第13讲 定语从句的表达与运用
整体分析解读：
1. 根据主从句关系判断
中考复合句的考查,要根据主从句的意思来判断答案,解答此类试题,要注意分析句子前后的关系。
2.还原先行词判断
中考对定语从句的考查主要是考 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)查关系代词。首先可以把先行词还原到从句中。其次在选择关系词时,看先行词是指人还是指物,然后看关系词在从句中的成分,从而做出正确判断。
一、定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn’t understand the words all that he said.
2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：who is the man that opened up the lab.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.
A. who he B. whose C. / D. who
解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D 。
2.The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that
解析：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选D.
3.This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.
A．has B. have C. is D. are
解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。
4.The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.
A. who B. he C. which D. whose
解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.
5.They thought too much about ______.
A. which I had said B. what I had said
C. that I had said D. I had said
解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应 选B。
二、易混词辨析：
that与 which
A、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,用that,不用which。如
This is the most important task that should be finished soon.
这是必须很快完成的最重要的任务。
B、 当先行词被all,much,somet (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hing,everything,any,few,little,no,some,last,next,the very,the only,the just等修饰时,用that,不用which。如:
1. There's nothing that can be said about it. 关于这件事可能无话可说。
2. There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. He sits the last row that is next to the window. 他坐在靠近窗户的最后一排。
4. The only thing that I need now is money. 我现在唯一需要的是钱。
5. This is the very book that you want to borrow. 这就是你想借的那本书。
C. 主句是以who 、which引导的疑问句时,用that,不用which。
Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁?
以下情况用which,不用that。
A. 引导词后面有介词时。This is the room in which he works. 这是他的工作间。
B. 先行词本身是that时。The watch is that which tells the time. 表是用来报时的。
C. 非限制性定语从句中先行词是物时
He has a comput (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)er, which was bought by his father yesterday. 他有一台电脑,是他的爸爸昨天买的。
Last year my (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)father told me a thing, which I remember clearly today. 去年我爸爸告诉一件事,至今我记忆犹新。
D. 引导词在被动句中用作主语时。
I like the toys which are colored. 我喜欢那些涂上不同颜色的玩具。
【精题巧练】
1.【2018贵州六盘水】We?still?remember?the?lovely?teachers?_____?have?taught?us?for?3?years．?
A.who???????????B.whose? ???????C.whom?????D.which?
2.【2018河南】Anyone?who?is?a?server?or____?has?been?one?knows?that?customers?always?? come?first.? ????????????
A.?whom?????????B.?what???????????C.?who?????????D.?which?
3.【2018黑龙绥化】She?is?a?teacher_________has?much?teaching?experience.?
A.?whose??????????B.?who???????????C.?whom?
4.【2018湖北黄冈】--?Class,?you?should?be?thankful?to?those?people?_______?helped?and?? supported?you.? --?We?will.?Miss?Chen.?
A.?which????????B.?whom?????????C.?who??????????D.?whose?
5.【2018湖南邵阳】The man______?is?talking?to?my?math?teacher?is?my?father.?????????????A.?who?? ???B.?which?????????C.?what?
6.【2018吉林长春】Jack?likes?being?with?the?classmates?________?are?outgoing?and?kind.?? ??????A.?where? ? ??B.?which? ? ??C.?when? ? ? D.?who
7.【2018山东临沂】My?grandparents?like?stories?________?have?happy?endings.?
A.?they?????????B.?who?????????C.?which??????????D.?/?
8.【2018乌鲁木齐】The?teacher____I?like?best?often?encourages?me??my?dream.?
A.?who;?fight?for?B.?that;?to?fight?for?C.?which;?to?fight?for? D.?which;?fight?for?
9.【2018湖南长沙】Kids,?I?hope?you’ll?remember?the?good?old?days?___?we?spent?together?in? junior?high?through?it’s?time?to?say?goodbye.? ???????????????
A.who?????????????B.what??????????????C.which?
10.【2018广西玉林】—Who?got?the?First?ever?Friendship?Medalof?China????????????????????—It’s?Putin????? ?everybody?knows?so?well?in?the?world.?
A.?whom?????????????B.what????????????C.which??????????D.whose
11.【2018甘肃白银】I?really?like?the?family?photo?___?we?took?on?my?grandpa’s?80th ?birthday.?
A.?who????????B.?that?????????????C.?what??????D.?whose?
12.【2018贵州安顺】--Only?You?is?a?TV?program? ? is?popular?with?most?young?people.? --Yes,?it?is?definitely?true.?
A.?that? ??????B.?whose????C.?what??????D.?who
1
第13讲 定语从句的表达与运用
整体分析解读：
1. 根据主从句关系判断
中考复合句的考查,要根据主从句的意思来判断答案,解答此类试题,要注意分析句子前后的关系。
2.还原先行词判断
中考对定语从句的考查主要是考 (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)查关系代词。首先可以把先行词还原到从句中。其次在选择关系词时,看先行词是指人还是指物,然后看关系词在从句中的成分,从而做出正确判断。
一、定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn’t understand the words all that he said.
2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：who is the man that opened up the lab.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.
A. who he B. whose C. / D. who
解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D 。
2.The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that
解析：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选D.
3.This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.
A．has B. have C. is D. are
解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。
4.The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.
A. who B. he C. which D. whose
解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.
5.They thought too much about ______.
A. which I had said B. what I had said
C. that I had said D. I had said
解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应 选B。
二、易混词辨析：
that与 which
A、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,用that,不用which。如
This is the most important task that should be finished soon.
