课件27张PPT。 Subjunctive Mood
we use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary .P40Learn by yourself Subjunctive MoodUnderline the sentences which use unreal conditions.P41if I could have traveled to another country, I would have
should you get into university…you would have to
Had I had the chance ,I would have really enjoyed
If you should get the chance ….you should take it
Were you to do that ,you would certainly have…
Should I get to Beijing, I would visit ….
Had I had more opportunities …,would I have been
as happy as I am now ? 划线
句型：
If I were ……. , I would ….Make a sentenceIf I ____a teacher, I….wereIf I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now,
I would travel around the world.TicketIf I had known this I would have booked the ticket in advance If I had followed my husband’s advice, I _____________________
(not be caught in) in the rain. it rained cats and dogswould not have been caught Starring: Jacky Zhangcooperate with; know; enjoy Your bag!7
If he_______, I would have missed my hero.But for his help/ Without his help, I would have missed my hero. If he hadn’t come back ,I would have missed my hero If he hadn’t helped me, I would have missed my herobest wishescome across him one day/
treat him to dinnerIf I met him in the future, I would give him my best wishes.
If I were to meet him,…
If I should meet him,…If I came across him one day, I would treat him to dinner
If I should come across him one day. I would treat him to dinner
If I were to come across him one day, I would treat him to dinnerIf I had his voice, I would sing from morning till night
If I had known this ,I would have booked the ticket in advance
if I met /should meet /were to meet him in the future ,I would just give him my best wishes.Learn by heartTurn to page 40
Fill in each blank with the correct form
234561Competition TimeTranslation (10’)
人是靠希望活着。（be for hope, heart, break）
If it were not for hope, the heart would break.1.If Tom had been more careful in
the exam, he would pass it already.
2.If you got up earlier,
you might have caught the first train.
would have passedhad got upCorrect the mistakes (10’)Multiple Choice: (5’)
If it _______ for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
If he ___ in a day or two, I would wait for him. (5’)
A. returns B. should have returned
C. were to return D. had returned
Translation (10’)
1 如果我是你，我就告诉他真相。
If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
2 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会很顺利的.
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.If I ______________ (meet) you yesterday, we ______ (go) to the concert together.
2. What _________________(happen) if you _________________ (get up) too late tomorrow?
Fill in the blanks. (10’)would happen got uphad met could have goneIf he__________more carefully,
he________________ (have)
the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had (5’)If he _______ (get up )early tomorrow, he ________on time(5’) got up would be Listening
If I __________ __________on my knees and I pleaded with you If I _____________ a million oceans just to be with you ______________________________?
If I __________ the highest mountain just to hold you tight If I _____________ that I _____________ ______________you every single night
______________________________? gotdowncrossedWould you ever let me downclimbedsaidwouldloveWould you ever let me downThank you !Period 3 教材分析与导入设计
（一）本节教材分析
（1）三维目标
Knowledge and skills
1.To get the students to know the structure of the subjunctive mood.
2.To help the students learn how to use the subjunctive mood.
3.To enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly.
Process and methods
1.To let the students pick out the sentences with the subjunctive mood in the passage and ask them to translate them into Chinese to understand them.
2.To offer the students more examples to compare and help them to discover the structure of the subjunctive mood.
3.To do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on P 5 for the students to master the usage of the subjunctive mood.
4.Summarize the subjunctive mood with the students together.
5.To do more exercises for consolidation.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students’interest in learning English grammar．
2．To develop students’ability of comparing and summarizing．
（2）教学重点
To get the students to know and . learn how to use the subjunctive mood.
（3）教学难点
To enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly.
（4）教学建议
There is no such grammar in Chinese and it is difficult for Chinese students to understand and use the subjunctive mood correctly. So the teachers had better give the students enough examples to understand and compare before they summarize the grammar rules.
（二）新课导入
导入一：Lead in by reading a poem.
If you were a teardrop; In my eye,
For fear of losing you, I would never cry.
And if the golden sun, Should cease to shine its light,
Just one smile from you ,Would make my whole world bright.
translation：
如果你是我眼里的一滴泪，为了不失去你，我将永不哭泣；
如果金色的阳光停止了它耀眼的光芒，你的一个微笑将照亮我的整个世界。
By reading and understanding the students could found there are many assumptions in the poem. Then tell the students we can use the subjunctive mood to express them.
(通过朗读学生会发现，你永远不可能是我眼里的一滴泪，金色的阳光也永远不会停止照耀。
这时告诉学生，如果要表达这样的假设或者主观愿望，我们就要使用英语中的虚拟语气。)
导入二：
At first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is and in what situation we should use the subjunctive mood. Then, show them the sentence structure of the subjunctive mood.
Ask Ss to listen to the following example:
Suppose I’m a basketball fan. Yao Ming is coming here to play a basketball game this evening. But unfortunately, I haven’t’ got a ticket for it. I feel sorry about that and what should I say in this situation? I will say: I wish I watched the basketball game. / If I had got a ticket, I would go to watch the basketball game. Have you ever heard such kind of sentences?
