课件72张PPT。Period 2 Learning about languageUnit 1 Art Checking answer – I (4ms) Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 4:excellent; splendid
purpose; intention
silly or unreasonable
trust; strong belief
easily noticed or understood
traditional
room or building for showing works of artsuperb
aim
ridiculous
faith
evident
conventional
galleryDiscovering useful words and expressionsPage 4.based on general ideas rather than specific examples
method of doing or performing something, especially in the arts or sciences
the art of making figures, objects, etc out of stone, wood, clay, etcabstract
technique
sculpture Checking answer – II (3ms) Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 4:possess,
a great deal,
By coincidence,
adopt,
attempted,
On the other hand,
predictChecking answer – III ( 3ms ) Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 4:artstylesdetailed, realistic, delicate, abstractsculptureartistspaintingpainterPicassosculptorpaints, brushes, walls, canvas, paper, ceilingsclay, bronze, marble, wood, carveMichelangeloDavidMasterpieces, figures, human bodyLeonardo Da VinciMona LisaMasaccioln groups study these words and phrases concerning art. Add more if you can. Try to classify them into categories. Use the dictionary to help you if necessary.Discuss your categories and make a mind map to connect them.3paints clay wood detailed bronze marble
figure abstract brushes styles walls masterpieces
painter David Mona Lisa ceilings painting
Leonardo da Vinci human body paper carve
sculptor delicate Michelangelo canvas realistic sculpture Masaccio artists Picasso4. attempt n.努力;尝试;企图vt. 尝试;企图
She made an attempt to cook the dinner.
她试着做这顿饭。
An astronaut will attempt to leave the
stationary spaceship and then return to it.
一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船,
然后再回到里面去。
The boys attempted to leave for camping
but were stopped by their parents. 男孩
子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
The second question was so difficult I didn’t
even attempt it.
make an attempt at 打算; 试图
Attempt 的同义词是try, 前者较为正式。Attempt doing sth. 和attempt to do sth. 的区别同try doing sth. 和try to do sth. 一样。
他试图打破世界记录。
He _______ __________ the world record.
他试图游过英吉利海峡。
He _____ ______ ______ ______ swim across the English channel.
attempted breakingmade an attempt toThe Subjunctive MoodGrammarPage 5陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet.
祈使语气 Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一. 语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 (The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.二. ‘if ’虚拟条件句的概念由 ‘if’ 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 ‘if’虚拟条件句
I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.
其他虚拟条件句
Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time. 三. if Sentence Structure ‘if ’虚拟条件句的结构a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设
b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设
c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 虚拟语气If I were a boy, I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I won the lottery, I would…If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice.
b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous.
d. If I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help.were notcould bewerewould ask2. 与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；
主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have ＋动词过去分词。If he __________ more carefully, he _________________ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I ________ how to swim,I __________________ trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already.
b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone3. 与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might ＋动词原形。If he got up early, he would be on time.假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看见我, 就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.a. If there ________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power .
b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, here ________ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。
例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.过去时(were)would/could/should/might +V. (原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。过去完成时would/could/should/might + have+ p.p.1.过去时
2.should+V.
3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might +V. (原)二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would＋动词原形”。注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。
但愿你立刻来。
I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.as if/as though由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had＋过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesn’t own it or probably doesn’t own it or we don’t know whether he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though she had been there himself.他那样对待我, 好像我式陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.关于虚拟语气 辩析1关于虚拟语气 辩析2关于虚拟语气 辩析3关于虚拟语气 辩析4关于虚拟语气 辩析5关于陈述语气 1 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等. I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4真实条件句?
真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains
C. rained D. is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。注意：
在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。高考实战:-- If he _____, he _____ that food.
-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as
if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken3. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you _____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
4. – I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
-- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
5. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadAnswer key for Exercise 2 on page 51,W 2,F 3,W 4,FIf he had right to choose his holiday, he would go to Mexico.
If I were not allergic to shellfish, I would enjoy eating them.
If the marble statue were not too big for her garden, the housewife would buy it.
If we knew more about the disease, we would be able to treat the patients very effectively.Discovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 3 on page 5David is not a sculptor. If he were, he would make a sculpture for the exhibition.
Sally is not an aggressive woman. If she were, she would be a more successful business woman.
If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.
If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse.Mr Ling isn’t here. If he were, he would help you with your geometry.
It’s Miss Liang’s birthday today. I wish I could take her out to a superb restaurant for dinner.
We don’t know her address. If we knew it, we would send her a large bunch of flowers.
People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I could go with you but I’m too busy these day.If Masaccio were alive today, he would be amazed at how artists paint today.
If Peter would come to our school, he could go to art classes.Assignment1. Summarize the rules of the Passive Voice.
2. Finish the exercises of “Discovering useful structures” on Page 5 and “Using structure” Page 43学案
faith信任；信心；信念
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.（回归课本）
have faith in 对……有信心；相信
lose faith in 对……失去信心
restore/destroy one’s faith in 恢复/毁掉某人对……的信心
keep/break faith with sb 信守/不守信
in bad/good faith 存心不良/诚心诚意
Exx:I (对她很有信心)，she won’t let me down.
The public (已失去信心)the government.
Her friend’s kindness (恢复了我的信心)human nature.
