Unit 4 Cyberspace
课文与语法填空
阅读所学课文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the last thirty years, the Internet 1 (grow) rapidly. In 1983, only 200 computers were 2 (connect) to the Internet;now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.?
Now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments. 3 the future, terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers, 4 (cause) chaos. However, many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet. Already, users can buy 5 (book), book tickets, and get all sorts of information from the Internet. ?
“In the next few years,” says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine, “it is clear 6 we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.” She also believes that, in the future, we will get 7 (entertain) from the Net and that television will probably disappear. The mail service may also disappear with the increasing use of e-mail.?
Some experts see our future in virtual reality—the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. “ 8 (personal), I think virtual reality will become a part of modern life,” says Australian expert Peter Anderson.?
“I see people living and working in 9 virtual world. We will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, 10 we will even study in virtual schools.”?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
答案
1.has grown 根据时间状语和语境可知,此处应用现在完成时。
2.connected be connected to为常用短语,意为“与……有关联;与……连接”。
3.In in the future为介词短语,故空格处填介词In。
4.causing 此处为现在分词作状语,且与主语是主动关系。
5.books 空格处作宾语,结合语境可知,此处应用复数形式。
6.that it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,在从句中不作句子成分。
7.entertainment 空格处作宾语,故填提示词的名词形式。
8.Personally 空格处作状语,故填提示词的副词形式。
9.a world为可数名词,在句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词a。
10.and 空格处前后是并列关系,结合语境可知,and符合题意。
课文与短文改错
根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand. It has population of just under a million people and is located on North Island. It is the most excited city in New Zealand.
His history goes back 650 years when the Maoris settle there. European settlement began in 1840.After 1945, the city of Auckland has grown but it now has large modern suburbs.
From anywhere in the city, and you can see the sea. Auckland, called “the city of sails”, had more boats than anywhere else. It has some of the best beach in New Zealand for do water sports:swimming, diving, sailing and surfing.
答案
第一段
1.第二句:∧population→a have/has a population of为常用短语,意为“有……人口”。
2.第三句:excited→exciting 根据名词city可知,excited应改为exciting。
第二段
3.第一句:His→Its 此处表示“Auckland的历史”,故将His改为Its。
4.第一句:settle→settled 此处表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。
5.第三句:After→Since 根据has grown和语境可知,After应改为Since。
6.第三句:but→and 两个并列分句之间并非转折关系,结合语境可知,but应改为and。
第三段
7.第一句:删除and 分析句子结构可知and是多余的,故删除and。
8.第二句:had→has 该句描述的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时。
9.第三句:beach→beaches 根据some of可知,beach应用复数形式。
10.第三句:do→doing 介词for之后应该接动名词doing。
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)用所学词汇、短语或句型翻译下列各句
1.毫无疑问,现在地球变得越来越暖和了。
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2.很明显,全球变暖给人类还有野生动植物带来了巨大灾难。
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3.全球变暖导致气候恶劣,例如飓风、洪涝灾害和火山爆发。
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4.全球变暖破坏了许多风景名胜,极大地影响了旅游业。
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5.全球变暖应引起全世界的关注。
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(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成一段语言流畅、逻辑严密的短文
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答案
(Ⅰ)1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer now.
2.It is obvious that global warming brings huge disasters to mankind, as well as wild animals and plants.
3.Global warming brings bad climate, such as hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions.
4.Global warming destroys many famous places of interest and affects the tourism industry greatly.
5.Global warming should attract the attention of the whole world.
(Ⅱ)
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer now. It is obvious that global warming brings huge disasters to mankind,as well as wild animals and plants. It not only brings bad climate,such as hurricanes,floods, and volcanic eruptions,but also destroys many famous places of interest and affects the tourism industry greatly. Global warming should attract the attention of the whole world.
单元词汇拓展速记
“-al”(adj.)词块
agricultural农业的
annual每年的,一年一次的,年度的
beneficial有用的,有益的
biographical传记的
botanical植物学的,植物的
casual随意的,非正式的
central中央的,中心的
chemical化学的
classical古典的
digital数字式的
electrical电的;电器的
emotional情感(上)的
environmental自然环境的
facial面部用的;脸的
federal联邦的
formal正式的,合礼仪的
general大体上的,笼统的
global全球的,全世界的
gradual逐渐的
historical历史的,有关历史的
industrial工业的
informal非正式的
local当地的,地方的
medical医学的,医疗的
mental内心的;精神的
musical音乐的
national国家的;民族的
natural自然的
normal正常的
official官方的,政府的;正式的
optional可选择的,选修的
original起初的;最早的
physical身体的;物理的
political政治的
practical实用的;实践的
punctual准时的,守时的
racial种族的
social社会的,社交的
special特别的,专门的
technical技术的,工艺的
theoretical理论的
traditional传统的
typical典型的,有代表性的
unusual不平常的
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Unit 4 Cyberspace
词汇积累
分层单词
?写作词汇
1. n.增长;生长?
