高考三轮复习学案 短文改错专项练习

高考三轮复习学案
短文改错专项练习(原卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，短文改错是高考试题项目之一，也是历年高考中试题中的重点和难点。短文改错常常是整个英语试卷中比较容易丢失分的试题之一，对英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。特别是谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点。常出现一些常见的错误除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等错误。因此，教师在辅导学生进行短文改错练习的时候，要提醒学生注意这些问题。并总结出现这些错误的原因、特征，对学生进行相关要点的点拨，指导学生注意在三轮复习的过程中尽可能避免出现这类问题。

短文改错中的常见错误
谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等等错误。
1. 动词形式错用
动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。如：
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. (were?→?are)
2. 非谓语动词应用错误
非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。如：
I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
3. 名词错误
试卷中常会出现名词单、复数形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。如：
TV presents us with many useful informations. (informations?→ information)
4. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句的关系词（who / whom // what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。如：
It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment (his → whose)
5 冠词错误
（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。
（2）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。
（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。如：
As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result → As a result）
6. 形容词和副词错误
系动词后（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；
要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.（wonderfully →wonderful）
7. 介词错误
词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。如：
Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on → with)
8. 代词错误
代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，we / us，they / them）错误；
反身代词（myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;
代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。如：
We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them → it)
9. 习惯用法的搭配错误
习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。如：
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for→ of )
10. 句子成分使用错误
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。如：
They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词are/were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where→ which)
11. 逻辑关系不清晰
常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。还有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his→ their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
【温馨提示】
要做好短文改错，需要牢记以下几点：一要通读全文，掌握大意；二要细读全文，弄清结构；三是字斟句酌，先易后难；四是复读全文，验证答案。而且，平时必须加强对常用短语、习惯用法、句式结构的熟练记忆，对常考语法的各项规则详细了解；建立错题本，对练习中遇到的典型问题作详细记载和解析，反复研究出错的地方，找出错误的根本原因，避免今后再犯相类似的错误。
I.不同词类常见错误
1. 动词形式错用
动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( 时态问题，were?→?are)
我最喜欢的运动是足球。我是我们学校足球队的成员。现在我的照片和奖品挂在图书馆里。
该句子为时态错误，找出此类错误的关键是时刻注意时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
The glasses broken by him.
The glasses was broken by him. (语态问题，broken → was broken)
玻璃杯被他打碎了。
2. 非谓语动词应用错误
非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (应该用动名词作主语Play→ Playing)
踢足球不仅使我们强健体魄，而且培养我们公平竞争意识和团队精神。
I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
我以前在业余时间打篮球，但现在我对足球很感兴趣。
现在分词有主动态的含义，而过去分词有被动态的含义，主语对……感兴趣要用过去分词。
I used to playing football in my spare time, but now I am interested in basketball. ( playing → play)
我以前在业余时间踢足球，但现在我对篮球感兴趣。
used to do... 表示过去做……现在不做，此处与be used to doing混淆了，后者表示有……习惯/习惯做……
3. 名词错误
试卷中常会出现名词单、复数形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。
I’ll do my best to do it so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
(单复数问题，subject?→subjects)
我会尽我最大的努力做到这一点，这样我的所有科目都会取得好成绩。
TV presents us with many useful informations.
(可数、不可数名词问题，informations?→ information)
电视为我们提供了许多有用的信息。
4. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句的关系词（who / whom // what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。
I also had friends they gave me a great deal of encouragement
(定语从句用关系词引导，they → who)
我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。
It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment
(定语从句用关系词引导，his → whose)
那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来了。
5 冠词错误
（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。
（2）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。
（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。
In a fact, he even scared my classmates away. （In a fact → In fact）
事实上，他甚至把我的同学吓跑了。
固定搭配句中In fact多用定冠词a。
As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result → As a result）
结果，这些植物就到处生长。
作为固定搭配，句中As result少用定冠词a。
6. 形容词和副词错误
系动词后（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；
要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （wonderfully →wonderful）
我相信我们在一起会过得很愉快。
wonderful作定语修饰time，此处副词误用。
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate → Unfortunately)
不幸的是，我家里人太多了。
Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子，此处是形容词误用。
【温馨提示】 形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
7. 介词错误
词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on → with)
不幸的是，随着工业化的发展过程中，环境受到了污染。
固定搭配是：with the development of sth.。
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. (before → ago；by → of)
五年前，在父亲的帮助下，我和姐姐在我家后花园里种了一些圣女果。
从现在起的若干时间以前，时间段+ ago。因此before改为ago；在……的帮助下用固定搭配with the help of；所以把by改成of。
8. 代词错误
代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，we / us，they / them）错误；
反身代词（myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;
代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。
We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them → it)
今天我们有很多家庭作业要做，所以我们需要两三个小时才能完成。
要注意人称、格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，因此不用them.