The woman who sold me the car claimed she had acted (诚心诚意地).
adj: faithful ①忠诚的、忠实的 a faithful servant/friend/dog
be/remain faithful to He （始终忠诚于党） until his death.
②忠贞的、忠诚的
③可信任的; 可信赖的; 可信任的工人
2. aim
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(回归课本)
n.①目标; 目的 ②瞄准
The main aim of the course is to improve students’ writing skill .
with the aim of 以……为目标；旨在………
achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标
take aim at 向……瞄准
Ex:She went to London (为了找工作)（aim. n）.
Alan (瞄准了那只老虎).
v. ①瞄准，对准 ②致力于、打算 ③旨在，目的是
aim(sth)at/for 瞄准
aim at (doing)sth
aim to do sth 打算、致力于 we (力争到那里) around six.
Sth be aimed at (doing sth)目的是、旨在
Ex: These measures (旨在防止)violent crime.
They (正力求减少)unemployment by 50%.
He (把枪瞄准敌人).
3．typical ①典型的，有代表性的 ②一贯的，平常的 ③一向如此的，特有的
A. typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. (回归课本)
This is a typical example of Roman pottery.
be typical of 是……的典型/代表
It is typical of sb to do sth……是某人所特有的
Exx: she （就是爱忘事）.
This painting (是相当典型的代表)his early work.
4．evident 明显的，明白的，显然的
But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters……(回归课本)
Ex: Bob began eating his lunch （显得津津有味）。
It is evident (to sb)that……显然/清楚……
Ex: （我们已经清楚）a mistake has been made. (evident)
n. evidence 证明/据 医学证明/科学依据
be in evidence 显眼/显而易见
There is some evidence that……有证据显示……
give evidence 作证
Ex: (有证据显示)a small amount of alcohol is good for you.
5.adopt①收养、领养 ②采用、采取 ③正式通过、认可
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.（回归课本）
Exx: His mother （被收养）when she was four.
All three teams (采用不同方法解决)the problem.
The council is expected to (通过这项新政策)at its next meeting.
adopted adj 领养的，收养的 他的养子
6. possess. v ①拥有 ②具有（特质） ③支配、控制
Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.(回归课本)
Exx: He (被指控拥有) a gun.
I’m afraid he (没有幽默感)
n. possession ①具有、拥有
sth be in one’s possession 由……拥有
sb be in possession of sth 拥有;持有（某物）
take possession of
come into one’s possession 为某人所得，落入某人手中
Exx: The house (一直归这个家庭所有)since the 1500s.
She was found (拥有赃物).
You can’t （合法拥有）the property until three weeks
after the contract is signed.
On her father’s death, a vast fortune (落入她手中) .
②（pl.）个人财产 私人物品 个人财产
7.by coincidence 巧合地
By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.(回归课本)
coincidence n.① [u]巧合 ②[c]巧事
Exx: 真巧！ !
（真巧了），I met the person we’d been discussing the next day.
It’s (并非巧合)none of the directors are women.
8．a great deal 大量、很大程度上
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.(回归课本)
a great /good deal 大量；很大程度上 副词短语 修饰v/adj/adv
a great/good deal of +[u]许多、大量
Exx: (他们很多工作)is unpaid.
I’m feeling (好多了).
We see them (经常).
拓展：①many a/ an……;a great/ good many; quite a few; a (great/ large…)
number of ; scores of ; many…+[c]复
②a good/great deal of; a large amount of; amounts of; a little; much+[u]
③a lot of; lots of; plenty of; a large quantity of; quantities of +[c]/[u]
9. shadow
They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.（回归课本）
shadow. n ①阴影、影子 ②阴暗处、昏暗处 ③（坏）影响
cast a shadow on/over 投影于;影子映在 The ship’s sail （倒映在水面上）.
in shadow/the shadows阴暗处;背光处 I thought I saw a figure （站在阴暗处）.
under/in the shadow of 在……的阴影中
Ex: Those people have been living for years (在恐怖的阴影中).
10．ridiculous adj ①愚蠢的②荒唐的③可笑的
They said that the painters were care less and their paintings were ridiculous.（回归课本）
11. attempt.
On the one hand , some modern art is abstract; that is ,the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes,……（回归课本）
n. ①努力;尝试;企图
in an attempt to do sth 为了……
make an / no attempt to do sth 企图/没有企图做…
at the first attempt初次尝试
attempt at (doing) sth.做…的尝试
Exx: Two factories were closed (为削减费用).
They (没有企图逃跑).
I passed my driving test (初次尝试).
②企图谋杀某人make an attempt on sb’s life
Ex：Someone (企图刺杀总统)recently.
v．努力、尝试、试图
attempt to do sth.
attempt sth
Exx: Every time (我试图说服她), I’ve failed completely.
Weather conditions prevented them (试跳).
adj attempted 未遂的 谋杀/抢劫未遂
12. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.(回归课本)
on（the ）one hand…; on the other hand…一方面…;另一方面…
Ex：I want to sell the house, but , I can’t bear the thought of moving.
A．in other words B. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact
13. predict v. 预言、预告、预测
Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future? (回归课本)
predict sth
that/whether/what/how…
It was predicted that……据预测……
Ex: The report (预言将失去更多工作岗位)in the coal industry.
