中考英语复习主谓一致及特殊句型学案
考情分析
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。主谓一致的重要考查点是：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。特殊句型是中考中常考的特殊句型之一，命题形式主要以单项选择、完成句子等。
学习目标
1. 掌握主谓一致和特殊句型的基本用法；
2. 准确完成主谓一致和特殊句型的相关练习。
考点一 主谓一致
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The girl is fond of singing.
To protect the environment is our duty.
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
That he has won the game is known to us all.
例：(2018·湖南永州中考) Playing computer games to often bad for us.
A.am B.is C. are
2. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The students are having their math class.
They have been to Qingdao twice.
3. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Two months is a long holiday.
Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help.
4. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Both Peter and Mike come from England.
例：(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is. D. are
5. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Jack’s glasses are broken.
Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
6. “a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：A number of trees have been planted.
The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
例1：（2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they better care of in the future.
A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take
例2：(2018·甘肃天水)30.—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A.is, have come B.is, has come
C.are, has come D.are, have come
7. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Is everyone here?
Something is wrong with my computer.
I called last night, but nobody was in.
例：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary ________ to Beijing.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been
8. 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
如：Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday.
A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate.
9. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
如：This kind of car is made in China.
Large quantities of water are needed.
10. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
如：Two thirds of the work has been finished.
Most of the books are written in English.
11. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
如：---Who is your sister?
---The girl who/ that is standing behind the counter.
意义一致原则
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The writer and the teacher are coming.
The writer and teacher is coming.
2. 有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。
如：His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs.
3. 有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The police are searching for the murder.
Physics is really difficult for me
4. “the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The young are energetic.
5. 某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
如：Half of the work has been finished.
Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
就近一致原则
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致
如：Neither you nor he is wrong.
Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.
例：(2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》).
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2. Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。
如：Here are some books and paper for you.
There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
例： (2018·湖南湘潭) a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are B. There be C. There is
考点二 倒装句
英语中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语”，但有时为了表达的需要，会改变这种基本的语序，而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这叫倒装。
1. 大部分疑问句使用了倒装语序
如：Where are you from ?你是哪里人？
What did she do with the bike ?她是怎样处理那辆自行车的？
2. 以here或there开头的句子常用倒装语序
以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为名词（词组），主谓要倒装。
如：There is a boy standing in front of the school gate .有一个男孩正站在学校的大门前。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell .铃响了。
注意：以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不能倒装。
如：Here you are .给你。
3. 由so引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由so引起的倒装句，即“so + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也如此”。
如：You are a student . So am I. 你是一名学生，我也是。
You usually go to school by bike , and so does he .你通常骑自行车去上学，他也是。
I can fly a kite , and so can she .我会放风筝，她也会。
注意：若对前面所说的事实加以肯定，则用“so +主语 +be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“的确如此”。这两个句子的主语指的是同一人或同一物。
如：-He likes English .他喜欢英语。 -It’s a cloudy day today .今天是个阴天。
-So he does .他的确喜欢英语。 -So it is .的确如此。
4. 由neither / nor引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由neither / nor引起的倒装句，即“neither / nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也不如此”。
如：I haven’t bought a new pen , and neither/nor has Lucy .我没买新钢笔，露西也没买。
She doesn’t like tea .Neither / nor do I .她不喜欢喝茶，我也不喜欢。
考点三 强调句
1.强调句句型
陈述句的强调句型：It is /was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
如：It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天碰见李平的。
注意:构成强调句的it本身没有意义；强调句中的连接词用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was…，其余的时态用It is…。
2.对谓语动词的强调
It is/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did.
如：He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
考点四 反意疑问句
1.肯定陈述句+否定附加问句
如：Lucy often goes to school on foot, doesn’t she?
露西常常步行去上学，对吗？
2.否定陈述句+肯定附加问句
如：You haven’t finished your work, have you?
你还没有完成你的工作，是吗？
例：（2018?贵州黔南)He has few friends in his new school, ________?
A. hasn’t he B. does he C. is he D. doesn’t he
3.Let’s祈使句，shall we?
如：Let’s have a rest, shall we?咱们休息一下，好吗？
4.肯定（否定）祈使句，will you?
