Unit 1　A land of diversity单元导学课件（199张）

Unit 1　A land of diversity
Period One　Warming Up & Reading
Period Two　Learning about Language & Using Language
Period Three　Grammar
Period Four　Writing
? 单元总结提升
　　纵观美国历史,可以发现这个国家经常被称为“熔炉”。因为各地移民和各民族团体共同建设了一个独特的民族。据说那些“本土的”美国人——印第安人,也可能是几千年前从亚洲通过大陆桥来到北美洲的。
单元话题导入
　　A look at the history of the United States indicates that this country has often been called “a melting pot”，where various immigrants and ethnic(种族的) groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation. Even those “original” Americans，the Indians，probably walked across a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago. So，who are the real Americans？The answer is that any and all of them are！And you，no matter where you come from，could also become American if you want to. Then you would become another addition to America's wonderfully rich “nation of immigrants”.
单元话题导入
　　The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent(血统) to one of immigrants from other parts of the world，such as Asia and Latin America. The number of recent immigrants has skyrocketed. They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as to seek a better education and a more prosperous(繁荣的) life in America，“the land of opportunity”. Although there are frequent conflicts between the cultures they have brought with them from the “old country” and those found in America，most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted land.
单元话题导入
Task: Answer the following questions.
1．What do people often call the United States?
____________________________________________________________________________
2．Why do people immigrate to the United States?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

单元话题导入
A melting pot.
They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America.
Knowledge and skills
　　1．Understand the usage of the words, expressions and sentences：
　　(1)Key words and phrases:
　　means　n. 手段；方法
　　majority　n. 大多数；大半
　　hardship　n. 苦难；困苦
　　elect　vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
　　federal　adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的
　　percentage　n. 百分比；百分率
三维目标
　　boom　n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
　　　　　vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
　　by means of…　用……办法；借助……
　　live on　继续存在；继续生存
　　make a life　习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
　　keep up　坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
三维目标
　　(2)Key sentence forms:
　　①However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California…
　　②Of the first Spanish to go to…， the majority were…
　　③That is why…
　　④It is believed that before long…
三维目标
　　2．Enable the students to know more about America and give some cities' names.
　　3．Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California.
　　4．Improve students' speaking, reading and writing abilities.
三维目标
Process and methods
　　1．Teach the new words and expressions by explaining and making sentences.
　　2．Practise the oral English by talking about the map of the USA in the Warming Up section.
　　3．Help the students grasp the main idea of the text by skimming, scanning and discussion.
三维目标
Emotion，attitude and value
　　1．Enable the students to talk about things about the USA.
　　2．Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California.
　　3．Cultivate the students' sense of cross?culture.

三维目标
【重点】
　　1．Enable the students to learn how to talk about the important events in Californian history.
　　2．Help the students to use the key words and phrases freely.
【难点】
　　Enable the students to explain the reasons why California is such a multicultural community in the 21st century.
重点难点
　　Train the students' reading abilities through discussing, reading and practicing.
教学建议
【导入一】
　　Lead in the lesson by asking students some questions about America.
　　T: Boys and girls, we've learned English several years. We know that English is mainly used in England, Australia, the United States of America, etc. And we're now learning American English. But how much do you know about the United States of America—a land of diversity? As we all know, the US is a world power with the most developed economy. It lies in the North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico. There are fifty states in the US. Forty?eight of them are in the single
新课导入
region between Canada and Mexico; this group is referred to as the continental or contiguous United States. Two of the 50 states, Alaska (a state in northwestern North America) and Hawaii (a state in the central Pacific on the Hawaiian Islands), are not contiguous with any of the other states. In the past few years, we've seen or heard many of the world's events which have something to do with the US, such as the September 11 attacks, Iraqi war, Hurricane Katrina, etc. Today we are going to learn more about this powerful country. First, look at the following pictures.
新课导入
　　Show some pictures on the screen.
新课导入
　　T: All right. Now please tell me what you know about them? Who wants to have a try?
　　S1: The American flag is the Star?Spangled Banner. There are 50 stars with white and red strips on the rest of the flag.
　　S2: The stars stand for 50 states. The red color symbolizes courage; the white symbolizes freedom and the blue means loyalty and justice.
　　S3: The White House is the executive mansion of the President of the United States. The American President lives and works in the building.
　　
新课导入
　　S4: There are many important places in it, such as the pressroom and the oval office.
　　S5: The Statue of Liberty is standing on a small island in New York Harbor.
　　S6: In 1886, French sent it as a gift for American Independence Day on her 100th anniversary.
　　S7: The crowned lady is 46 meters high, with a torch in her right hand holding aloft and Declaration of Independence in her left.
　　S8: For a century, the Statue Liberty has been standing on the Island proudly symbolizing the spirit of independence of the USA.
新课导入
　　T: Very exactly. What else do you know about the USA?
　　S9: A federal republic, United States of America is composed of a federal district, Washington D．C. and 50 states. All the states except for Hawaii islands are situated in mainland North America.
　　S10: It has a population of about 2, 900 million. Its area is 9, 370, 000 sq km.
　　S11: The climate of USA is mainly temperate in nature but in Hawaii and Florida, it is tropical.
　　S12: The language they mainly use is English.

