Unit 2 Poems Period 3
学案
虚拟语气（一）
[语法导读] ?虚拟语气表示说话者的愿望、假设、怀疑或推测，所说的话或与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。我们现在就以下面这两个句子为例来迈入虚拟语气的大门。 1. He is busy now. If he were free, he would go with you. 2. I wish I could go to the movie with you tonight, but I have to finish my homework then. ?第1个句子中的“忙碌”是现在的事实，这样后面句子中的“空闲”则是与现在事实相反的假设，所以“和你一起去”也与现在事实相反。因此，if从句的谓语用一般过去式were（be动词的过去式一般用were），而主句的谓语用“would +动词原形”。 ?第2个句子中的主句的谓语是wish，从后面but表示的转折的意义看，“今晚我去看电影”是不现实的，所以从句的谓语用“could +动词原形”。
[寻规找矩] ?请观察下列几组句子，特别要注意其中谓语动词的不同形式。 1. a. If I were you, I would accept the invitation and attend the meeting. b. If he studied harder, he would pass all the examinations. 2. a. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round. b. Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. c. I wish it would stop raining soon so that we could go hiking as planned.
[功能小结] ?通过观察分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气的用法： ?一、虚拟语气用在条件句中 ?与现在事实相反：从句的谓语用一般过去式（be动词的过去式通常用were），主句的谓语用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。 ?二、虚拟语气用在wish引导的宾语从句中 ?在wish 后接的宾语从句中，谓语要用过去的某种时态表示虚拟语气。 ?1. 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用一般过去式； ?2. 表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“had +过去分词”或“could / would + have + 过去分词”； ?3. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“would / could + 动词原形”。
[即学即练] I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. I failed the exam. How I wish I ______ (remember) all those English words before the test! 2. If I ______ (be) ten years younger, I would accept the offer and do the job. 3. We wish we ______ (live) on the moon in the future. 4. I don’t know the word. If I ______ (know) the meaning of it, I wouldn’t have to look it up. II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Have you ever been to Beijing? — No, but I wish I ______. A. have????? B. will?C. do??????? D. had 2. If there were no water in the world, everything ______. A. will die ???? ?B. would die C. would have died?D. have died? 3. I wish that I ______ with you last night. A. could have gone?B. could go C. have gone ??D. went? 4. If I ______ you, I ______ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay? ?B. am; will pay? C. would be; would pay ?? D. were; would pay? 5. I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. wouldn’t have ?B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had ?D. haven’t had?
Key: I. 1. had remembered?2. were ???? 3. could live?? ?4. knew ?II. 1-5 DBADC
虚拟语气专练 1.——Did you submit(递交）your application for a Master’s degree(硕士学位）？ ——Not yet. If I_____ to see my father, I would have.” A. didn’t go??? B. haven’t gone??? C. wouldn’t have gone???? D. hadn’t gone 2.——Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings? ——I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I ____. A. Do????? B. would??????????? C. will?????????????? D. had 3.——Do you think the thief entered through the garage door? ——No, if he had, I don’t believe _____broken the living room window. A. would he have????? B. he had??? C. he would have???? D. he has 4._______I’d have told you. A.? If I would have known it???????? B.? If I had have known it C.? Had I know it????????????????? D.? Should I know it 5. I ____come yesterday, but I couldn’t. A. was to have?????? B. must???????? C. ought??????? D. have to 6.——It is raining, and I have no umbrella. ——Here’s mine, and I insist ____it. A. you to take??? B. that you take??? C. that you taking?? D. you taking 7. The professor gave orders that the test ____before 5:30. A. be finished???? B. will finish?? C .will be finished??? D. shall finish 8. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____an hour before the discussion begins. A. go????? B. shall go?????? C. will go??????? D. would go 9. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ____there. A. was????? B. were?????????? C. had been?????? D. went 10. She speaks as if she ____on the spot. A. was??????? B. were???????? C. had been???????? D. is 11. If I ______ten years younger, I _____ very happy. A. were, would be??? B. am, shall be?? C. were, shall be?? D. am, would be 12.—— You can ask your brother for help. —— He is not at home. If he ____, I _____. A. is, would????? B. were, would?????? C. is, will??????? D. were, will 13. If you ____the doctors advice, you would have already recovered. A. follow????? B. followed??? C. would follow?? D. had followed 14. If he had not missed the train, he _____by then. A. might get??? B. might have got??? C. got?? D. had got 15. What would you have done last night, if you _____to write your homework. A. hadn’t??? B. haven’t had?? C. didn’t have???? D. hadn’t had 16. —— Did you catch the plane? ——No. if I had hurried, I ______. A. would?????? B. would have??????? C. could??????? D. did 17. Why didn’t you tell him the truth?? If I _____you, I would have. A. were???? B. had been?????? C. am????? D. would be 18.——How do you like the party? ——Wonderful. If you had come with us,? you ____a good time. A. had????? B. had had?????? C. would have???? D. would have had 19. If I _____out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. A. didn’t run???? B. shouldn’t run??? C. haven’t run???? D. hadn’t run 20. If you _____early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon. A. have started??? B. were started?? C. were to start???? D. had started 21.