高中英语 it的用法课件（52张）

It is no use crying over spilt milk.
it 的用法
一、代词 it
1．用作人称代词，指代前文提到的事物、动物、婴儿或性别不明的人等。如：

我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
I dropped my watch onto the floor and it broke.

—Where is the dog? 狗在哪？
—It is in the bedroom. 在卧室里。

There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.
有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。

2 ． 用 作 代 替 指 示 代 词 this, that 以 及 复 合 不 定 代 词something, anything, nothing 等。如：

—Whose dictionary is that？那是谁的字典？
—It ’s John’s.是约翰的。

Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗？
3．用作非人称代词 作主语时，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、季节、气候及温度等自然现象。如：

It is a beautiful day.
2. It never rains but it pours.
3. It was time to quite smoking.
4. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.
5. It takes all sorts.
世上的人形形色
色，无奇不有。
二、引导词 it
1．it 作形式主语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句 等作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
it作形式主语的几种常见句型：

(1)．代替动词不定式作句子的形式主语。
① It is＋adj. (good/kind/clever/stupid/easy/ hard/difficult/important，etc.) (＋of/ for sb.)＋to do sth.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
It’s important for us to learn English well.

②句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 意为 “ 做某事要花费某人……”

做饭花了我三个小时。
It takes me 3 hours to prepare the dinner.

(2)．代替动名词 作形式主语。
It is no use/ no good /useless/senseless/ dangerous/enjoyable/worthwhile/a waste/ fun, etc. ＋doing sth.

It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
覆水难收。

依我看来，再尝试也没有用。
In my opinion，it’s no use trying again.

(3)．代替从句作形式主语。
①It is＋adj. (important/necessary/ natural/strange, etc.)＋that＋sb.＋(should) do sth. (虚拟语气)

It is important that we should pay close attention to the situation.
我们密切关注形势的发展是很重要的。
② “It is＋clear/ obvious/ true/ possible/ certain＋that 从句” 意为“……是清楚的/ 明显的/ 真的/ 可能的/ 肯定的…… ”

很明显你在犯错误。
_________________ you are making mistakes.

It is clear that
③ It is said /reported/announced /(well?) known/ believed/ hoped/expected, etc. that ...

据报道在四川省火灾中有22人丧生。
_________________ 22 people were killed in the grassland fire in Sichuan Province.

据说他明天去北京。
It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. (真实主语是主语从句)
It is reported that
④ 在It is demanded/ suggested/ ordered/ required/ requested that --- 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形
It’s suggested that the plan _____________out. (carry)

学生们被要求必须学一门外语。
______________ that the students (should) learn
a foreign language.
be carried
It is required
⑤在 It is a pity/a shame/a rule/ no wonder that… 句型中从句也常用(should )+do

It’s a pity that you ______________ (miss) a good chance.

条例规定每个人都应该遵守法律。
_______________everyone (should) obey
the laws.

(should) miss
It is a rule that
⑥ It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了。
我们该睡 觉了。
_________________ we went to bed.
It’s time that
⑦ It is the first (second...) time that sb. has /have done sth. ;
It was the first (second...) time that sb. had done sth.
这是某人第一次(第二次……)做某事

这是我第一次来这里。
It’s the first time that I have been here.
⑧ “It is/ has been + 时间段+ since 从句” 意为“自从……以来已经多久了”

他的父亲去世已经三年了。
It is three years since his father passed away.
⑨ “It be +时间段+ before 从句” 这个句型中的时间是一段时间（long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes 等）,
主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意思为“过多长时间才……”；主句中的谓语动词用否定式，意思为“没过多长时间就……”。
三个小时后他才做出决定。
It will be three hours before he makes a decision.
他没过多久就会背那些诗了。
_____________________ he learned those
poems by heart.
It was not long before
⑩ “It happens/ seems/ looks/ appears … that 从句” 常译为“ 碰巧……；似乎是……； 看起来……”

他碰巧在街上遇见了他的老师。
_____________________ he met his teacher in the street.

[点津]　it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。
It happened that
2．it 作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词或从句等复杂成分作宾语时，通常会用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
(1) 不定式、动名词或从句作某些动词 (如 make, think, find, consider, feel, suppose 等)的宾语且后跟宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语。

其结构为“ 动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do /doing /that 从句”。如：

我发现跟她相处很容易。
I find it easy to get on with her.

I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.
我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。

I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
我认为你参加这次会议很重要。

－No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A．him B．this
C．that D．it
考查代词的用法。句意：不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make it a rule“惯于；作为常例；定为常规”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to go for a walk。
D
New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A．that B．this
C．one D．it
考查代词。题干为固定句型：make ＋ it ＋
adj. ＋ to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。
句意：新兴科技已经使更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
D
(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词 (如 like, enjoy, love, prefer, hate, appreciate 等) 往往用 it 作形式宾语，后接 if/when 等引导的从句。

如：
我不爱听你吹口哨。
I dislike it when you whistle.

如果你能给我帮忙，我将不胜感激。
I __________________ if you could give me a hand.

appreciate it
(3) that 引导的宾语从句在某些短语( 如 ask for, depend on, answer for (对……负责), insist on,
see to ( 注意 ) 等) 后作宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语。
如：
注意千万不要再迟到。
See to it that you're not late again.


我不能保证他会来。
I can't answer for it that he will come.

(4) 动词＋it＋to sb.＋that...，常用句型有：

owe it to sb. that... 把……归功于……
leave it to sb. that... 把……留给某人去做
take it for granted that 把……想当然, 认为…理所当然
keep it in mind that... 把……记在心里

如： 多亏有你我才活着。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.