如：Be sure to come on time, will you?保证按时来，好吗？
考点五 what和how引导的感叹句
1.what引导
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！
如：What a beautiful present (it is)！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！
What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+(主语+谓语)！
如：What interesting stories (they are)! 多么有趣的故事！
What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！
如：What nice music (it is)！很美妙的音乐！
例1：(2018?湖北十堰)35. —I watched the live(直播)NBA game last night. How about you?
—Of course I did. ______ amazing game it was!
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
例2： (2018·江苏宿迁) —__________ fine weather it is! Shall we go hiking in the hills?
—Why not?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
2.how引导
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
如：How fine the weather is！天气真好！
How well he plays the violin！他小提琴拉得多好啊！
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！
如：How beautiful a present (it is)!多么漂亮的礼物啊！
How+主语+谓语！
如：How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！
例： (2018?湖北宜昌)—It is reported that a kind of new smart phones can test the air quality (质量) around you.
—________ fast the technology develops!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
考点六 祈使句
祈使句句式
肯定形式
否定形式
Do型：(please)动词原形+其他
(Please)Sit?down!
Don’t?stand?up!
Be型：be+表语
Be?quiet!
Don’t?be?late?for?class!
Let型：let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let’s?have?another?try.?
Don't?let?the?boy?draw?here.
Let?the?boy?not?draw?here.?
?No型：no+名词/动名词
No?parking!?No?littering!
1.祈使句的回答用一般将来时。
如：—Please remember to bring my notebook to school. 请记得把我的笔记本带到学校来。
—OK, I will. 好的，我会的。
2.“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。
如：Work harder, and you’ll get good grades. 再努力一些，你将会取得好成绩。
例1：(2018·湖南湘潭) to turn off all the lights when you go out.
A. Remember B. To remember C. Remembering
例2：（2018?上海中考) Please______the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A.puts B.put C.putting D. to put
考点七 there be句型
1.there be 句型表示某地有某物，强调存在关系； have/has/had表示某人拥有某物，强调所属关系
如：There is a cinema near my home.
I have three book.
2. there be 句型遵循就近原则
3. there be 句型的时态
一般现在时单数用there is,复数用there are
一般过去时单数用there was,复数用there were
一般将来时用there will be;或者单数用there is going to be,复数用there are going to be
现在完成时单数用there has been,复数用there have been
4. there be sb doing sth表示“某人正在某地作某事”
如：There is a baby sleeping in the next room.
中考英语复习主谓一致及特殊句型学案
考情分析
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。主谓一致的重要考查点是：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。特殊句型是中考中常考的特殊句型之一，命题形式主要以单项选择、完成句子等。
学习目标
1. 掌握主谓一致和特殊句型的基本用法；
2. 准确完成主谓一致和特殊句型的相关练习。
考点一 主谓一致
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The girl is fond of singing.
To protect the environment is our duty.
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
That he has won the game is known to us all.
例：(2018·湖南永州中考) Playing computer games to often bad for us.
A.am B.is C. are
B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：玩电脑游戏对我们有害。动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。故选B。
2. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The students are having their math class.
They have been to Qingdao twice.
3. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Two months is a long holiday.
Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help.
4. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Both Peter and Mike come from England.
例：(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is. D. are
D 考查主谓一致。句意：Mike和我都在为新的高中生活而准备。both… and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选D。
5. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Jack’s glasses are broken.
Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
6. “a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：A number of trees have been planted.
The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
例1：（2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they better care of in the future.
A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take
C. 考查主谓一致和被动语态。The number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数。第二个空提到在将来他们被照顾得更好，因此，用将来时被动语态，故选C。
例2：(2018·甘肃天水)30.—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A.is, have come B.is, has come
C.are, has come D.are, have come
A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——今年游客的数量已经达到三千三百多万人。——是的。因为我们城市的新面孔，到目前为止，大量的游客已经到来。固定用法：the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式；a large number of 意为“许多的；大量的”，后跟可数名词复数+动词原形。根据句意可知：第一个空格用单数is；第二个空格用have come。故选A。
7. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Is everyone here?
Something is wrong with my computer.
I called last night, but nobody was in.