预测地震/结果
n. prediction. 预言;预测
14．specific. adj
①具体的;明确的 I gave you （非常明确的指示）.
②特定的 Children’s television programmes (针对特定年龄段).
③特有的；独特的 是……特有的
Ex: It is a disease (马特有的).
Period 2 Learn about language
教材分析与导入设计
本节教材分析
（1）三维目标
Knowledge and skills
1. To help the students learn to how to use the following important new words and phrases freely: adapt, possess, attempt, a great deal; typical, predict, specific, on the other hand.
2．To help the students to understand and use the following important and useful
sentence patterns：
(1)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
(2)There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists，many
painting styles might not exist.
Process and methods
1．To help the students to understand the meanings of the above useful new word and expressions in the context，and then give some explanations about them, and at last offer some exercises to make students master their usages．
2．To ask the students to make up their own sentences by imitating the above
patterns．
3．At the end of the class，make students do more exercises for consideration. In doing so，they can learn，grasp and use these important language points well.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students’interest in learning English．
2．To develop students’sense of cooperation and teamwork．
（2）教学重点
1.Words and expressions：
adapt, possess, attempt, a great deal; typical, predict, specific, on the other hand.
2.Patterns
(1)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
(2)There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists，many
painting styles might not exist.
(3) Some difficult and long sentences in the text．
（3）教学难点
There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists，many
painting styles might not exist.
（4）教学建议
1.About the words and expressions, the teacher can give the students the usage of them and then do some exercises to practice them or give the students some sentences to learn and summarize their usage.
2. About the difficulties of this period, “The subjunctive mood with a prepositional phrase "without…;but for…”in place of clause”, the teacher had better give the students some examples to understand and then summarize their usage.
新课导入：
导入一:
Play a word game for the students to go over all the new words and expressions in the waming-up, pre-reading, reading and comprehension.
realistic-----coincidence/controversial/conventional/consequently---evident---technique/typical---
larva (【动】幼虫;幼体)---aim/abstract/attempt/a great deal/adopt---masterpiece---(educator)---rediculous---superb/shadow/sculpture---(belief)—faithfully/faith-----(hug)---gallery---(yelp)—possess/ possession
and at the same time write the important words on the blackboard.
导入二:
Ask the students to recite some important sentences from the waming-up, pre-reading, reading and comprehension.and at the same time show slides to give the students the important language points on the screen.
Period 2
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
1. Retell the text.
2. Read aloud your writing on a painting.
Step2 Consolidation
How much do you know about the Chinese art?
landscape 风景画 figure drawing 人物画
water color 水彩画 oil painting 油画
handicraft手工艺carvings雕刻
murals壁画 pottery陶艺
sketch 速写 imitating临摹
charcoal drawing素描
life drawing写生
folk paper cutting民间剪纸
Step 3 Language points
T: Now let’s learn some language points of the text.
1．There are so many different styles of Western art that it would be impossible to describe all of them in a short text．
So…that…如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句，句型结构如下：
so+adj/adv+that…
so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)+that
so many/few +n (复数)+that
so much/little (不可数)+that
_____that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西）
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
Key: B
2. In the Renaissance, new ideas and values took the place of those that were held in the Middle Ages.
take the place of 代替，替代
知识拓展
take place 发生，举行
take one‘s place 就座, 入座
take sb.’s place 代替某人; 接替某人的位置
give place to 为…取代；让位于
in place 在通常的位置，在适当的位置
in place of 代替
out of place 在错误的位置；在不适当的位置
1. When did the accident _____________exactly?
2. I’ll __________________my father for a while.
3. I’ll __________________for a while.
Keys:
1. take place 2.take the place of 3.take my father’s place
3.People became focused more on humans and less on religion．
focus on 聚焦于;(使)集中(注意力)于
focus one’s attention on a problem 集中注意力于同一问题
知识拓展
concentrate /centre on… 集中
1. I’ll____________the main group of people over there.
2. All the eyes ________________him.
Keys: 1．focus on 2 were focused on
4. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene.
convince vt. 使确信；说服 常用句型如下:
知识拓展
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事
convinced adj. 确信的；深信的。常作表语，构成be convinced that / of等结构，意思与convince结构相同。
convincing adj. 有说服力的
1. I was convinced that he knew the truth.
2. I couldn’t convince him of his mistake.
3. The doctor convinced me to stop smoking.
4. The more he said, the less convincing he was.
5. The style of Western art has changed many times, while Chinese art has changed less often.
while用来表示对比或转折,意为"而;然而"。如:
Some people waste food while others haven‘t enough.
You like sports, while I prefer music.
Exercise:
She thought I was praising her child，_____，in fact，I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school.
A. what B. while C. so that D. therefore
知识拓展
①引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;和……同时",此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。如:
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如:
We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.
While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes.
He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation.
②表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。如:
You don‘t have to worry while we are here.
There will be life while there is water and air.
While there is life, there is hope.