新课导入
【导入二】
　　Lead in the lesson by showing students the map of America and talking about it.
　　Ask the students to turn to page 1 and look at the map of the USA and talk about it in groups.
　　Fill in the given form. Then write on the map the names of the oceans, countries, mountain ranges, lakes, rivers and big cities. At last, check the answers with the whole class.
　　
新课导入
　　T: Good job! Do you want to learn more knowledge about the USA? Now please open your books and turn to Page 1. Here is a map of the USA. Please look at it carefully. Try to write on the map the names of the oceans, countries, mountain ranges, lakes, rivers and big cities.
新课导入
新课导入
新课导入
Ⅰ.Scan the text to find the main idea of the passage.
　　The text mainly tells us about_________________________________.
Fast Reading
课前自主预习
Task One
the history of California
Ⅱ.Scan the text to divide the text into three parts, and find a topic sentence for each part.
1. Part 1(Para. 1) 　　　? 　　　?
2. Part 2(Paras. 2~9) 　　　? 　　　?
3. Part 3(Para. 10) 　　　? 　　　?
A. The history of settlement in California.
B. The future of California.
C. A brief introduction to California.
课前自主预习
C
A
B
Ⅰ.Judge the following statements True(T) or False(F).
1.California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. (　　)
2.The Native Americans were treated well after the arrival of the Europeans.(　　)
3.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men.(　　)
4.In the early 1800s,Russians began settling in California.(　　)
Careful Reading
课前自主预习
Task Two
T
T
F
F
5.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.(　　)
6.During the Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of becoming rich.(　　)
7.California became the thirty-first federal state of the United States of America in 1850.(　　)
8.In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California.(　　)
课前自主预习
F
T
Ｆ
F
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．This passage is most likely to be taken from________．
A．a newspaper
B．a geography book
C．a novel
D．a guidebook
课前自主预习
【答案】　
B
2．How did California become a state of America?
A．Mexico gained independence from Spain.
B．Mexico lost the American?Mexican war and then gave it to the USA.
C．Spain lost the Spanish?American war.
D．Spain gave it to the USA as a gift.
课前自主预习
【答案】　
Ｂ
3.What was the main reason that Chinese immigrants came to California?
A.For gold.
B.For the building of the railway.
C.To open restaurants.
D.To live in the Chinatowns.
课前自主预习
【答案】　
B
4.What’s the topic of this text?
A. The culture of California.
B. The history of California.
C. The weather of California.
D. The history of the USA.
课前自主预习
【答案】　
Ｂ
5.It can be inferred from the text that　　　　.?
A. European and Jewish people came to make films in Hollywood, California
B. people from Mexico came to work in the ship and aircraft industries
C. Indians and Pakistanis are good at making computers
D. there will be more racial cultural groups for more people are arriving in California
课前自主预习
【答案】　
D
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
California is the 1. 　　　　(three) largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It is the most multicultural state in the USA.This is not 2. 　　　　 (surprise) when you know the history of California 3.
　　　　 has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. No one really knows what time the first 4. 　　　　 (settler) arrived in what we now know as California.?
课前自主预习
third
Micro?writing
Task Three
surprising
which/that
settlers
Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached America by means 5.
　　　　a land bridge. In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men. In 1848, gold was discovered in California and the dream of becoming rich 6.
　　　　(quick) attracted people from all over the world. In fact, few achieved their dream, but most remained in California 7. 　　　　 (make) a life for themselves.In more recent decades, California has become home 8.
　　　　more people from Asia. It 9. 　　　　 (believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great 10. 　　　　there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.?
课前自主预习
of
quickly
to make
to
is believed
that
1 means　n．方法；手段(单复数同形)
(教材P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一座史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
课堂互动探究
词汇点睛
课堂互动探究
by all means 　　当然可以；尽一切办法
　 by any means 无论如何(用于否定句和疑问句)
　 by no means 决不；一点也不(放句首要部分倒装)
　 by means of… 用……办法，借助……
课堂互动探究
[温馨提示] (1)means 表示“方式，方法”时，单复数同形。
(2)当means作主语且有every, each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)当means作主语且有some, several, few, many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
All possible means have been tried，but not every means works.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。
【易混辨析】
means表示“方法、手段、工具”, 常与介词by连用。
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序, 也指系统的、抽象概念的原理, 常与介词of搭配。
way是最常用的词, 本意是“道路”, 引申作“方式、方法”讲, 含义很广。
approach也有“方法、步骤、途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式, 常与介词to搭配。

课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
汽车是一种便利的交通方式，然而我们却把它当成了我们的生活方式。
(2)Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.
思想可以借助音乐来表达。
(3)I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
我已尽力提高英语水平，但是老师对我的进步一点儿也不满意。
课堂互动探究

(4)The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.
他骑的自行车绝不是现代骑自行车的人愿意骑的那种车。
(5)单句填空
①Every possible means ____________________(try), and we find only by this means ________(be) it possible to persuade him.
②There is no doubt that television is important means of communication.
③There________(be) many means of transport for people to choose from.
课堂互动探究
has been tried
is
an
are
2 majority　n. 大多数；大半(常与the连用)
(教材P2) Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
(1)a majority of　 大多数
be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
be in the/a minority 占少数
(3)major n. & v. 主修；专业
major in 主修……；以……为专业
【巧学助记】
课堂互动探究
[温馨提示] “the/a majority of＋名词”表示“大多数……”，其谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)The majority of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless, which is wrong.
大部分市民认为普通工作令人厌烦, 甚至没有价值, 这种想法是错误的。
(2)My brother majored in two subjects in the university last year.
我哥哥去年在大学里主修了两门课程。
(3)Those who favour the proposal are in the majority.
赞成该提案者占多数。
(4)The majority of the damage　　　　　(be) easy to repair.?
课堂互动探究
is
3 elect　vt. 选择，决定做某事(后常跟不定式)；选举，推选
(教材P2)By the time California elected to become the thirty?first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。
课堂互动探究
(1)elect sb (to be/as) 　　选举某人(为……)
elect sth (as) 选择……(作为……)
elect to do… 选择或决定做某事
(2)election n. 选举
[温馨提示]elect表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位独一无二，则通常不用冠词。
　　We elected him chairman. 我们选他当主席。
课堂互动探究
【易混辨析】
　　choose，select与elect
课堂互动探究
choose 　表示“选择”或“挑选”，侧重于通过意志或判断，是最普通的用语
select 　表示“(精心地)挑选，选定”，具有“精选”的意思
elect 　表示“选举”，一般是较大范围的、具有正式手续的选举
【活学活用】
(1)The young lady was elected to be president of the big firm.
那位年轻女士被选为这家大公司的总裁。
(2)She elected to return to work after her baby was born.
她决定孩子出生后回去工作。
(3)As is known, the President of the USA　　　　　　every four years.?
众所周知,美国总统每四年选举一次。

课堂互动探究
is elected
(4)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's ____________．
她两年前被软禁，但是在去年的选举中依旧强势。
(5)用choose, elect, select的适当形式填空
①She ____________ the red sweater rather than the pink one.
②The boy ____________ the best things from the shop.
③We ____________ him monitor of our class.
课堂互动探究
election
chose
selected
elected
1 live on　继续存在；继续生存
(教材P1)The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
课堂互动探究
短语储存
课堂互动探究
live by doing sth　　　　　　靠做某事为生
live for sth 以某事为生活目标
live through sth 经历某事而幸存
live up to sth 符合;履行;不辜负
live with sth 忍受或容忍某事
【活学活用】
(1)The old man lived by collecting waste things rather than on government welfare to live through the hard times.
那位老人靠捡废品为生而不是依靠政府的福利来度过艰难时期。
(2)He will die，but his fame　　　　　　after him.
他会死去，但是他的声誉将会永存。
(3)He lost his job and ________________________.
他失去了工作，靠借贷过日子。