我认为他会帮助我们的。
I _____________________ he would help us.
took it for granted that
完成句子
1．________ ________ ________(我感激不尽) if you would help me get a ticket in the Peak Transport in the Spring Festival Season.
答案：　I’d appreciate it
2．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but________ ________ ________(不起作用)．
答案：　it didn’t help
3．We think ________________ (是我们的义务) to clean our classroom every day.
答案：　it our duty
4．________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我认为……没有用处) arguing with him.
答案：　I think it’s no use
5．________ ________ ________(好像) everyone has known the news.
答案：　It seems that
6．We found________ ________(是不可能的) to get there before July.
答案：　it impossible
8．________ ________ ________ ________(已经三年了) since she went abroad.
答案：　It is three years
2. Some young people think they look
attractive when they smoke.
It seems _________________________
_________________________________
Giving up smoking is difficult to do.
It is __________________________
that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
difficult to give up smoking.
3. Most people believe smoking causes cancer.
It is believed _________________________
4. Don’t try to quit on a stressful day.
It is no use ___________________________
trying to quit on a stressful day.
that smoking causes cancer.
5. China produces one third of the world’s
cigarettes.
It is astonishing _____________________
_______________________________
6. You are not allowed to advertise
cigarettes in this country.
It is illegal __________________________
________
that China produces one-third of the world’s cigarettes.
to advertise cigarettes in this country.
7. My father has quit smoking at last.
It is wonderful _____________________
____________________
8. The night was dark and stormy when
the old man started his journey.
It was a __________________________
_____________________________
dark and stormy night when
the old man started his journey.
that my father has quit smoking at last.
9. You could suffer from bad health if you
keep smoking.
It is likely __________________________
________________________
10. You have to take pills to control your
blood pressure.
It is necessary _____________________
_________________________
for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.
that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
三、it可用于强调结构 中。
强调句结构为：It is (was)＋被强调部分＋that (who)＋其他成分。
此结构强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语等，不能是定语或谓语，强调人时可用who或that作连词，强调其他成分一律用that。使用强调句型时，应注意以下几点：
一、强调的成分
1．强调主语 时，句子的谓语动词应与被强调的主语的人称和数保持一致。
①受责备的应该是我。
It is _______________ to blame.
②每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。
_______________________ reminds me to get up
on time every day.
I who/that am
It is my mother who/that
2．强调 宾语。被强调的宾语如果指人，可用whom代替that。
①昨天他在公园里遇到的是一位老朋友。
____________________________ he met in the park yesterday.
②昨天他在图书馆里读了三本书。
It was three books that he read in the library
yesterday.
It was an old friend that/whom
3．强调 状语。状语既可以是一个词、短语，也可以是状语从句。
①是在2008年北京奥运会上陈燮霞获得了一枚金牌。
______________________________________ that Chen Xiexia won a gold medal.
② 我是三年前参军的。
It was three years ago that I joined the army.
It was in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games
提醒：　(1)强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when，where，why或how等。
(2)强调的如果是原因状语从句，从句只能由because引导，不能由since，as或why引导。
(3)对not...until...结构强调，要用It is/was not until...that...这一固定句型。由于not已经前移，that后应用肯定形式。
二、强调句的疑问句式
1．一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it...that...?
他是十年前去北京的吗？
_________________________ he went to Beijing?
第二十九届奥运会是8月8号开幕的吗？
Was it on August 8th that the 29th Olympics took place?
Was it ten years ago that
2．强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who/whom...?
你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？
____________________ you called me yesterday?
你究竟为什么拒绝他的帮助？
Why was it that you refused his offer of help?
他们究竟是如何在这么短的时间内完成工作的？
____________________ they managed to finish
the work in such a short time？
When was it that
How was it that
三、强调句的其他用法
1．如果对含有“not...until...” 句子中的until引导的时间状语进行强调时，需将主句中的否定副词not 连同 until时间状语 一起提前并被强调。
即：It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他成分。
直到他妈妈回来他才去睡觉。
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.→
It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
2．强调句型用于名词性从句中及与定语从句相结合。
问题是我们到底可以向谁求助。 (名词性从句)
The question is whom it is that we can turn to for help.
就是在昨天晚上他待的旅馆里，他丢了手机。(定语从句)
It is in the hotel _________ he stayed last night _________ he lost his mobile phone. (that ; where)

where
that
3．强调句型用来强调句子中除谓语之外的其他成分，而谓语的强调则用do或did完成。

昨天他确实来了。
He _________________ yesterday.
did come here
1. Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course，I have. It was in our village________ it was made.
A．that　　　　　　 B．where
C．when D．which
A
解析：　句意为：——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？——我当然看过。那部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。
本题考查强调句型用法。被强调部分为in our village，如改为普通句型为：It was made in our village. 如选B项，为where引导的定语从句，但与上句在逻辑上不符。
答案：　A
2. Was it on a lonely island ________he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where B．that
C．which D．what
答案：　B
解析：　句意为：他是不是在船沉了一个月之后在一个孤岛上被人救出来的？考查强调句。结合题干和选项看，这里用it was...that强调句结构，被强调的是地点状语on a lonely island。
翻译句子(用强调句型翻译下列句子)
1．直到午夜他才做完实验回家。(not...until...；强调until引导的时间状语)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：　It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.
2．得到他想要的一切后，他意识到那并不重要。(after引导时间状语；强调时间状语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：　It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not important.

3．因为生病，他没有去上学。(强调原因状语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：　It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school.