II.其它常见错误
1. 习惯用法的搭配错误
习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. ( for→ of )
他们真是太好了，在火车站接我，还开车送我回家。
习惯用法搭配是It was very kind of sb. 因此for 改为 of。
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for→ of )
我们必须记住，我们是为球队效力，而不是为了自己。
习惯用法搭配是instead of sb. 因此for 改为 of。
The trees in the farm were really full with oranges. ( in→ on ； with→ of )
农场里的树都挂上了满满的桔子。
“在农场里”介词用on，所以应该是on the farm。
“……充(结)满……”有两种表示方法，be full of … 或be filled with...。
2. 句子成分使用错误
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
They ∧ eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词，应该加are/were)
他们渴望了解中国的一切，问了我很多问题。
由于受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误，漏掉了谓语动词are/were。
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where→ which)
我住在北京，这是中国的首都。
where是副词，不能作主语，关系词在从句中做主语要用关系代词。此处犯了词类与它在句子中的成分不相符的错误。
3. 逻辑关系不清晰
常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his→ their)
史密斯夫妇尽了全力让我体验到宾至如归的感觉。
主语是Smiths (史密斯夫妇俩)，后面的his不合逻辑，所以改为their。
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
more在此处表示“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，不能说“再告诉你一些事”，所以去掉more。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。
She was smiling but nodding at me.(but→ and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and→ or )
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a→ the)
。
I. 单句改错
1. Through our research, we come to know that everybody must pay attention to our environment and some measures should be taken to protect.
2. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
3. I hope I will admitted into a top university and become a good doctor after I graduate from university.
4. Soon they came up with a good idea, and then we decided to go cycling in the countryside.
5. To see a horse eat fish, all of them ran out. Having the whole room to himself, my uncle sat down besides the fire and began warm himself.
6. As students, we have classes from early morning till late afternoon, so taking a ten-minute break between class is definitely important, even necessary.
7. I know you are particular interested in human rights.
8. When it comes to relaxation, I’d like to go skating, climb mountains and see several movie.
9. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.
10. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to go on feet.
11. There is a teacher whom I can never forget in my life. She was very strict to us.
12. As I was waiting for my order to come, I noticed the old man in a wheel chair rolling himself over to a table.
13. Some of us think it is good to own a car, for it’s convenient, fast and comfortable means of transportation.
14. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones are increasing steadily.
15. It can be seen, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
16. They are afraid I’ll be knocked down by a truck, fallen off a tree, or fight with others.
17. One Sunday, I was reading my book while it suddenly occurred to me that it was my mother’s birthday the next day.
18. “Sorry, sir. But a horse didn’t eat fish! ”the waiter answered.
19. I don’t know exactly what my mother will cook for us tonight, and there will probably be fish and vegetables.
20. “Taking some fish to my horse! ”he called out to the waiter.
21. It felt very strange to travel without any luagages.
22. People have found mobile phones convenience.
23. I was happy when the toys worked， but when things did wrong， I got angry and broke it.
24. He turned around and found where his parents were missing.
25. We must found ways to protect your environment.
II. 短文改错
短文改错练习一
Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student, last week, he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease ”. Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone. He didn't stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling ,which is an expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less ,especial at school.
