Unit 1
Revise the Infinitive
Grammar
Do you believe I can fly like a bird?
How can you believe I can fly like a bird?
_______is to believe.
It’s impossible for humans _________________now.
To see
to fly like a bird
Marty says…
2. I used to climb trees, swim and play
football.
3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.
Have A L k
Unfortunately, the doctors
don’t know how to make
me better, but I am very
outgoing and have learned to adapt to
my disability.
4. Even after all that, no one
could give my disease a name
and it is difficult to know
what the future holds.
5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to
school so my education suffered.
6. My ambition is to work for a firm that
develops computer software when I grow
up.
Have A L k
Marty says…
Have A L k
Marty says…
7. Last year I invented…and a
big company has decided
to buy it from me.
8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially
if I have been away for a while.
9. Just accept them for who they are, and
give them encouragement to live as rich
and full a life as you do.
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
不定式
动词不定式的作用
Functions of Infinitive
1 主语 (subject)
2 表语 (predicative)
3 宾语 (object)
4 宾补 (object complement)
5 定语 (attribute)
6 状语 (adverbial)
7. 独立结构 (absolute construction)
1 不定式作主语 (subject)
To keep smiling is healthy for you.
It’s important to look up the new
words in the dictionary when you
study English.
单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。
My job to protect the world.
Your task is to _____________ .
is
2 不定式作表语 (predicative)
Seeing is to believe.
To see is believing.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
×
√
√
×
不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear,
get, remain等后作表语。
All you have to do is (to) finish the
job quickly.
如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
Yao Ming likes to play
basketball.
I find it still necessary
(for him) to _________
if he wants to win.
3 不定式作宾语 (object)
句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,
care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get,
hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,
want, wish。
4 不定式作宾补 (object complement)
My mum asks me to play the piano
two hours every day.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
引导不定式作宾补的动词：
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
+sb to do sth
listen to
hear
watch
五看
see
look at
observe
notice
三使
let
make
have
二听
一感觉:
feel
+ sb do sth
（不带to）
1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from
the tree.
The boy was seen to fall suddenly
from the tree.
但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：
Mother made John wash the car for
a week.
John was made to wash the car for
a week.
不定式做宾补时不带to的情况
1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；
2 使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作
宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中
要还原to；
3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides
后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的
各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,
相反则带to。
1. She could do nothing but cry.
2. I have no choice but to go.
3.What do you like to do besides sleep.
5 不定式作定语 (attribute)
Kate is looking for a
suitable coat to wear.
Tom has a nice pen
to write with.
1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后
(a) She was very busy and had no time
to visit her friends.
(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have
something important to tell you.
不定式作定语
不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有
三种关系：
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
He is always the first to come.
他总是第一个来。
We all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有上大学的机会。
(1) 动宾关系
(2)主谓关系
(3)同位关系
2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the
only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时
eg: She is always the first to
come and the last to leave.
3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
注意比较：
1) Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？
2) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）
（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是
已被省略的me 或someone else）
4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适
当的介词。
Please pass me some paper to
write____.
on
3. 也可用在have… to do和there be
句型中。
There is no one to take care of her.
I have no jewelry to wear.
I got up early to _____________.
You came here to________.
in order to,
so as to,
enough to,
only to,
too...to
catch the train
6 不定式作状语 (adverbial)
在一些短语中也有体现
eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order)
to be heard.
1. 表示目的: to
in order to
so as to
6 不定式作状语 (adverbial)
2. 表示原因:
不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。
eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you.
We were surprised to hear the news.
so + adj. / adv. + as to do…
such + adj. + n. +as to do…
adj. / adv.+ enough + to do
too + adv. / adj. +to do
He was so foolish as to believe it.
= He was such a fool as to believe it.
= He was foolish enough to believe it.
3. 结果状语:
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the
moment.
to be frank,
to be honest,
to tell the truth
7 独立结构 (absolute construction)
1. It is good to help others.
2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.
3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.
Identify its function.
(subject)
(subject)
(predicative)
想一想
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.
6. A big company has decided to buy it from me.
7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.
(attribute)
(attribute)
(object)
(object)
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life.
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.
10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.
(adverbial)
(adverbial)
(object complement)
动词不定式的时态和语态
形 式 主 动 被 动
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
to do
to have done
to be doing
to have been
doing
to be done
to have been
done
(1) They pretended not to see us.
(2) He pretended to be sleeping.
(3) She pretended to have known it before.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)
(4) We’re happy to have been working with
you.
(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,
不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也
继续。)
不定式的时态
不定式的一般式 to do
I am glad to see you.