例：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary ________ to Beijing.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been
C 考查主谓一致的用法。该句主语为不定代词everyone, 不定代词作主语，看作单数。故选C。
8. 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
如：Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday.
A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate.
9. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
如：This kind of car is made in China.
Large quantities of water are needed.
10. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
如：Two thirds of the work has been finished.
Most of the books are written in English.
11. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
如：---Who is your sister?
---The girl who/ that is standing behind the counter.
意义一致原则
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The writer and the teacher are coming.
The writer and teacher is coming.
2. 有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。
如：His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs.
3. 有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The police are searching for the murder.
Physics is really difficult for me
4. “the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The young are energetic.
5. 某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
如：Half of the work has been finished.
Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
就近一致原则
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致
如：Neither you nor he is wrong.
Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.
例：(2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》).
A. is B. are C. am D. be
A 考查主谓一致。句意：不仅孩子们而且我的丈夫都狂热于电影《红海行动》。表示 “狂热于”，应用be crazy about；其次not only … but also …充当句子的主语遵循“就近原则”，该题my husband表示三单。故选A。
2. Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。
如：Here are some books and paper for you.
There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
例： (2018·湖南湘潭) a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are B. There be C. There is
C 考查there be句型。句意：在我的课桌上有一个钟表。它每天把我叫醒。“there be……”表“有……”；后面的名词为单数或不可数名词用is；若为复数则用are。该句中的a clock为单数，故选C。
考点二 倒装句
英语中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语”，但有时为了表达的需要，会改变这种基本的语序，而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这叫倒装。
1. 大部分疑问句使用了倒装语序
如：Where are you from ?你是哪里人？
What did she do with the bike ?她是怎样处理那辆自行车的？
2. 以here或there开头的句子常用倒装语序
以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为名词（词组），主谓要倒装。
如：There is a boy standing in front of the school gate .有一个男孩正站在学校的大门前。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell .铃响了。
注意：以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不能倒装。
如：Here you are .给你。
3. 由so引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由so引起的倒装句，即“so + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也如此”。
如：You are a student . So am I. 你是一名学生，我也是。
You usually go to school by bike , and so does he .你通常骑自行车去上学，他也是。
I can fly a kite , and so can she .我会放风筝，她也会。
注意：若对前面所说的事实加以肯定，则用“so +主语 +be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“的确如此”。这两个句子的主语指的是同一人或同一物。
如：-He likes English .他喜欢英语。 -It’s a cloudy day today .今天是个阴天。
-So he does .他的确喜欢英语。 -So it is .的确如此。
4. 由neither / nor引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由neither / nor引起的倒装句，即“neither / nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也不如此”。
如：I haven’t bought a new pen , and neither/nor has Lucy .我没买新钢笔，露西也没买。
She doesn’t like tea .Neither / nor do I .她不喜欢喝茶，我也不喜欢。
考点三 强调句
1.强调句句型
陈述句的强调句型：It is /was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
如：It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天碰见李平的。
注意:构成强调句的it本身没有意义；强调句中的连接词用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was…，其余的时态用It is…。
2.对谓语动词的强调
It is/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did.
如：He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
考点四 反意疑问句
1.肯定陈述句+否定附加问句
如：Lucy often goes to school on foot, doesn’t she?
露西常常步行去上学，对吗？
2.否定陈述句+肯定附加问句
如：You haven’t finished your work, have you?
你还没有完成你的工作，是吗？
例：（2018?贵州黔南)He has few friends in his new school, ________?
A. hasn’t he B. does he C. is he D. doesn’t he
B【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：他在学校几乎没有朋友，对吗？反意疑问句的规则是：“前肯后否，前否后肯”，“few”本身表示否定意义，表示“几乎没有”,而前一句的谓语动词用的是动词has，否定的时候就用助动词does，所以选B。
3.Let’s祈使句，shall we?
如：Let’s have a rest, shall we?咱们休息一下，好吗？
4.肯定（否定）祈使句，will you?
如：Be sure to come on time, will you?保证按时来，好吗？
考点五 what和how引导的感叹句
1.what引导
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！
如：What a beautiful present (it is)！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！
What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+(主语+谓语)！
如：What interesting stories (they are)! 多么有趣的故事！
What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！
如：What nice music (it is)！很美妙的音乐！
例1：(2018?湖北十堰)35. —I watched the live(直播)NBA game last night. How about you?
