2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式 课件（67张）
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| 名称 | 2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式 课件（67张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-03-20 16:37:37 | ||
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课件67张PPT。2019届二轮复习语法专题 特殊句式考纲解读命题规律趋势探究1.北京近三年高考中对特殊句式的考查如下:2.北京近几年高考中对于特殊句式的考查以祈使句和省略句为主,并考 查考生在一定的情景下对于语言基本知识的运用能力。命题规律考频分析命题趋势未来北京高考英语将更加注重在情景化的题干中考查特殊句式的用 法。1.倒装句分为部分倒装、完全倒装和形式倒装。考生首先需要清楚部 分倒装和完全倒装的结构,识别句首的副词或短语来决定语序为部分倒 装还是完全倒装;在确定是何种倒装句之后,考生还需根据语境判断出 谓语部分的时态。
2.强调句的作用是强调句子的某一成分。考生要牢记强调句的结构,清 楚在强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时不能用when,where,why和 how来代替that;在强调not...until结构中的时间状语时强调句型为It is/ was not until...that...;强调句用于特殊疑问句时,被强调的通常为疑问 词。
3.省略句是指为了使语言简洁或避免重复而省略句中的成分。考生在突破方法做题时首先需要通过对语境的理解来判断句子中省略了什么成分:①为 避免重复,不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略;②由and,or,so,but等连接 的并列句中,如前后两句有相同的部分,在不会造成误解的情况下后半 部分可省去相同的部分;③考生需牢记各种复合句中的省略,如宾语从 句、定语从句、状语从句等。考点知识全面总结考点一 祈使句、感叹句和省略句
一、祈使句
(一)否定式和强调式
Don’t be so sure.别那么有把握。(否定式)
Please don’t forget to take your medicine.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)
Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。(强调式)
Do be careful!千万要小心!(强调式)
(二)带主语的祈使句
1.为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语 “you”,有时还可同时加称呼语。如:
Tom,you water the flowers! 汤姆,你去浇花!2.命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“you”,还可 同时带称呼语。如:
You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor.
你们,女生,擦桌子。你们,男生,打扫地板。
3.在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时,可带主语“you”。如:
You mind your own business!
你少管闲事!
4.祈使句的主语除了用“you”外,还可用“everybody,everyone,some- body,someone”等,它们可以放在句末。如:
Be quiet,everyone!大家静下来!
(三)祈使句+and+陈述句=If...,+主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not...,+主句 如:
Work hard and you will succeed.(=If you work hard,you will succeed.)努 力学习,你就会成功。
同义句转换:
①Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
If?? you work hard,you will??? be??? admitted to a key university.
②If you don’t hurry up,you will be late for the bus.
Hurry?? up???? or???? you will be late for the bus.二、感叹句
(一)基本构成形式
1.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
2.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
What a clever boy he is!
=How clever the boy is!
多聪明的男孩啊!
What beautiful flowers these are!
=How beautiful these flowers are!
这些花多美啊!What sweet water it is!这水可真甜呀!
How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!
How fast he is running!他跑得真快!
(二)省略形式的感叹句
1.how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!如:
How(much)we love our motherland!
我们多么热爱我们的祖国呀!
2.省略主语和谓语。如:
How wonderful(it is)!真棒!
(三)其他形式的感叹句。如:
How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻!The design and the colours!
多美的图案和色彩啊!
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!
竟然要把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁! 用what或how填空:
③ What?? an interesting book it is!
④ How???interesting a book it is!
⑤ What?? interesting books they are!
⑥ What???delicious food I had!
⑦ How???kind of you to help!
⑧ How???I wish I were a bird!
三、省略句
(一)定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。如:Where is the book(which)I bought this morning?
我今天上午买的那本书在哪里?
(二)状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略 状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
(1)连词(as)+名词
As(he was)a student,he worked very hard.
当他是学生的时候,他学习非常努力。
(2)连词(though,if,when)+形容词
Work hard when(you are)young,or you??ll regret.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(3)连词(as if,while)+介词短语
He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.
他四处张望,好像在找什么东西。
(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词
While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
走在街上的时候,我听见有人叫我的名字。
(5)连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.
那个展览比预料的更有趣。
(6)连词(as if,as though)+不定式
He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张嘴,好像要说话。
注意:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。如:
Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.她爸爸 告诉她过马路时要小心。
2.当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动 词be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词”的 结构。如:
Unless(it is)necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要,否则你最好不要查字典。
另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有“if+so/not”省略 句式。如:Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.
明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班公交车。
He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a note. 那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话,给他留个便条。
(三)不定式的省略
1.单独使用不定式符号to,代替动词不定式中被省略的部分,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try, want,wish等后面。如:
I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to.