课堂互动探究
will live on
lived on credit
(4)用live短语完成句子
①My grandfather　　　　　　　　both world wars.
②Mozart is dead but his music____________________．
③We should work hard and try to　　　　　　our parents' expectations.
课堂互动探究
lived through
lives on
live up to
2 make a life　习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
(教材P2)Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人去世了或回家了，尽管困难重重，但大多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。
课堂互动探究
make/earn a living　　　　 谋生
come (back) to life 变得活跃起来;苏醒过来
lose one’s life 失去生命
lead/live a(n)…life 过着……的生活
bring back to life 使复生
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life.
如果你想获得，你是在谋生；如果你想付出，你是在生活。
(2)In the coming three years,our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself.
在接下来的三年,我们的学校生活将会具有挑战性,你将会努力习惯新的生活方式。
课堂互动探究
(3)Generally, I think the elderly people________________________________， but they are sometimes lonely.
总的来说，我认为老年人过着幸福的生活，但是他们有时会孤独。
(4)After the teacher left the classroom, the students ______________________．
老师离开教室后，学生们活跃起来。
live a happy life
came to life
3 keep up　坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等
(教材P2)In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.
来自丹麦的移民于1911年建立了他们自己的城镇，今天它仍然传承着他们的丹麦文化。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
keep up one‘s spirits　 振作精神
keep up with 跟上，不落后
keep it up 保持优异成绩，继续做下去
keep away from 避开；远离
keep off 勿踩；勿踏
keep on (doing) 继续(做)
keep back 隐瞒,抑制,阻止
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up.
事实上，进步让传统得以延续。
(2)You are all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work!
你们都干得很出色；继续好好干吧！
(3)We have to work hard to keep up with these excellent students. 为了跟上这些优秀学生, 我们得努力学习。
(4)Things are changing so fast; it's hard____________ ．
事情变化得太快了，很难跟上形势。
to keep up
课堂互动探究
(5)用适当的介词或副词填空
①The ancient custom of well?dressing is still kept ______ in many old villages.
②She likes to keep up ________ the latest fashion.
③Police warned bystanders to keep ________ from the burning building.
④The remote village is cut off from the outside world and people there still keep ________ their traditional way of life.
up
with
away
up
1 (教材P1) California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却有着最多的人口。
课堂互动探究
句型透视
【句型公式】
the ＋序数词＋形容词或副词最高级,第几大/长……
课堂互动探究
【归纳拓展】
　　“one of the/among the＋最高级＋名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)I think the computer is the first most useful tool of all.
我认为电脑是所有工具中最有用的。
(2)West Lake is　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that I have ever visited.
西湖是我参观过的第二美丽的地方。
(3)Paris is among___________________________ in the world.
巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
the second most beautiful place
the biggest cities
2 (教材P2)However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能在至少15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
课堂互动探究
【句型公式】
It is likely that…很有可能……
课堂互动探究
【句法分析】
　　it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。本句型可转化为：sb/sth be likely to do…某人/某物可能做……
课堂互动探究
【归纳拓展】
(1)likely可与most,very,quite等连用。
(2)It is/was likely that…也可转换为sb/sth+be likely to do sth, 意为“某人/某物可能做某事”。
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)His attempt will be most likely to succeed.
他的尝试很有可能会成功。
(2)It is likely that she will ring me tonight.(＝She is likely ________________________ tonight.)
今晚她可能给我打电话。
(3)________________________she is doing some research on haze.
她很可能正在做关于雾霾的研究。
to ring me
It's likely that
3 (教材P2)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
课堂互动探究
【句型公式】
That's why…那就是为什么……
课堂互动探究
【句法分析】
　　在这个句型中why引导表语从句，表示结果。
课堂互动探究
【归纳拓展】
　　(1)That's because…那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
　　(2)The reason why…is/was that………的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)In most cases, it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing.
大多数情况下,这是因为这些人只是不喜欢他们从事的工作。
(2)Tom was very lazy. 　　　　　　　　he never achieved anything in his life.?
汤姆很懒,那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。
(3)Tom came late for the meeting. 　　　　　　　　 he was ill.?
汤姆开会迟到了,那是因为他病了。
That was why
That was because
课堂互动探究
(4)The reason 　　　　Tom came late for the meeting was 　　　　he was ill.?
汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus often changes.?
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变异。
that
why
The reason why
Knowledge and skills
　　 1．Discover the useful words and expressions.And learn the usage of useful words and expressions.
　　occur　vi. 发生；出现
　　indicate 　vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示
　　luggage　n. 行李
　　shave　vt. & vi. 刮；剃
　　apparent　adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
　　apparently　adv. 显然地；显而易见地
三维目标
　　slip　vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤
　　　　　n. 滑动；滑倒
　　hire　vt. & n. 租用；雇用
　　nowhere　adv. 无处；到处都无
　　mourn　vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
　　reform　vt. & vi. 改革；革新
　　　　　　n　. 改革；改造；改良
　　grasp　vt. & vi. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
三维目标
　　insert　vt. 插入；嵌入
　　back to back　背靠背
　　team up with　与……合作或一起工作
　　mark out　用线画出范围；标出……界线
　　take in　包括；吸收
　　a great/good many　许多；很多
　　apply for　申请；请示得到
　　2．Enable the students to learn about the word transformation between nouns, adjectives and verbs.
三维目标
Process and methods
　　1．Help the students finish the Exercise 1 on P4 and let them know something about the suffixes.
　　2．Help the students learn how to use the sentence patterns.
　　①Built in 1873…was invented by…
　　②It's a…that takes in…
三维目标
Emotion，attitude and value
　　1．Develop the students' sense of cooperation.
　　2．Develop the students' interest of learning English.
三维目标
【重点】
　　1．Help the students to use the key words and phrases freely.
　　2．Enable the students to learn how to use the suffix to form a new word.
　　3．Go over the key words and expressions: luggage, apparently, slip, bakery, ferry, hire, seagull, immigration, team up with, mark out, take in, a great/good many.
　　4．How to organize and write a short essay about a city, province or zone.
重点难点
【难点】
　　How to organize and write a short essay about a city, province or zone.
重点难点
　　1．Help the students finish the Exercise 1 on P4 first and then explain to them what the suffix is and finally let them master the word formation.
　　2．Guide the students to finish doing the listening exercises on P6 and P7.
　　3．Guide the students to finish the extensive reading on P8.
　　4．Guide the students to finish the writing exercise on P9.
教学建议
【导入一】
　　Lead in the lesson by asking students to finish the Exercise 1 on P4.
　　First, ask the students to show their collected suffixes. Ask them to review the function of verbs, nouns and adjectives. And then ask them to fill in the charts with the proper forms of the words by practicing Exercise 1 on P4. At last, check the answers with the whole class.
新课导入
【导入二】
　　Lead in the lesson by asking students to tell the main idea of the text and then go over some key words and expressions.
新课导入
【导入三】
　　Lead in the lesson by asking the students to listen to the tape they are expected to listen for the gist only. Read Exercise 1 on P6 with students so that they know what to listen for and play the recording right through without stopping.
新课导入
【导入四】
　　Lead?in
　　1．Look at George's photos. Then quickly read George's diary. Write the day he saw these things under the photos.
　　2．Read George's diary carefully and answer the questions.
　　(1)Why did Andrew Hallidie invent the cable car system?
　　(2)Where did George eat lunch on his first day in San Francisco?
　　(3)Why did George hire a car? Why do you think he joined up with Terri and Peter?
　　
新课导入
　　(4)What three things can visitors do in Chinatown?
　　(5)What is Angel Island famous for?
　　3．Read George's diary again. Put the mark “∧” in the places where George has left out some words.
　　4．Discuss with others in your class: Why did George leave out some words when he wrote his diary?