—Of course I did. ______ amazing game it was!
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
A【解析】考查感叹句 句意：—昨晚我看NBA直播了，你呢？—我也看了，好精彩的一场比赛。根据感叹句句式结构：What+a/an+adj.+名词单数+其它！以及amazing以元音音素开头，故选A。
例2： (2018·江苏宿迁) —__________ fine weather it is! Shall we go hiking in the hills?
—Why not?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
A 考查感叹句。句意：——多好的天气啊！我们去上里徒步旅行怎么样啊？ ——为什么不呢？在感叹句中，what引导名词，而how引导形容词和副词。“weather”是名词，应用what引导，故排除C和D；而“weather”不可数，不能加a。故选A。
2.how引导
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
如：How fine the weather is！天气真好！
How well he plays the violin！他小提琴拉得多好啊！
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！
如：How beautiful a present (it is)!多么漂亮的礼物啊！
How+主语+谓语！
如：How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！
例： (2018?湖北宜昌)—It is reported that a kind of new smart phones can test the air quality (质量) around you.
—________ fast the technology develops!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
C 考查感叹句结构。句意：——据报道一款新的智能手机能检测你周围的空气质量。——科技的发展真快啊！感叹句结构：How +adj./ adv. + 主语+谓语！What + a/an+adj.+n. +主语+谓语！What + adj.+不可数名词/名词复数 +主语+谓语！结合句意可知，“感叹科技发展速度快”，即中心词是副词，故用How引导。
考点六 祈使句
祈使句句式
肯定形式
否定形式
Do型：(please)动词原形+其他
(Please)Sit?down!
Don’t?stand?up!
Be型：be+表语
Be?quiet!
Don’t?be?late?for?class!
Let型：let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let’s?have?another?try.?
Don't?let?the?boy?draw?here.
Let?the?boy?not?draw?here.?
?No型：no+名词/动名词
No?parking!?No?littering!
1.祈使句的回答用一般将来时。
如：—Please remember to bring my notebook to school. 请记得把我的笔记本带到学校来。
—OK, I will. 好的，我会的。
2.“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。
如：Work harder, and you’ll get good grades. 再努力一些，你将会取得好成绩。
例1：(2018·湖南湘潭) to turn off all the lights when you go out.
A. Remember B. To remember C. Remembering
A 考查祈使句。句意：当你出去的时候，记住关上所有的灯。该句为祈使句因此开头用动词原形。
例2：（2018?上海中考) Please______the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A.puts B.put C.putting D. to put
B【解析】考查祈使句的用法。句意：请根据标志把垃圾放入不同的垃圾桶里。分析句子结构可知此处是一个肯定的祈使句，please后面接动词的原型，故选B。
考点七 there be句型
1.there be 句型表示某地有某物，强调存在关系； have/has/had表示某人拥有某物，强调所属关系
如：There is a cinema near my home.
I have three book.
2. there be 句型遵循就近原则
3. there be 句型的时态
一般现在时单数用there is,复数用there are
一般过去时单数用there was,复数用there were
一般将来时用there will be;或者单数用there is going to be,复数用there are going to be
现在完成时单数用there has been,复数用there have been
4. there be sb doing sth表示“某人正在某地作某事”
如：There is a baby sleeping in the next room.
主谓一致及特殊句型专项练习
感叹句
1. (2018上海)________ wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
2. (2018重庆B卷)—Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.
—________ great she is! We Chinese are so proud of her.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
3. (2018阜新)—________ bad the weather is today! What shall we do today?
—How about staying at home and reading some interesting books?
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
4. (2018常德)We have to say goodbye, ________ time flies!
A. what B. how C. what a
5. (2018广东)—It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 110℃ below zero.
—Really？________ nice surprise!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
6. (2018德阳)________ useful dictionary it is! It's very helpful for English study.
A. What a B. What an C. How a D. How
7. (2018滨州)—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.
— ________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
8. (2018宜昌)—The firemen did all their best to put out the fire.