——Did you hand in your application for a league member? ——Not yet. If I _____to see my father, I would have. A. didn’t go?? B. haven’t gone?? C. wouldn’t have gone??? D. hadn’t gone 22.——Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings? ——I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I _____. A. do??? B. would?? C. will??? D. had 23.——Do you think the thief entered through the garage door? ——No, if he had, I don’t believe ____broken the living room window. A. would he have??? B. he had?? C. he would have?????? D. he has 24.______I’d have told you. A. If I would have known it???????? B. If I had have known it C. Had I known it???????????????? D. should I know it 25. I ____come yesterday, but I couldn’t. A. was to have???? B. must????? C. ought????? D. have to
Keys: 1-5? DDCCA????????? 6-10? BAACB????????? 11-15? ABDBD? 16-20? BBDDC??????? 21-25? DDCCA
[语法导读] ?在上期我们已经给同学们介绍了if条件句中与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，这期我们将继续学习if条件句中与过去、将来事实相反的虚拟语气以及其他虚拟语气的用法。请注意观察并分析下列句子。 ?1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she had come, I would have met her. ?2. If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier. ?第1个句子中的“没看见”是过去的事实，这样if条件句中的“来”就与过去事实相反，“我看到她”也与过去事实相反。因此，从句的谓语用“had +过去分词”，主句的谓语用“would + have +过去分词”。 ?第2个句子中从句表达的“来”和主句表达的“是”都与将来事实相反，因此，从句的谓语用“were to +动词原形”，主句的谓语用“would +动词原形”。
[寻规找矩] ??? 请观察下列几组句子，特别要注意其中谓语动词的不同形式。 1. a. If he had studied harder, he would have passed the 2007 NMET. b. Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. 2. a. If I were to win the first prize in the contest, I would treat you to dinner at KFC. b. If I should be free tomorrow, I would come to see you. 3. a. If he had received six more votes, he would be our monitor now. b. If it hadn’t been for the doctors’ care, I wouldn’t be speaking to you now. 4. a. Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. b. He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. c. Under better conditions, the trees could have grown taller and thicker. d. But for the English test, I would have gone home this week.
[功能小结] ?通过观察分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气的用法： ?1. 与过去事实相反：从句的谓语用“had + 过去分词”，主句的谓语用“would / should / could / might + have +过去分词”。当从句的谓语中有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装语序。 ?2. 与将来事实相反：从句的谓语可以用一般过去式，也可用“were to / should + 动词原形”，主句的谓语用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。 ?3. 错综时间条件句：主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，对于这类虚拟条件句一定要注意主、从句各表示的时间，从而判断其谓语用什么形式。 ?4. 有些句子虽不含条件从句，但意思和条件句差不多，它们通过某些介词短语、副词来表达，如：without, otherwise, under ... conditions, but for等。
[即学即练] I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. If I had studied hard, I ______ (win) the scholarship now. 2. The Scottish speaks Chinese so well as if he ______ (be) to China before. 3. You ______ (not make) such a serious mistake if you had followed my advice. 4． If I ______ (know) that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. 5. If I ______ (do) the job, I would do it in a different way. II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. If it ______ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained????? B. would have rained C. have rained????? D. rained??? 2. ______ for your help, we’d never have been able to get out of trouble. A. Had it not been?B. If it was not C. If we had not been D. If there had not been?? 3. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get? B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get? D. had driven; wouldn’t have got? 4. If he ______ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call?B. should have called C. were able to call ? D. are able to call 5. ______ to give up, he would take my place. A. If were I? ?B. I were C. Were I ??D. Was I
Key: I. 1. would / could win????? 2. had been ?? 3. would not have made? 4. had known ?? 5. should / were to do II. 1-5 AADAC
Unit 2 Poems Period 3
教材分析与导入设计
（一）本节教材分析
（1）三维目标
Knowledge and skills
To enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly.
Process and methods
1.To let the students pick out the sentences with the subjunctive mood in the passage and ask them to translate them into Chinese to understand them.
2.To offer the students more examples to compare and help them to discover the structure of the subjunctive mood.
3.To do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on P 13 for the students to master the usage of the subjunctive mood.
4.Summarize the subjunctive mood with the students together.
5.To do more exercises for consolidation.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students’interest in learning English grammar．
2．To develop students’ability of comparing and summarizing．
（2）教学重点
To get the students to know and learn how to use the subjunctive mood.
（3）教学难点
To enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly.
（4）教学建议
This is the second period of the grammar. The teachers had better begin with what has been learned in Unit 1. In dealing with this part, It is better to give the students enough examples to fully understand the grammar.