常用短语:
__________________ 过了一会儿,不久
__________________ 暂时,一时
__________________ 不久
__________________ 偶尔,有时
Keys: after a while for a while in a short while once in a while
6. The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes.
Attempt V.①企图，试图；努力②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n. (1) 企图或努力 (2) 袭击；攻击
an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击
Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_________. A intention B attempt C purpose D desire
7. In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal.
a great/ good deal, 意为“大量”。该短语可以用作名词或副词。
I have accomplished ___________in the last few months.? 在过去几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。
He ran ____________faster than I.
他跑得比我快得多。
a great/good deal of为形容词，只接不可数名词。
The storm did a great deal of material damage.?
暴风雨造成了大量物质损失。
Keys: a great deal a great deal
其它意为“许多;大量”的还有:
修饰可数名词
many a few a good/great many a large/ big great/ / small number of many a +单数名词 more than one +单数名词
修饰不可数名词
much a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数) large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
8. Nowadays, there are scores of modern art styles.
scores of 很多 a score 二十
scores of 前不能加数词
1._____________(很多) people attended the special performance.
2.____________________（有40人）those people wanted to fly there.
3.I have heard that ___________(很多)times.
4._______________（有20人）people were present at the party.
Keys:
1. Scores of 2. Two score of 3. scores of 4. A score of
Step 4 Check exercises.
Keys to Exercises 3 and 4 on Page 3.
Exercises 3:
real, impress, symbol, shadow, religion, attempt,
value, aim, predict, believe, Europe, ridicule
Exercises 4:
1. aim 2.symbol 3.possessions 4.Europe 5.abstract 6.focus on
Step 5 Homework
1. Learn all the useful words and expressions by heart.
2. Preview “Discovering useful structure”.
Period 2 Learn about Language
Teaching procedures & ways:
Step I Revision
Check the students’ homework and let one read their work.
Ask Ss to speak out the time expressions they underlined as homework
Ask a student to retell the short history of western painting
Ask Ss to discuss the questions in Exercise 3 on page 3 in groups of 4.
Art is influenced by beliefs of the people, the way of life and so on.
Step II Language points
Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is a speaking picture.
画是无言的诗, 诗是有声的画。
2. Good painting is like good cooking; it can be tasted, but not explained
好的画犹如佳肴，可以品其美味，却无法解释。
3. would rather宁愿，宁可
I would rather walk than take a bus.
She would rather die than lose her child.
would rather do sth.
would rather not do sth.
would rather do sth. rather than do sth.
prefer sth. to sth.
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
I always prefer starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
4. 认为，看待
Consider + n. + adj./ n. + to be/ n. + as /+that-clause/ it + adj. / + n.+ to do sth.
We consider that you are not to blame.
Do you consider it wise to interfere?
I consider you( to be )honest.
5. 比较suit, fit ,match
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等
fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”
match多指大小、色调，形状、性质等方面的搭配
1) No dish suits all tastes. 没有人人合口味的菜。
2) Try the new key and see if it fits the keyhole.
试试新配的钥匙，看看与锁眼是否吻合。
3) The people’s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully.
人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门陪衬得极为优美。
6. attempt v.试图，企图，尝试
The prisoner attempted an escape / to escape.
She will attempt to beat the world record.
n. They made no attempt to escape.
比较 attempt: 表示未知结果的尝试或失败的尝试
manage: 表示成功的尝试
7.painting (油、水彩）画
drawing（素描）图
sketch草图
portrait肖像
illustration 插图
A painting of sb某人的画
A painting by sb某人画的画
8. abstract adj . n . V
an abstract painting 抽象画
in the abstract 抽象地
abstract …from… 从…中提取
9.detailed adj./n. detailed information in detail 详细地
Reading
10. belief 相信，看法
It’s my belief that he will win.
It was once a common belief that the earth is flat.
Their beliefs in God are very firm. 信仰，信条
The rumor is beyond belief. beyond belief难以置信
n---v: belief--- believe life --- live proof--- prove safe--- save thief --- thieve
11. while
Some people respect him, while others look down upon him . ( 表对比 )
12.influence v. n.
The weather in summer influences the rice crops .
He has no influence over his children .
搭配：Have an influence on /upon …对…有影响
Under the influence of … 受….的影响 ，被 …左右
Influential adj. 有影响的; 有势力的
The Middle Ages (5th to …)
13.aim n. v. What is your aim in life ? He aimed the gun at a bird .
搭配：:achieve one’s aim达到目的 miss one’s aim未击中目标without aim 无目的的
14.take the place of = replace
“ please take your place , everyone ,” said John Smith .”
From now on I will take the place of Mr.George as chairman of the meeting .
15.focus vt. Vi . focus on 集中于 All eyes were focused on the speaker .
16. possession n.所有，占有;（ pl ）所有物，财产personal possessions
Compare:
in possession of (主动） / in the possession of （被动）
v. possess n . possessor
17.convince vt 使确信，使信服
I managed to convince them that the story was true.
搭配：convince sb of sth = convince sb that … 使… 相信
be convinced of sth = be convinced that …相信…
Translation :
我怎样才能让你相信她的诚实呢？How can I convince you of her honesty?
她说的话使我认识的我错了。What she said convinced me that I was mistaken .
Impressionism (late 19th to…)
18. 修饰不可数名词：a great /good deal of / a great amount of
修饰可数名词: a large /great number of ;large/great numbers of ;a great /good many dozens of / scores of
修饰不可数名词或不可数名词: a lot of / lots of ; a large quantity of /large quantities of/plenty of
19.mostly adv . ( =mainly , largely )大部分的，主要的
They are mostly students.
most pron . adj . adv
This is the most I can do for you.