我叫他看电影,但是他不想去。2.不定式符号to用在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面。如:
I didn’t want to go there,but I had to.我不想去那里,但我不得不去。
3.不定式符号to用在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后 面。如:
—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
——你愿意参加这个比赛吗?
——我愿意。
4.否定形式的省略用not to。如:
—Shall I go instead of him?
—I prefer you not to.——我可以代替他去吗?
——我宁可你不去。
5.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。 如:
—Are you a sailor?
—No,but I used to be.
——你是水手吗?
——不是,但我过去是。
—He hasn’t finished yet.
—Well,he ought to have.
——他还没完成。
——哦,他应该完成了。 将下列句子中省略的部分补全:
⑨He asked me if I want to see the film and I said I would like to.
??He asked me if I want to see the film and I said I would like to see the film.
⑩When split,an atom can release energy.
? When it is split,an atom can release energy.
?They were scolded whenever late for school.
They were scolded whenever they were late for school.
?If not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.
??If it is not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.
考点二 倒装句
一、完全倒装
1.某些副词、介词短语置于句首时:
(1)表示地点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用 完全倒装,其形式为:There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于该句型的谓语动词 有:be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie等,时态要用一般现在时。如:
Here is your opportunity.
你的机会来了。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了。
Here you are.给你。(代词作主语,不倒装)
(2)表示时间的副词(如:now,then等)、运动方向的副词(如:out,in,up, down,away等)及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代 词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于该句 型的谓语动词有:come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等,时态为一般 现在时或一般过去时。如:
Now comes your turn!
现在该你了!
Up went the arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。Under the table sleeps a white cat.
在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。
Behind the counter he stood.他站在柜台后面。(代词作主语,不倒装)
2.作表语的成分置于句首时:
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短 语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装,其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分 词/介词短语/such+be+主语。如:
Happy are those who are contented.
知足者常乐。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
席地而坐的是一群年轻人。Inside the parcel was a letter.
包裹里有封信。
Such were his words.(=Such was what he said.)
这就是他说的话。
单项填空:
（ ）①Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away ????.
A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief
C.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief
（ ）②For a moment nothing happened.Then ????all shouting together.
A.voices had come B.came voices
C.voices would come D.did voices comeDB二、部分倒装
1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。如:
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。
使用特点:
(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需找助动词来“帮助” 构成倒装句。如:
(?)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
直到战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。(2)only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装,主句倒装。如:
(?)Only when did he return we found out the truth.
(√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
直到他回来后,我们才查明了真相。
(3)only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如:
(?)Only can he answer the question.
(√)Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答这个问题。 完成句子:
③Only when he reached the tea-house did he realize ??(他才意识到)it was the same place he’d been in last year.
④ Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours (只有在他们讨论那件事几个小时之后)did they reach a decision.
⑤Only you can solve the problem ?(能解决这个问题).
2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义 的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如:Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make.=He didn’t make a single mistake.他一 个错误也没犯。
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.
=I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.
我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。 单项填空:
（ ）⑥—It’s nice.Never before ????such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had B.I had
C.have I had D.had I
（ ）⑦We laugh at jokes,but seldom ????about how they work.
A.we think B.think we
C.we do think D.do we thinkCD3.六个重要的固定句型:
(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也是如此”。如:
They love making lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
使用特点:
①该句型也可写成“it is/was the same with...”,或“so it is/was with...”。如:
They love making lots of friends;it is the same with those with disabilities/ so it is with those with disabilities.
②如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不 可使用倒装。试比较:
A:I was afraid.( I 指的是A)
B:So was I.(I 指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid,too.)A:我很害怕。
B:我也很害怕。
A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A)
B:So you were.(you 指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.)
A:我害怕。
B:你确实是这样。
(2)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也不”。 如:
Lily can’t ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。
使用特点:①该句型也可写成“it is/was the same with...”,或“so it is/was with...”。如:
Lily can’t ride a bicycle;it is the same with Lucy/so it is with Lucy.
②该句型中的neither/nor不可用so...not 替代,但可用not...either 改写。 如:
(?)I have never been abroad.So hasn’t he.
(√)I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.
(√)I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.
我没出过国。他也没有。
(3)?如此……以至于……,如:So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself under- stood.
他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。
Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.
他有一本如此有趣的书,以至于我们都想读。
使用特点:
在这个句型中,so,such后面的句子要倒装,而that 引导的从句不倒装。
(4)Neither...,nor...意为“……不……,……也不……”。如:
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事,也不关心它。
由于neither 和nor 都是否定词,所以它们后面的分句均需倒装。(5)Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”。如:
Not only will help be given to people who find jobs,but also medical treat- ment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医 疗服务。
使用特点:
该句型也可写成 Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well 的形式,但but (also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6)Not until...意为“直到……才……”。如:
Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来后我们才吃晚饭。
但是:Not until did he return we had supper.(?)
not until 引导的是从句时,until 从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒 装。 单项填空:
（ ）⑧ ????the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only B.Do not only
C.Only not do D.Not only do
（ ）⑨Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and ????.