—________ excellent firemen!
A. What B. What an C. How an D. How
There be句型
1. (2018攀枝花)Look！This is our class photo. There ________ 45 students in my class.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
2. (2018齐齐哈尔)There ________ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A. are B. is C. have
3. (2018鄂州)—I remember there ________ a lot of fish in Yanglan Lake. Now it has been polluted.
—What a pity! I think we should play a role in protecting the environment.
A. are used to have B. are used to be
C. used to have D. used to be
4. (2018湘潭)There ________ a sports meeting in our school next month.
A. will be B. will have C. is going to have
5. (2018盐城)Watch out, Peter! ________ is a little boy playing ahead on the road.
A. It B. This C. That D. There
6. (2018武汉)—What's the matter, Jenny?
—________ something wrong with my bike.
A. It is B. There is C. I have D. It has
主谓一致
1. (2018上海)The twins________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
2. (2018孝感)Both Kate and I ________ ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
3. (2018齐齐哈尔)Not only you but also everyone here ________ watching football matches.
A. likes B. like C. is like
4. (2018安顺)—What would you like to have for supper, Jack?
—Either noodles or rice ________ OK. I don't mind.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
5. (2018永州)Neither Li Hua nor I________ good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
6. (2018邵阳)One of my friends________ moved to America, I miss her so much.
A. has B. have C. are
7. (2018南充)Alice prefers stories that ________ short and funny.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
8. (2018自贡)Everybody except Mike and Linda ________ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. was C. were
9. (2018荆门)The number of the volunteers in our city ________ 2，000. And sixty percent of them ________ teachers and students.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
祈使句
1.（2018?贵州黔南)Life is like a journey. ________ ahead , and you will see a lot more beautiful sceneries(风景).
A. Plan B. To plan C. Planning D. Plans
2. (2018?河南中考) _____ everyone with politeness even those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but because you are.
A. Treat B. Treating C. Treated D. To treat
3.（2018. 贵州安顺） — fresh air it is now!
—Yes. go out for a walk.
A. How ; Let B. What a; Let’s C. What ; Let’s D. How; Let us
4. (2018·重庆A) _________ me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise.
A. Give B. Giving C. Gives D. To give
5.（2018 ·四川凉山） --Mom, can I play computer games this evening?
-- your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it
A. Finishing B. Finish C. To finish D. Finished
反意疑问句
1. (2018宿迁)—There is a beautiful park near your school, ________？
—Yes. I often go walking there.
A. is there B. isn't there C. are there D. aren't there
(2018永州)David never fights with his classmates, ________？
A. does he B. doesn't he C. isn't he
3. (2018安顺)He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ________？
A. is he B. isn't he C. can't he D. can he
倒装句
1. (2018攀枝花)—I think you are different now.
—Of course, times have changed and________．
A. so have I B. so I have C. neither have I D. neither I have
答案及解析
感叹句
4.B【解析】考查感叹句。句意：时光飞逝，我们得说再见了！分析句子结构，主语是time，谓语是flies，故此处用how引导感叹句，故选B。
There be句型
1. D【解析】考查there be句型。句意：看！这是我们的班级照片，我们班有45位学生。there be句型中be的形式要与后面的主语一致；students是复数。故选D。
2.B【解析】考查there be 句型。句意：互联网上有一些关于如何减少空气污染的好建议。advice 是不可数名词，there be句型中be动词用is。故选B。
主谓一致
1.D【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这对双胞胎喜欢杂志文章中的新想法。由主语“the twins”可知选D。
7.A【解析】考查主谓一致及时态。句意：艾丽斯更喜欢简短并且有趣的故事。句中的that引导的是一个定语从句，它所指代的先行词是复数名词“stories”，因此，这里从句的谓语动词应该使用复数形式，排除B、C；根据“prefers”可知，本句谈论的是现在的事情，应该使用一般现在时。所以are符合题意。故选A。
8.B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：会议开始的时候，除了迈克和琳达，每个人都在。本句主语是Everybody，表单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词也要用单数。故选B。
9.B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们城市的志愿者人数是2000，其中60%是老师和学生。根据语法知识“the number of ＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示整体中的一部分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故选B。
祈使句
反意疑问句
3.D【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：他几乎不能保持清醒因为他太累了，？反意疑问句应根据主句变，而不是原因状语从句部分，又因主句部分含有“hardly”，表示否定意义，谓语中出现了情态动词can，因此应用“can he”反问。故选D。
倒装句
1.A【解析】考查倒装句。句意“我认为你现在很不同。”“当然，随着时间的改变我也改变了。”根据答语Of course可知这里要用肯定形式的倒装，强调我也在变化，用“so＋助动词＋主语”结构。故选A。
课件56张PPT。中考英语复习
——主谓一致及特殊句型考点一 主谓一致 主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致，即句中谓语的变化形式要根据句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。主谓一致通常遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致
语法一致指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
(1)当and和both...and...连接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。(2)不定代词everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,
anybody,anyone,nobody,no one,everything,something,
anything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Everybody here knows me.