新课导入
1 occur　vi. 发生；出现
(教材P5)It didn't occur to me that…
我没想到……
课堂互动探究
词汇点睛
It occurs to sb that…　　 某人想起……
It occurs to sb to do… 某人想起做……
occur to sb (主意)浮现于脑海中;被想到;(某人)想到
[温馨提示] (1)occur是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,不能用于被动语态;当强调某事物呈现于某人的知觉(如心、脑)时只能用occur to。
(2)表示“突然想起”的表达方式
课堂互动探究
主语 句型
想到的事情作主语
或it作形式主语 sth strikes sb
sth comes to sb
It strikes sb that-clause
It hits sb that-clause
人 sb come(s) up with an idea/a thought
【活学活用】
(1)As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble occurred.
当他们往下走的时候，天气变得越来越糟糕，接着另一个麻烦出现了。
(2)Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
连同你奇妙的创新一起你需要提交一份报告,解释你是怎么想到这个点子的,以及你用的是什么材料。
课堂互动探究
(3)It occurred to him that he hadn’t eaten anything since the night before.
他想起自己从前一天晚上一直没吃任何东西。
(4)It had never　　　　　　　　　　　he might be falling in love with her.
他从未想过自己会爱上她。
课堂互动探究
occurred to him that
(5)一句多译
①　　　　　　　　　　 he had left his keys in the office.(occur)?
②　　　　　　　　　　he had left his keys in the office.(hit)?
③　　　　　　　　　　he had left his keys in the office.(strike)?
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
课堂互动探究
It occurred to him that
It hit him that
It struck him that
2 indicate　vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
(教材P7)Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.
试着用上面的表达来表明你在认真听你的搭档的讲述。
课堂互动探究
(1)indicate sth (to/for sb)　　向(某人)表示某事
indicate that… 表示……；示意……
indicate to sb that… 向某人表示或示意……
(2)indication n. 指出；表明
【活学活用】
(1)As is indicated in the picture, if the man is willing to look for other possibilities,he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.
正如图片中显示的,如果这个人愿意寻找其他的可能性,他能找到一个更好的、更有益的方式来实现他的目标。
(2)These figures indicate to me that the company is in serious trouble.
这些数字对我而言意味着公司处境很艰难。
课堂互动探究
(3)He shook his head ______________________ he did not know the thing.
他摇摇头表示自己不知道这件事。
(4)Kingston upon Thames, __________________________，is situated on the bank of the Thames.
泰晤士河畔金斯顿，正如其名称所示，坐落在泰晤士河畔。
课堂互动探究
to indicate (that)
as the name indicates
3 slip　vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤；溜进(出)　n．滑动；滑倒
(教材 P8)…the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill…
……列车长无法控制局面，结果轨道车滑下了山坡……
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
(1)slip away/off　　　　溜走，悄悄离开；消亡
slip into 进入，陷入(尤指困难或不快的状况)
slip out 无意中说出
slip…off 迅速脱去(衣服)
slip…on 迅速穿上(衣服)
(2)a slip of the tongue 口误
【易混辨析】
　　slide与slip
　　slide和slip都有“滑动”之意，但slide表示“有意地滑，平稳而顺畅地滑行”，slip则指的是不由自主地“滑，滑倒”。
课堂互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies.
渐渐地，我们的身体摆脱了紧张。
(2)How can you slip me into the concert without a ticket?
没有票你怎么带我混进音乐会？
课堂互动探究
(3)用out of, down, away, into填空
①My aunt has slipped ________in the high street and hurt her ankle, so I have to take her to the doctor.
②I have to come late, so I'll slip ________ the room at the back, if you'll save me a place.
③I'll slip ________ the meeting as quietly as I can. I have a train to catch so I can't stay to the end.
④I hope we can slip ________ before she notices.
课堂互动探究
into
down
out of
away
4 hire　vt. 租用,雇用　n.租用,租借
(教材P8)Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.
同酒店里的一对夫妻(彼得和特丽)做伴,一起租了一辆小汽车。
课堂互动探究
(1)hire sth out　　　　　　　　　出租某物
hire (oneself) out to sb 受雇于某人
(2)for/on hire 出租
【易混辨析】
　　hire,employ与rent
课堂互动探究
hire 指临时或一次性雇用
employ 较正式,多指商店或公司长期雇用人手
rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)
【活学活用】
(1)We hired an advertising company for help to sell our product.
我们雇了一家广告公司来帮助推销我们的产品。
(2)After graduation, he hired himself out/was hired out to the company.
毕业后他受雇于这家公司。
(3)Farmers used to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for the summer.?
农民们过去经常整个夏天都在外面打工。
课堂互动探究
hire themselves out
(4)What made us happy was that there were three small boats available　　　　　　　　. ?
让我们开心的是有3艘小船可供出租。
(5)用hire,employ,rent的适当形式填空
①Our house has been 　　　　　　by a newly-married couple.?
②They 　　　　　　 in writing when I came.?
③They 　　　　　　out boats by the hour.?
④We 　　　　　　a driver to drive us to the city.?
课堂互动探究
rented
for hire
were employed
hire
hired
5 nowhere　adv. 无处,到处都无
(教材P8) …some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.
……一些房间甚至没有光,但是移民们没有其他地方可以去。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
get/go nowhere　　　　　 毫无进展/没有结果
nowhere to be found/seen 哪儿也找不到/看不到
nowhere in sight 不可能看见
nowhere else 没有别的地方
nowhere near 差得远;远不及
[温馨提示] nowhere 作副词用于句首时,表示强调,常引起句子倒装。