2. adv.快,迅速地?
3. adj.平均的n.平均数?
4. n.& vt.攻击,进攻?
5. adj.有可能的?
6. n.课题;方案;工程?
7. vt.影响?
8. vt.建议,提议?
9. vi.消失?
10. n.材料,原料?
11. adj.明显的,显而易见的?
12. n.洪水,水灾?
13. n.时髦,时尚?
14. n.观光,游览?
15. vi.集中注意?
答案 1.growth 2.rapidly 3.average 4.attack 5.likely 6.project 7.affect 8.suggest 9.disappear 10.material 11.obvious 12.flood 13.fashion 14.tourism 15.focus
?阅读词汇
1.crash vt.?
2.arrangement n. ?
3.skip vt. ?
4.artificial adj. ?
5.gallery n. ?
6.network n. ?
7.volcano n. ?
8.historical adj. ?
9.harbour n. ?
10.military adj. ?
11.locate vt. ?
12.suburb n. ?
13.chaos n. ?
答案 1.(汽车、飞机等)撞毁;坠毁 2.安排 3.跳过
4.人造的 5.画廊 6.网络 7.火山 8.历史的 9.海港
10.军事的,军用的 11.坐落于;位于 12.市郊,郊区
13.混乱,无秩序
?拓展词汇
1. n.建议,提议→ vt.建议,提议?
2. n.真实,现实→ adj.真实的,现实的→ adv.真实地?
3. adj.科学的→ n.科学→ n.科学家?
4. vi.定居→ n.(新)定居地?
5. n.犯罪;罪行→ n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的;犯法的?
6. n.时髦,时尚→ adj.时髦的,时尚的?
7. vi.消失→ n.消失→ n.外表?
8. n.恐怖分子→ n.恐怖主义→ n.恐怖→ vt.使恐惧;使惊吓?
9. vt.& n.伤害,损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的?
10. adj.吸引人的,有魅力的→ n.吸引力→ vt.吸引?
11. adj.明显的,显而易见的→ adv.明显地?
12. adj.定期的;规则的→ adv.定期地;规则地?
13. n.& vt.攻击,进攻→ n.攻击者?
14. n.指南;导游,向导 vt.指导,引路→ n.指导;引导?
15. n.娱乐;款待→ vt.使娱乐;款待?
答案 1.suggestion;suggest 2.reality;real;really 3.scientific;science;scientist 4.settle;settlement 5.crime;criminal 6.fashion;fashionable 7.disappear;disappearance;appearance
8.terrorist;terrorism;terror;terrify 9.harm;harmful;harmless
10.attractive;attraction;attract 11.obvious;obviously
12.regular;regularly 13.attack;attacker 14.guide;guidance
15.entertainment;entertain
高频短语
1. 编造,构成?
2. 采取行动?
3. (和……)取得联系?
4. (愿望、梦想等)实现?
5. 接收,接管?
6. 本人,亲自?
7. (电话用语)别挂断?
8.as well as ?
9.be known as ?
10.cut off ?
11.have problems with ?
12.consist of ?
13.be up to ?
14.as if/though ?
15.what’s more ?
答案 1.make up 2.take action 3.get in touch (with)
4.come true 5.take over 6.in the flesh 7.hang on 8.也,又 9.被认为是 10.切掉,切断 11.在……方面有困难 12.由……组成 13.做,从事 14.好像,仿佛 15.而且
经典句型
1.I’ll have my (修表)because it doesn’t work. ?
2. (是真的)that all that is done out of kindness.?
3.Why are you talking to me as if I (打破窗户)??
4.He made a suggestion that we (更改日期).?
5.Once you get into a bad habit of smoking, you will find it (难以去掉).?
答案 1.watch repaired 2.It’s true 3.had broken the window
4.(should) change the date 5.hard to get rid of it
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Unit 4 Cyberspace
语境运用
语境词汇运用
?词汇情景拼写(注意单词或短语的适当形式变化)
1.Technological change is everywhere and (影响) every aspect of life.?
2.They (解决) their dispute in a friendly way yesterday.?
3.We meet (定期地) to discuss the progress of the project. ?
4.The burning plastic gave off poisonous gas, which is (有害的) to our health. ?
5.If you go online tomorrow,your computer might run the risk of being (攻击) by a virus. ?
6.We headed for the (目的地) at first light the next morning.?
7.They are cautiously (乐观的) that the reforms will take place.?
8.I gratefully took the cup of coffee she (提供) me.?
9.He learns English (也) Japanese at present.?
10.Writing a new book these days, he didn’t (取得联系) you.?
11.All electronic computers (由……组成) five units although they are of different kinds.?
12.Firefighters (采取行动) immediately to stop the fire spreading this morning.?
13.I wonder who will (接管) our company in the future.?