（二）新课导入
导入一：Revision of what has been learned in Unit 1 about the subjunctive mood.
导入二：Ask the students to read through the passage A Few Simple Forms of English Poems and pick out the sentences with the subjunctive mood and translate them into Chinese.
Unit 2 Poems Period 3
新课教学过程（一）
Teaching goals
Target language
Important words
Appropriate , ending , compass
Important sentences
If she had stueide harder , she would have passed the exam.
If she had been there , she would have met some really interesting people.
2. Ability goals
a. Enable Ss to grasp the ways of writing poems.
b. Enable Ss to use subjunctive mood correctly.
3. Learning ability
Teach Ss how to write some poems and how to use subjunctive mood correctly.
Teaching important points
the way of writing poems.
Subjunctive Mood
Teaching difficult points
Using subjunctive mood correctly in different situations.
Teaching methods
Task-based learning
instructions
practice
Teaching aids
Multimedia
Teaching procedures & ways
Step 1. Greetings
Step 2. Warming up
Task1: Free talk------ why do you enjoy learning English?
T: I’m glad to see you again and I’m happy because we can enjoy English together. Do you enjoy learning English?
S: Yes . Because English is a very beautiful language.
S2: Because we can enjoy a lot of funny stories if we know English.
S3: Because we can communicate with foreigners in English.
S4: Because we can introduce China to foreigners if we know English.
S5……
T: Well done. If we did well in some way , people would know us. Now let’s talk about some famous persons. (Yao Ming , Liu Xiang , Madame Curie, Yuan Longping, Chinese Women Football Team)
Step 3. Presentation
Task2: Group talk-----Try to talk about the famous persons.
Q1: Why is Yao Ming famous ? S1: Because he played basketball very well. S2:…..
Q2: Why could Liu Xing succeed ? S1: Because he trained very hard. S2:……..
Q3: Why did Chinese Women Football Team lose the game? S1: Because they were tired…
Q4: Complete the sentence : They would win if they ……… S1:They would win if they had a good rest. S2:……
T: Just now we talked a lot about some persons .If we put these sentences together , they formed a kind of poem-----list poems..
Task3: Turn to page 13 , and do exercises 1 and 2.
Step 4. Grammar
Task4: Present some sentences on the blackboard , and ask Ss to tell the difference among them.
If I knew it , I would tell you.
If I had known it yesterday , I would have told you .
If I had known it , I would have told you.
If I had finished my homework , I would have gone to bed.
If I had known his telephone number , I would have made a phone to him.
S1: In these sentences , they use different tenses.
S2: They describe different situations.
S3:…………
T: Yeah . We can draw a conclusion as follows:
Verb forms
If –clause
The main sentence
The present situation
Ved
would /could/should/might +V
The past situation
had Ved
would/could/should/might +have Ved
Task5: Compare some special sentences and draw a conclusion.
A. Had I not seen it with my own eyes , I would not have believed it.
Were it not to rain tomorrow , we would have a picnic.
Should it rain tomorrow , we would have a picnic.
Conclusion: connect subjunctive mood with inversion.
B. If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital.
Conclusion: The situations in the clause and the main sentence are different.
C. If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
Conclusion: We should use different forms of verbs according to the different situations in the pattern: If only.
D. Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Conclusion: If there are some special prepositions just like without , but for in the sentences, we sometimes should use subjunctive mood.
Step5. Practice
Task6 : Do exercises 3 and 4 on page13.
Task7: Present some pictures and ask Ss to make up some sentences with subjunctive mood.
Picture1: A rocket
e.g ?If I were a designer , I would design a spaceship .
?If I were clever enough , I would have designed a spaceship.
Picture2: the universe
e.g.:?If I were an astronaut , I would travel into space.
?If I had been to space , I would have known what were there in space.
Picture3:a lot of money
e.g.:?If I had a lot of money , I would run a big company.
?If I had earned a lot of money , I would have built a lot of houses for the poor
Picture 4:the farmer and the snake
e.g.:?If the farmer hadn’t seen the snake , he wouldn’t have put it in the arms.
?If he hadn’t put it in the arms , the snake wouldn’t have bitten him.
?If the snake hadn’t bitten him , he wouldn’t have died
Task8: Do some exercises on screen.
Step 6: summary and homework
Do exercises 1-4 on page 50 and 51.
Unit 2 Poems Period 3
新课教学过程（二）
Teaching Aims:
Summarize the usage of the Subjunctive Mood, focusing on the ability of dealing with it.
Difficulty Points:
Compare the usage of the Subjunctive Mood in different situation.
Important Points:
Be familiar with the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.
Teaching Aids: Computer, Projector
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Lead in
1. Show Ss pictures of Slumdog Millionaire, ask Ss’ understanding about it and compare the differences of the film industry between Chinese and American.
1.If we ____ (start) making films earlier, we _________(make) more excellent films.