短文改错练习二
One Sunday morning, my grandmother and I went to the West Lake together happy, where we found a girl cry by a roadside. We went up to her, asking what her name was but where she lived. But she knew something about it. So we had no choice but send her to the police station of the park. There he was taken good care of. Soon the news of the lost girl was being broadcast. After some time in came the parents of the girl. They were too excited to see their daughter that they expressed their thank to us. In the end we say goodbye to each other.
短文改错练习三
I still remember a winter dawn, when I was awakened by the noisy outside. It had been snowing heavily the whole night, so the campus was quiet and full of snow. Especially annoying by the unpleasant noise, I pulled the curtain aside, only to find that a group of cleaner were working very hardly to sweep the snow off the road. The rest of the world are sound asleep, but these workers were fighting bravely against the coldness for the safety and convenience of those are totally unknown to them. On life, we are now and then supported by the people around us, of that we are sometimes unaware. It is their efforts and contribution make our life better. Never should we forget to be grateful for the lovely strangers around us.
短文改错练习四
October 1, 2005, Saturday
Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some helps. He asked me to go there with my friends.
Today morning we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus. The trees in the farm were really full with oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in some box. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had the lunch at my uncle’s house. We had many orange, too. In the afternoon, we come back home by truck.
We were busy today, but we were happy.
短文改错练习五
Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly definition of it, and I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it.
I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives a small house alone. It’s said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped others with a smile. Wherever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those. I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life full of laughter and love.
高考三轮复习学案
短文改错专项练习(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，短文改错是高考试题项目之一，也是历年高考中试题中的重点和难点。短文改错常常是整个英语试卷中比较容易丢失分的试题之一，对英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。特别是谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点。常出现一些常见的错误除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等错误。因此，教师在辅导学生进行短文改错练习的时候，要提醒学生注意这些问题。并总结出现这些错误的原因、特征，对学生进行相关要点的点拨，指导学生注意在三轮复习的过程中尽可能避免出现这类问题。

短文改错中的常见错误
谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等等错误。
1. 动词形式错用
动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。如：
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. (were?→?are)
2. 非谓语动词应用错误
非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。如：
I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
3. 名词错误
试卷中常会出现名词单、复数形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。如：
TV presents us with many useful informations. (informations?→ information)
4. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句的关系词（who / whom // what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。如：
It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment (his → whose)
5 冠词错误
（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。
（2）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。
（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。如：
As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result → As a result）
6. 形容词和副词错误
系动词后（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；
要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.（wonderfully →wonderful）
7. 介词错误
词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。如：
Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on → with)
8. 代词错误
代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，we / us，they / them）错误；
反身代词（myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;
代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。如：
We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them → it)
9. 习惯用法的搭配错误
习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。如：
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for→ of )
10. 句子成分使用错误
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。如：
They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词are/were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where→ which)
11. 逻辑关系不清晰
常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。还有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his→ their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
【温馨提示】
要做好短文改错，需要牢记以下几点：一要通读全文，掌握大意；二要细读全文，弄清结构；三是字斟句酌，先易后难；四是复读全文，验证答案。而且，平时必须加强对常用短语、习惯用法、句式结构的熟练记忆，对常考语法的各项规则详细了解；建立错题本，对练习中遇到的典型问题作详细记载和解析，反复研究出错的地方，找出错误的根本原因，避免今后再犯相类似的错误。
I.不同词类常见错误
1. 动词形式错用
动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( 时态问题，were?→?are)
我最喜欢的运动是足球。我是我们学校足球队的成员。现在我的照片和奖品挂在图书馆里。
该句子为时态错误，找出此类错误的关键是时刻注意时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
The glasses broken by him.