答案 1.affects 2.settled 3.regularly 4.harmful 5.attacked 6.destination 7.optimistic 8.offered 9.as well as 10.get in touch with 11.consist of 12.took action 13.take over
?单句填空(注意所填词汇的适当形式变化)
1.What you said has led to the mistaken belief that smoking is not (harm). ?
2. (obvious), we don’t want to spend too much money on the project.?
3.In addition to these (arrange),extra ambulances will be on duty during the competition. ?
4.A career in law is becoming increasingly (attract) to young people.?
5.He is writing a (history) novel about nineteenth-century France.?
6.Some (science) books of ancient China have been lost.?
7.In (real), I have realized that I must stop daydreaming and be realistic. ?
8.Focusing only on what’s on our mobile phones may not only do harm our eyesight,but also prevent us communicating normally.?
9.Keeping touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.?
10.The children are very quiet.I wonder what they are up .?
11. is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines are being built in Wuhan.?
12.As is known to us, China is famous a beautiful country with a long history. ?
答案 1.harmful 2.Obviously 3.arrangements 4.attractive 5.historical 6.scientific 7.reality 8.to 9.in 10.to 11.It 12.as
经典句型仿写
1.I think drink more hot water every day.?
我认为我们每天多喝热水是必要的。
2. yesterday made Peter very angry.?
迈克昨天没有参加会议,这使彼得很生气。
3.这个病人准备让人给他量体温。(have+宾语+宾补)
The patient is going to .?
4.坐在船里的一对年轻的夫妇吃东西并且大声地谈笑,好像他们是世界上仅有的人。(虚拟语气)
A young couple sitting in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if in the world.?
5.我的建议是你写封信鼓励他一下。(表语从句)
My suggestion is to encourage him.?
答案 1.it necessary that 2.That Mike didn’t attend the meeting
3.have his temperature taken 4.they were the only people
5.that you (should)write a letter
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必修模块 2 Unit 4 Cyberspace
1.harm vt.& n.损害;伤害;危害
教材原句
①someone who does terrible things to harm countries????, governments and people做恶劣的事情危害国家、政府和人民的人
单句填空
②Doctors always tell us that drinking too much does harm to???? our health,but some people don't care.
③As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making????(make) an apol- ogy to him first.
点拨
(1)do sb./sth. harm=do harm to sb./sth.对……有害;损害……
mean no harm没有恶意
cause harm to对……造成危害
There is no harm in doing sth.不妨做某事;做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj.有害的
harmful gas有害气体
harmful effects不良/有害影响
harmful radiation有害辐射
a harmful mood不良情绪
be harmful to对……有害的
harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
2.affect vt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染
教材原句
①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to af- fect???? our lives.彼得·泰勒发现了电脑和因特网将如何影响我们的生
活。
单句填空
②Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively????(ef- fective).(2018北京卷单项填空)
③While online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects???? (effect) have been positive.(2016江苏卷)
④With the government's aid, those affected???? (affect) by the earth- quake have moved for the new settlements.
单句改错
⑤No one can deny the effects parents have with their children.
with→on????
句式升级
⑥I was deeply affected by the film and couldn't help weeping.
→ Deeply affected by the film????, I couldn't help weeping.(过去分词短 语作状语)
完成句子
⑦What parents say and do has a life-long effect on????their children.
父母所说的和所做的对他们的孩子有着终身的影响。
写作微练
⑧这些关于国外文化的文章对我们的英语学习产生了良好影响。
These articles about foreign culture(s) have a good effect/influence on our English study.????
点拨
(1)affect sb. to tears把某人感动得流泪
be affected with high fever发高烧
(2)effect n.结果;影响
have an effect/influence on对……有影响
effective adj.有效的;起作用的
【辨析】
单词 不同点
affect affect是动词,指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
effect effect作名词时,意为“结果,效应,影响”,常用在have an effect on的结构中,表示
“对……有影响”
influence influence既是动词也是名词,指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”,常用的搭配有:have an influence on sb./sth.意为“对……有影响”
3.suggest v.建议,提议;暗示,表明
教材原句
①Tom, can you suggest???? any good books for???? my projects? 汤姆, 你能为我的项目推荐一些好书吗?
单句填空
②Bill suggested holding????(hold)a meeting to discuss what to do during the vacation.
③He came to my class every day,but his attitude suggested that he was????
(be)not really interested in the subject.
④My mom suggests that we (should) eat????(eat)out for a change this weekend.
⑤The manager put forward a suggestion???? (suggest) that we should
have an assistant and there is too much work to do. (2016天津卷)
⑥ It???? was suggested that I learn to help others when necessary.
句式升级
⑦He advised us to take all the factors into consideration.