He has decided to give her some money.
表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作
或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是
在它之后发生。
不定式的进行式to be doing
I am very glad to be working with you.
He pretended to be working hard
when his boss passed him.
表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动
作同时发生。
不定式的完成式 to have done
He happened to have seen the
film before.
The novel is believed to have been
translated into Chinese.
不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作
或状态之前。
不定式的完成式 to have done
He wanted to have met you at the
airport, but he didn’t get there in time.
表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划
hoped, promised, wanted, wished,
expected, planned…
He would like to have played the
violin at the concert.
不定式的完成式在would like后边表示
未能实现的愿望。
不定式的语态
主动语态 to do
被动语态 to be done
It is an honor for me to be invited to
attend the meeting.
Everyone likes the hero to be praised.
省略to 与省略do
We asked him to stay till the next
day, but he refused to.
Are you a teacher? Yes, and I have
to be
What we want to do now is lie down
and have a good rest.
I didn’t say anything but to make a
gesture.
固定词组和句型
1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)
2. prefer to do sth rather than do sth
3. would rather do
4. would rather +句子（虚拟语气）
5. advise/allow/permit/forbid sb to do
advise/allow/permit/forbid) doing
几对易混淆的词组：
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
doing sth.停止做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
doing sth. 忘记已做了某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
doing sth. 记得曾经做某事
The question is very difficult to answer.
The problem is difficult to deal with.
1. 主语＋be +adj. +to do
能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome
(使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.
主动形式表被动意义的不定式
The box is light enough to carry.
The river water is warm enough to swim in.
2. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do
The books seemed too heavy to carry.
The ice is too thin to skate on.
3. 主语+be +too +adj. +to do
练习
1. Last summer I took a course on____.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
2. I’ve worked with children before, so
I know what _____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect
C. to be expecting D. expects
3. There are five pairs____, but I am at
a loss which to buy.
A to be chosen B to choose from
C to choose D for choosing
4. I find these problems are easy___.
A. to be worked out
B. to work them out
C. to work out
D. to be worked them out
5. ____late in the morning, Bob turned
off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep D . Having slept
6. I would love ___to the party last
night but I had to work extra hours
to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone
C. going D. to have gone
7. John was made ____the truck for
a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing
C. wash D. to be washing
8. Tom kept quiet about the accident
＿＿ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to
C. so as to not D. not so as to
9. The patient was warned ___oily
food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
_____________________ are both great happiness.
2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。
He is said _________________________
________.
3 根据报道他们已安全到达。
They are reported ___________________.
To love and to be loved
to have finished/completed
his work
翻译下面的句子
to have arrived safely
4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。
I want this bike _____________________
______________.
5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。
Mary seemed ______________________.
6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚
金牌。
He is known _________________ a gold medal at the Olympics.
to be repaired at once
to have been told about it
to have been given
/immediately
I want to tell you something...
Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.
For example
Hi, I want to tell you something. I will go
to Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do
you want to go with me? First, I’d like to
go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most
of time I am there only to do some
window shopping, because everything is
expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao
Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the
new fashion style of this season. By the
way, do you know anything to entertain us?
If so, I can’t wait to have a try!
Why not come and join me?
Homework:
Revise the infinitive.
Finish the exercises on P.P. 4-5.
Thank you!
Period Two Learning about Language 动词不定式的用法(Ⅰ)
学案
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时to可以省略。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语和状语，在一起构成不定式短语。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，其句法作用如下：
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．作主语
To build the Great Wall took them many years.
建成万里长城花费了他们许多年时间。
To play tricks on others is wrong.
捉弄别人是不对的。
作主语用的动词不定式(短语)常常用it替代，是先行主语或形式主语，真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在后面。上面两句可改写为：
It took many years to build the Great Wall.
It is wrong to play tricks on others.
2．作宾语
在begin，continue，hope，decide，want，wish，try，learn，afford，agree，determine，expect，fail，manage，offer，refuse等动词后通常用不定式作宾语。
Doctors tried to save his life.
医生们试图挽救他的生命。
某些及物动词后不能接动词不定式作宾语，只能用动词的?ing形式作宾语，这样的动词有avoid，advise，admit，consider，escape，enjoy，finish，mind，miss，risk，suggest，practise，excuse，imagine，keep等，词组can’t help，put off，give up，look forward to等。
Have you finished writing the English novel?