The glasses was broken by him. (语态问题，broken → was broken)
玻璃杯被他打碎了。
2. 非谓语动词应用错误
非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (应该用动名词作主语Play→ Playing)
踢足球不仅使我们强健体魄，而且培养我们公平竞争意识和团队精神。
I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
我以前在业余时间打篮球，但现在我对足球很感兴趣。
现在分词有主动态的含义，而过去分词有被动态的含义，主语对……感兴趣要用过去分词。
I used to playing football in my spare time, but now I am interested in basketball. ( playing → play)
我以前在业余时间踢足球，但现在我对篮球感兴趣。
used to do... 表示过去做……现在不做，此处与be used to doing混淆了，后者表示有……习惯/习惯做……
3. 名词错误
试卷中常会出现名词单、复数形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。
I’ll do my best to do it so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
(单复数问题，subject?→subjects)
我会尽我最大的努力做到这一点，这样我的所有科目都会取得好成绩。
TV presents us with many useful informations.
(可数、不可数名词问题，informations?→ information)
电视为我们提供了许多有用的信息。
4. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句的关系词（who / whom // what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。
I also had friends they gave me a great deal of encouragement
(定语从句用关系词引导，they → who)
我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。
It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment
(定语从句用关系词引导，his → whose)
那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来了。
5 冠词错误
（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。
（2）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。
（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。
In a fact, he even scared my classmates away. （In a fact → In fact）
事实上，他甚至把我的同学吓跑了。
固定搭配句中In fact多用定冠词a。
As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result → As a result）
结果，这些植物就到处生长。
作为固定搭配，句中As result少用定冠词a。
6. 形容词和副词错误
系动词后（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；
要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （wonderfully →wonderful）
我相信我们在一起会过得很愉快。
wonderful作定语修饰time，此处副词误用。
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate → Unfortunately)
不幸的是，我家里人太多了。
Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子，此处是形容词误用。
【温馨提示】 形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
7. 介词错误
词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on → with)
不幸的是，随着工业化的发展过程中，环境受到了污染。
固定搭配是：with the development of sth.。
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. (before → ago；by → of)
五年前，在父亲的帮助下，我和姐姐在我家后花园里种了一些圣女果。
从现在起的若干时间以前，时间段+ ago。因此before改为ago；在……的帮助下用固定搭配with the help of；所以把by改成of。
8. 代词错误
代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，we / us，they / them）错误；
反身代词（myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;
代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。
We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them → it)
今天我们有很多家庭作业要做，所以我们需要两三个小时才能完成。
要注意人称、格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，因此不用them.
II.其它常见错误
1. 习惯用法的搭配错误
习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. ( for→ of )
他们真是太好了，在火车站接我，还开车送我回家。
习惯用法搭配是It was very kind of sb. 因此for 改为 of。
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for→ of )
我们必须记住，我们是为球队效力，而不是为了自己。
习惯用法搭配是instead of sb. 因此for 改为 of。
The trees in the farm were really full with oranges. ( in→ on ； with→ of )
农场里的树都挂上了满满的桔子。
“在农场里”介词用on，所以应该是on the farm。
“……充(结)满……”有两种表示方法，be full of … 或be filled with...。
2. 句子成分使用错误
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
They ∧ eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词，应该加are/were)
他们渴望了解中国的一切，问了我很多问题。
由于受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误，漏掉了谓语动词are/were。
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where→ which)
我住在北京，这是中国的首都。
where是副词，不能作主语，关系词在从句中做主语要用关系代词。此处犯了词类与它在句子中的成分不相符的错误。
3. 逻辑关系不清晰
常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his→ their)
史密斯夫妇尽了全力让我体验到宾至如归的感觉。
主语是Smiths (史密斯夫妇俩)，后面的his不合逻辑，所以改为their。
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
more在此处表示“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，不能说“再告诉你一些事”，所以去掉more。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。
She was smiling but nodding at me.(but→ and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and→ or )
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a→ the)
。
I. 单句改错
1. Through our research, we come to know that everybody must pay attention to our environment and some measures should be taken to protect.
【解析】在protect后面加it。protect是及物动词，后面需接宾语，此处用it代替前文提到的environment。
2. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
【解析】 a → the。在上文中，shop一词曾出现过，在此特指前文中出现的内容，故不应再使用泛指的a shop，而应使用特指的the shop。
3. I hope I will admitted into a top university and become a good doctor after I graduate from university.
【解析】在will后加be。be admitted into被录取，是固定短语。
4. Soon they came up with a good idea, and then we decided to go cycling in the countryside.
【解析】we → they。上文提到他们想到了一个好主意，所以下句应该是他们决定去农村骑行。
5. To see a horse eat fish, all of them ran out. Having the whole room to himself, my uncle sat down besides the fire and began warm himself.