→He made a suggestion that we (should) take all the factors into consid- eration????.(改为同位语从句)
【发散思维】
suggestion n.建议;提议(可数名词)
make/offer/give a suggestion提供一条建议
ask for a suggestion征求一条建议
at/on sb.'s suggestion根据某人的建议,在某人的提议下
4.mean v.意思是;意味着;打算;意欲 adj.卑鄙的;低劣的;吝啬的,小气的
教材原句
①Cathy, do you mean???? we'll use the computer to travel around the
world, entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the histori- cal sites?凯茜,你的意思是我们将使用电脑去环游世界,快速出入不同的 国家并参观所有的历史遗迹吗?
单句填空
②In his opinion, it is more meaningful???? (meaning) to travel in foreign countries.
③I still remember visiting???? (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江卷)
④After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to thank???? (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
完成句子
⑤—Why?This is the third time you have missed the lecture!
—I hadn't meant????to.I was hurrying to school when something urgent happened to me.
——怎么回事?这是你第三次错过讲座了!
——我没想这样。我正往学校赶,这时候有紧急的事情发生了。
⑥I've been meaning to call????my parents for days.
几天来我一直打算给父母打电话。
⑦This new order will mean working????overtime.这个新订单将意味着 加班工作。
⑧At such an advanced age they can no longer take a meaningful role???? in the company.在如此高龄的时候,他们已不能再在公司中担当重要角 色。
点拨
(1)mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
(2)be meant for为……而准备的
(3)meaning n.意思,意义;含义;思想
meaningful adj.重要的,意味深长的
【点津】 had meant to do sth.表示“本打算做某事”
【发散思维】 几组接不定式和动名词意思有区别的词或短语:re-
member to do sth.记住要做某事,remember doing sth.记得做过某事;for- get to do sth.忘记要做某事,forget doing sth.忘记做过某事;go on to do sth. 继续做某事(内容发生改变),go on doing sth. 继续做某事(内容未变); mean to do sth.打算做某事,mean doing sth.意味着做某事;regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事,regret doing sth.遗憾做过某事;stop to do sth.停下来做另 外一件事,stop doing sth.停止正在做的事;try to do sth.尽力做某事,try doing sth.试着做某事。
5.population n.人口;全体居民
教材原句
①It has a???? population of just under a million people and is located on North Island.
单句填空
②It is reported that the population of that city has reduced???? (reduce) by 5 percent since 2010.
③At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population was????
(be) about 1,700 million.
④Two years later, Dawson was one of the largest cities in the West, ????wit????
a population of 30,000.(2018课标全国Ⅲ阅读理解)
完成句子
⑤Canada is the second largest country in the world with a population of more???? than thirty million.加拿大是世界上第二大国家,人口超过三千 万。
⑥Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs????.十年前,我们村的人口是他们村人口的两倍。
点拨
(1)the population of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;分数、百分比等+ of the population作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)have a population of有……人口
with a population of有……人口
the population of+地点名词+is larger than that of+地点名词 ……地方的 人口比……地方的多
What's the population of+地点名词?……地方的人口是多少?
【点津】 表达人口多或少时,用large或small,不用many,much,few或lit- tle。
6.settle v.定居;平静下来;解决(分歧、纠纷等)
教材原句
①The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled???? (settle) in the area.
点拨
(1)settle down定居下来;安静下来;舒适地坐下/躺下
settle down to(doing)sth.开始认真对待某事
settle in/into sth.安顿下来;适应新环境/新工作
(2)settler n.移民;殖民者
settlement n.定居点;解决
7.view n.景色,风景;视野;看法,意见 vt.观察;考虑;看待
教材原句
①In the city, you can enjoy an amazing view???? from the Sky Tower, which is the city's tallest Tower.在城市里,站在城市最高的塔——天空 塔上,你可以欣赏到令人惊异的景色。
单句填空
② In???? my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well along- side an older style.
③Person in Asian cultures may view silence as???? a sign of respect. (201 6课标全国Ⅰ)
完成句子
④ In my view/opinion????(我认为),this plan is unrealistic,so I decide not to take it.
⑤ In view of????his youth, the police have decided not to press charges.
鉴于他年纪很轻,警方已决定不予起诉。
点拨
(1)in one's view=in the view of sb.=in one's opinion在某人看来
in view of鉴于,考虑到
in view/sight在视野范围内
out of view/sight在视野范围外
come into view进入视野,出现在眼前
point of view观点;态度;意见
take the view that...持有……观点
(2)view...as...把……视为/看作……
8.average adj.平均的;平常的;普通的,一般的 n.平均,平均数;平均标准,一 般水准 v.平均为,算出……的平均数
教材原句
①... the average temperature???? in January (summer) is 23.4℃...……1月 份(夏季)的平均气温是23.4℃……
单句填空
②Tom's work at school is above???? the average, while Harry's is below the average.
③The library now gets an???? average of five visits a day.
完成句子
④His living standards are above average????(高于一般水平).
⑤ On average????we would be spending $300 per day.