【活学活用】
(1)Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country.
在世界上任何地方都看不到像在这个国家一样如此高涨的学习热情。
(2) This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world.
在世界其他地方找不到这样的森林。
课堂互动探究
(3)We discussed it all morning but　　　　　　　　 .?
我们就此事讨论了一上午,可是毫无进展。
(4)If you do everything for your son,you’ll　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
如果你事事都为你儿子去做,你会让他一无所获。
课堂互动探究
get him nowhere
got/went nowhere
6 reform　vt.&vi.改革;革新　n.改革;改造;改良
(教材P8)In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.
在1940年,民政部门改革了制度,使得更多的中国人能够抓住机会在美国定居。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
(1)reform the health care system 改革医疗保障制度
reform oneself 改过自新
(2)education reform 教育改革
the reform in 在……方面的改革
carry out the reform 实施改革
【活学活用】
(1)The reform in teaching methods is warmly welcomed by students.
教学方法改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。
(2)They’ve reformed the education system to fit in with the new situation.
他们改革了教育制度,以适应新的形势。

课堂互动探究
(3)The leader thinks the only solution is　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
领导者认为唯一的解决方法是进行政党内部改革。
(4)We should 　 education. ?
我们应该进行教育改革。
课堂互动探究
carry out the reform in
to reform in the party
1 mark out　画线;标出……界线
(教材P8)There’s a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.
有一条专为旅游者标出的绝妙的驾车路线。
课堂互动探究
短语储存
mark down　　　 写下,记下;降低……的价格或分数
mark up 审校;提高……的价格
mark on 标上
mark…with… 用……在……上做标记
be marked with… 标记着……
【活学活用】
(1)They marked out the tennis court with white paint.
他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。
(2)Many streets in this city have been　　　　　　　　for extension.?
城市的很多街道已被标出来要拓宽。
(3)Three of his paintings　　　　　　　　　　　　　for exhibition. ?
他的三幅画已被选定参展。
(4)Just a moment. Let me　　　　　　　　　　your name and address.?
等一下,让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。
课堂互动探究
marked out
have been marked out
mark down
2 take in　包括;吸收;欺骗;理解
(教材P8)It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.
这是一次往返79公里的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
take apart　　　拆开;剖析,抨击(论点等)
take down 拿下,取下;拆卸;记下
take back 取回,带回;收回说过的话;使……回忆起昔日
take on 承担,从事;呈现;雇用
take away 解除,消除(感情、痛苦等)
take off 起飞;脱下;迅速流行;腾飞
take over 接管;控制
take up 开始从事;继续;占用
【活学活用】
(1)To take in enough fresh air, Tim raised his head regularly.
为了吸入足够的新鲜空气,蒂姆时不时地抬起头。
(2)It was not until several days later that I realized I was taken in by that shop owner.
直到几天以后,我才发觉自己被那个店主骗了。
(3)He did not take in what he read because his mind was on something else.
因为他心不在焉,所以他没有理解自己看的东西。
课堂互动探究
(4)If you trust him,you will certainly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
如果你相信他,你一定会受骗。
(5)I was given some pills to 　　　　　　　　the pain.?
给我开了一些药片来消痛。
课堂互动探究
be taken in
take away
3 apply for　申请;请示得到
(教材P8)From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.
从1882到1940年,天使岛成为一个著名的移民站,很多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。
课堂互动探究
课堂互动探究
(1)apply sth to　　　把……施于……;把……运用于……
be applied to 适用于;应用于
apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力做某事
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请(书);应用;用途
【活学活用】
(1)The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry, saying that he would apply what he learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人一心申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的东西应用到他的教学中去。
(2)I made up my mind to 　 a scholarship.?
我决定申请奖学金。
(3)As the wages were low,there were few 　　　　　　for the job. ?
因为工资低,没什么人申请这份工作。
课堂互动探究
apply for
applicants
(4)The money　　　　　　　　　　　　　the payment of debts yesterday. ?
那笔钱昨天被用来还债了。
(5)Now a lot of new technologies can
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　problems in industry.?
现在很多新的科技可用于解决工业上的问题。
课堂互动探究
was applied to
be applied to solving
Knowledge and skills
　　1．Enable the students to use the Noun Clauses.
　　2．Help the students learn how to use the Noun Clauses.
三维目标
Process and methods
　　1．Explanation, practice and summarizing.
　　2．Inductive Method Group work.
Emotion，attitude and value
　　1．Hold the students' interest in learning English grammar.
　　2．Develop the students' sense of cooperation.
三维目标
【重点】
　　Enable the students to use the Noun Clauses.
【难点】
　　To distinguish different types of Noun Clauses.
重点难点
　　This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: Noun Clauses (as the Subject, Object & Predictive)
　　It's not the first time for the students to learn it, so this period of teaching can be considered as a revision class, in which with the help of the example sentences used in the passage in this unit, students are to review Noun Clauses (as the Subject, Object & Predictive)．
教学建议
【导入一】
　　Please look at the sentences carefully. Pick out Noun Clauses (as the Subject, Object & Predictive).
　　(1)Jane said (that) she wasn't late for the meeting.
　　(2)Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
　　(3)The reason why he was late was that he didn't catch the early bus.
新课导入
【导入二】
　　Now find more examples in the reading passage where Noun Clauses (as the Subject, Object & Predictive) are used.
新课导入
　　Step Ⅰ Revision
　　Check the homework.
　　Sample answers to Activity 2:
　　1．A clause is called a Noun Clause when an entire clause takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase.
　　①I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native language.
　　②Where they are going is unknown.
　　③Whoever broke the vase will have to pay for it.
　　④The Toronto fans hope that the Blue Jays will win again.
教学过程
　　2．A clause is called an attributive clause when it takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase.
　　①The books that people read were mainly religious.
　　②Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save.
　　③Did I tell you about the author whom I met?
　　④They are searching for the one who borrowed the book.
教学过程
　　Then ask them to sum up all the conjunctions used in noun clauses, comparing them with the conjunctions used in attributive clauses and tell the differences between them. Fill in the given chart in groups of 4. Then check the answers.
　　T: Last class we learned the usage of Noun Clauses. Have you finished the exercises about the Noun Clauses?
　　Ss: Yes.
　　
教学过程
　　T: Attributive clauses share conjunctions with noun clauses. What are the differences between them? Now please fill in the given chart in groups of 4.
Show the following on the screen.
教学过程
教学过程
Conjunctions Noun Clauses Attributive Clauses
whose Only referring to a person Referring to a person or a thing
whom Can't be omitted Can be omitted
which Can't be omitted Can be omitted
that Can be omitted in the object clauses Can be omitted
Meaningless Having meanings
Not playing a role in clauses Playing a role in clauses
what Containing meanings and functions Can't be used
if/whether Containing meanings
as if / though，because Containing meanings; Only used in the predicative clauses
who, how, when, where, why Containing meanings and functions; can't be omitted
名词性从句(Ⅰ)(宾语从句、表语从句和主语从句)
一、名词性从句的定义、分类及其连接词
　　1. 定义
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
2. 分类
根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又包括宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause)、主语从句(Subject Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause), 同位语从句放在下个单元讲解。
语法归纳
3. 连接词
语法归纳
类别 连接词 意义 功能
从属
连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
（续表）
语法归纳
类别 连接词 意义 功能
连接副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
　　
二、宾语从句
　　宾语从句在复合句中充当句子的宾语。宾语从句的引导词有:连词that, if/whether;连接代词who/whom, whose, what, which;连接副词when, where, why, how等。
Tom asked me if/whether I had seen the film See You Tomorrow.
　　汤姆问我是否看了电影《摆渡人》。
　　Pay attention to what the teacher said.
　　注意听老师说的话。
　
语法归纳
　　
　　[注意]
　　(1)如果动词宾语后有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。
　　I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
　　我觉得你能在一天之内完成这项工作。
语法归纳
　　(2)宾语从句的时态
　　①若主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
　　Will you tell me how I can keep fit?
　　你能告诉我如何保持健康吗？
　　②如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的过去时　态；如果从句描述的是客观事实，那么从句的时态不可调整。
　　She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate.
　　她记得她把钱包落在校门口了。
　　Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
　　我们老师说光的传播速度比声音快。
语法归纳
　　 (3)在表语从句和宾语从句中，应该特别注意that和if/whether从句的用法。
　　在引导宾语从句时，有时可省略that，但在引导表语从句时，that不能省略。
　　宾语从句中只用whether不用if的情况：
　　①介词后的宾语从句只用whether引导。
　　He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
　　他在担心是否伤害了她的感情。
　　②当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。
　　Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
　　我无法确定他是否会来。
　
语法归纳
　　③whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。
　　I don't know whether or not this idea can be put into practice. 我不知道这一想法能否付诸实践。
　　④后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
　　Can you tell me whether to go or stay?
　　你能否告诉我是去还是留？
　　⑤动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
　　We discussed whether we should close the shop.
　　我们讨论了我们应不应该关闭这家商店。
语法归纳
　　(4)从句中要用陈述语序。
　　She always thinks of how she can work well.
　　她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
语法归纳
三、表语从句
　　一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词后，其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。
　　引导表语从句的有：连词that, whether, as if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。另外，as, because也可引导表语从句。
　　That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
　　那就是兄弟们想打赌的原因。
　　
语法归纳
　　That is what he is worried about.
　　那正是他所担心的。
　　It looked as if it was going to rain.
　　看起来好像要下雨了。
　　Her wish is that he could join the army.
　　她希望他能当兵。
　　
语法归纳
　　[注意]
　　(1)表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制。
　　(2)表语从句不能用 if 引导，要用whether。
　　(3)主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，不用because。
　　The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
　　他缺席的原因是他病了。
语法归纳
四、主语从句
　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等。
　　That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
　　＝It surprised us all that he finished writing the composition in such a short time.
　　
语法归纳
　　他能在这么短的时间内写完作文，这让我们都感到吃惊。
　　Who kept the door open all night was unknown.
　　不知道是谁整晚让门开着。　
语法归纳
　　[注意]
　　(1)主语从句的语序及谓语动词的“数”
　　主语从句要使用陈述语序，而非一般疑问语序；主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但如果what引导的从句作主语，代表复数概念(可从表语看出)时，谓语动词则用复数形式。
　　What we need is time.
　　我们需要的是时间。
　　What we need are some books.
　　我们需要的是几本书。
语法归纳
　　(2)that与what
　　that和what都可引导主语从句。what除了起连接作用外，还在主语从句中充当某些成分，如宾语、主语、表语等；而that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，无任何含义，只起连接作用。
　　What surprised me was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
　　使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩拉小提琴拉得非常好。(what在主语从句中作主语)
　　That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
　　众所周知，光的传播速度比声音快。(that只起连接作用)
语法归纳
　　 [注意]
　　(1)that引导的主语从句，常用形式主语it引导：It is＋形容词/名词/某些动词过去分词＋that 从句。
　　(2)在有些that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气[(should) do或should have done]。
　　It is important that we all (should) attend the meeting.
　　我们都应该参加会议，这很重要。
语法归纳
【活学活用】
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from 　　　　their parents speak at home.?
2.Go and get your coat before you take a bath. It’s just 　　　　you left it.?
3.The companies are working together to create 　　　　they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.?