【解析】 ① besides → beside。句意是说屋子里只剩下我叔叔自己，他坐在火堆旁边开始取暖。beside在……旁边，besides除……之外还有。
②warm前加to。begin to do sth. 开始做某事。
6. As students, we have classes from early morning till late afternoon, so taking a ten-minute break between class is definitely important, even necessary.
【解析】 class → classes。由between可知，是在两节课之间，故用复数。
7. I know you are particular interested in human rights.
【解析】particular → particularly。此处修饰动词，用副词。
8. When it comes to relaxation, I’d like to go skating, climb mountains and see several movie.
【解析】 movie → movies。由前面several可知，此处用复数。
9. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.
【解析】 bad → worse。to make matters worse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”，常用作插入语。
10. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to go on feet.
【解析】feet → foot。on foot意为“步行”，是固定短语，不用复数。
11. There is a teacher whom I can never forget in my life. She was very strict to us.
【解析】to → with。be strict with严格要求。
12. As I was waiting for my order to come, I noticed the old man in a wheel chair rolling himself over to a table.
【解析】the → an。old man第一次出现, 无需特指, 故用不定冠词。
13. Some of us think it is good to own a car, for it’s convenient, fast and comfortable means of transportation.
【解析】it’s后面加a。means意为“方式，方法”，是可数名词，单复数同形。此处表达它是一种方便快捷舒适的交通方式，故用不定冠词。
14. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones are increasing steadily.
【解析】are → is。主语是the number of people，故谓语是单数。
15. It can be seen, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
【解析】 It → As。正如我们看见的，现在中国越来越多的人拥有手机。这里是非限制性定语从句，用as引导。
16. They are afraid I’ll be knocked down by a truck, fallen off a tree, or fight with others.
【解析】 fallen → fall。be，all，fight是由并列连词or连接的并列谓语，时态应该一致。
17. One Sunday, I was reading my book while it suddenly occurred to me that it was my mother’s birthday the next day.
【解析】 while → when。be doing... when是英语中常考的一个固定句式，when是并列连词，意为“在这时”。
18. “Sorry, sir. But a horse didn’t eat fish! ”the waiter answered.
【解析】didn’t → doesn’t。马不吃鱼，表示客观事实，用一般现在时。
19. I don’t know exactly what my mother will cook for us tonight, and there will probably be fish and vegetables.
【解析】and → but。根据句意，我不知道母亲晚上要做什么饭，但是可能会有鱼和蔬菜。前句说不知道，后句又说鱼和蔬菜，所以是转折关系。
20. “Taking some fish to my horse! ”he called out to the waiter.
【解析】Taking →Take。祈使句句首的动词用原形。
21. It felt very strange to travel without any luagages.
【解析】 luggages →luggage luggage是集合名词，用单数形式，不用复数形式。
22. People have found mobile phones convenience.
【解析】 convenience → convenient。此处是“find +宾语+形容词作宾语补足语”。
23. I was happy when the toys worked， but when things did wrong， I got angry and broke it.
【解析】 it → them。此句中，it所指内容应为前文中的toys，所指代为复数，所以使用them。
24. He turned around and found where his parents were missing.
【解析】 where → that。该句中，where 引导的宾语从句本身含义完整，并不需要地点状语，故应换成本身无含义仅起引导作用的关系词that。
25. We must found ways to protect your environment.
【解析】 found → find。该句中，置于情态动词后的动词应使用动词原型，而found做动词原型表示“奠基”的意思，与文章含义不符。
II. 短文改错
短文改错练习一
Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student, last week, he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease ”. Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone. He didn't stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling ,which is an expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less ,especial at school.