我们平均每天要花费300美元。
点拨
above/below(the)average 在平均水平以上/以下
an average of+数字 平均为……
on average平均;按平均计算
the average of... ……的平均数
an average speed平均速度
average power平均功率
average temperature平均温度
1.get in touch (with) (与……)取得联系
教材原句
①Get in???? touch.
单句填空
②To make it easier to get in touch with???? us, you'd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京卷)
③You should give Bob a ring because you haven't been in???? touch with him for ages.
单句改错
④From then on, we've kept touch with each other through e-mails.
kept∧→in????
完成句子
⑤No one whom he has taught seems ever to lose touch with him????.
他所教过的学生似乎没有一个和他失去联系。
⑥I tried to get in touch????with you this afternoon.
我今天下午曾试图与你取得联系。
⑦How long have you kept in touch/been in touch????with John?
你和约翰保持联系多久了?
2.be up to 从事,忙于;多达;达到;直到……为止;由……决定
教材原句
①What are you up to???? this weekend, John?
语境识意(写出下列句中up to的含义)
②It's up to???? you whether we accept the present or not.? 由……决
定????
③California condors(秃鹫) are North America's largest birds, with wing length of up to 3 meters. ? 达到????
单句填空
④After his illness, Tom was no longer up to doing???? (do) the work.
⑤Up to now, the program has saved???? (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
⑥Last year, his total income,with his reward added to, added up???? to 15,000 yuan.
单句改错
⑦All the players failed to live up their coach's expectations of them.
up∧→to????
点拨
be up to(doing)sth.能胜任(做)某事
be up to sb.(to do sth.)由某人来决定(做某事)
【联想】 含有up to的常用短语:
add up to总计
come up to接近;相当于
look up to敬仰
live up to不辜负,达到
wake up to意识到
up to date现代的;最新的
up to standard达到标准;合乎标准
up to the present到现在为止
up to now=so far=till/until now到目前为止
1.make+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句
①In 1985, the New Zealand government made the whole country a???? nuclear-free zone...
单句填空
②Mr. Brown was glad to make himself clearly understood???? (under- stand).
③He thinks youngsters shouldn't be made to go???? (go) to school too early.
④Knowing the causes of anger can make us examine????(examine) our behavior, and correct bad habits.(2018北京卷七选五)
单句改错
⑤What makes this shop difference is that it offers more services.
difference→different????
完成句子
⑥He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested in???? his lectures.他非常受他的学生欢迎,因为他总是试图让 他们对他的演讲感兴趣。
点拨
(1)句式“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的常用结构如下:
make+宾语+n./adj./adv.
make+宾语+介词短语
make+宾语+do sth.(do与宾语是主动关系)
make+宾语+done sth.(done与宾语是被动关系)
(2)make oneself understood让别人明白/理解自己
【点津】 该句式的被动语态结构中,动词原形前需加不定式符号to。
此外,make不接doing作宾语补足语。
2.It is+adj.+that从句
教材原句
①...“ It???? is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”
单句改错
⑥I think that it is foolish for you to do such a thing.
for→of????
⑦It is by no means clear that the president can do to end the strike.
that→what????
⑧Everyone is very friendly and it doesn't matter how you have lived there for a short or a long time.
how→whether????
完成句子
⑨It suddenly occurred to him that he had left???? his keys in the office.他 突然想起,他把钥匙忘在办公室了。
⑩It doesn't matter whether you turn right or???? left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.在十字路口无论你向右拐还是向左拐都没关系, 两条路都通向公园。
点拨
在该句式中,it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,类似结构 还有:
(1)It+be+名词+主语从句(如:It is a fact/pity/shame/surprise that...;It is no wonder that...)
【点津】 此时主语从句的引导词不一定用that,而是需要根据情况使 用。
(2)It+be+过去分词+主语从句(如:It is believed/reported/said/thought
that...)
(3)It+不及物动词+主语从句(如:It occurred to sb. that...某人突然想起… …;It doesn't matter how/whether...)
【联想】 it作形式主语的不定式的复合结构:
(1)It's+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.(形容词是描述不定式动作的。如:danger- ous,difficult,easy,important,impossible,interesting等)
(2)It's+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.(常可改为“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”)(形容 词是描述人的性格和品质方面的。如:brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,
kind,nice,stupid等)
3.find+it+adj.+to do sth.
教材原句
①But I still find it hard to imagine????(imagine).
单句填空
②I find it hard to stop???? (stop) and dancing reminds me that I'm alive. (2018课标全国Ⅲ七选五)
③Susan made it clear to me that???? she wished to make a new life for herself.
单句改错
④I think it very importance to make more friends abroad.
importance→important????
⑤People felt it impossible of man to fly into outer space some years ago.
of→for????
⑥New technologies have made it possibly to turn out new products faster.
possibly→possible????
句式升级
⑦We should speak more English. We think it is very important.