A.neither won’t Tom B.Tom won’t either
C.Tom will too D.so will Tom
（ ）⑩Not until he left his home ????to know how important the family was for him.
A.did he begin B.had he begun
C.he began D.he had begunDBA三、形式倒装
1.感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀!
How interesting their talk is!
他们的谈话多么有趣呀!
使用特点:
对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what 引导;对形容词或副词感叹时, 用how 引导。2.the more...,the more...句型
The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.
你听英语听得越多,它就变得越简单。
使用特点:
(1)该句型中的more 代表的是形容词或副词的比较级,要灵活使用。如:
The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
你学习越努力,取得的进步就越大。
(2)该句型中的第一个the more 引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句;第 二个the more 引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以,上面例句的意思实质 上就是:If you work harder,you will make greater progress.
3.however,whatever引导的让步状语从句
(1)“however+adj./adv.”引导的让步状语从句However difficult the problem will be,we must work it out this evening.
无论这个问题会有多难,今晚我们都必须解决它。
(2)“whatever+n.”引导的让步状语从句
Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由,你都应当履行诺言。
4.as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况
(1)表语的倒装
Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work.
尽管很累,他还是继续工作。
Strange as/though it seems,it is true.
尽管看上去很奇怪,但这是真的。Exhausted as/though she was,she wasn’t able to sleep.
尽管筋疲力尽,但她还是睡不着。
注意:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,不再用冠词。如:
Youngest as/though he is in our class,he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。
(2)谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might,he didn’t pass the exam.
尽管他努力了,但他考试还是没及格。
Search as they would here and there,they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找,但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
注意:行为动词前置时,从句主语后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词,若没有情态动词,则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行 为动词是及物动词,则其宾语也随其后一并提前。如:
Change your mind as/though you do,you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意,你也不会得到来自我们的帮助。
(3)状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike,he doesn’t want to buy it.
虽然他喜欢那辆自行车,但他不想买它。
Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.
虽然我努力学习了,但还是赶不上他们。 单项填空:
（ ）? ????role she played in the film!No wonder she has won Oscars.
A.How interesting ????B.How an interesting
C.What interesting ????D.What an interesting
（ ）?In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ????.
A.our holiday will be better
B.our holiday will be the better
C.the better our holiday will be
D.the better will our holiday be
?DC（ ） ????,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might soundB考点三 强调句、there be句型和反意疑问句
一、强调句
(一)强调句型
1.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分。
强调人时可用 who/that,强调事物时常用 that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语,但不能是定语或谓语。如:
It is I who/that am right.
我才是对的。(主语)
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口见到的就是他。(宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢的他的手表。(状语)
2.一般疑问句的强调句型:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分? 如:
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
教你们英语的是王教授吗?
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分?如:
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗户的是谁?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候?
What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么?
4.有时可用It might be...that...,It must have been...that...句型表示强调。 如:
It might be his father that you??re thinking of.你想到的可能是他的父亲。
It must have been his brother that you saw.
你看到的一定是他的弟弟。
5.not...until...句型的强调句
其强调句式为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。如:
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.
→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床睡觉。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的影星。
6.强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it
可根据能否恢复原句来判断,即把It is/was和that去掉,如果剩下的成分 仍然能构成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句型,否则不是。如:
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
事故经常在那里发生。
以上就是强调句型,被强调成分是状语,把It is和that去掉,可还原成原来 的非强调句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.显然并非所有的男孩都喜欢足球。
去掉 It is和that,句子成了:Clear not all boys like football。
很显然这不是一个完整的句子,因此不是强调句型,而是由it 作形式主 语,that从句作真正主语的复合句。
7.强调句型 It is/was...that...与It is/was+时间+when/before从句、It is+时 间+since 从句、It was not long before...等句型的区别:
(1)强调句型与It is/was+时间+when/before 从句
在“It is/was+时间+when/before从句”中,it 指时间,when/before引导的 是时间状语从句。注意两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。如:
It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
昨天午夜我回到了家里。It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.
当我昨天回到家里时,已经是午夜了。/昨天我还没到家就到了午夜 了。
第一句是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语,因此用介词短语表达;而第二 句是一般句型,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语。
(2)强调句型与 It is+时间+since 从句
It is...since...表示“自……以来已有……(时间)”。
注意:两个句型中的时态一般不同,试比较:
It was two years ago that I began to learn English.