2.If there _ (be) more good plays / scrips , we __(may) produce more hot films.
3.If one day Chinese _______(become) an international language, our films ____ (win) a larger audience.
4. Exercises from impressive lines:
I would rather I __________ him. And how I wish the man that I met______ you, if so, I __________ a much happier life now.
“我宁愿自己没有遇见他。要是当年我遇见的人是你，我肯定比现在幸福得多。”
----《非诚勿扰》 女主角笑笑
I feel as if my heart _____________.(break)
“我（感觉自己）已经被撕碎了。”
----《非诚勿扰》 女主角笑笑
Step 2 Revision for Subjunctive-Mood
一 What do these sentences have in common?
the three basic structures of Subjunctive Mood
谓语动词变化规律
If条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反
过去式
should/could/would/ might+ V
与将来事实相反
1过去 式
2 were to do
3 should do
should/could/would/ might+ V
与过去事实相反
had done
should/could/would/ might+ have done
Consolidating exercises
? 1.I went to bed early last night, but I wish I ____ so.
? A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done
? C.haven’t done D. couldn’t do
? 2.How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
? A.has B.had C.will had D.had had
? 3. If we had realized these problems, our home films __ better today.
? A. might have been B. should have been
? C. could be D. could have been
? 4.__ I a director, I would focus on high school students and make a film about them.
? A. If B. was C. were D. am
? 5. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you _____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
二. What are your suggestions to Chinese Film Industry?
You suggested (that) …(should) do…
? His suggestion was that …(should) do…
? He offered the suggestion that …(should) do…
demand requestrequire propose advisesuggest ordercommand insist desire recommend
表示要求/建议/命令等名词性从句中从句用(should)+动词原形
(1) A family’s proposals to Chinese film industry
? Susan offered the advice that Chinese directors _____ (focus on) common life.
? Susan’s Mom insisted the price of the film __(be) too expensive and it _____(cut down).
? Susan’s Dad always demands that she _______(see) more home films, which suggests that he _ (be) a conventional man.
Consolidating exercises
1.It was ordered that no smoking ____ in the library.
A. should allow B. be allowed
C. will be allowed D. is allowed
2. His desire that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
3.He gave a recommend that they ____ each other.
A. helped B. must help C. help D. had helped
4.My request is that a few more people ___ there to help me.
A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent
5.Mr.Brown suggested our government _____ measures to control the spread of illegal copy of DVD, which suggested that he _____ a citizen caring about society.
A. take , was B. take, be C. took, were D. took, should be
6. Mrs. Brown has insisted on ____ to see a film once a week for 20 years, because she insists that appreciating movies in the cinema ____ far more interesting.
A. going, is B. go, is C. should go, be D. goes, be
三 Opinions about film industry
Without (but for) the efforts of acting groups（=If there hadn’t been the efforts of acting groups）, we ___________ (make) a blockbuster movie.
It’s lucky for us to have so many skilled actors, otherwise our lives_________ (be) so colorful.
If only all of us ________ (refuse) to buy illegal copies.
It’s time we __________________(protect) original copies.
It’s necessary that the problem of illegal copies __________ (solve) at once.
Our directors make more films about our history in case that our young generation ______ (forget) our traditional culture.
Recall:
几种特殊情况的虚拟语气
（1）含蓄虚拟— but for, without, otherwise (与if引导的虚拟句的主句时态一致)
（2）if only（did/ had done）
(3) lest, for fear that, in case…(should do)
(4) It’s necessary/ important that… (should do)
(5) It’s time that…
(did/ should do--should 不能省略)
Consolidating exercises
1. It’s time we____ action to develop Chinese film industry.
to take B. should take C. take D. would take
2. Without your help, we ____ such rapid progress.
A. couldn’t make B. wouldn’t make
C. will not have made D. wouldn’t have made
3. I went by plane; otherwise I ____ much longer time.
A.could take B.would take
C.will have taken D.would have taken
4.She closed the windows lest she ____cold.
A. is catching B. catches C. caught D. catch
四 Exercises from the College Entrance Examination.
1.---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.（上海29）
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
2.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______ (安徽26）
A. was busy B. is busy
C. had been busy. D. will be busy
3. If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (湖南29）
A. followed B. should follow
C. had followed D. would follow
4. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.(天津15）
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
5. George is talking about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.(江苏34）
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
6.If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （陕西15）
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
7. -The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .(北京34）
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die
C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
8. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . （10浙江10）
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be save D．was saved
9. But for the help of my English teacher, I____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (09福建35)
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
10. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津15)
A. would B. should C. could D. might
五 Pair-work
1. Enjoy a poem
—If We’d Been Better
We would have won...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we had trained harder,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won...
if we'd been better!