They use subjunctive mood. The subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request, recommendation or report of a command. Also the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to the fact, highly unlikely or doubtful.
We can use the following two sentence structures to express our regretting.
.
新课教学过程（一） 虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）； (2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： I would certainly go if I( ___________(have)time．（现在） If it should rain，we wouldn't go( out.（将来） （3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： If I had set off a little earlier， I __________( __________caught the train． She would / might have come if she __________( been so busy． If I hadn't ___________(take)your advice，I would have made a( bad mistake． （4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： ___________they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us． ____________it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing． ___________I you（=If I were you）， I would go． （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： If it __________rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）． If I _____taken your advice（过去）,I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）． 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： I suggest that we（should）set off at once． The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed． I wish I ____________as strong as you． I would rather that you ____________ told him．（没有告诉他） 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once． It is requested that Professor Li（___________）give us a speech． It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight． 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go． My advice is that we（____________）send for Doctor Li． Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？ 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符； 在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如： They talked as if they________ __________ friends for years． She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother． He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train． 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。 It’s time I was going. It’s time somebody ___________(teach)you to behave yourself. 7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 I wish that he__________ so lazy. I wish I____________ wasted so much time. I wish she would change her mind. 8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years. I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 9. would rather. would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you __________the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 10.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something ________ ____________(do)about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了 11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有： 1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。 除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。 He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to. 假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？ Providing you had theopportunity to go abroad, where would you go? 12. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。 他把它藏起来以免她看见。 He hid it lest she (should) see it. 我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。 I'll get some beer in case John should come. 他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。 He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate． 13. if only 如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式； 如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形； 如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。 if only I ______ you! If only you _________ come yesterday! If only Linda could go with us tomorrow! If only I had said more about it! only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
全 品中考网
新课教学过程（二） 虚拟语气
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气
语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？
How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！
2.祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？
Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
A．真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
B．非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：
与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语：were did
主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + do
与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语：had done
主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + have done
与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语：didwere
主句的谓：should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do
1． 表示与现在事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
? would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
2．表示与过去事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
3． 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
① weredid
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。
If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。
② should do
条件从句中不管什么人称都用should do，可表示有偶然实现的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。
③ were to do
条件从句用were + to do。这种形式比较正式，常出现在书面语中，其假设成份很大，实现的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？
对比：
将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的虚拟语气对比
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（常用形式）
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（可能性较小）
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）
C．省略if的条件句
在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）
D．错综条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
注意：
在很多情况下，我们也可以用was来代替当主语是第一人称或第三人称单数时的were。
If were here tomorrow...
也可以说成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以说成：I sish I was a bird.
但倒装句型中的were不可被was来替换。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我处在你的位置，我是不会干这件事的。
E．含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
1．条件暗含在短语中
He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. 他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
2．条件可根据上下文推理出
It would do you no good. 这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放弃这项工作的话)
They could have won. 他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient 如果他们有耐心的话)
Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误完全能避免。（条件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一点的话）
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 为什么你不告诉我？我会帮助你的。（条件可能是if you had told me about it 如果你当时告诉我的话）
--- Did you go to see him yesterday 你昨天去看他了吗？
--- I would have, but someone dropped over to my house for a visit. 原想去的，但有人到我家来玩了。（条件是if no one had dropped over to my house for a visit 如果没人到我家来玩的话）
3．条件用其他形式来表示
She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. 她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（条件通过连词otherwise/or表示出来 If she had not been ill...）
I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him. 我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。（连词but暗示条件）
Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（用suppose/supposing/providing等词表示if）
To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well. 如果你同她交谈，你就会知道她的听力不好。（动词不定式带有假设的意思，相当于 If you should talk with her...）
Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. 要是放任他的话，他是不可能完成工作的。（动词的-ed形式表示条件 If he had been left to himself...）
提示：
在很多情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。
I would like to go with you. 我愿意和你一起去。
三、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法
虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。
A．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
1．主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句通常用于“It is + 形容词名词动词的-ed形式 + that ...”结构。主语从句中是否用虚拟语气取决于所用的形容词或动词的-ed形式，其谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”（美国英语常省略should，只用动词原形）。
①表示建议或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。
It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我们在另一个时间见面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
②表示惊讶
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。
It is a pity/shame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先记不住是很自然的。
必背：
常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等
动词的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。
It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
2．宾语从句
虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order, command
三个建议：suggest, advise, propose
四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire
①在suggest（建议）, order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command (命令)，request（要求），advise（建议）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形 （美国英语常省略should）。
The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较：
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示）
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）
insist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。（强调）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）
②在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。
一般过去时were/did 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。
过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。
过去将来时 would/could do表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示：
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈述语气。
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。 （可能实现）
I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）
3．表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”结构。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必须单面誊写。
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建议是合理的。
必背：
表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有
advice 建议
demand 要求
desire 愿望
decision 决定
idea 意见
motion 提议
order 命令
proposal 提议
requirement 要求
request 请求
regulation 规章
suggestion 建议
B．状语从句中的虚拟语气
①方式状语从句
由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）
c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用would/might/could
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
②目的状语从句
a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding.