我是在两年前开始学英语的。
It is/has been two years since I began to learn English.自从我学英语以来已经有两年了。
第一句为强调句型,强调的是过去的事情,用一般过去时;而第二句表示 “从过去到现在已有多长时间”,用一般现在时,也可用现在完成时。
(3)强调句型与It was not long before...
It was not long before...可有以下几个句式:
It won’t be long before...不久就会……
It was two years/days before...过了两年/两天才……
It was not two years/days before...不到两年/两天就……
It will be two years/days before...两年/两天后才会……
It will not be two years/days before...
用不了两年/两天就会……试比较:
It was two years before he came back from abroad.
It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
同样表示“他两年以后回国”,强调句型中应注意状语的表达方式。
(二)对谓语动词的强调
It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用助 动词do,did 或does。如:
Do come this evening.
今天晚上一定要来呀。
He did write to you last week.
上周他的确给你写信了。Tom does study very hard now.
现在汤姆的确学习很努力。 单项填空:
（ ）①It was not until midnight ????they reached the campsite.
A.that ????B.when ????C.while ????D.as
（ ）②It was in New Zealand ????Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
A.that ????B.how ????C.which ????D.when
（ ）③It is not who is right but what is right ????is of importance.
A.which ????B.it ????C.that ????D.this
（ ）④If you have a job, ????yourself to it and finally you??ll succeed.
A.do devote ????B.don’t devote ????C.devoting ????D.not devotingAACA（ ）⑤It was along the Mississippi River ???? Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A.how B.which ????C.that ????D.where
（ ）⑥It was not until she got home ???? Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A.when ????B.that ????C.where ????D.before
（ ）⑦I just wonder ???? that makes him so excited.
A.why it does ????B.what he does
C.how it is ????D.what it isCBD二、there be句型
1.there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。 在这种结构中,there是引导词,be后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点
(或时间)状语。如:
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
教室前有棵大树。
2.如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。如:
There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多支铅笔。3.there be结构有不同的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连 用。如:
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
昨天在我们学校召开了一次会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday.
星期日将上映一部新电影。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那时起,我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。
There can’t be any mistakes in his passage.
他的文章里不可能有什么错误。4.there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur等替换。如:
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
他的电脑可能出了什么问题。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。
5.there be句型的非谓语形式。如:
I have never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.
我从未想到墙上有幅画。(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多找到工作的机会。(there be的不定式结构作expect的宾 语)There being ice on the road,I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰,我让司机开慢点。(there be的现在分词形式作状语)
There having been no water for 2 days,these travelers were all very thirsty. (=Because there had been no water for 2 days...)
已经两天没有水了,这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(there be的现在分词
形式的完成式作状语)题组训练用be动词的适当形式填空:
⑧There is ????a chair and two tables in the room.
⑨There being????no money in his pocket,he had to go hungry.
⑩I wish there to be???some chances for my readers.
三、反意疑问句
(一)陈述部分含有must/may(might)的反意疑问句
1.当must 作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分(又叫附加问句)用needn’t;当 含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。如:
You must go now,needn’t you?你现在必须走,是吗?
You mustn’t smoke here,must/may you?你不允许在这里吸烟,行吗?
2.当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/might作 “可能”讲时,可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess+that从句”,反意疑 问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确 定。如:
You must/may(might)be hungry now, ?????→I am sure/guess that you are hungry now,aren’t you?→You must/may(might)be hungry now,aren’t you?
你现在一定/可能饿了,是吗?
You must have heard about it, ?????→I am sure that you have heard about it,haven’t you?→You must have heard about it,haven’t you?
你一定听说过这件事了,是吗?
You must have watched that football match last night, ?????→I am sure that you watched that football match last night,didn’t you?→You must have watched that football match last night,didn’t you?
你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了,是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语 last night)
(二)陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用 usedn’t或didn’t均可。如:
You used to sleep with the windows open,usedn’t/didn’t you?
你过去经常开着窗户睡觉,是吗?(三)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t均可。如:
He ought to attend the lecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
他应该去听这个演讲,是吗?
(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等 否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:
He could hardly walk without a stick,could he?
没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?
(五)如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑 问部分一般用否定形式。如:
Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesn’t he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?
It’s unfair,isn’t it?那不公平,是吗?
(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分常和主句的主谓保持一 致。如:
He said that he would come to my birthday party,didn’t he?
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?
Tom doesn’t believe Jane will succeed,does he?
汤姆认为简不会成功,是吗?
2.陈述部分的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主 句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。若主句为否定句,则将否定转移到宾语从句中。如:
I don’t believe he will succeed,will he?
我认为他不会成功,会吗?
(七)陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问部分不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:
1.否定祈使句,+will you?
2.肯定祈使句,+will/won’t you?
3.Let’s...,+shall we?
4.Let us...,+will you?