2. With the beginning of “If we……”, choose one title and make up a poem
We would be happier …
Our earth would be a better place…
We would lead a meaningful life …
六 Homework
1. Make up a poem with the topic sentence
“I would lead a different life”, using the repetition of “If I……”
2.Finish the exercise on English Weekly 49th part one.
课件22张PPT。Subjunctive mood Revision 1. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形should/ would /could/ might+动词原形had+过去分词should/ would/could
/might + have+过去分词should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形1.should+动词原形
2.动词过去式
3.were to+动词原形2.wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气过去时（were）had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形He wished he _____________________in such affairs. (involve) I wish I ______a bird. (be)had never been involvedwere3.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气 一个坚持 ______________
两道命令 ______________
三点建议 __________________________
四项要求 __________________________这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should) tell him the news. insist order, command advise, suggest, propose demand, require, request, desire 虚拟语气(二)
the Subjunctive Mood ?在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。例：
My suggestion is that we （should） go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we （should ）put on a play at the English evening? My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.一、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气It is strange that____________________.
他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that____________________.
他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。
It is natural that__________________________.
鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。
It is necessary that_____________________________.
有必要立即派他去北京。 二、It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形he ( should ) say sohe ( should ) think soa bird ( should ) rest in treeshe be sent to Beijing right away三、在It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / etc. 结构中要使用虚拟语气。如： It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.
根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。
It is arranged that he________________________. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。
It is suggested that______________________
_____________________.
有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 leave for Canada on Fridaythe English evening beheld on SaturdayI would rather you could teach me again.
I would rather___________________.
我宁愿他们明天来。
The manager would rather that his secretary_______________________________.
经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。
四、would rather 后的宾语从句would rather that与现在事实相反 过去时
与过去事实相反? 过去完成时
与将来事实相反? 过去时they came tomorrowwent to the meeting instead of him以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。如： The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened. The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though?? B. even if???? C. as????? D. since 五、as if， as though引导的从句六、由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。If only I had passed the test ！ If only it stopped raining！
比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up __________the alarm clock rings.
只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 ___________the alarm clock had rung.
当时闹钟响了，就好了。 ___________he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 only ifIf onlyIf onlyIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. It is high time that_________________.
该是我们吃午饭的时候了。
It is time that____________________.
该是他作出决定的时候了。 七、It is (high) time that we had our lunchhe made up his mind八、虚拟语气的其它用法 在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如： Would you mind smoking here ？ May you be lucky！ Long live the people of China ！ God save me.Multiple choices1.It was urgent that he _________ her immediately.
A. calls B. called C. call D. would call
2. It’s high time that something _________ to prohibit selling fake commodities.
must be done B. was done
C. be done D. were done
3. There was a traffic jam; otherwise I ____ here on time
A. would be B. had been ?
C. should be D. would have been
4.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.
? A.? was? B.? were? C.? had been? D.? went
5.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
? A.? give? B.? should give?
C.? be given?? D.? would be given
6. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.
? A.? will happen? B.? happens?
C.? should happen?? D.? happened
7. I’d rather you ___ right away.
? A.? leave?? B.? left?? C.? will leave? D.? to leave
8. It is required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive?B. arrive??C. arrived????D. would arrive
9. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
had known????? B. would know?????
C. should know???? D. knew 1 .(2011全国卷) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will B.can C.must D.should高考实战Discovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 2:1. If you had come earlier,
you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.2. If Rob hadn’t injured himself,
we would have won.3. If there had not been an exchange programme.
he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.EADPage 134. If she had studied harder,
she would have got the diploma.5. If the poet had not written such a beautiful poem about this place,
it would not have become so famousBCAnswer key for Exercise 3:had paid, would not have missed
would lend, had
won, would spend
didn’t write, would spend
were, would take it easy
had been, would have felt句型练习 翻译下列句子1.我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。
2.如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。
3.万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。
4.我希望我十年前认识他。Thank You !Unit 2 Poems Period 3
课时训练
【A组：基础过关】
1、Now,then,children,it is time you______________.
A.washed and dress
B.are washed and dressed
C.will wash and dress
D.were washed and dressed
2、—The accident might not have happened had we been more careful.
—But we______________ at that time.
A.don’t B.didn’t C.hadn’t D.weren’t
【答案】D
【解析】上句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；下句是过去的客观事实。
3、—Could you tell me how to do this exercise?
—Well,if you______________ to the teacher carefully yesterday,you______________ how to do it now.
A.had listened;would know
B.listened;would have know
C.would listen;know
D.has listened;knew
【答案】A
【解析】考查if条件从句的虚拟语气。句意为：“告诉我怎么做这道练习题，好吗？”“好呀。如果你昨天认真听讲，现在你就知道怎么做了。”根据语境答语应为事实相反的假设，因此要用虚拟语气，注意if条件从句是与过去事实相反，而主句是与现在事实相反。故选A项。
4、He______________ice cream on the beach if his father______________last year,leaving nothing but debts (欠债).