→ We think it very important to speak more English.????(it作形式宾语,不 定式作真正宾语)
点拨
在该句式中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语,形容词在句中作 宾补(宾补也可以是名词),此外,真正的宾语还可以是宾语从句。常用于 该句式的动词有consider,think,find,feel,make,believe等。该句式可归纳 为:
动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth./that从句
【点津】 在该句式中,不定式之前有时可加上“for+名词/代词”,此 时名词/代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
Unit 4 Cyberspace
Ⅰ.七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2018吉林实验中学考前模拟)
We were high in the mountains of Xishuangbanna, as far south as you can get in Yunnan, skirting the borders of Myanmar and Laos. The drive was typical, textbook beauty: mountains thick with rubber tree forests, pure tea plantations, banana palms and tiny Dai villages. Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road. 1 ?
We run into the current home of Wei Dajing, a 17-year-old apprentice (学徒) bee-keeper who was manning his hives. Wei was fresh to the bee-keeping life, and had been on the job for just two months and was here to learn from a master bee-keeper. Their tent and hive set-up is always temporary. 2 “This particular spot was stationed at a sunny patch of yellow flowers. Once these flowers die, the rubber trees will be flowering, so we will move toward them,” he told Sam.?
Like thieves in the night, the bee-keepers will stealthily pack up their hives in the dark once the bees go to sleep. “They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar (花蜜). 3 ” Wei explained.?
The hives were humming, and bees were invasively buzzing around Wei as he spoke to us. Pieces of fruit laid drying among the hives, used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy once Wei bottled up their hard-earned honey. Sam, who also had a couple of his own small hives in his backyard, told us you must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive. 4 ?
We waved goodbye to Wei. Back at Sam’s house, he gave us a bowl of local honey. 5 Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich with a more savory, spiced flavor, it tasted just like China.?
A.It was smooth, thin and runny.
B.Wei skillfully collected honey from the hives.
C.Otherwise the bees would get fed up and abandon you.
D.Maybe it is the flowers that give such unique taste to the honey.
E.By 10 pm they are asleep in their hives, which is when we move.
F.I asked our excellent guide and new best friend, Sam, to pull over.
G.Wei and his master move their camp as the flowers bloom and die.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
答案
[语篇解读] 我来到了美丽的西双版纳,领略了这里迷人的风景,也认识了一位养蜂人。
1.F 我看到了路边一个帐篷附近有很多木箱子。出于好奇,于是我让我们优秀的导游也是我们新交的好朋友Sam靠边停车(我去看看)。
2.G 这个帐篷蜂箱的搭建是临时性的,因为这里有大片的黄花。等这些花凋谢了他们就走了。由此可知答案为G项。
3.E 此处描述蜜蜂的活动规律:白天特别是正午它们采蜜最活跃,到了晚上蜜蜂睡着后养蜂人开始悄悄地收拾蜂巢。到了夜里10点蜜蜂睡着了,他们就开始行动了。故选E项。
4.C Sam告诉我们,一定要在蜂房里给蜜蜂留下少许蜂蜜,否则(留的太多)蜜蜂吃饱了就会抛弃你的。故选C项。
5.A 空格前:回到Sam家,他给了我们一碗当地的蜂蜜,它很光滑、很淡也很松软(描述蜂蜜的样子)。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018河南中原名校预测金卷)
Emergency on the Mountain
Anna was a 12-year-old girl living in the mountain. Her 1 was to become a village nurse like Leta, her neighbor. She spent almost all her spare time reading the 2 book by herself.?
This morning, Leta went to Santiago to 3 a short-term training class by a group of volunteer doctors for first aiders to learn medical skills. Before she left, Anna begged Leta to take her along but Leta 4 , saying that Anna was too 5 to learn anything important.?
Anna was very 6 this morning, so she decided to wander around to refresh herself. On the hillside, she saw Rafi standing on a donkey’s bare back, some kids around him. Rafi was only 13, but he was always doing something to get 7 . “No wonder adults don’t 8 kids with anything important,” Anna said to herself. She had just turned away 9 she heard a few screams and Rafi fell off the donkey. Anna ran to where Rafi was lying and 10 that one of his legs bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle and that all the other kids were 11 not knowing what to do. She 12 what the first-aid book said about 13 legs.?
“Vin!” Anna called to one of the boys.
“Go and get Rafi’s mama and find someone with a truck.”
She turned 14 the other kids. “Give me your shirts. We need something to 15 his leg to so it doesn’t move around.”?
Anna found a strong, straight stick, which she’d use to 16 his leg. She carefully wrapped the boys’ shirts around his leg and the stick. When Anna was done, Rafi came back to himself. Anna 17 comforted him until Rafi’s mama came over.?
Behind her was a neighbor in a pickup truck. They lifted Rafi into the truck, and then 18 down the dusty hillside toward the hospital.?
The next day, Leta came to Anna’s home. “I heard what you did,” Leta said.“You kept your head in a(an) 19 . That’s an important skill.” Anna’s face burned.?