这里的每个人都认识我。
Something is wrong with my computer.
我的计算机有毛病了。(3)名词后接由with,together with,as well as,rather than,
including,besides,like,except,but等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由介词前名词的单复数决定。
如：A woman with three children has come.
一个女人带着三个孩子来了。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们,我也愿意帮助你。(4)“a lot of (lots of)” “plenty of” “most of+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Lots of students have been there.
很多学生去过那儿。(5)由“a pair of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs (kinds)of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：A pair of shoes is under the chair.一双鞋在椅子底下。
(6)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词(如trousers,shorts,
pants,shoes,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。(7)不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To learn English well isn’t very easy.
学好英语不容易。
Mending the car is his job.修车是他的工作。
(8)用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither
等＋of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Every one of the students is studying hard.
每个学生都在用功读书。(9)“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：A number of trees are cut down.
许多树木被砍伐了。
The number of students in our class is 32.
我们班的学生人数是32。
(10)none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
如：—Is there any milk in the cup？杯子里有牛奶吗？
—No, there is none.没有，一点也没有。
None of them has/have arrived.
他们当中还没有人到达。(11)由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of”或“名词＋of this kind”，以及由与kind意义相似的type, sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
如：A kind of birds has been discovered by them.
一种鸟类已被他们发现。
2.意义一致
意义一致指从意义上着眼处理主谓关系。
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The scientist and inventor is his father.
那位科学家兼发明家是他的父亲。(2)表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Do you think three dollars is enough?
你认为三美元够吗?
(3)family,crowd,company,class,group等集体名词作主语时,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The crowd are fighting for their lives.
这些人正在为生存而战斗。(4)cattle,people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The police have caught the murderer.
警方已经抓获了凶手。
(5)学科名词maths,politics,physics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如：Maths is hard for me to learn.对我来说,数学很难学。(6)疑问代词who, which, what和不定代词all, more, most, some, any, none等作主语时，谓语根据情况来决定单、复数形式。
如：Most of the water is polluted.大部分水被污染了。
(7)police等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数，常见的有：people, police, cattle等。
如：The police are running after a thief.
警察正在追赶一个小偷。(8)“the＋形容词”作主语， 表示“一类人”时动词用复数；表示“一类事物”时动词用单数。
如：The poor were not able to buy it.穷人买不起这个。
The beautiful is not the useful.好看的不一定实用。3.就近原则
就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
(1)由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在数上保持一致。
如：Not only his children but also he wants to go to the
Great Wall.不仅他的孩子想去,而且他也想去长城。(2)There be或Here be这两个结构中,be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
如：There is a pen,two pencils and some books on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。
There are two pencils,a pen and some books on the desk.
书桌上有两支铅笔、一支钢笔和一些书。考点二 倒装句1.there be句型的倒装
there be句型是一个表示某时某地“存在”某人或某物的句型,是主语在be动词后的倒装句。
如：There is a small river near the village.
村子附近有一条小河。2.so,neither引导的倒装句
“So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人也是如此”;“Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的否定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人也不”。
如：I like playing the guitar.So does he.