5.Let+第三人称...,+will you?如:
Open the door,will/won’t you?打开门,好吗?
Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?
我们出去散步,好吗?
Let us go home now,will you?
现在,(您)让我们回家,好吗?
(八)there be句型的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用be/情态动词/助动词+there。如:
There will be rain tomorrow,won’t there?
明天要下雨,是吗?
There should be no problem,should there?
应该没什么问题,是吗?请认真完成高考题组训练 模拟预测题组训练
2.强调句的作用是强调句子的某一成分。考生要牢记强调句的结构,清 楚在强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时不能用when,where,why和 how来代替that;在强调not...until结构中的时间状语时强调句型为It is/ was not until...that...;强调句用于特殊疑问句时,被强调的通常为疑问 词。
3.省略句是指为了使语言简洁或避免重复而省略句中的成分。考生在突破方法做题时首先需要通过对语境的理解来判断句子中省略了什么成分:①为 避免重复,不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略;②由and,or,so,but等连接 的并列句中,如前后两句有相同的部分,在不会造成误解的情况下后半 部分可省去相同的部分;③考生需牢记各种复合句中的省略,如宾语从 句、定语从句、状语从句等。考点知识全面总结考点一 祈使句、感叹句和省略句
一、祈使句
(一)否定式和强调式
Don’t be so sure.别那么有把握。(否定式)
Please don’t forget to take your medicine.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)
Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。(强调式)
Do be careful!千万要小心!(强调式)
(二)带主语的祈使句
1.为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语 “you”,有时还可同时加称呼语。如:
Tom,you water the flowers! 汤姆,你去浇花!2.命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“you”,还可 同时带称呼语。如:
You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor.
你们,女生,擦桌子。你们,男生,打扫地板。
3.在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时,可带主语“you”。如:
You mind your own business!
你少管闲事!
4.祈使句的主语除了用“you”外,还可用“everybody,everyone,some- body,someone”等,它们可以放在句末。如:
Be quiet,everyone!大家静下来!
(三)祈使句+and+陈述句=If...,+主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not...,+主句 如:
Work hard and you will succeed.(=If you work hard,you will succeed.)努 力学习,你就会成功。
同义句转换:
①Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
If?? you work hard,you will??? be??? admitted to a key university.
②If you don’t hurry up,you will be late for the bus.
Hurry?? up???? or???? you will be late for the bus.二、感叹句
(一)基本构成形式
1.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
2.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
What a clever boy he is!
=How clever the boy is!
多聪明的男孩啊!
What beautiful flowers these are!
=How beautiful these flowers are!
这些花多美啊!What sweet water it is!这水可真甜呀!
How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!
How fast he is running!他跑得真快!
(二)省略形式的感叹句
1.how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!如:
How(much)we love our motherland!
我们多么热爱我们的祖国呀!
2.省略主语和谓语。如:
How wonderful(it is)!真棒!
(三)其他形式的感叹句。如:
How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻!The design and the colours!
多美的图案和色彩啊!
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!
竟然要把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁! 用what或how填空:
③ What?? an interesting book it is!
④ How???interesting a book it is!
⑤ What?? interesting books they are!
⑥ What???delicious food I had!
⑦ How???kind of you to help!
⑧ How???I wish I were a bird!
三、省略句
(一)定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。如:Where is the book(which)I bought this morning?
我今天上午买的那本书在哪里?
(二)状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略 状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
(1)连词(as)+名词
As(he was)a student,he worked very hard.
当他是学生的时候,他学习非常努力。
(2)连词(though,if,when)+形容词
Work hard when(you are)young,or you??ll regret.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(3)连词(as if,while)+介词短语
He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.
他四处张望,好像在找什么东西。
(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词
While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
走在街上的时候,我听见有人叫我的名字。
(5)连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.
那个展览比预料的更有趣。
(6)连词(as if,as though)+不定式
He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张嘴,好像要说话。
注意:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。如:
Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.她爸爸 告诉她过马路时要小心。
2.当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动 词be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词”的 结构。如:
Unless(it is)necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要,否则你最好不要查字典。
另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有“if+so/not”省略 句式。如:Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.
明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班公交车。
He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a note. 那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话,给他留个便条。
(三)不定式的省略
1.单独使用不定式符号to,代替动词不定式中被省略的部分,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try, want,wish等后面。如:
I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to.
我叫他看电影,但是他不想去。2.不定式符号to用在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面。如:
I didn’t want to go there,but I had to.我不想去那里,但我不得不去。
3.不定式符号to用在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后 面。如:
—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
——你愿意参加这个比赛吗?
——我愿意。
4.否定形式的省略用not to。如:
—Shall I go instead of him?
—I prefer you not to.——我可以代替他去吗?
——我宁可你不去。
5.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。 如:
—Are you a sailor?