A.were to be selling；should die
B.would be selling；had not died
C.would not be selling；had not died
D.would not be selling；had died
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。这句话的意思是:“如果不是他父亲去年去世了,只是留下了债务的话,他现在就不用在海滩上卖冰激凌了。”这个句子使用了混合虚拟语气的形式,主语的动词与现在相反,故用“情态动词+v.”的形式,这里强调正在进行,故用其进行时态;从句是与过去的动作相反,故用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式,因此选C项。
5、But for the snow,we______________earlier.
A.will arrive B.would arrive C.could arrive D.should have arrive
6、They suggested that the library______________open during the vacation.
A.was kept B.would be kept
C.is kept ??? D.be kept
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意为“他们建议图书馆应该在假期时继续开放”。suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句中通常用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
7、Had you listened to me, you_________ in trouble now.
A. are not?????????????????????B. were not
C. would not be??????????? D. would not have been
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中, 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设, 主句表示现在可能会出现的状况, 主句中常常加now, today等时间状语, 这时主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。句意:你要是早听我的话, 现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。
8、—Did you visit the Palace Museum?
—No. We _________ it. But we spent too much time shopping in Beijing.
A. can’t have visited
B. could have visited
C. must have visited
D. shouldn’t have visited
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。最后一句是事实, 表示“但是我们花了太多的时间在北京逛商店”, 所以前面的一句应该是一种虚拟情况, 表示“我们本来能够做的”, 用could have done。
9、We have finally finished it!When _________ the job if we had started it three days earlier?
A. may we finish
B. could we finish
C. could we have finished
D. may we have finished
10、I’d rather_________ rudely to her yesterday.
A. you not speak
B. your not speaking
C. you didn’t speak
D. you hadn’t spoken
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。would rather后也可跟从句, 表示主语“宁愿……”, 这时, 从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 与过去情况相反要用过去完成时。句意:我真希望昨天你对她讲话没有那么粗鲁。
【B组：能力突破】
1.(2011全国卷) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will B.can C.must D.should
答案 D
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过……吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
2、（2011北京卷）——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
答案 A
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
3、（2011北京卷）Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
答案 C
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
4、（2011天津卷）I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
答案 D
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
5、（2011江苏卷）——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
答案 B
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
6、（2011陕西卷）I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
答案 A
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
7、（2011江西卷23）It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t
答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许；can’t 不可能；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不；needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。
8、（2011江西卷）We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。
9、Regulations require______________needs special diets______________the cooking manager in advance.
A.who;informs
B.whom;informed
C.whomever;inform
D.whoever;inform
答案D
解析在require后的宾语从句中往往使用虚拟语气， “...require(that) sb.(should) do”；并且whoever作从句的主语，因此选D项。
10、—Don’t you want to go to karaoke bar with us?
—I wish I______________,but I have an appointment.
A.might B.could C.would D.should
1、Had Wang Ling received six more votes in the election of our class,he_______________ our monitor now.
A.must have been B.would have been C.were D.would be
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。从句省略了if,而把had放到了句首。这句话的意思是:“如果王玲在我们班的选举中多得六票的话,她就成为我们现在的班长了。”从句是与过去相反的虚拟语气形式,故谓语动词用了had received;主句是与现在相反的虚拟语气形式,谓语动词应该用“情态动词+v.”的形式,故选D项。
【答案】D
12、Were it not for the fact that his father is general manager of the company,he_______________ the job.
A.will never get ???? B.will never have got
C.would never get D.would never have got
13、—Will you go home after this examination?
—Of course.But if it_______________ rain tomorrow,I wouldn’t.
A.will B.shall C.would D.should
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。这是与将来相反的虚拟条件句。从句应用“should+动词原形,或动词的过去式,或were to+动词原形”的形式,故选D项。
【答案】D
14、I think it advisable that he_____________ for Tokyo soon.
A.leave B.may leave C.will leave D.leaves
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。表示建议等的动词如suggest,advise,demand等后面的宾语从句以及这些词的同根名词后面跟着的同位语从句中的谓语动词要用“should + v.”的形式,should可以省略。这些动词的同根形容词用在“It is +adj.+ that从句”结构中时,that从句中的谓语动词也要用“should + v.”的虚拟语气形式。
15、Had you listened to the doctor,you_____________ all right now.
A.are
B.were
C.would be
D.would have been
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中，从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句表示现在可能会出现的状况，主句中常常加now,today等时间状语。这时主句应该用would/should/could/might+动词原形。这句话的意思是：你要是早听医生的话，现在你就会好了。
二、完形填空
Good Heart to Lean on
More than I realized,Dad has helped me keep my balance.
When I was growing up,I was embarrassed(尴尬的) to be seen with my father.He was severely disabled and very ? 36 ?,and when we would walk together,his hand on my arm for ? 37 ?,people would stare.I would inwardly feel uncomfortable at the unwanted ? 38 ?.If he ever noticed or was bothered,he never ? 39 ? that he knew.