【参考答案】
Zhou Yan is the a Senior Three student, last week, he goes went to see a doctor because of ﹨ his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the fact that ∧he had a “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages for to his friends with his mobile phone all the time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam exams because he spent so many much time on his mobile phone. He didn't stop use using the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling, which who is an expert from a health center, said students should try arms hurt. Yang Ling, which who is an expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less, especial especially at school.
【解析】
1. the →a 考查冠词，student 是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰。
2. goes →went 考查动词时态，与语境Last week 呼应,事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
3. 删除of his arms and fingers hurt 是句子，不是短语， of 多余。
4. had 前加he 考查代词。that 引导一个同位语从句,而非定语从句,在从句中不作句子成分,对fact 的内容进行补充说明,由此可知,从句中缺少了主语,且由上文的him可知,应用人称代词的主格形式he。
5. or→to 考查介词，固定搭配send sth.to sb. 意为“给某人送某物”,符合语境，故用介词to。
6. exam→exams 考查名词复数，exam是可数名词,且被all修饰,故用复数形式。
7. many→much time在此处用作不可数名词，故用much修饰。
8. use→using 考查动名词，固定搭配stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”,符合语境，故用动名词作宾语。
9. which→who 考查定语从句，先行词Yang Ling，指人，故用who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
10. especial→especially 考查副词，应用副词especially修饰介词短语at school。
短文改错练习二
One Sunday morning, my grandmother and I went to the West Lake together happy, where we found a girl cry by a roadside. We went up to her, asking what her name was but where she lived. But she knew something about it. So we had no choice but send her to the police station of the park. There he was taken good care of. Soon the news of the lost girl was being broadcast. After some time in came the parents of the girl. They were too excited to see their daughter that they expressed their thank to us. In the end we say goodbye to each other.
【参考答案】
One Sunday morning, my grandmother and I went to the West Lake together happy happily, where we found a girl cry crying by a roadside. We went up to her, asking what her name was but and where she lived. But she knew something nothing about it. So we had no choice but ∧ to send her to the police station of the park. There he she was taken good care of. Soon the news of the lost girl was being ∧ broadcast. After some time in came the parents of the girl. They were too so excited to see their daughter that they expressed their thank thanks to us. In the end we say said goodbye to each other.
【解析】
1. happy→happily 考查副词，修饰动词went用副词。
2. cry → crying 考查非谓语动词，a girl和cry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语，此处表示发现一个女孩正在路边哭。
3. but → and 考查并列连词，此处表示顺承关系。
4. something → nothing 考查代词，句意，但她什么也不知道。
5. but后加to 考查句式，have no choice but to do别无选择只能做……。
6. he → she 考查代词，前后人称应该一致，全文都是在说女孩，故用she。
7.去掉being 考查时态，句子没有表示正在被播报，故去掉being。
8. too → so 考查状语从句的连接词，so... that … 如此……以至于……。
9. thank → thanks 考查名词，动词express后用名词，thank用复数形式。
10. say → said 考查时态，整篇文章的时态是过去时，故用said。
短文改错练习三
I still remember a winter dawn, when I was awakened by the noisy outside. It had been snowing heavily the whole night, so the campus was quiet and full of snow. Especially annoying by the unpleasant noise, I pulled the curtain aside, only to find that a group of cleaner were working very hardly to sweep the snow off the road. The rest of the world are sound asleep, but these workers were fighting bravely against the coldness for the safety and convenience of those are totally unknown to them. On life, we are now and then supported by the people around us, of that we are sometimes unaware. It is their efforts and contribution make our life better. Never should we forget to be grateful for the lovely strangers around us.
【参考答案】
I still remember a winter dawn, when I was awakened by the noisy noise outside. It
had been snowing heavily the whole night, so the campus was quiet and full of snow. Especially annoying annoyed by the unpleasant noise, I pulled the curtain aside, only to find that a group of cleaner cleaners were working very hardly hard to sweep the snow off the road. The rest of the world are were sound asleep, but these workers were fighting bravely against the coldness for the safety and convenience of those ∧ who are totally unknown to them. On In life, we are now and then supported by the people around us, of that which we are sometimes unaware. It is their efforts and contribution ∧ that make our life better. Never should we forget to be grateful for to the lovely strangers around us.