我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
b. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
③让步状语从句
让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。
I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
C．定语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“到某人该做某事的时间了”。
It is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子们睡觉的时间了。
It is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我们开会的时间了。
四、其他句型中的虚拟语气
A． If only......
If only位于句首引起的感叹句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用would或could表示将来。
If only he knew the answer. 他要是知道答案就好了。（用过去时表示现在）
If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能讲几种外语就好了！（用would/could表示将来）
If only you had told me the truth before. 要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。（用过去完成时表示过去）
注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。
If only it would rain. 但愿天能下点儿雨！= How I wish it would rain.
If only I had known her earlier! 要是我早点儿认识她就好了！= I wish I had known her earlier.
B．would rather
would rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接从句，表示“宁愿”，动词用过去时表示当时和将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。
I would rather you left today. 我宁可你今天走。
I would prefer he didn't stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。
I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
提示：
would rather 主要有两种用法。
1．后接不带to的不定式
I'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。
I'd rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡
2．后接不用连词的that从句
I'd rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。
I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。
C．表示愿望的感叹句
在表示祝愿的感叹句中，用动词原形，表示愿望。
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you be happy! 祝您快乐！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
Success attend you! 祝你成功！
The Lord save us! 愿主救我们！
D．情态动词用于虚拟语气
部分情态动词的过去形式（could, might, should, would），可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。
1．表示想像或猜测
If I could speak French, I would teach you. 如果我会说法语，我就能教你。（我不会，所以不能教你）
If you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled. 如果你现在给他打电话，你就可以把问题解决了。
There could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 这台录音机可能出毛病了。
He might have said so. 他可能这样说过。
Could he have done such a foolish thing 他会做这样的傻事吗？
2．表示委婉或客气
虚拟语气（could, would, might + 动词原形）可使说话者的口气变得委婉客气。
You could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回这个电子邮件。
Could you leave me your telephone number and address 你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗？
Would you mind opening the window 劳驾把窗子打开，好吗？
You might as well put off the discussion till next week. 你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。
比较：
would like to do
愿意，想要
would like to have done
本来想
I would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你谈一谈。(现在想)
I would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你谈一谈的。（没有谈成）
3．表示惋惜或责备
Given more time, we could have done better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们能够干得更好些。（我们并没有得到更多的时间）
You could have got up a little earlier！ 你完全可以早点儿起来！（实际上没有早起）
It was cold yesterday. I should have worn a heavy coat. 昨天很冷，我该穿件厚外套的。（但我没穿）
This wall shouldn't have been pained blue. 这墙不应该漆成蓝色。（但已漆了）
提示：
当代英语一个显著的变化就是虚拟语气的使用越来越少，许多该用虚拟语气的地方都用陈述语气代替。
He suggested that I went to the hospital at once. 他建议我们立刻去医院。（原应用should go）
We shall write down the address lest we forget. 我们要把地址记下来，以免忘记。（原应用should forget）
Imagine you are an astronaut. 设想你是个宇航员。（原应用were）
全 品中考网
课时训练（3）
虚拟语气练习 1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade. a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______. a.you would meet John already b. you won’t have missed John c.you will have met John d. you would have met John 3.Supposing this ship ______ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk 4.The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ______ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not 5.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make c. makes d. will make 6.Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. don’t do c. didn’t do d. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place. a. be b. am c. was d. were 8.The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.It’s high time you ______. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work 10.“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I ______ able to play so well now.” a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. wouldn’t have been d. couldn’t have been 11.It is imperative that you ______ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be 12.The atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system. a. as it were b. as if they were c. as it were d. as if are 13.We required that the machine parts ______ cast iron. a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by 14.The management urged that the cost of production ______. a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced b.be further reduced d. should further reduced 15.The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich. a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed 16.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet. a. isn’t going b. weren’t going c. will not going d. could have gone 17.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night. a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone 18.I’d just as soon ______ rudely to her. a. that you won’t speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didn’t speak 19.If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way. a. should live…would spend b. will live ….should spend c. are living … should have spent d. will be living…would have spent 20.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 21.His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program. a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning 22.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution. a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed 23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made 24.The doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition. a.be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told 25.______,we could not have finished the work on time. a.If they do not help us b. Was it not for their help c.Should they offer to help us d. But for their help 26.If we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now. a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got 27.Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past. a. would be b. is c. will be d. was 28.They thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness. a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand 29.All science students, ______,should have a good foundation in basic sciences. a.whether they are future physicists and chemists b.they are future physicists of chemists c.they should be future physicists of chemists d.be they future physicists or chemists 30.Sally can’t have written tome, or ______ the letter by now. a. I’ll get b. I’ll have got c. I’d have got d. I’d get 31.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______. a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited 32.There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit. a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given 33.