“Now, listen. The volunteer doctors are coming here tomorrow with vaccines (疫苗). We need some extra 20 . Can you help?”?
Anna didn’t hesitate. “I would love to and I’ll bring my first-aid book,” Anna said excitedly.
1.A.dream B.hobby C.plan D.addiction
2.A.science B.first-aid C.biology D.handcraft
3.A.attend B.give C.learn D.follow
4.A.agreed B.promised C.refused D.allowed
5.A.weak B.sensitive C.selfish D.young
6.A.upset B.relieved C.cold D.different
7.A.connection B.attention C.distinction D.education
8.A.bother B.present C.trust D.provide
9.A.when B.after C.until D.since
10.A.stated B.predicted C.explained D.noticed
11.A.annoyed B.confused C.frozen D.excited
12.A.memorized B.submitted C.remembered D.considered
13.A.wounded B.broken C.bleeding D.swollen
14.A.to B.down C.against D.on
15.A.add B.cover C.tie D.bend
16.A.carry B.fix C.raise D.lift
17.A.warmly B.quickly C.politely D.gently
18.A.rode B.drove C.walked D.marched
19.A.protection B.emergency C.accident D.difficulty
20.A.medicine B.lessons C.offers D.hands
答案
[语篇解读] 一个住在山上的小女孩有一个梦想:成为一名乡村护士,一个偶然的机会让她展示了自己在这方面的天赋。
1.A 考查名词。Anna的梦想(dream)就是像她的邻居Leta那样成为一名乡村护士,所以她在空闲时间都在阅读这方面的书籍。hobby嗜好,业余爱好;plan计划;addiction瘾;嗜好。
2.B 考查名词。根据第3空后的for first aiders to learn medical skills和文章最后一句中的I’ll bring my first-aid book可知,她是在自学有关急救方面的书。science科学;biology生物;handcraft手工,手艺。
3.A 考查动词。今天早上Leta要去圣地亚哥参加一个短期培训班。attend a class上课;听课。故选A项。
4.C 考查动词。Anna想跟着Leta一块去听课,可是Leta拒绝(refuse)了她。根据语境和转折连词but可知答案为C项。
5.D 考查形容词。文章第一句话告诉我们Anna只有12岁,所以Leta认为她太小(young),所以拒绝带她去听课。
6.A 考查形容词。由于自己的请求被拒绝,所以Anna感到很沮丧(upset)。
7.B 考查名词。句意:Rafi只有13岁,可他总是做些事情来获得关注(attention)。此处指他站在驴背上来吸引人们的注意力。connection联系,连接;distinction区别,卓越;education教育,培养。
8.C 考查动词。难怪大人不能把任何重要的事情交给孩子们!trust sb. with sth.托付;托交。
9.A 考查连词。句意:Anna正想离开就在这时(when)她听到了几声尖叫声,Rafi从驴背上掉了下来。when作并列连词,表示“这时,就在这时”。
10.D 考查动词。句意:Anna跑到了Rafi躺着的地方,她注意到Rafi的一条腿……。state 陈述,声明;predict预测,预言;explain解释,说明。
11.C 考查形容词。此处指其他的孩子都愣住,不知所措了。frozen吓呆,惊呆;annoyed 恼怒;confused困惑的;excited激动的;兴奋的。
12.C 考查动词。句意:Anna记起了急救书上有关腿骨折的说明。memorize记住,熟记;submit提交,顺从;remember记起;consider考虑。
13.B 考查形容词。根据上文第10空后的描述可知,Rafi的一条腿在膝盖和脚踝之间已经弯曲变形,由此可知他是骨折了,broken legs骨折的腿。wounded受伤的;bleeding流血的;swollen肿胀的。
14.A 考查动词短语。turn to sb.转向某人求助。
15.C 考查动词。句意:给我你们的衬衫,我需要把他的腿给绑到某件东西上……。tie系上;栓。符合语境。
16.B 考查动词。她找到了一根笔直、结实的木棍来固定Rafi的腿。fix在此处意为:使牢固;使固定。
17.D 考查副词。Rafi醒了过来,Anna温柔地(gently)安慰着Rafi直到Rafi的妈妈过来。
18.B 考查动词。他们把Rafi抬到卡车里,然后沿着尘土飞扬的道路往医院驶去。drive驾驶。
19.B 考查名词。你能在紧急情况(emergency)下保持头脑冷静,这是非常重要的技巧。此处指面对小伙伴突然骨折这种紧急情况,故选B项。
20.D 考查名词。我们需要一些帮手(hands)。你能帮忙吗?
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2018河南中原名校预测金卷)
More than 700 years ago, a 17-year-old Italian youth followed his father and uncle on a journey to the East, dreaming about the mysteries of China. The three set 1 on a path that might have frightened even the most ambitious travelers. The young adventurer was Marco Polo.?