语法归纳
what
where
what
4.People in Chongqing are proud of 　　　　they have achieved in the past two years.?
5.The last time we had great fun was 　　　　we were visiting the Water Park.?
6.　　　　 was the most important to her, she told me, was her family.?
语法归纳
what
when
What
7.　　　　 she couldn’t understand was 　　　　fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.?
8.　　　　 made the school proud was 　　　　more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.?
语法归纳
What
why
What
that
Ⅱ.句型训练
1.He looked at the invitation, wondering ?
　　　　　　　 　. ?
他看着邀请函,想知道自己为什么会被邀请。
2.I will make it known 　 . ?
我要让人们知道我们将被邀请去参加舞会。
3.To be honest, this is 　 .?
说实话,这就是我和他们的分歧所在。
?4.　 was very clear.?
他们将要冒这个险,这点很清楚。
语法归纳
why he was invited
that we’ll be invited to the ball
where I disagree with them
That they would take the risk
Ⅲ.将下列句子改为含有名词性从句的复合句
1．English is being accepted as an international language. It is a fact.
________________________________________________________________________
2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants.
________________________________________________________________________
3．It used to be a quiet village. I still remember that time.
________________________________________________________________________
语法归纳
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
I still remember when it used to be a quiet village.
4．He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week.
________________________________________________________________________
5．He should report this accident to the police at once. This is my suggestion.
________________________________________________________________________
语法归纳
It is said that he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week.
My suggestion is that he should report this accident to the police at once.
高考高频话题写作之科技与人(发展和利弊)
　　