Peter made the most mistakes of all the class.
What interested you most? ( 最)
Most students say that it is a most interesting book, but it isn’t the most interesting they have read , and that they read such books mostly on weekends.
20.lead to
The heavy rain leads to serious floods.
Lead to / lie in
Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness. (result in / result from)
21. shadow n.
The willow’s shadow falls on the lake .
shadow （阴影、影子---指一个平面）
shade （树阴、阴影---指一个立体空间）
Stay in the shade ------it’s cooler . (阴凉处)
The shadows of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on.
随着下午时光的延续，树影会越来越长。
Step III Suffixation
Let Ss learn some uses of suffixes
Ask Ss what suffix is ( A suffix is a particle, which is added to the end of a root.
Suffixes usually do not change the meaning of the root, but can change its part of speech. For example: lead (v.)---leadership (n.); ill(adj.)---illness(n.) But sometime, some suffixes add new meaning to the newly formed words. For example: meaning---meaningless; think--- thinker
Suffixes used as a noun signifier
Verb
Adjective
Suffix
Noun
read
-er
reader
act
-or
actor
train
-ee
trainee
build
-ing
building
attend
-ance
attendance
punish
-ment
punishment
invent
-tion
invention
sick
-ness
sickness
special
-ist
specialist
true
-th
truth
Suffixes used as an adjective signifier
Noun
Verb
Suffix
Adjective
wind
-y
windy
adventure
-ous
adventurous
hope
-ful
hopeful
hero
-ic,(-ical)
heroic
nation
-al
national
care
-less
careless
trouble
-some
troublesome
depend
-ent/-ant
dependent
comfort
-able/-ible
comfortable
act/imagine
-ive/-tive -ative/-itive
active
imaginative
second
-ary
secondary
change
-able
changeable
annoy
-ing
annoying
excite
-ed
excited
Suffixes used as an adjective signifier
Adjective
Noun
Suffix
Verb
broad
fright
-en
broaden, frighten
simple
-fy
simplify
modern
-ize(-ise)
modernize
Step IV Practice
Get the Ss to review the uses of verbs, nouns and adjectives.
Parts of Speech
Nouns
Verb
Adjective
Subject
☆
Object
☆
Predicate
☆
Predicative
☆
☆
☆
Objective Complement
☆
☆
Attribute
☆
Then practice Exercises 2, 3 & 4 on page 42.
Step V Homework
Prepare to learn the grammar of the subjunctive mood.
课时训练
I. 用aim，impression，possess，aggressive，predict的适当形式填空
1. Teamwork is required in order to achieve the __________.
2. In the late 19th century __________painters developed a new style of painting.
3. He lost all his __________in the fire.
4. Being __________is very important to a businessman.
5. It’s difficult to make accurate __________about the effects on the environment.
II. 用适当的介词或副词填空
6. The garden of this lovely mansion is __________worth visiting.
7. Zhang Daqian is considered __________ one of the greatest artists in China.
8. This museum will display paintings __________such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh and Picasso.
9. Weifang is well known __________kites and the New Year pictures.
10. You can not find him; he is__________ holiday.
III. 根据汉语提示完成句子
11. Greece is __________（被认为）the cradle of Western civilization.
12. It rained __________（一直）last week.
13. He comes to see me __________（每隔几天）.
14. Do you have __________（固定工作）now?
15. This work of art is __________（价值连城）.
IV. 单项填空
16. They __________to escape from prison last month, and now the police are still tracking them down.
A. attempted B. succeeded C. managed D. tried
17. Do you think the Labor Party will __________?
A. get it elected B. get elected C. get to be elected D. get it electing
18. The oil companies gave us some housing and ran clinics and even schools, but __________ they didn’t give us much say in our own affairs.
A. on the contrary B. on the other hand
C. as the consequence D. instead
19. We finally __________a decision __________ we put off the plan of our outings.
A. made; which B. reached; that
C. drew; why D. got; that
20. __________that his son was out of danger, he fell asleep at ease after two sleepless nights.
A. Convinced B. Convincing
C. To convince D. Having convinced
21. --We __________gas. I’m afraid we can’t go much further.
--I know there’s a gas station ahead. Sure it will last us till we get there.
A. run out B. have run out
C. are running out of D. have run out of
22. I can’t concentrate __________ what I’m doing while the noise is going on.
A. on B. at C. in D. to
23. The Great Britain __________England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland.
A. makes up B. is made up of
C. is made up D. is made of
24. Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard __________before.
A. the better one B. the best one
C. a better one D. a good one
25. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time __________?
A. we are going home B. if she leaves
C. we went home D. if she had left
26. They have adopted three orphans __________their own three children so that, altogether, they have six children now.
A. besides B. except C. beside D. instead of
27. --I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.
--That’s all right, but I wish he __________buy one of his own.
A. would B. should C. will D. must
28. My family consider __________a computer, which is considered __________ a great help in our work and study.
A. to buy; to be B. buying; being
C. to buy; being D. buying; to be
29. --May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters?