Having a talent for languages, Marco Polo learned to speak Mongolian and Chinese. Later under the orders of Kublai Khan, he 2 (travel) far and wide across China. Along the way, he stopped 3 (record) detailed notes about the local customs, geography and values of the people, so as to report back to Khan.?
Marco Polo returned to Venice 24 years later. With 4 (count) treasures brought back from the East, he became 5 wealthy man overnight. 6 he had witnessed in China aroused much interest among his countrymen. Marco Polo’s journey to China and the contents of his 7 (vivid) written book, The Travels of Marco Polo, which 8 (think) to be a fairy tale in Europe at the time, triggered a wave of European interest in the Orient.?
Marco Polo’s story is both one about an explorer’s search for riches and a Westerner 9 (follow) his dream to reach China. More than 700 years later, China, the once mysterious Oriental nation, is igniting the Chinese dream of many modern Marco Polos, attracted by its rapid 10 (develop) and its growing importance in the world.?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文描述了马可·波罗在中国生活的经历和《马可·波罗游记》对西方的影响。
1.off/out 考查动词短语。句意:三个人踏上了一条有可能让那些最有雄心壮志的旅行者们望而却步的道路。set off/out动身;出发。
2.travelled/traveled 考查动词时态。这里描述的是过去的动作,所以用一般过去时。
3.to record 考查非谓语动词。空格处是非谓语动词作状语,表示目的。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。
4.countless 考查形容词。他从东方带着无数的金银财宝回到了威尼斯。空格处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词,countless adj.无数的。
5.a 考查冠词。他一夜之间成了一个富有的人。考查不定冠词表示泛指。
6.What 考查主语从句。句意:他在中国的所见所闻激起了他的同胞对中国的很大兴趣。空格处引导的是主语从句,在主语从句中充当主语,所以要用what引导。
7.vividly 考查副词。written为形容词,所以空格处要用副词形式修饰形容词:his vividly written book他的写得惟妙惟肖的书。
8.was thought 考查动词的时态和语态。在当时这本书被认为是一部神话传说。空格处在定语从句中作谓语,与主语之间是被动关系,时态为一般过去时,所以答案为was thought。
9.following 考查非谓语动词。此处表达:一个追求梦想来到中国的西方人。空格处作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词 a Westerner之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。
10.development 考查名词。空格前的形容词rapid修饰空格处的名词:rapid development快速发展。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
This term I joined in the Chinese painting club in our school. The members of our club met once a week. We have difference activities and I enjoy all of it. We’ve invited some well-known painters to a club to talk about the history of Chinese painting but teach us the basic techniques of drawing. At the weekend, we usually go to visit art galleries, where we study the masterpieces of famous artist and discuss what we understand the works. I am very glad that our club getting more and more attractive. And I’m sure that our schoolmates will get to love our great traditionally culture and art.
答案
1.第一句:去掉joined后的in 此处表达:加入/参加了学校的绘画俱乐部(某个组织)。join in表示参加某项活动。
2.第二句:met→meet 此处应用一般现在时。
3.第三句:difference→different 句意:我们有不同的活动而且我喜欢所有的活动。形容词different修饰名词activities。
4.第三句:it→them 此处指代的是前面的复数名词activities,所以要用them。
5.第四句:a→the 我们已经邀请了一些知名的画家来到我们的俱乐部。club是第三次出现,应该用定冠词the表示特指。
6.第四句:but→and 他们谈论了中国的绘画历史,也教了我们一些基本的绘画技巧。前后是并列关系,要用and连接。
7.第五句:artist→artists artist是可数名词,没有限制词修饰时要用复数形式。
8.第五句:what→how 此处指讨论了我们是如何理解这些作品的。discuss后是宾语从句,引导词在从句中不是主语也不是宾语(表语),而是方式状语,所以要用how引导。
9.第六句:getting前加is 句意:我很高兴我们的俱乐部正变得越来越有魅力。that引导宾语从句,从句中缺少谓语动词,且为现在进行时,所以要用is getting。
10.第七句:traditionally→traditional 此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词:traditional culture and art传统文化和艺术。
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2018吉林长春一模)
假设你是校学生会主席李华,想邀请外教Henry先生一起参加学校举办的中秋节晚会。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.介绍写邮件的目的;
2.晚会时间、地点:9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅;
3.晚会内容:同学们表演节目、吃月饼、赏月。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Henry,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案
One possible version:
Dear Mr. Henry,?
I’m Li Hua, chairman of Students’ Union. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party. The Mid-Autumn Festival is around the corner, which is a time for family members and loved ones to get together.
To celebrate this Chinese traditional festival, a party will be held at the lecture hall of our school at 6 pm. on Sep.30th. At the party there will be a lot of performances and we will enjoy a variety of delicious foods, including mooncakes, watermelons, grapes and so on, while admiring the fullest and roundest moon.
We can’t wait to see you!
Yours sincerely,?
Li Hua?
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