　　我们生活的世界离不开科学技术的发展，在我们的生活中，科技无处不在。科学技术是一把双刃剑，它既能给人们带来很多好处，同时也有其负面作用。我们要利用好科学技术，让它为我们服务。此话题与学生实际生活息息相关，符合命题要求，因此是命题热点之一。
基础写作知识
命题规律
名词和名词短语：
　　technological advancement/development　科技进步
　　high?tech products　高科技产品
　　modern technology　现代科技
　　communication technology　通信科技 (如：mass media；mobile phones；the Internet)
　　the fast rhythm of life　快节奏的生活方式
　
基础写作知识
写作素材
　　information age　信息时代
　　home working/telecommuting work　在家办公
　　distance education　远程教育
　　the widespread use of the Internet　因特网的广泛使用
　　electric appliances　家电
　　automation　自动化
　　
基础写作知识
　　动词和动词短语：
　　give easy access to…(主语为事物)＝acquire… (主语为人) 获得…… (知识、信息等)
　　adapt to＋名词　适应……
　　get/be used to＋名词　习惯于……
　　benefit from…　从……中受益
　　benefit…　 使……受益
　　be beneficial to＋名词　对……有益
　　broaden one's horizons　开阔某人的眼界
　　　
基础写作知识
　　enrich one's knowledge/experience　丰富某人的知识/阅历
　　remove the barrier for…　为……消除障碍　
assist sb to do sth　协助某人做某事
　　equip sb with sth　用某物武装某人
　　put sb in/into contact with sth　让某人接触某事
　　be faced with…　面对……
　　put sb at an advantage in terms of…　使某人在……方面处于优势
　　make use of…　利用……
　　
基础写作知识
　　be available to…＝be accessible to…　供……使用
　　keep up with　跟上……的步伐
　　stay in close contact with…　保持和……的密切联系
　　accelerate　加速
基础写作知识
【经典例题】
　　当前，随着科技的发展与生活水平的提高，越来越多的中学生带着手机上学。中学生过度使用手机的现象十分严重，显露出诸多弊病。请观察下面的漫画，按要求用英文写一篇短文。
基础写作知识
　　内容要求：
　　1. 描述漫画内容；
　　2. 分析漫画所揭示的问题；
　　3. 提出你的看法。
　　注意：
　　1. 词数100左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
　　2. 考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯；
　　3. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息。
　　　　As is shown in the picture，______________________________　
基础写作知识
[构思点拨]
　　本题是一篇看图作文，首先要正确理解图画意思并合理想象，接着描述漫画内容“中学生过度使用手机，连过马路时也要看手机”，然后再发表个人看法：这一现象为什么发人深省？我们该怎么做？
　　考生成文时应注意：1.结构上可采用三段成文：第一段简要描述图画内容；第二段阐述这种普遍现象并发表议论；第三段发表个人看法，评述这种不正常行为以及说明怎样改变这种现象。2.时态：因为是普遍现象，故应以一般现在时为主，表达愿望时也可用将来时。3.人称：描述图画内容用第三人称，评述用第一或第三人称。4.注意恰当使用一些连接词，使文章自然、流畅。5.适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
基础写作知识
[参考范文]
　　As is shown in the picture, two students are crossing the street focusing on their mobile phones without noticing the coming car. They narrowly escaped being hit by the car. Actually recent years have witnessed an increasing use of the mobile phones in the students' daily life.
　　The consequences of this phenomenon can never be neglected. One of the worst effects is that too much use of mobile phones may do harm to the students' physical health, especially eyesight. Besides, it will be difficult for them to concentrate on their walking and learning, or even daily life.
基础写作知识
Last but not least, it may negatively impact the relationship among people due to less face?to?face communication.
　　As far as I am concerned, we should use mobile phones in a wise way and try to avoid depending too much on them. It's better to change our attention to other positive things such as reading and sports to enrich ourselves.
基础写作知识
【及时演练】
　　假如你是李华，是一位高中生。随着科技的发展，iPad已成为中学生的新宠。用iPad既可以听音乐，阅读纯文本电子书，又可玩电子游戏。请你用英语给某英语报社写一封信，谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。信的内容如下：
　　1．使用iPad对学习的好处；
　　2．对课堂纪律和学习可能产生的负面影响；
　　3．提出自己的建议并说明理由。
注意：
　　1．词数100左右；
　　2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
基础写作知识
Dear Editor，
　　I‘m a senior high school student, named Li Hua. _________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

基础写作知识

[构思点拨] 这是一篇汉语提示写作,是一篇议论文。采用三段成文法,第一段叙述iPad对学习的好处;第二段叙述使用iPad的弊端;第三段表述自己的建议和理由。
基础写作知识

One possible version：
Dear Editor，
　　I‘m a senior high school student, named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think it's a fashion to use them. Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them on the screen. Apparently, it's helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
　　
基础写作知识

　　Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom and
listen to music without earphones, which makes the teacher and other students greatly annoyed. Some of them even waste precious time in class playing video games.

基础写作知识

In my opinion, as students, we should make good use of iPads to help achieve academic success. The classroom is a place for students to study, and therefore concentration is awfully needed for us to learn our lessons. Furthermore, the school should make a rule to guide the students to use iPads in a proper way.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
基础写作知识
如何写地点类介绍说明文
【写作点拨】
　　本单元的写作话题是地点类介绍。
　　写地点介绍类说明文可采用如下步骤：
　　(1)审题。确定主题句、主要时态、语态(通常使用一般现在时，如果要介绍路线、路径则需要用一般将来时，同时还要注意被动语态的使用)和中心人称(通常用第三人称)。

单元话题写作
　　(2)列出要点。精心挑选合适的词句，列出需要的重点短语和句型，注意行文要符合语境及英语的表达习惯。利用所列出的词句组句成文，注意句子结构的完整性和语法的准确性，还要选择合适的连接词把句子连接起来，使上下文连贯，成为有机的整体。仔细核对草稿，修正错误，尤其要注意自己经常犯的一些错误，大到人称、时态，小到标点、字母大小写等，都应该注意。然后在主题句后按照顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来。
　　(3)如果有图示，应正确理解图示内容。此类题通常会附有路线图或场所示意图，应认真理解写作说明和图示内容，选择最佳的路线和适当的说明方法。
　　(4)用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。需要注意使用过渡词时必须结合上下文，力求自然，避免牵强附会。
单元话题写作
【词句模板】
　　1．常用句式
　　①Located in West China, the newly?built city is…
　　坐落在中国西部的这座新建城市是……
　　②…is a lively city with a long history, where you can see ancient and modern cultures.
　　……是一个拥有悠久历史并充满活力的城市，在那里你可以看到古今文化。
③It is a popular tourist attraction with many…
　　这是一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地，那儿有许多……

　
单元话题写作
　 ④It is believed to be the earliest and largest…ever found in China.
　　人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早也是最大的……
　　2．路线介绍模板
　　Walk along…，and you'll see/find…
　　If you drive straight ahead along…for ten minutes, you will see…
　　Please turn left at the second corner…
　　3．常见过渡词：first, then, on the right, on the left, next to, in the middle of, at the foot of, seen from a distance…
单元话题写作
【活学活用】
　　巴黎是法国的首都，也是一个梦幻般的城市，每年吸引世界各地的大批游客来观光游玩。请根据以下要点以“Paris”为题用英语写一篇介绍巴黎的短文。
单元话题写作
　　内容要点如下：
　　1. 地理位置：法国北部；
　　2. 人口：大约一千二百万；
　　3. 气候：不太热也不太冷，春天和秋天最好；
　　4. 基本情况：欧洲第二大城市；法国文化、教育、商业中心；时尚与浪漫之都，很多重大活动在此举行；有悠久的历史和丰富的旅游资源；最著名的有埃菲尔铁塔(the Eiffel Tower)、凯旋门(Arc de Triomphe)和巴黎圣母院 (Notre?Dame de Paris)等。
单元话题写作
　　注意：1. 不要逐条翻译，但是可增加细节，以使文章连贯、通顺；
　　2. 词数100左右。
Paris
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　
单元话题写作