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature. a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat 34.“Did you go to see the football match yesterday?” “No. I didn’t feel well, but I would have gone if I ______.” a.did b. have c. would d. had 35.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station. a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met 36.We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way. a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled 37.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ______ of hunger and cold. a. would be died b. would have died c. would die d . will have died 38.______ today, he would get there by Friday. a.Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves 39.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______. a.could be not solved b. could not be solved b.could not have been solved d. could not have solved 40.He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he ______. a. is b. were c. should be d. seems like 41.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way. a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong 42.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination. a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for 43.The old man went to office on foot, but he ______ by bus. a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone 44.He is working hard for fear that he ______ to pass the exam. a. fails b. may fail c. should fail d. would fail 45.She put on her glasses in order that she _____. a. can see b. saw c. had seen d. might see 46.Whatever ______ we’ll go ahead. a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened 47.If I ______ out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper. a. hadn’t run b. shouldn’t run c. didn’t run d. haven’t run 48.But for your advice, I ______ into trouble. a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get 49.______ for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles. a. Had it been b. Had it not been c. It had not been d. It not had been 50.Were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things ______ they are today. a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have been d. didn’t have 51.If only I ______ there. a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been 52.Tom would buy that bicycle but he ______ no money. a. had b. has c. had had d. has had 53.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there. a. was b. were c. had been d. went 54.It is time we ______ up our results. a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum 55.Dr Bethune worked hard as if he ______. a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never 56.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ______ the book from which it was made. a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read 57.It is strange that such a thing ______ in your school. a.will happen b. happens c. should happen d. happened 58.If she could sew,______. a.she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt c.she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat 59.“Did you notice John was not at work today?” “No. If ______ working, I would have noticed it.” a.I’d be b. I wasn’t c. I’d been d. weren’t 60.“Why don’t you explain it to her?” “I ______ it to her if I thought she would understand.” a.would explain b. will explain c. explain d. would have explained 61.“Your performance was very good.” “I could have done better if I ______ more time.” a. have had b. had c. had had d. will have had 62.“She wouldn’t drink her medicine last night, would she?” “______.” a.No, but I wish she wouldn’t b. No, but I wish she had b.Yes, I wish she drank d. yes, I wish she could 63.I think it advisable that he ______ for Tokyo soon. a. will leave b. may leave c. leave d. leaves 64.The committee asked that the matter ______ at the next meeting. a. would be discussed b. will be discussed c. be discussed d. may be discussed 65.______ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today. a.If he went b. Were he gone c. should he had gone d. Had he gone 66.______ the work, he would do it some other way. a. Was he going b. If he does c. Were he to do d. If he is doing 67._____,I hardly think I would have recognized him. a.Should his name not be mentioned b. Had someone not mentioned his name c.If someone did not mention his name d. If someone had mentioned his name 68.I’d just as soon ______ to the theatre tonight. a. not going b. not to go c. not go d. that I won’t go 69.At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club ______ open until midnight was defeated. a. remains b. remain c. remained d. would remain 70.The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was
?
虚拟语气练习答案 1 D 19 A 37 B 55 B 2 D 20 A 38 C 56 D 3 C 21 B 39 C 57 C 4 B 22 C 40 B 58 B 5 B 23 B 41 B 59 C 6 C 24 A 42 D 60 A 7 D 25 D 43 C 61 C 8 C 26 C 44 C 62 B 9 C 27 A 45 D 63 C 10 A 28 B 46 C 64 C 11 C 29 D 47 A 65 D 12 C 30 C 48 C 66 C 13 C 31 B 49 B 67 B 14 C 32 C 50 C 68 C 15 A 33 A 51 D 69 B 16 B 34 D 52 B 70 B 17 D 35 D 53 C 18 D 36 A 54 B
英语考点预测-虚拟语气
一、考点分析与命题趋势
虚拟语气是高考考查的重点语法项目，虽然不是每套题都涉及，但在近几年的考题中也有不少出现。由于汉语中没有这种语法情况，对于以汉语为母语的我们来说有很大的理解难度。命题者在试题的有效信息方面越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动，真实，考查的角度也越来越灵活。要掌握好这一语法项目，我个人认为应从以下方面备考：
1. 熟记并掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用规则。
2. 熟练掌握虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。
3. 掌握一些特殊句型中要运用虚拟语气的具体规则。
二、03-08高考试题汇编:
1.（2003上海春季, 40）Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____your dvice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
【解析】if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
【答案】 C.
2.（2005 江苏, 33）.---- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
【答案】B
3.（2005 湖北, 33）If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。
【答案】B
4.（2006 湖北, 31） __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
【解析】 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。
【答案】B
5.（2006福建卷,27）. If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
【解析】 .虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况， 故不用虚拟语气。
【答案】C
6.（2007 全国卷II， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
【解析】 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
【答案】A
7.（2008山东卷, 24） Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
【解析】 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。
【答案】B
三、名校试题
1. （山东省淄博市2006—2007学年度高三二摸，35）Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he ____________a student of Beijing University .
A．would have been B．should be C．has been D．had been
【解析】otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。
【答案】A
2.（江苏省海安市2007-2008学年度高三摸底，27）---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
----That's right， or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. devoted; wouldn't have taken B. spent; wouldn't have taken
C. had devoted; hadn't taken D. had spent; couldn't take
【解析】devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。
【答案】A
3. （山东省济南市2007年3月高三统一考试，28）—Any information about your son?
—No. If only I ______ those tough words to him.