【解析】
1. noisy → noise 考查名词，介词by接名词。
2. annoying → annoyed 考查非谓语动词，主句的主语I和annoy之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作状语。
3. cleaner → cleaners 考查名词，从a group of可知用名词复数。
4. hardly → hard 考查副词，word hard努力工作。
5. are → were 考查时态，整篇文章是过去时态, 故用一般过去时。
6.去掉those后的are或在those后加who 考查句式，those后的定语从句中缺少主语, 故those后加who。或去掉are, 后面的unknown. . . 作后置定语。
7. On → In 考查介词，in life在生活中。
8. that → which 考查定语从句的连接词，介词of后用which引导定语从句。
9. contribution后加that 考查强调句式，It is+被强调部分+that. . . 。
10. for → to 考查介词，be grateful to sb. 感激某人。
短文改错练习四
October 1, 2005, Saturday
Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some helps. He asked me to go there with my friends.
Today morning we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus. The trees in the farm were really full with oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in some box. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had the lunch at my uncle’s house. We had many orange, too. In the afternoon, we come back home by truck.
We were busy today, but we were happy.
【参考答案】
October 1, 2005, Saturday
Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said in on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some helps help. He asked me to go there with my friends.
Today This morning we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus by bus. The trees in on the farm were really full with of oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in some box boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had the lunch had lunch at my uncle’s house. We had many orange oranges, too. In the afternoon, we come came back home by truck.
【解析】
1. in → on 考查介词，“在电话里说……”要用介词on。
2. helps → help 考查名词单复数用法，help作名词泛指一般意义的“帮助”,是不可数名词；但表示帮手、有帮助之事物、帮忙的人、方法等意思是可数名词；此处是帮助，为不可数名词。
3. Today → This 考查代词与表示时间的用法，“今天上午”的英语表达法是this morning。
4. by a bus → by bus 考查介词和交通工具的用法，by+交通工具名词时，其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。
5. in → on 考查介词，“在农场里”介词用on，应该是on the farm。
6. with → of 考查介词和固定搭配，“……充(结)满……”有两种表示方法，be full of .. 或be filled with...。
7. box → boxes 考查名词单复数用法，一些盒子/箱子用some boxes。
8. had the lunch → had lunch 考查冠词的用法，英语中在表示吃一日三餐时，三餐前不加冠词。
9. orange → oranges 考查名词，orange 是可数名词，此处用复数形式，many oranges,
10. come → came 考查动词时态，对过去时间的叙述用过去时态came。
短文改错练习五
Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly definition of it, and I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it.
I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives a small house alone. It’s said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped others with a smile. Wherever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those. I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life full of laughter and love.
【参考答案】
Someone asks me what on the ∧ earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly exact definition of it, and but I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it. I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives ∧ in a small house alone. It’s said that her
husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped helps others with a smile. Wherever Whenever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those them. I often remember the stories she told about ∧ us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life ∧ is full of laughter and love.
【解析】
1.去掉the 考查固定搭配，on earth表示究竟，中间没有定冠词。
2. exactly → exact 考查形容词用法，形容词修饰名词。
3. and → but 考查逻辑关系，此处表示转折，用but。
4. lives后面加in 考查不及物动词用法，live是不及物动词，后面接宾语时要加介词in。
5. helped → helps 考查时态，本文主要用现在时态，并且often也提示了是经常发生的动作，所以用一般现在时。
6. Wherever → Whenever 考查状语从句的用法，根据句意，无论何时下雪，她都是第一个清扫道路的人。
7. those → them 考查代词的用法，此处指代上文出现过的children，故用them。
8.去掉about 考查介词的用法，tell是及物动词，后面可以直接接宾语, 此处不需要介词。
9. lucky → unlucky 考查上下文逻辑关系，根据句意，也许她是不幸的，但是我认为她是个幸福的人。
10. life后面加is 本句缺谓语，full是形容词, 不能作谓语, 所以添加系动词。