--Sorry, but all of them are out to __________the main events of the day.
A. get B. find C. cover D. search
30. It’s not right that the meeting __________off till tomorrow.
A. must be put B. must put
C. will be put D. be put
V. 阅读理解
A
For twenty or thirty years Ernest Faber had owned cars of different sorts, and had driven them regularly, not only in England, but also in many countries of Europe and the Middle East. He was glad to think that he was an experienced driver, because he heard frequent complaints about the difficulties of passing the driving tests in these modern days. He was told that people tried unsuccessfully to pass the test five, seven, or even thirteen times. He heard of one man who failed the test, did no driving at all for a month, and then passed the next test without difficulty. One woman said that she failed several times in one part of the country. And so she went to another town and immediately passed. Faber was not sure whether to believe such stories or not. But he began to think that the results of the tests were frequently unreasonable.
Although it did not affect him in the least, Faber grew angry about all this. He decided to take the test himself. He was an excellent driver, and if he failed, that would prove that his doubts about the examiners were correct. And then he would write to the newspapers to tell everyone what happened.
About two months later the following letter appeared in one of the leading papers of England:
“Dear sir,
During the last twenty-seven years I have driven cars thousands of miles in thirteen different countries in all sorts of weather, and have never had an accident. I have never damaged anything belonging to anybody, and I have never seen the inside of a court of justice. I can take a motor-car engine to pieces and put it together again, and I have given driving lessons to men and women who have later passed the test. No policeman has ever said a sharp word to me. I am not a stupid person, and I have two university degrees.
For some time, I have felt doubtful about the driving test held in this country, because their results often seem unreasonable. I therefore decided that the time had come to test the examiners themselves. If anyone can drive a car, I can. I therefore paid the pound and sent my application in. It is unnecessary to tell you that I did not mention my great experience, my unusual ability as a driver, or my wide and exact knowledge of cars.
The day of the test came.
I very much regret to inform you that I passed.
Yours faithfully,
Ernest Faber”
31. Faber’s driving experience made him __________.
A. surprised B. satisfied C. destroyed D. troubled
32. It was said that the driving tests in different parts of the country were __________.
A. not equally difficult
B. getting more and more difficult
C. intended to discourage women from driving
D. intended to discourage people from owning cars
33. When Faber decided to take the test, __________.
A. he knew that he could do it free of charge
B. he expected to get a driver’s license
C. he wondered if he was an excellent driver
D. he thought even he himself might fail the test
34. The letter tells us that the driving test is __________.
A. difficult B. unfair
C. reasonable D. unbelievable
B
Imagine that you are on a jury（陪审团）and you hear the testimony of an eyewitness who says that the accused person is guilty. You would probably vote to convict the accused, don’t you think? Well, more often than not, you’d be wrong.
A few years ago, an experiment was done on an evening news show on WNBC in New York. Viewers were shown a film of what seemed to be a mugging. In this simulation（模拟）,a man snatched a woman’s purse. He then knocked her down and ran face forward at the camera so that the viewers got a good look at him. Viewers were then shown a lineup of six men. They were asked to decide if the mugger was in the lineup and, if so, to tell which one he was. In effect, then, they had seven choices. The suspect（嫌疑犯）was either one of the six or he wasn’t even in the lineup.
Of the 2 145 people who called up to respond, 1843 were wrong. That means about one in seven was right. This is what you’d expect from random choice.
Eyewitness’s accounts can be the most convincing evidence presented to a jury. Yet we are finding out that such accounts can be faulty. Something is just wrong. Why is this so? Recent findings have removed doubts on whether memory can last long. We also know that it can be changed by things such as leading questions. Mistaken eyewitness accounts are common. They are also the major cause, of innocent（无罪的）persons being convicted in the United States.
35. The underlined words “to convict the accused” probably mean __________.
A. to show that the accused person is wrong
B. to express that the accused person is true
C. to declare that the accused person is guilty
D. to explain that the eyewitness is dangerous
36. Of the people who called up to respond, __________.
A. half of them were right
B. 2145 were on a jury
C. six out of seven were wrong
D. 1843 made seven choices
37. We also know that __________can be changed.
A. evidence B. memory C. eyewitness D. accounts
38. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Evidence should be more convincing.
B. Eyewitness’s accounts can be wrong.
C. Not all judges are good at their jobs.
D. Major causes of innocent persons are being convicted.
参考答案
1. aim 2. impressionist
3. possessions 4. aggressive
5. predictions
6. well 7. as 8. by 9. for 10. on
11. considered to be 或considered as
12. all the time
13. every few days
14. a permanent job
15. priceless
16~20 CBBBA 21~25 CABCC
26~30 AADCD
31. B 考查推理判断。根据文章的叙述可知，Ernest Faber是一位好司机，自然会对自己的驾驶经验感到非常“满意”。第一段前半部分“He was glad to think that he was an experienced driver…”和下文中信的内容给出了暗示。
32. A 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“One woman said that she failed several …and immediately passed.”可推断，有人认为不同地区的驾驶测验难易程度不同。
33. D 考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，Ernest Faber参加测验的目的是想证明自己对测试者本身的怀疑，假如真像人们传说的那样，自己也许无法通过。C项有一定的干扰性，但从文中可以看出他对自己的能力毫不怀疑。
34. C 考查推理判断。根据信中的最后一句话可知，他通过了测验，由此可证明测验本身还是“合理”的。这与第一段最后一句他当初对测验本身合理性的怀疑形成对照。
35. C 考查词义猜测。根据常识可推测，听完目击者的证词，很可能会相信被指控的人有罪。另外，结合本段前后之间的逻辑关系也可以判断此项正确。
36. C 考查推理判断。第三段中提到“That means about one in seven was right.”，由此可推断6/7的人是错误的。
37. B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Recent findings …can be changed by things such as leading questions.”可知此项正确。
38. B 考查主旨大意。文章第一段提到，轻易相信目击者的话经常会发生错误，最后一段又对此作了强调，所以此项最能说明文章的大意。
Unit 1 Art Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．Thinking of his suggestion constructive, the headmaster it.