A．didn't say B．hadn't said
C．shouldn't have said D．couldn't have said
【解析】if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。
【答案】B
4.（太原五中2008—2009学年度第二学期月考 （2月）， 25）It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.
A. would B. should C. will D. can
【解析】It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。
【答案】B
5. （2008年普通高等学校招生中卫一中第二次月考，29） John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
【解析】suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B
【答案】B
6. （宁夏银川一中2008届高三年级一模，34） But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results.
A．have achieved B．shouldn’t have achieved
C．should have achieved D．would achieve
【解析】but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。
【答案】B
7.（山东省临沂市2008届高三质检 （一），25）--Where have you been?
--I in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I here earlier.
A. got stuck; would have come B. got stuck; was
C. have got stuck; would have come D. had got stuck; would come
【解析】由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A
【答案】A
8（宁夏银川一中2009届高三模， 29）He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored?????????????????????? B. scored
C. would score????????????????????? D. would have scored
【解析】这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 .
【答案】D
四、考点预测
（一）文字介绍
虚拟语气是语法的难点，平时师生在备考中应该注意一下考查角度：
1.混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
2.虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后
3. 表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
4.含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
（二）原创或收集考点预测试题
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks?????????????????????? ???? B. has broken
C. were broken????????????????????? D. had been broken
【解析】as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.
【答案】C.
2. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
A. would have passed??????????????? B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed??????????? D. wouldn’t pass
【解析】but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.
【答案】C
3. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show??????????B. would show C. am going to show??????D. am showing
【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
【答案】B
4. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
??? A. He’d better give up drinking
??? B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
??? C. Health is more important than drink
??? D. I wonder why he is always doing so
?【解析】关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.
【答案】 D.
5. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do????????????? B. are C. will????????????????? D. would
【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.
【答案】D
6. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come??????????? B. is coming
C. came???????????????? D. had come
【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
【答案】C
7. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
【解析】insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
【答案】D
8. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up??????????????????? B. Had he given up
C. Did he give????????????????????? ?? D. If he gave up
【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
【答案】B
9. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do?????????????? B. did C. had???????????? ?????? D. would
【解析】It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
【答案】B
10. “Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live????????????????????? B. knew, lives
C. know, lives???????????????????? D. know, lived
【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
【答案】B
11. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen??????????? B. had not fallen
C. should fall????????????????????? D. were to fall
【解析】 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
【答案】B
12. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold?????????? B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold???????????? D. can freeze coldly
【解析】without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
【答案】A
全 品中考网
Unit 1 Art Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I am wondering how the words were (雕刻) into the stones.
答案：carved
2．They are to put on an (展览) of French paintings next week.
答案：exhibition
3．I am excited at the thought of meeting a famous (学者) from Beijing.
答案：scholar
4．Don’t forget to put your (签名) on each of the checks.
答案：signature
5．Xu Beihong has a great influence on (当代的) Chinese painting.
答案：contemporary
6．The history student hoped to compare the (文明) of ancient China and Egypt.
答案：civilization
7．His approach has won him a (名声) as a tough manager.
答案：reputation
8．Many elderly people expressed a strong (偏爱) to live in their own homes.
答案：preference
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The observer’s statement about the accident was very ________； we knew almost everything about it now.
A．specific B．especial
C．particular D．special
解析：选A。句意：目击者对于这次事故描述得非常具体，我们现在几乎了解了全部情况。specific“具体的”；especial“特殊的；特别的”；particular“特殊的”，强调个性；special“特殊的；专门的”，强调目的性。
2．Employees who have worked here for many years will be given ________ over newcomers.
A．preference B．prejudice
C．promise D．experience
解析：选A。句意：与初来乍到者不同，那些工作多年的雇员将得到优待。preference“偏爱”；prejudice“偏见”；promise“许诺”；experience“经验”。
3．Unless your father comes to pick you up ________， I won’t let you go.
A．in time B．in addition
C．in place D．in the flesh
解析：选D。in the flesh“本人”；in time“及时”；in addition“另外”；in place“在适当的地方”。句意：除非你爸爸亲自来接你，否则我不会让你走。
4．As a public ________， Yao Ming knows what to do in face of this kind of thing.
A．character B．figure
C．statue D．opinion
解析：选B。句意：姚明作为公众人物，知道面对这种事情应该怎么做。character“小说或影视中的人物”；figure“人物”；statue“雕像”；opinion“观点；评价”。
5．(2010·安徽高考)— How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
— To be honest, his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。答语的意思是：老实说，他的歌唱不太吸引我。appeal to“吸引”，符合句意。belong to“属于”；refer to“暗指；提到；查阅”；occur to“被想起”。
6．Some people think that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of ________ behaviour and crime in society.
A．childish B．artificial
C．aggressive D．heroic
解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意：一些人认为在电视上看暴力片是目前社会上有好斗和犯罪行为的主要原因之一。aggressive“好斗的”；childish“孩子气的”；artificial“假的”；heroic“英雄的”。
7．It took ________ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：选B。考查短语辨析。句意：要建造这些节省能源的房子需要的不仅仅是建筑材料，还需要智慧。more than“不仅仅”，符合题意。other than“除了”；rather than“而不是”；less than“不足；少于”。
8．A car crashed into a tree beside the road, ________ two people in the car.