It was ? 40 ? to coordinate (cooperate) our steps—his hesitant,mine impatient—and because of that,we didn’t ? 41 ? much as we went along.But as we started out,he always said,“You set the ? 42 ?.I will try to follow you.”
Our usual walk was to or from the subway,which was ? 43 ? he got to work.He went to work despite illness and nasty weather.He almost never missed a day,and would ? 44 ? it to the office even if others could not.A matter of ? 45 ?.
He never talked about himself as an object of pity,nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or ? 46 ?.What he looked for ? 47 ? others was a “good heart”,and if he found one,the ? 48 ? was good enough for him.
Now that I am older,I believe that his idea is a proper ? 49 ? by which to judge people,even though I ? 50 ? don’t know exactly what a “good heart” is.? 51 ? I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has been gone many years now,but I think of him often.I wonder if he ? 52 ? I was unwilling to be seen with him during our ? 53 ?.Now that I am older,I’m sorry that I never told him how sorry I was for my feeling ? 54 ? to be with him in public and how unworthy I felt to be his daughter.I think of him when I complain about trifles (something unimportant),when I am envious of another’s good fortune,and when I don’t possess a “good heart”.
At such times I put my hand on his arm to ? 55 ? my balance,and say,“You set the pace.I will try to follow you.”
36.A.strong B.energetic C.short D.handsome
37.A.balance B.strength C.comfort D.courage
38.A.care B.attention C.situation D.friendship
39.A.hoped B.found C.liked D.showed
40.A.easy B.difficult C.possible D.necessary
41.A.see B.pay C.say D.give
42.A.rule B.time C.step D.pace
43.A.how B.why C.when D.where
44.A.get B.make C.take D.walk
45.A.joy B.faith C.belief D.pride
46.A.rich B.successful C.able D.hardworking
47.A.on B.in C.at D.with
48.A.owner B.keeper C.winner D.other
49.A.method B.value C.standard D.level
50.A.yet B.also C.ever D.still
51.A.And B.But C.Now D.Then
52.A.sensed B.smelled C.agreed D.recognized
53.A.walks B.talks C.stays D.visits
54.A.afraid B.proud C.ashamed D.disappointed
55.A.find B.keep C.refill D.regain
文章大意:本文讲述女儿和其残疾爸爸在身体和心理上如何互相保持平衡的故事。做题时，不能只看文字表面而就题论题，很多小题需要充分理解文章内涵，进行深层理解才能做对。
36.【答案】C
【解析】前面和本空相并列的词是disabled,故用short使之为同一范畴的词，而其他三个选项的词属于另一范畴。
很难一致。
41.【答案】C
【解析】本身就不愿意和爸爸一起走，故也就没有什么共同语言。
42.【答案】D
【解析】由文章最后两句“You set the pace.I will try to follow you.”可知。
43.【答案】A
【解析】从文中可知爸爸在地铁那儿上班，用how表示爸爸如何去上班的。
44.【答案】B
【解析】make it是常用短语，意为“达到预定目标,及时抵达,走完路程,(病痛等)好转”。
45.【答案】D
【解析】本空不容易选对。要做对本题必须充分理解爸爸的心情:作为一个残疾人，更有自己的自尊心，他努力和命运抗争，这一点从下一段也可看出。所以他要在自己力所能及的地方尽量做得出色，甚至要超过常人。
46.【答案】C
【解析】爸爸虽然残疾（disabled），但他并不嫉妒身体健康的幸运儿。用able 和disabled相对。
47.【答案】B
【解析】爸爸不羡慕常人的健康身躯，他寻求的是好心肠。What he looked for是名词性从句作主语；in others (在别人身上) 作状语。
清楚什么是“好心”，尽管我自己现在还缺乏这种“好心”。此处和上文是转折关系。
52.【答案】A
【解析】sense意为“觉察到”，而recognize的意思是“认识”，另外两项语意上讲不通。
53.【答案】A
【解析】从上文可知，爸爸在世的时候作者心里不愿意和他一起走。
54.【答案】C
【解析】作者表达自己以前没有告诉她爸爸自己不愿在公共场所和他在一起的惭愧心情。
55.【答案】D
【解析】本题需要深层理解。纵观全文，特别是文章的题目和第一段不难看出，爸爸的不平衡只是身体上的，而我原来虽然身体平衡但心灵上却不平衡。现在长大了，通过自己的领悟，我重新获得了平衡。
三、阅读理解
A
A group of professional people put this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds，“What does love mean？” The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined：
“When my grandmother got arthritis(关节炎)，she couldn't bend over and paint her toenails any more.So my grandfather does it for her all the time，even when his hands got arthritis too.That's love.”
Rebecca—age 8
“Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs.”
Chrissy—age 6
“Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him，to make sure the taste is OK.”