—No,but I used to be.
——你是水手吗?
——不是,但我过去是。
—He hasn’t finished yet.
—Well,he ought to have.
——他还没完成。
——哦,他应该完成了。 将下列句子中省略的部分补全:
⑨He asked me if I want to see the film and I said I would like to.
??He asked me if I want to see the film and I said I would like to see the film.
⑩When split,an atom can release energy.
? When it is split,an atom can release energy.
?They were scolded whenever late for school.
They were scolded whenever they were late for school.
?If not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.
??If it is not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.
考点二 倒装句
一、完全倒装
1.某些副词、介词短语置于句首时:
(1)表示地点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用 完全倒装,其形式为:There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于该句型的谓语动词 有:be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie等,时态要用一般现在时。如:
Here is your opportunity.
你的机会来了。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了。
Here you are.给你。(代词作主语,不倒装)
(2)表示时间的副词(如:now,then等)、运动方向的副词(如:out,in,up, down,away等)及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代 词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于该句 型的谓语动词有:come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等,时态为一般 现在时或一般过去时。如:
Now comes your turn!
现在该你了!
Up went the arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。Under the table sleeps a white cat.
在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。
Behind the counter he stood.他站在柜台后面。(代词作主语,不倒装)
2.作表语的成分置于句首时:
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短 语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装,其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分 词/介词短语/such+be+主语。如:
Happy are those who are contented.
知足者常乐。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
席地而坐的是一群年轻人。Inside the parcel was a letter.
包裹里有封信。
Such were his words.(=Such was what he said.)
这就是他说的话。
单项填空:
（ ）①Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away ????.
A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief
C.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief
（ ）②For a moment nothing happened.Then ????all shouting together.
A.voices had come B.came voices
C.voices would come D.did voices comeDB二、部分倒装
1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。如:
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。
使用特点:
(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需找助动词来“帮助” 构成倒装句。如:
(?)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
直到战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。(2)only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装,主句倒装。如:
(?)Only when did he return we found out the truth.
(√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
直到他回来后,我们才查明了真相。
(3)only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如:
(?)Only can he answer the question.
(√)Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答这个问题。 完成句子:
③Only when he reached the tea-house did he realize ??(他才意识到)it was the same place he’d been in last year.
④ Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours (只有在他们讨论那件事几个小时之后)did they reach a decision.
⑤Only you can solve the problem ?(能解决这个问题).
2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义 的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如:Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make.=He didn’t make a single mistake.他一 个错误也没犯。
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.
=I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.
我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。 单项填空:
（ ）⑥—It’s nice.Never before ????such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had B.I had
C.have I had D.had I
（ ）⑦We laugh at jokes,but seldom ????about how they work.
A.we think B.think we
C.we do think D.do we thinkCD3.六个重要的固定句型:
(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也是如此”。如:
They love making lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
使用特点:
①该句型也可写成“it is/was the same with...”,或“so it is/was with...”。如:
They love making lots of friends;it is the same with those with disabilities/ so it is with those with disabilities.
②如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不 可使用倒装。试比较:
A:I was afraid.( I 指的是A)
B:So was I.(I 指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid,too.)A:我很害怕。
B:我也很害怕。
A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A)
B:So you were.(you 指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.)
A:我害怕。
B:你确实是这样。
(2)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也不”。 如:
Lily can’t ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。
使用特点:①该句型也可写成“it is/was the same with...”,或“so it is/was with...”。如:
Lily can’t ride a bicycle;it is the same with Lucy/so it is with Lucy.
②该句型中的neither/nor不可用so...not 替代,但可用not...either 改写。 如:
(?)I have never been abroad.So hasn’t he.
(√)I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.
(√)I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.
我没出过国。他也没有。
(3)?如此……以至于……,如:So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself under- stood.
他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。
Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.
他有一本如此有趣的书,以至于我们都想读。
使用特点:
在这个句型中,so,such后面的句子要倒装,而that 引导的从句不倒装。
(4)Neither...,nor...意为“……不……,……也不……”。如:
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事,也不关心它。
由于neither 和nor 都是否定词,所以它们后面的分句均需倒装。(5)Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”。如:
Not only will help be given to people who find jobs,but also medical treat- ment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医 疗服务。
使用特点:
该句型也可写成 Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well 的形式,但but (also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6)Not until...意为“直到……才……”。如:
Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来后我们才吃晚饭。
但是:Not until did he return we had supper.(?)
not until 引导的是从句时,until 从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒 装。 单项填空:
（ ）⑧ ????the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only B.Do not only
C.Only not do D.Not only do
（ ）⑨Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and ????.
A.neither won’t Tom B.Tom won’t either
C.Tom will too D.so will Tom
（ ）⑩Not until he left his home ????to know how important the family was for him.