A．killed B．killing
C．kills D．to kill
解析：选B。句意：一辆小汽车撞到路旁边的一棵树上，结果造成车上两人死亡。现在分词作状语表示自然而然的结果。
9．I would walk to school every day ________ ride a bicycle.
A．rather than B．more than
C．other than D．less than
解析：选A。句意：我宁愿每天走路上学也不愿骑自行车。would do ... rather than do ...“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
10．(2010·江苏高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________.
A．expectation B．reputation
C．contribution D．civilization
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，所以享有良好的名誉。reputation“名誉；声望”，符合句意。expectation“期望”；contribution“贡献”；civilization“文明”，都不符合语意。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Vincent Van Gogh is often remembered as the painter who cut off his ear in a fit of passion. He was a lonely man who often __1__ without food in order to buy paints, a man with few friends and a __2__ temper. Van Gogh’s strong emotions not only __3__ his life, but his paintings.
Many of Van Gogh’s paintings were __4__ by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could __5__ the world in different ways. His painting Sunflowers, for example, is __6__ yellows and browns. These colors give the painting a __7__ of warmth. However, the sunflowers are __8__ dead and dying.
The result is a painting that __9__ the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved with the feelings of __10__ that were all around him. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad, all at the same time Van Gogh’s most famous painting, The Starry Night, __11__ this mixture of joy and sadness one step __12__. It is a landscape full of deep __13__ and shadows which showed the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he was painting, __14__ what he was actually seeing.
This is why Van Gogh’s __15__ in his painting look more imaginative than reality. The stars and moon in The Starry Night are __16__ bright; their light swirling above the darkening hills. A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the __17__ of the night, interrupting its beauty.
Because of his wild emotions, Van Gogh was not __18__ during his life. He sold only one painting. However, people today who stand in front of Sunflowers or The Starry Night can __19__ the same joy and sadness Van Gogh once did, __20__ he painted those deep blues and sunny yellows.
1．A.went B．came
C．carried D．sent
解析：选A。go without是固定搭配，意为“缺乏；没有”。此句意为“他是个寂寞的人，为了买颜料而没有饭吃”。其他三项都没有此种用法。
2．A.gentle B．tender
C．stormy D．short
解析：选C。由上文他“一时冲动割掉自己的耳朵”，“没有朋友”和最后一段的his wild emotions，可以推断出他的脾气很坏。stormy“激烈的；暴烈的”；short temper“急脾气”不符合句意。
3．A.developed B．affected
C．improved D．reduced
解析：选B。此句意为“梵·高强烈的情感不仅影响了他的一生，也同样影响了他的绘画”，affect是“影响”之意。develop“发展”，可以排除。
4．A.inspired B．taught
C．followed D．moved
解析：选A。inspire是“激发；启发”之意，此句意为“梵·高的许多画都受到温暖的黄色阳光的启发”。follow“跟随”，不合句意。
5．A.show up B．turn up
C．cut up D．light up
解析：选D。句意为“因为他热爱阳光照亮世界的不同方式”，light up意为“照亮”符合句意。show up“出现”；turn up“开大(声音等)”都可排除。
6．A.full in B．filled with
C．filled of D．full out
解析：选B。be filled with“充满”，也可以用be full of。
7．A.state B．look
C．feeling D．touch
解析：选C。此句意为“这些色彩赋予这幅画一种温暖的感觉”。feeling“感觉”；state“状态”；look“表情；外貌”；touch“触摸”，都可排除。
8．A.actually B．simply
C．entirely D．finally
解析：选A。actually意为“事实上”，此句意为“然而，事实上向日葵早已枯萎或即将枯死”。
9．A.compares B．includes
C．communicates D．mixes
解析：选D。由上下文可以判断此处要表达的是“结果是一幅混合了梵·高所热爱的生命的温暖和萦绕着他的伤感的画”所以要用mix ... with ...结构。
10．A.happiness B．excitement
C．sadness D．worry
解析：选C。下一句和本句相互对应，由下句可以推断此处是sadness。
11．A.takes B．stands
C．raises D．continues
解析：选A。此句意为“使这种喜悦和伤感的融合更深一步”，take steps是常见的搭配。
12．A.further B．deeper
C．longer D．closer
解析：选A。表示“更进一步”，用further。
13．A.reds B．blacks
C．blues D．greens
解析：选C。颜色可以表达各种情感，蓝色可以表示“悲伤”，由上句“takes this mixture of joy and sadness one step further”可以判断此处只能是blues。
14．A.other than B．rather than
C．as well as D．in addition
解析：选B。rather than是instead of之意，表示“而不是”；other than是“除……之外”之意。根据句意只能选rather than。
15．A.voices B．pictures
C．colors D．images
解析：选D。image是“图像；景象”之意；picture“图画”和painting重复。
16．A.seldom B．unusually
C．accordingly D．properly
解析：选B。unusually表示“不同寻常地”。
17．A.surroundings B．environment
C．view D．sight
解析：选C。view表示“景色”。
18．A.understood B．noticed
C．rewarded D．trusted
解析：选A。由句意“梵·高由于他狂野的情绪而在生前不为人所了解”，可以判断此处用understood表示“被理解”。
19．A.experience B．recognize
C．accept D．determine
解析：选A。experience表示“体会；感受”。
20．A.though B．however
C．if D．as
解析：选D。根据两句之间的关系，后一句应该是一个时间状语从句，选项中只有as可以表示“当……的时候”。
Ⅳ.选做题
⊙阅读表达(山东专用)
[1] It costs a lot to go to college or university. The increasing costs make us doubt whether there’s real value to a college education. Is the thousands of dollars of debt and the time lost for study worthwhile? The answer may lie in the value of a college education and rates of return on investment (投资)．
[2] On the financial side, there’s enough data to suggest that on average a college graduate will earn a great deal more than ________. In America, over a lifetime a college graduate will earn on average about $2.1 million compared to $1.2 million for a high school graduate. Compared with the cost of attending a four-year university, about $10,000 per year, and even adding the cost of lost working time, it’s clearly of financial value to attend university.