答案：adopted
2．Teaching theories should not focus on the form, but on the students.
答案：abstract
3．My riches consist not in the extent of my , but in the fewness of my wants.
答案：possessions
4．She her gun at the target but missed it.
答案：aimed
5．Before they fled the country, the enemy vainly to destroy all the factories.
答案：attempted
6．The old nurse has served the family for thirty years.
答案：faithfully
7．No one can what will happen in ten thousand years.
答案：predict
8．It was a that he was born on his mother’s birthday.
答案：coincidence
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．— I spent my summer holiday in London.
— What a ________！ So did I.
A．coincidence B．conclusion
C．consequence D．celebration
解析：选A。考查名词辨析。根据So did I可知，说话人也是在伦敦度过暑假的，所以是个巧合(coincidence)。conclusion“结论”；consequence“结果；后果”；celebration“庆祝”。
2．I once ________ to read an English novel, but there were so many new words that I had to give up halfway.
A．attempted B．managed
C．offered D．pretended
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。根据后半句“但因为生词太多而被迫中途放弃”可知，“我曾经试图读过一本英文小说”。attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”，符合题意。manage to do sth.“设法做成功某事”；offer“主动提出”；pretend“假装”。
3．Having lost all their ________ in a big fire, the Blacks had to depend on their friends and relatives for a living.
A．galleries B．reputations
C．signatures D．possessions
解析：选D。考查名词辨析。句意：由于他们在一场大火中失去了一切，Black一家不得不靠朋友和亲戚生活。possession用复数形式表示“财产”，符合题意。gallery“画廊”；reputation“名声”；signature“签名”。
4．— Instead of lending a hand, Jim just stood by, laughing at us in trouble.
—Oh, it’s ________ of him to be so cold-hearted.
A．conventional B．typical
C．ridiculous D．aggressive
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：“Jim非但没有伸出援手，反而站到一边，嘲笑陷入困境的我们。”“噢，他一向这么冷酷无情。”句型“it is typical of sb.to do sth.”表示“某人通常……；一向……；……是某人的特点”，符合语境。
5．Scientists and doctors across the world have done ________ research over the years, hoping to find a cure for cancer.
A．a great deal of B．a good many
C．quite a few D．a large number of
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。句意：这些年来，世界各地的科学家和医生们进行了大量的研究，希望能找到治疗癌症的办法。research为不可数名词，选项中只有a great deal of可修饰不可数名词；其它选项均修饰可数名词复数。
6．I’d like to take a vacation this summer, but ________， I don’t want to miss the conference in mid-July.
A．what’s more B．by the way
C．on the other hand D．as a matter of fact
解析：选C。考查短语辨析。“我想今夏休假”与“我又不想错过7月中旬的会议”是矛盾的两个方面，故on the other hand (另一方面)符合语境。what’s more“另外”；by the way“顺便说”；as a matter of fact“实际上”。
7．The local government has taken some effective measures, ________ at cutting down the cost during the tough economy.
A．pointing B．approving
C．managing D．aiming
解析：选D。句意：当地政府采取了一些有效措施，目的是在经济困难时期减少开销。aim at意为“以……为目的”，aiming at ...在此用作状语。
8．Among the workers who built the stadium ________， who used to live in the countryside.
A．are the peasants B．the peasants are
C．were the peasants D．the peasants were
解析：选C。句子主干Among the workers were the peasants是倒装句，倒装形式是“表语＋be＋主语”。正常语序是the peasants were among the workers。根据从句时态可知应用一般过去时。
9．One way to know what techniques to use is to study the techniques that good readers use and then ________ them in your own reading.
A．accept B．admire
C．admit D．adopt
解析：选D。句意：想知道采用哪种技巧，一种方法就是研究优秀的读者所使用的方法，然后在你自己的阅读中加以采纳。adopt“采用；采纳”，符合题意。accept“接受”；admire“赞美；钦佩”；admit“承认”。
10．It was fairly ________ from her tone of voice that she disapproved.
A．informal B．evident
C．generous D．reliable
解析：选B。句意：从她说话的语调看，她显然不同意。evident“明显的；明白的”，符合题意。informal“非正式的”；generous“慷慨的”；reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
⊙山东、江西、浙江专用
A
He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one.He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later. But after his death, he achieved world fame. Today, Dutch artist Van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.