Danny—age 7
“Love is when you tell a guy you like his shirt，and then he wears it every day.”
Noelle—age 7
“My mommy loves me more than anybody.You don't see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night.”
Clare—age 6
“Love is when Mommy sees Daddy smelly and sweaty and still says he is handsomer than Robert Redford.”
Chris—age 7
Author and lecturer Leo Buscaglia once talked about a contest he was asked to judge.The purpose of the contest was to find the most caring child.The winner was a four-year-old child whose next door neighbour was an elderly gentleman who had recently lost his life.Upon seeing the man cry，the little boy went into the old gentleman's yard，climbed onto his lap，and just sat there.When his mother asked him what he had said to the neighbour，the little boy said，“Nothing.I just helped him cry.”
1How many children talk about love between a husband and wife?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
【解析】细节理解题。Rebecca谈的是祖父母的恩爱，Danny和Chirs谈的是父母的恩爱，故总计有三个孩子。
【答案】A
2According to Leo Buscaglia，the four-year-old boy ______.
A．gave the definition of love by saying nothing
B．had a good understanding of his neighbour's sadness
C．cheered his neighbour up in a unique way
D．showed concern for the old man in his own way
3The children's answers are mainly based on ______.
A．their own stories
B．their family stories
C．what happened around them
D．how they viewed people around them
【解析】推理判断题。从文中列举的六个孩子对爱的含义的解释来看，他们都是以他们周围发生的事情为基础来谈对爱的理解，既感性，又真切感人，故选C项。A、B项均片面；D项不合文意。
【答案】C
4What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To present a survey.
B．To explain the meaning of love.
C．To report a contest.
D．To show children's love.
B
The average British woman's waistline (腰围)has grown by 2 inches in 10 years，all thanks to the sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle.
A study conducted by Cancer Research UK scientists found that the average waistline of British women has increased from 31.8 inches to 33.5 inches.
Men are also nowhere behind the fairer sex，for the research found that the average man's waistline has grown by 1.4 inches to 38 inches.
“We know high body weight increases the risk of a number of cancers and it is important we get this_message out to as many people as possible，” the Daily Mail quoted Dr Lesley Walker，of Cancer Research UK，as saying.
“A healthy diet with plenty of fiber，fruit and vegetables，as well as regular exercise can help people lose weight and reduce their risk of cancer，” he added.
The trend was found to be obvious in the under 45s，where the proportion of men with a body mass index (指数) over 35，and of women with a BMI of over 40，has grown twice during the decade.
Lead researcher Professor Jane Wardle said it is possible that young people follow a less healthy lifestyle than their elders.
“Snacking habits，takeaway meals high in fat and sedentary lifestyles where many people spend both work and leisure time sitting in front of a computer are all likely to contribute to the results.”
She added that genetics (遗传) also play an important role in the growing rate of getting fat.
5How many reasons did the writer mention for British women's increased waistlines?
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
【解析】细节判断题，可用直接就题找文法来解。原文第八节和第九节表明吃脂肪含量高的食品、久坐和遗传3个理由是英国女性肥胖率不断上升的原因。
【答案】C
6Man's average waistline used to be ______.
A．31.8 inches B．33.5 inches C．36.6 inches D．38 inches
【解析】推理判断题，可用逻辑推断法来解。由原文第三节中的“the average man's waistline has grown by 1.4 inches to 38 inches”可以推出过去英国男性平均腰围为38－1.4＝36.6 英寸。
【答案】C
7What does “this message” in the fourth Paragraph refer to?
A．British women's waistlines have grown.
B．British men's waistlines have grown.
C．British people are getting fat.
D．High body weight increases the risk of a number of cancers.
8Which is the best title of the passage?
A．British women's waistlines have grown
B．It is easy for the English to get fat
C．It is easy for the English to suffer from cancer
D．The English have a less healthy lifestyle
【解析】标题判断题，可用标题判断三原则来解。认真阅读分析原文不难发现，本文主要介绍英国女性腰围在过去十年中增加了1.8英寸的背景信息，因此以British women's waistlines have grown为题既具有高度的概括性、强烈的针对性，又因句式简洁、句意时尚而具有一定的醒目性。
【答案】A
四、书面表达
假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”，请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。
自己英语学习的情况
1.英语学习的目的
2.英语学习的方法
3.课外自学的途径
……….
对学校英语教学的建议
（请考生根据自己的经历与感想，提出两至三点建议）。
注意：
1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2.词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计人总词数。
3.文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
Dear teacher and schoolmates,1t’s a great pleasure for me to be today and share my experience of learning English with you.
Thank you for listening.
Dear teacher and schoolmates,1t’s a great pleasure for me to be today and share my experience of learning English with you. I'm interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally It’s very important for me to learn English well .As everybody knows vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building .I usually memorize twenty new words a Thank you for listening.