One possible version：
Paris
　　Paris, the capital of France, is located in the north of France. It has a population of about twelve million. It is the second largest city in Europe. As for the weather, it never gets too hot or too cold. And it is at its best during the spring and autumn months.
单元话题写作

　　Paris is the culture, education, and business centre of France. It is a city of fashion and romance. So many important events have been held here. Paris is a modern city with a long history and rich tour resources.
　　There are so many places for people to visit. The most famous are the Eiffel 　　Tower, Arc de Triomphe and Notre?Dame de Paris.
　　In a word, Paris is really a great and attractive city.
单元话题写作
1．________n. 大多数；大半→________ adj.主要的；重要的→____________ n. 少数；少数民族
2．________________ n. 百分比；百分率→______________ n. 百分之几
3．________ adj.人种的；种族的→________ n. 种族；比赛
4．________________ n. 申请人→________ v. 申请；应用 →______________ n. 申请；应用
5．________ vi.发生；出现→________________ n. 发生；出现
单元知识回眸
重点单词
majority
major
minority
percentage
per cent
racial
race
applicant
apply
application
occur
occurrence
6．___________ vt.指出；表明；标示；暗示 →____________ n. 指示；表明；指示物
7．___________ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→_________________ adv.显然地；显而易见地
8．________ vt.& n. 租用；雇用
9．________ n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
10．___________ n. 行李→____________(美) n. 行李
11．________________ n. 处罚；惩罚→________ vt. 惩罚
12．________ n. 正义，公平→________ adj. 公正的，公平的
单元知识回眸
indicate
indication
apparent
apparently
hire
boom
luggage
baggage
punishment
punish
justice
just
13．________ vt.& vi. & n. 改革；革新
14．________ vt. 插入；嵌入
15．________ vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒，滑动
单元知识回眸
insert
slip
reform
1．________________ 　继续存在；继续生存
2．________________ 用……方法；借助……
3．________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4．________________ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5．________________ 与……合作或一起工作
单元知识回眸
重点短语
live on
by means of
make a life
keep up
team up with
6．________________ 用线画出范围；标出……界限
7．________________ 包括；吸收
8．__________________________ 许多；很多
9．________________ 背靠背
10．________________ 申请；请求
单元知识回眸
mark out
take in
a great/good many
back to back
apply for
1．California is　　　　　　　　　　　in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却有着最多的人口。
2．However, ______________________ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，美洲土著人有可能在至少15 000年前就生活在加利福尼亚了。
单元知识回眸
重点句式
the third largest state
it is likely that
3．________________________ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
4．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, ________________ the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast ____________ brought even larger numbers to California ____________________.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到加州了，但是更多的人却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
单元知识回眸
it was
that
in the 1860s
That is why
5．______________________________________________ nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，要不了多久，国籍之间的融合会大大加深，主要种族或文化群体会变得不明显，仅仅剩下一种多种族和多文化的混合体。
单元知识回眸
It is believed that before long the mix of
　　名词性从句(Ⅰ)(宾语从句、表语从句和主语从句)
单元知识回眸
单元语法
　　如何写地点类介绍说明文
单元知识回眸
单元写作
　　[导读] 美国的特许学校是由私营教育企业经营的公立学校。州或地方教育委员会对特许学校有一套特别规定。很多特许学校设置专门的课程，如科学、大众传媒或艺术等。加利福尼亚州的一所特许学校向学生教授保护环境的重要性。
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　　American charter schools are public schools that are run by private educational enterprises, under special rules, or charters, from state or local school boards. Many charter schools have specialized(专门的) areas of study such as science, mass media, or the arts. A charter school near Los Angeles teaches the importance of protecting the environment.
　　Environmental Charter High School, in Lawndale, California, teaches all standard academic subjects as well as studies about the environment. Nearly 500 students are enrolled(登记) at the high school, where they prepare for college.
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　　They also get something extra, says the school founder Alison Suffet Diaz.
“①Once they are here, they are immersed in a curriculum that gets them to look at critical issues in their local communities, and be inspired that they can actually make a difference in their local communities and bring the change that they want to see in the world，” said Alison Suffet Diaz.
　 The teens can get close to nature, and explore topics like alternative energy. Student Rigo Estrada says he was the kind of person who threw trash on the street before he came here.
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　　“Someone tells me，‘Do not do that.’ I would be saying，‘What are you talking about? It does not matter.’ But now that I have seen first?hand videos, I have done beach clean?up, I have helped develop water?catchment systems, and I have taught students at elementary schools the importance of water conservation, I know the importance of green and that it actually is a really serious topic，” says Rigo Estrada.
　 The school also teaches creative arts, integrated in one case with a lesson in physics.
　 The school brings in outside experts, including Nancy Gale, who owns an environmentally friendly business that makes handbags.
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　　“We teach the kids business, marketing, sales, design, and we want these students to see the entire process that actualizes an intangible product，” says Nancy Gale. “The idea behind the programme is that if these kids see what they can do together and what they can accomplish, they can recognize that their skills extend into the same real world as kids that go to successful private schools.”
“And if we all work together and if we all take the initiative, and if we are able to inform people to do what they need to do, then we can really make a change，” says Rodrigo Padilla.
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　　②Whether they pursue careers related to their studies here or not, the sense of empowerment these teens have learned is what Environmental Charter High School was designed to do.
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【典句欣赏】
　　①Once they are here, they are immersed in a curriculum that gets them to look at critical issues in their local communities, and be inspired that they can actually make a difference in their local communities and bring the change that they want to see in the world.
　　句意：学生一入学，就会投入课程的学习之中。这里的课程会让他们关注当地社区的重要问题，激发他们能真正地为自己的社区做出贡献，并给这个世界带来他们希望看到的变化。
　　
延伸拓展阅读
　　赏析：once引导的是一个条件状语从句；主句中的that引导的是一个定语从句，从句中and连接的并列成分共同作them的宾补，构成“get＋宾语＋补语”结构。
②Whether they pursue careers related to their studies here or not, the sense of empowerment these teens have learned is what Environmental Charter High School was designed to do.
　　句意：无论学生们将来是否从事跟他们在这里所学的课程有关的工作，环境特许高中的宗旨就是要让学生们知道，他们有能力给这世界带来变化。
赏析：whether引导让步状语从句；主句中包含了一个what引导的表语从句。
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