He can’t do it.Neither can I.3.方位副词引起的倒装
以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子,如果主语是名词,而谓语动词是be,come,go,lie,run等,用全部倒装。注意:如果句子的主语是代词时,则用半倒装。
如：Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
Here it is.给你。/在这里。考点三 感叹句(1)What a/an＋adj. ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋adj. ＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
(3)What＋adj. ＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
如：What a clever boy he is！
What cold weather it is！
What beautiful flowers they are！(4)How＋adj. /adv. ＋主语＋谓语！
如：How kind you are！你心肠真好！
How fast they are working！他们干得真快啊！
how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。
如：How well she dances！她跳得多好呀！(how 修饰动词)
考点四 祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，朗读时用降调。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。1.肯定结构
(1)Do型，即：动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分。
如：Please have a seat here.请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。
如：This way, please.＝ Go this way, please.请这边走。
(2)Be型，即：Be ＋ 表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分。
如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子！
(3)Let型，即：Let ＋ 宾语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 其他成分。
如：Let me help you.让我来帮你。
2.否定结构
(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如：Don't forget me! 不要忘记我！
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！
(2)Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't ＋ let ＋ 宾语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 其他成分”和“Let ＋ 宾语 ＋ not ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 其他成分”。
如：Don't let him go./ Let him not go.别让他走。
(3)有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！考点五 there be句型1.There be 句型的结构
There be句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为：There be (is, are, was, were)＋名词＋地点状语。
(1)There is＋第三人称单数可数/不可数主语＋地点状语(介词短语)。
如：There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。(3)There is＋第三人称单数可数＋v.-ing＋地点状语(介词短语)。
如：There is a bird singing in the tree.
树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
(4)There are＋复数主语＋v.-ing＋地点状语(介词短语)。
如：There are some birds singing in the tree.
树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。2.注意事项
There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(1)如果句子的主语是单数可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用is或was。
如：There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。
There is a little milk in the glass.
玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。
(2)如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用are或were。
如：There are many birds in the tree.
树上有许多鸟儿。
There were many people in the street yesterday.
昨天街上有许多人。
(3)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。
如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。考点六 反义疑问句(1)基本结构：前肯后否；前否后肯；前后(人称、时态)一致
(2)常见的特殊形式
①陈述部分含有never, nothing, hardly, seldom, few, little等否定词时,问句部分动词用肯定形式。
如：He has few friends here, does he?
他在这儿没什么朋友，是不是？②陈述部分含有un?, in?, im?, dis?等否定形式的前缀构成的词汇时,陈述部分看作肯定句,反问部分仍然用否定形式。
如：Jack looks unhappy, doesn’t he?
杰克看起来不开心,是不是？③陈述句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I consider等结构时,问句一般与从句保持一致。注意“否定前移”。
如：I think you can do it better next time, can’t you?
我觉得你下次可以做得更好,是不是？
I don’t believe there will be robots at people’s homes,
will there?
我相信人们的家里不会有机器人的,会有吗？④祈使句反问分两种情况:
如：Let’s do sth., shall we?
其他形式:will you？(3)反义疑问句的答语
一般肯定答案用Yes,否定答案用No。注意前否后肯的反义疑问句答语Yes表示“不”,No表示“是”。
如：—Bob can swim, can’t he?鲍勃会游泳,是不是？
—Yes, he can.是的,他会。
—Bob can’t speak Chinese well, can he?
鲍勃说汉语不流利,是不是？
—No, he can’t.是的,他说得不流利。练一练1. (2018 湖南永州)Playing computer games too often _____ bad for us.
A. am B. is C. areB2. (2018 黑龙江齐齐哈尔)Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary _____ to Beijing.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has beenC3. (2018 新疆)Both Mike and I _____ ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is D. areD4.?(2018 贵州铜仁)She?with?her?mother?often _____ hills on Sundays.
A.?climbs B.?climb
C.?climbed D.?to?climbA5. (2018 甘肃天水)—The number of tourists _____ over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists _____ so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is, have come B. is, has come
C. are, has come D. are, have comeA6. （2018 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly (老人) _____ increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they _____ better care of in the future.
A. is; will take B. are; are taken
C. is; will be taken D. are; will takeC7. （2018 吉林）Let’s save pandas! There _____ only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now.
A. am B. is C. areC8. (2018 湖南湘潭) _____ a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are B. There be C. There isC谢谢21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
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