma?at?the?airport.
A.?to?pick?up?????B.?picking?up??????C.?picked?up?
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。不定式在句中做目的状语。故选A。
6.（2018兰州）Every?morning.?Tim?often?sees?some?groups?of?middle-aged?women_______in?the?square.
A.?dance????????B.?to?dance????????C.?dances????????D.?danced?
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。“invite sb to do ”邀请某人做某事。故选B。
7. (2018?兰州)?Bob's?father?can't?stand____________?soap?operas.?He?enjoys?sports?games?on?TV. ?
A.?watch??????????B.?to?watch????????C.?watching???????D.?watched?
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Bob的爸爸不能忍受肥皂剧，他喜欢在电视上看体育比赛。“stand doing sth”忍受做某事。故选C。
8. (2018?昆明)?The?government?will?take?action?to?_______?the?problem?of?heavy?extracurricular?burdens(课 外负担)?on?primary?and?middle?school?students.
A.?deciding??????B.?decide????????C.?solving????????D.?solve?
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：政府将会采取措施来解决中小学生繁重的课外负担这一问题。Decide 决定；solve 解决。Take action to do sth.采取措施做某事。故选D。
9. (2018?云南)?Our?parents?won't?allow?us?_____?in?the?river?alone. ?
A.?swim???B.?to?swim???C.?swimming???D.?swam?
【答案】B
【解析】考查“allow sb.to do sth”允许某人做某事。故选B。
10. (2018?甘肃)??My?two?cousins?decide?_______a?business?together.
A.?to?start????????B.?starting???????C.?start?????????D.?started?
【答案】A
【解析】decide to sth决定做某事。故选A。
11.(2018?海南)??The?policeman?warned?the?man?? ?after?drinking.
A.?not?to?drive??B.?to?drive???C.?driving?
【答案】A
【解析】“warn sb to do”警告某人做某事，句意：警察警告人们酒后不要驾驶。是否定形式为“warn sb not to do”故选A。
12. (2018?新疆)? ?—Let’s?_____________?to?the?movies!
—I’m?sorry.?I?must?_____________?my?homework?first.?
A.?going;?do????????B.?go;?doing????????C.?go;?do?????????D.?going;?doing?
【答案】C
【解析】句意：让我们一起去看电影吧！对不起，我必须首先要完成家庭作业。Let`s+动词原形；must+动词原形。故选C。
13.(2018包头)As?we?all?know,?a?person?learns?many?things?by?making?mistakes?and_____?them. ?
A.?corrects???B.?correct???C.?to?correct????D.?correcting?
【答案】D
【解析】考查的是并列结构。Making与correcting并列，作介词by的宾语。故选D。
14.(2018?山东临沂)? I?didn’t?see?you?______?in.?You?must?have?been?very?quiet.
A.?comes?????????B.?to?come???C.?come???????????????D.?have?come?
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我没有看见你进来，你一定是悄悄进来的。See sb.do sth看见某人做某事。故选C。
15. (2018.四川乐山) —Julia,?your?mobile?phone?is?ringing.?? ?
—Wait?a?minute.?It’s?dangerous?______?it?while?crossing?the?street.?
?A.?answering????B.?answer???????C.?to?answer
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:茱莉亚，你的手机在响。请等一下，穿马路的时候接电话是很危险的。“it is +adj.+to do sth.”做某事是…样的。It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构。故选C。
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