[3] In addition to the possibility of increased earning power, college graduates also enjoy other benefits. The Institute for Higher Education Policy ever published a report stating that people who finished a college or university program experienced a number of assistant benefits. They included higher levels of saving, improved quality of life, more hobbies and free time activities.
[4] And for well-educated people, they tend to be more open-minded and more cultured. What’s more, a college education can even improve your health. Many research studies have shown a positive connection between higher education and good health, not only for yourself, but also for your children.
[5] So it appears that there’s really much value in a college education. Why not go to college and have a high college education? Go now!
1．What conclusion can we draw from the data in Paragraph 2? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：A college education is of great value./A college education has higher rates of return./A college education increases people’s earning power./It’s clearly of financial value to attend university.
2．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：a high school graduate/one who isn’t/one without a college education
3．What benefits do people with a college education have according to The Institute for Higher Education Policy’s report? (no more than 15 words)
①____________________②____________________
③____________________④____________________
答案：①higher levels of saving ②improved quality of life ③more hobbies ④more free time activities
4．How does the text point out the benefits of a college education？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：By using some data and (some) previous research results./It uses some data and (some) previous research results./By mentioning many advantages of a college education.
5．What is the purpose of the last paragraph？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：To encourage us (readers) to have a high college education./To encourage us (readers) to go to college./To draw a conclusion of the text.
⊙阅读表达(江西专用)
[1] One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
[2] Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other’s company.
[3] During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children’s school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.
[4] However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. ________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.
1．What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．List two benefits that parents can get by having dinner together with children.(no more than 15 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4．What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner？(no more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________
5．What does the word “it”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) probably refer to？(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.Families benefit from eating together./ Having dinner together is beneficial to families.
2．Knowing more about their children; building stronger and healthier relationships with their children; getting chance to show that they are prior to their children.
3.No family dinners can benefit./ Family dinner may not benefit.
4．Their children’s school performance, daily activities and attitudes towards life.
5．Family dinner.
⊙任务型阅读(通用版专用)
1．________ You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 2.________ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class.3.________ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. 4.________ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over worried. 5.________ You will probably discover them after you have tried these.
A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B．Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．Maybe you are an average student.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．This will help you understand the next class.
答案：1～5 EBCGA
⊙任务型阅读(浙江、陕西专用)
1.
Like a flower with a pleasant scent, your smile can draw people close enough to see inside you. That’s Smile Power. A smile has the power to radiate the qualities that make you beautiful on the inside-kindness, friendship, honesty, respect, patience, and self-control. So please give smiles away like flowers. Let your smile be an invitation for others to get to know the great person behind the smile. Then let people see that your smile doesn’t stop at your mouth. It goes all the way to your heart. On the other hand, we are drawn to people who smile and we want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good. Frowns, scowls and grimaces all push people away — but a smile draws them in.
2.
Next time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile. There’s a good chance your mood will change for the better. Smiling can trick the body into helping you to have good feelings. So smile is a good state of mind, you have a smile, then you will have better feelings. So when you are smiling you lighten up the room, change the moods of others, and make things happier.
3.
The muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger. Don’t go for a face lift, just try smiling your way through the day — you’ll look younger. Then you will feel better and have more confidence, thus are more likely to be promoted, and more likely to be approached. Put on a smile at meetings and appointments and people will react to you differently because of your confidence.
4.
Stress can really show up in our faces. Smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired, worn down, and overwhelmed. When you are stressed, take time to put on a smile. This is because when you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure. You can sit for a few minutes, take a reading. Then smile for a minute and take another reading while still smiling. You will be happy to see your stress disappears quickly.
5.
Now try to think of something negative without losing the smile. It’s hard. When we smile our body is sending the rest of us a message that “Life is Good！” Stay away from depression, stress and worry by smiling. So smile is a positive state of mind, every time you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing and then other people will also answer your smile.