A.did he begin B.had he begun
C.he began D.he had begunDBA三、形式倒装
1.感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀!
How interesting their talk is!
他们的谈话多么有趣呀!
使用特点:
对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what 引导;对形容词或副词感叹时, 用how 引导。2.the more...,the more...句型
The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.
你听英语听得越多,它就变得越简单。
使用特点:
(1)该句型中的more 代表的是形容词或副词的比较级,要灵活使用。如:
The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
你学习越努力,取得的进步就越大。
(2)该句型中的第一个the more 引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句;第 二个the more 引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以,上面例句的意思实质 上就是:If you work harder,you will make greater progress.
3.however,whatever引导的让步状语从句
(1)“however+adj./adv.”引导的让步状语从句However difficult the problem will be,we must work it out this evening.
无论这个问题会有多难,今晚我们都必须解决它。
(2)“whatever+n.”引导的让步状语从句
Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由,你都应当履行诺言。
4.as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况
(1)表语的倒装
Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work.
尽管很累,他还是继续工作。
Strange as/though it seems,it is true.
尽管看上去很奇怪,但这是真的。Exhausted as/though she was,she wasn’t able to sleep.
尽管筋疲力尽,但她还是睡不着。
注意:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,不再用冠词。如:
Youngest as/though he is in our class,he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。
(2)谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might,he didn’t pass the exam.
尽管他努力了,但他考试还是没及格。
Search as they would here and there,they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找,但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
注意:行为动词前置时,从句主语后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词,若没有情态动词,则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行 为动词是及物动词,则其宾语也随其后一并提前。如:
Change your mind as/though you do,you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意,你也不会得到来自我们的帮助。
(3)状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike,he doesn’t want to buy it.
虽然他喜欢那辆自行车,但他不想买它。
Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.
虽然我努力学习了,但还是赶不上他们。 单项填空:
（ ）? ????role she played in the film!No wonder she has won Oscars.
A.How interesting ????B.How an interesting
C.What interesting ????D.What an interesting
（ ）?In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ????.
A.our holiday will be better
B.our holiday will be the better
C.the better our holiday will be
D.the better will our holiday be
?DC（ ） ????,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might soundB考点三 强调句、there be句型和反意疑问句
一、强调句
(一)强调句型
1.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分。
强调人时可用 who/that,强调事物时常用 that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语,但不能是定语或谓语。如:
It is I who/that am right.
我才是对的。(主语)
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口见到的就是他。(宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢的他的手表。(状语)
2.一般疑问句的强调句型:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分? 如:
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
教你们英语的是王教授吗?
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分?如:
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗户的是谁?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候?
What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么?
4.有时可用It might be...that...,It must have been...that...句型表示强调。 如:
It might be his father that you??re thinking of.你想到的可能是他的父亲。
It must have been his brother that you saw.
你看到的一定是他的弟弟。
5.not...until...句型的强调句
其强调句式为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。如:
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.
→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床睡觉。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的影星。
6.强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it
可根据能否恢复原句来判断,即把It is/was和that去掉,如果剩下的成分 仍然能构成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句型,否则不是。如:
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
事故经常在那里发生。
以上就是强调句型,被强调成分是状语,把It is和that去掉,可还原成原来 的非强调句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.显然并非所有的男孩都喜欢足球。
去掉 It is和that,句子成了:Clear not all boys like football。
很显然这不是一个完整的句子,因此不是强调句型,而是由it 作形式主 语,that从句作真正主语的复合句。
7.强调句型 It is/was...that...与It is/was+时间+when/before从句、It is+时 间+since 从句、It was not long before...等句型的区别:
(1)强调句型与It is/was+时间+when/before 从句
在“It is/was+时间+when/before从句”中,it 指时间,when/before引导的 是时间状语从句。注意两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。如:
It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
昨天午夜我回到了家里。It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.
当我昨天回到家里时,已经是午夜了。/昨天我还没到家就到了午夜 了。
第一句是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语,因此用介词短语表达;而第二 句是一般句型,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语。
(2)强调句型与 It is+时间+since 从句
It is...since...表示“自……以来已有……(时间)”。
注意:两个句型中的时态一般不同,试比较:
It was two years ago that I began to learn English.
我是在两年前开始学英语的。
It is/has been two years since I began to learn English.自从我学英语以来已经有两年了。
第一句为强调句型,强调的是过去的事情,用一般过去时;而第二句表示 “从过去到现在已有多长时间”,用一般现在时,也可用现在完成时。
(3)强调句型与It was not long before...
It was not long before...可有以下几个句式:
It won’t be long before...不久就会……
It was two years/days before...过了两年/两天才……
It was not two years/days before...不到两年/两天就……
It will be two years/days before...两年/两天后才会……
It will not be two years/days before...