Now, 150 years after his birth on March 30, 1853, Zundert, the town of his birth, has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honor. And the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces, is marking the anniversary with exhibitions throughout the year. The museum draws around 1.3 million visitors every year. Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life. Others are interested in his life, which then helps them understand his art.
Van Gogh was the son of the mister. He left school when he was just 15.By the age of 27, he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher. Finally in 1880, he decided to begin his studies in art.
Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions (情感) into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene. His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes (绘画笔法)．“Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more freely, in order to express myself more forcibly，” he wrote in a letter to his brother in 1888.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life. He relied heavily on support from his brother, an art dealer who lived in Paris. But now his works are sold for millions of dollars. His portrait of Dr.Gacher sold for US DS| 89.5 million in 1990. It is the highest price ever paid for a painting. “I think his paintings are powerful and the brilliant color in them are attractive to people，” said a Van Gogh’s fan.
1．All through his life Van Gogh ________.
A．depended on his brother
B．worked hard on art studies
C．was not recognized by people
D．expressed himself in paintings
解析：选C。细节理解题。由第一段前两句“He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one.”可知，梵·高活着的时候没有得到人们的认可。故C项正确。
2．Van Gogh killed himself because of ________.
A．the poor life
B．his illness
C．the pain from his left ear
D．the refusal by artists of his time
解析：选B。细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知导致梵·高自杀的原因是他得了精神病。故B项正确。
3．One of the characteristics for Van Gogh’s paintings is ________.
A．the likeness between his paintings and the reality
B．the short time for him to complete a painting
C．the various styles mixed together
D．the special strokes he made
解析：选D。细节理解题。由第四段第二句“His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes”可知D项正确。
4．The selling of his paintings is considered to be the most successful because ________.
A．more and more people like his paintings
B．people can understand him through his paintings
C．1.3 million people visit his painting museum every year
D．Zundert has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year”in his honor
解析：选A。推理判断题。因为越来越多的人喜欢梵·高的作品，所以其才得以以高价出售，大获成功。故A项正确。
5．We can infer from the text ________.
A．his powerful art came from his poor life
B．his fellow townsmen regret treating him unfairly
C．all his paintings were drawn in the last 10 years of his life
D．most of his paintings are kept in the museum of his hometown
解析：选C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，梵·高在1880年投身于绘画艺术，1890年开枪自杀，由此可推断，他的作品都创作于生命中的最后十年。故C项正确。
B
Land Art, sometimes referred to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using physical landscapes to create art, taking art out of the museum and into the outside world. Modern Land Art movement really got going in the 1960s, when American artists began creating Land Art on a large scale. Today, works of modern Land Art can be seen all over the world, sometimes right alongside much older pieces of Land Art created by people who lived thousands of years ago.
Land art, which is not necessarily unchangeable, can take a number of forms. For example, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty (螺旋码头), made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake. The American artist made a large jetty in a spiral shape which sticks out into the waters of the lake.
Reshaping the landscape is a common feature of Land Art. It can be created by moving components (组成部分) around. People can also add things to the environment to create Land Art, like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty. It is possible to use plants. In all cases, Land Art is immovable.
Land Art is designed to evolve (逐步形成), change, and eventually decay (衰落)．That’s one of the biggest differences between Land Art and most of the art one sees in the museums. Some works of art can exist only for a few hours or days. Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they evolve and decay over time, which is part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artist.
6．From Paragraph 1, we can learn that ________.
A．Land Art aims to get people interested in nature
B．American artists were the first to create Land Art
C．Land Art was the most popular art in the 1960s
D．people have been creating Land Art for thousands of years
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的末句可知，地景艺术的存在有几千年的历史了。
7．All of the following are used to design the Spiral Jetty EXCEPT ________.
A．stones B．plants
C．salt D．mud
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“made of a collection of stones and mud”以及第三段第三句中“like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty”可知，在创造Spiral Jetty时，艺术家使用了石头、泥土和盐。
8．What do we know about Robert Smithson?
A．He is an American artist.
B．He is a pioneer in creating Land Art.
C．He created the most famous Land Art.
D．He lives near the Great Salt Lake.
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的the American artist可知Robert Smithson是美国的一名艺术家。
9．From the passage we know Land Art ________.
A．cannot exist for ever
B．can be moved everywhere
C．can be created in a few hours
D．can’t be changed once created
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，地景艺术不能永远存在。
10．Land Art is attractive to the artists partly because ________.
A．it makes use of the landscape around
B．it offers the artists a chance to change nature
C．it will develop and be destroyed gradually by natural
processes
D．it shows the extreme beauty of nature because artists use natural material
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段和最后一句可知地景艺术对艺术家来说有吸引力的一个原因是随着时间的流逝，它会发生变化，直至衰落。
Ⅳ.短文改错
As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are trying very hardly to get train tickets to go home. But I have made up my minds to spend the vacation far from home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed to visiting me, and I will have a different vacation. When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city just as well. I have decided to buy them some nice gift. It will be a big surprising for them. My parents had done a lot for me, and I think it is high time that I did anything special to express my thanks.
答案：第一句：are→is; hardly→hard
第二句：minds→mind; first前加the
第三句：visiting→visit
第四句：came→come
第五句：gift→gifts
第六句：surprising→surprise
第七句：had→have; anything→something