答案：1～5 EBAFC
⊙任务型读写(安徽专用)
Sleep problems affect one out of 10 adults in the US. Not being able to sleep is troublesome and can influence the quality of your working hours.
Sleep problems are caused by a variety of things. Most people experience them for a short period of time due to stress, anxiety or poor diet. If sleep problems last for long, they can be caused by medical problems and should be examined by a doctor.
Certain foods improve sleep. These foods help improve the quality of your sleep.
Some foods will increase your body’s production of serotonin (血清素) and help you sleep. These foods include fruits, such as apples, pears, and bananas and whole grain breads. Eating most foods high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物), will produce the feeling of sleepiness. This is because carbohydrates raise blood insulin (胰岛素) levels quickly. When insulin levels increase, there is also an increase of serotonin. Serotonin is well known as our bodies sleep enabling chemical. It produces a feeling of calmness.
Other foods to try are turkey and nuts. The high levels of proteins and fats in turkey and nuts will raise blood insulin levels, but they will take longer than carbohydrates to do the job. Four hours before bed, these work well to promote sleep.
The traditional way is to drink warm milk before bed. Warm milk does work! It is a good source of serotonin. Increased serotonin levels, in your body, have a calming effect and cause sleep. The way your mom’s tried will help you sleep! A green tea made from certain herbs (草本植物) will also help.
Caffeine, found in high levels in black tea, chocolate and coffee, leads to difficulty sleeping. Always avoid having it before you go to sleep in the evening. If you suffer from sleep problems, you may benefit from avoiding caffeine completely.
Title：(1)________ between foods and sleep
The present situation
One tenth of American adults (2) ________ from sleep problems.
The possible causes of sleep problems
●Sleep problems possibly result from (3) ________ things.
●Medical problems can (4) ________ to sleep problems lasting for a long time.
The results of sleep problems
They bring about trouble to people and have a (5) ________ effect on people’s work and life.
The (6) ________ to the problems
Certain foods can be used to make sleep quality (7) ________.
The kinds of food
Foods high in carbohydrates, turkey and nuts, warm milk, and a special green tea.
(9) ________ on food
●Have foods high in carbohydrates, which make people (8) ________ and sleepy.
●Eat turkey and nuts four hours before you go to bed.
●Drink warm milk before going to bed.
●Avoid drinks or snacks (10) ________ caffeine before going to sleep.
答案：1.Relationship 2.suffer 3.various 4.lead
5．negative/bad 6.solution/approaches 7.better
8．calm 9.Advice/Suggestions/Tips 10.containing
⊙阅读理解(福建专用)
India now accounts for (占据) 17.5% of the world’s population — India’s population has increased by more than 181 million people during the period 2001～2011 to 1.21 billion, according to the 2011 census (人口普查) result.
The figure shows India’s large population is growing fast — 181 million is only slightly lower than the entire population of Brazil. But the speed of growth has slowed — from 21.5% in the last ten years to 17.6% now.
More people now live in India than in the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan and Bangladesh counted together. The United States is the third most populous country in the world.
India is on course to overtake China as the world’s most populous nation by 2030, but its growth rate is falling, figures show. The census also shows a continuing preference for boys — India’s sex ratio (比例) is at its worst since the country was founded in 1947.
Statistics show fewer girls than boys are being born or surviving. They show 914 girls were born for every 1,000 boys under the age of six. The sex imbalance has widened every ten years since 1947.
“This is a serious problem.” Mr. C. Chandramauli, Census Commissioner of India, told a news reporter in the capital, New Delhi. Government officials said they would review all their policies towards it,_which they admitted were failing.
The male population has grown by 17.19% to reach 623.7 million while the female population has risen by 18.12% to reach 586.5 million.
Uttar Pradesh, the census shows, is the most populous state with 199 million people and Lakshadweep the least populated at 64,429.
There is good news in the field of education. The literacy rate (识字率) has gone up from about 65% in 2001 to 74% in 2011.
India started the 2011 census in April last year and its census is carried out every 10 years.
1．According to the text, what’s the speed of India’s population growth now?
A．21.5% B．17.6%
C．17.19% D．18.12%
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段末句from 21.5% in the last ten years to 17.6% now可知，印度现在的人口增长速度为17.6%。
2．The underlined word “it” in the text refers to ________.
A．the literacy rate
B．India’s large population
C．the 2011 census
D．the sex imbalance
解析：选D。指代题。文章第五段提到了印度日益严重的性别失衡问题，第六段紧接着说这是个严重的问题，所以官员们要重新考虑对待这个问题的有关政策。故it这里指代的是“男女性别比例失衡”。
3．We can learn from the text that ________.
A．more Indians have been educated in the past ten years
B．New Delhi has a larger population than Uttar Pradesh
C．Brazil’s population is lower than 181 million
D．India will have a larger population than China in ten years
解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段印度人口识字率的提高可知，在过去的十年，更多的印度人接受了教育。故选A项。
4．In which section of a magazine could this passage be found?
A．Travel & Custom
B．World & Population
C．Education & Development
D．Economy & Environment
解析：选B。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了印度2011年的人口普查结果以及相关详细信息。故很有可能来自杂志中“世界与人口”专栏。