用不了两年/两天就会……试比较:
It was two years before he came back from abroad.
It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
同样表示“他两年以后回国”,强调句型中应注意状语的表达方式。
(二)对谓语动词的强调
It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用助 动词do,did 或does。如:
Do come this evening.
今天晚上一定要来呀。
He did write to you last week.
上周他的确给你写信了。Tom does study very hard now.
现在汤姆的确学习很努力。 单项填空:
（ ）①It was not until midnight ????they reached the campsite.
A.that ????B.when ????C.while ????D.as
（ ）②It was in New Zealand ????Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
A.that ????B.how ????C.which ????D.when
（ ）③It is not who is right but what is right ????is of importance.
A.which ????B.it ????C.that ????D.this
（ ）④If you have a job, ????yourself to it and finally you??ll succeed.
A.do devote ????B.don’t devote ????C.devoting ????D.not devotingAACA（ ）⑤It was along the Mississippi River ???? Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A.how B.which ????C.that ????D.where
（ ）⑥It was not until she got home ???? Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A.when ????B.that ????C.where ????D.before
（ ）⑦I just wonder ???? that makes him so excited.
A.why it does ????B.what he does
C.how it is ????D.what it isCBD二、there be句型
1.there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。 在这种结构中,there是引导词,be后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点
(或时间)状语。如:
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
教室前有棵大树。
2.如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。如:
There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多支铅笔。3.there be结构有不同的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连 用。如:
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
昨天在我们学校召开了一次会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday.
星期日将上映一部新电影。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那时起,我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。
There can’t be any mistakes in his passage.
他的文章里不可能有什么错误。4.there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur等替换。如:
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
他的电脑可能出了什么问题。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。
5.there be句型的非谓语形式。如:
I have never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.
我从未想到墙上有幅画。(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多找到工作的机会。(there be的不定式结构作expect的宾 语)There being ice on the road,I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰,我让司机开慢点。(there be的现在分词形式作状语)
There having been no water for 2 days,these travelers were all very thirsty. (=Because there had been no water for 2 days...)
已经两天没有水了,这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(there be的现在分词
形式的完成式作状语)题组训练用be动词的适当形式填空:
⑧There is ????a chair and two tables in the room.
⑨There being????no money in his pocket,he had to go hungry.
⑩I wish there to be???some chances for my readers.
三、反意疑问句
(一)陈述部分含有must/may(might)的反意疑问句
1.当must 作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分(又叫附加问句)用needn’t;当 含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。如:
You must go now,needn’t you?你现在必须走,是吗?
You mustn’t smoke here,must/may you?你不允许在这里吸烟,行吗?
2.当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/might作 “可能”讲时,可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess+that从句”,反意疑 问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确 定。如:
You must/may(might)be hungry now, ?????→I am sure/guess that you are hungry now,aren’t you?→You must/may(might)be hungry now,aren’t you?
你现在一定/可能饿了,是吗?
You must have heard about it, ?????→I am sure that you have heard about it,haven’t you?→You must have heard about it,haven’t you?
你一定听说过这件事了,是吗?
You must have watched that football match last night, ?????→I am sure that you watched that football match last night,didn’t you?→You must have watched that football match last night,didn’t you?
你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了,是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语 last night)
(二)陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用 usedn’t或didn’t均可。如:
You used to sleep with the windows open,usedn’t/didn’t you?
你过去经常开着窗户睡觉,是吗?(三)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t均可。如:
He ought to attend the lecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
他应该去听这个演讲,是吗?
(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等 否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:
He could hardly walk without a stick,could he?
没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?
(五)如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑 问部分一般用否定形式。如:
Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesn’t he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?
It’s unfair,isn’t it?那不公平,是吗?
(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分常和主句的主谓保持一 致。如:
He said that he would come to my birthday party,didn’t he?
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?
Tom doesn’t believe Jane will succeed,does he?
汤姆认为简不会成功,是吗?
2.陈述部分的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主 句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。若主句为否定句,则将否定转移到宾语从句中。如:
I don’t believe he will succeed,will he?
我认为他不会成功,会吗?
(七)陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问部分不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:
1.否定祈使句,+will you?
2.肯定祈使句,+will/won’t you?
3.Let’s...,+shall we?
4.Let us...,+will you?
5.Let+第三人称...,+will you?如:
Open the door,will/won’t you?打开门,好吗?
Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?
我们出去散步,好吗?
Let us go home now,will you?
现在,(您)让我们回家,好吗?
(八)there be句型的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用be/情态动词/助动词+there。如:
There will be rain tomorrow,won’t there?
明天要下雨,是吗?
There should be no problem,should there?
应该没什么问题,是吗?请认真完成高考题组训练 模拟预测题组训练