这是必须很快完成的最重要的任务。
B、 当先行词被all,much,somet (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hing,everything,any,few,little,no,some,last,next,the very,the only,the just等修饰时,用that,不用which。如:
1. There's nothing that can be said about it. 关于这件事可能无话可说。
2. There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. He sits the last row that is next to the window. 他坐在靠近窗户的最后一排。
4. The only thing that I need now is money. 我现在唯一需要的是钱。
5. This is the very book that you want to borrow. 这就是你想借的那本书。
C. 主句是以who 、which引导的疑问句时,用that,不用which。
Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁?
以下情况用which,不用that。
A. 引导词后面有介词时。This is the room in which he works. 这是他的工作间。
B. 先行词本身是that时。The watch is that which tells the time. 表是用来报时的。
C. 非限制性定语从句中先行词是物时
He has a comput (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)er, which was bought by his father yesterday. 他有一台电脑,是他的爸爸昨天买的。
Last year my (?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)father told me a thing, which I remember clearly today. 去年我爸爸告诉一件事,至今我记忆犹新。
D. 引导词在被动句中用作主语时。
I like the toys which are colored. 我喜欢那些涂上不同颜色的玩具。
【精题巧练】
1.【2018贵州六盘水】We?still?remember?the?lovely?teachers?_____?have?taught?us?for?3?years．?
A.who???????????B.whose? ???????C.whom?????D.which?
【答案】A
【解析】根据题意"我们仍然记得教了我们3年的那个可爱的老师"，可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是teachers，是名词人，故排除B D；此句中的先行词做主语成分，关系代词用who，所以A选项是正确的。
2.【2018河南】Anyone?who?is?a?server?or____?has?been?one?knows?that?customers?always?? come?first.? ????????????
A.?whom?????????B.?what???????????C.?who?????????D.?which?
【答案】C
【解析】根据题意可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是server，是名词人，此句中的先行词做主语成分，关系代词用who，故选C。
3.【2018黑龙绥化】She?is?a?teacher_________has?much?teaching?experience.?
A.?whose??????????B.?who???????????C.?whom?
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是定语从句的关系代词，先行词是teacher, 是名词人此句中的先行词做主语成分，关系代词用who，故选B
4.【2018湖北黄冈】--?Class,?you?should?be?thankful?to?those?people?_______?helped?and?? supported?you.? --?We?will.?Miss?Chen.?
A.?which????????B.?whom?????????C.?who??????????D.?whose?
【答案】C
【解析】— 同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助和支持你们的人。 — 陈老师，我们会的。本题主要考查定语从句。 A项，which 引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语、宾语或表语。 B项，whom 引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语。 C项，who 引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语。 D项，whose 引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作定语。 结合 people 可知，此处是修饰人，作定语从句的主语，who 符合题意。 故正确答案为C。
5.【2018湖南邵阳】The man______?is?talking?to?my?math?teacher?is?my?father.?????????????A.?who?? ???B.?which?????????C.?what?
【答案】A
【解析】现在正在跟我们数学老师交谈的那个男人是我的父亲。本题主要考查定语从句。 该句?is?talking?to?my?math?teacher 是对先行词?the?man?的限定，在句子中做定语。空格处为定语从句的引导词，指代先行词?the?man。A项?Who?代指人。B项?Which?代指物。C项?What?不能引导定语从句。the?man?是人，因此应该用?Who?引导。 故正确答案为A。
6.【2018吉林长春】Jack?likes?being?with?the?classmates?________?are?outgoing?and?kind.?? ??????A.?where? ? ??B.?which? ? ??C.?when? ? ? D.?who
【答案】D
【解析】Jack 喜欢跟外向善良的同学一起。本题主要考查定语从句。 先行词?classmates 为人，关系代词 who 引导的定语从句修饰?classmates，who 在从句中作主语。 故正确答案为D。
7.【2018山东临沂】My?grandparents?like?stories?________?have?happy?endings.?
A.?they?????????B.?who?????????C.?which??????????D.?/?
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查是定语从句的先行词，“stories”是物用which 引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语、宾语或表语。故选C。
8.【2018乌鲁木齐】The?teacher____I?like?best?often?encourages?me??my?dream.?
A.?who;?fight?for?B.?that;?to?fight?for?C.?which;?to?fight?for? D.?which;?fight?for?
【答案】B
【解析】我最喜欢的老师经常鼓励我为梦想奋斗。本题主要考查定语从句。 在先行词为人的定语从句中，可用关系代词?who?或?that?引导从句。encourage?sb.?to?do?sth.?为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 故正确答案为B。
9.【2018湖南长沙】Kids,?I?hope?you’ll?remember?the?good?old?days?___?we?spent?together?in? junior?high?through?it’s?time?to?say?goodbye.? ???????????????
A.who?????????????B.what??????????????C.which?
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是定语从句的先行词。先行词是“the good old days”美好的旧时光，是事情。用which 引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语。故选C。
10.【2018广西玉林】—Who?got?the?First?ever?Friendship?Medalof?China????????????????????—It’s?Putin????? ?everybody?knows?so?well?in?the?world.?
A.?whom?????????????B.what????????????C.which??????????D.whose
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是定语从句，先行词是人用whom 引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语。故选A。
11.【2018甘肃白银】I?really?like?the?family?photo?___?we?took?on?my?grandpa’s?80th ?birthday.?
A.?who????????B.?that?????????????C.?what??????D.?whose?
【答案】B
【解析】考查的是定语从句，先行词是“photo”是物，在定语从句中做宾语，用“which或that”故选B。
12.【2018贵州安顺】--Only?You?is?a?TV?program? ? is?popular?with?most?young?people.? --Yes,?it?is?definitely?true.?
A.?that? ??????B.?whose????C.?what??????D.?who
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的定语从句，先行词的“program”是物用that.故选A。
1