你写完那本英文小说了吗？
The old man enjoys listening to music.老人喜欢听音乐。
某些动词既可用动词不定式作宾语，又可用动词的?ing形式作宾语，意义区别不大。
It started to rain/raining.天开始下雨了。
有的及物动词，如like，love，prefer，dislike，hate等后接动词不定式作宾语指一次的、一时的具体动作，接动词?ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作和情况。例如：
Though his income is small，he loves buying/to buy books.
尽管他收入少，却爱买书。
I’d like to have something to drink.
我想喝点东西。(would/should like后只能接动词不定式作宾语，因为想做的是一次的、一时的具体动作)
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.
天下雨时他宁愿呆在屋里。(指经常情况，所以用动词?ing 形式作宾语)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
我宁可今天下午呆在家里。(指具体的、一时的情况，所以宾语用动词不定式)
有几个动词如forget，remember，regret等后面用动词不定式和动词?ing形式作宾语，意义不同。
Remember to lock the door when you leave the room.
离开房间时记住锁门。(记住去做某件尚未做的事)
I remember seeing him somewhere.
我记得曾在哪儿见过他。(记得自己曾做过某事)
3．作宾语补足语
有些动词如ask，tell，order，cause，allow，want，like，advise，force，permit，prohibit，get等用名词或代词作宾语，后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
露西请他把收音机音量开小一点。
It’s no use ordering me to rest when the wounded are waiting.在伤员们等着我的时候，命令我休息是没有用的。
You must get your friends to help you.
你应让你的朋友帮助你。
有些动词如make，let，have，see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel等需要不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The sun makes everything grow.太阳使万物生长。
He will have someone open the door for you.
他会找人替你开门的。
Would you please help me (to) look after Lily?
请你帮助我照顾一下莉莉好吗？(help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to也可不带to。)
上述各句若变为被动语态，宾语变为主语，宾语补足语则变为主语补足语。动词不定式作主语补足语时，一定要带动词不定式符号to。
He was asked to turn down the radio.
他被要求将收音机音量开小。
They were made to work day and night.
他们被迫日夜工作。
The boy was seen to enter the room.
有人看见小男孩走进房间。
并非所有及物动词都可以后接名词、代词作宾语再加动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I hope you will succeed.我希望你成功。
(不可说：I hope you to succeed.)
I suggested/suggest that he leave at once.
我建议他马上离开。
(不可说：I suggested him to leave at once.)
有些动词如think，consider，believe，know，find，expect等用“to be＋形容词或名
词”作宾语补足语，to be有时可省略。
We consider you (to be) the best man for the job.
我们认为你是最适合做这项工作的人。
He thought the answer (to be) interesting.
他认为回答有趣。
They found her (to be) an able woman.
他们发现她是个能干的女人。
4．作表语
动词不定式作表语，和连系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语的内容。
To Dr.Bethune，the most important thing is to save lives.
对白求恩大夫来说，最重要的事是挽救生命。
The boy’s wish is to become a scientist.
男孩的愿望是成为一名科学家。
当不定式短语作表语用来解释前面从句中含有do/does/did的精确含义时，to常省略。
What we need to do is reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy.
我们所要做的事是减少能源消耗和利用各种天然能源。
The only thing (that) you have to do is (to) press the button.
你所要做的惟一一件事就是按一下按钮。
5．作定语
动词不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些东西吃。
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有许多家庭作业要做。
He has no way to protect crops.
他没有保护庄稼的方法。
动词不定式作定语所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；而动词?ing形式作定语表示的动作通常和谓语动词同时发生。
Do you know the doctor to be sent for from Shanghai?
你认识那位将从上海请来的医生吗？
6．作状语
(1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?))表示目的，作目的状语，通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首。
They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions.
他们让我减慢工作只是为了问几个问题。
在动词不定式前可加in order或so as加强目的或意义，前者可用于句首、句中、句末，后者只能用于句末。
Check your composition carefully so as not to make mistakes.
仔细检查你的作文避免错误。
In order to catch the thief，the policeman ran as quickly as he could.为了抓住小偷，警察尽可能快跑。
(2)表示结果，作结果状语，有时用enough to，so...as to或too...to...这类结构。
What has he done to make you so happy?
他做了什么使你如此高兴？
His wife was so greedy as to ask for things again and again.
他妻子太贪心，一再地索取东西。
(3)表示原因，作原因状语，常用“主语＋be＋某些形容词＋动词不定式”结构。
Nice to meet you，too.我见到你也很高兴。
There is no doubt that Mrs.Li will be glad to look after the little boy.毫无疑问，李太太将很高兴照料这个小男孩。
Period Two Grammar
TEACHING PROCEDURES
StepI预习检测(学生活动)
Ask the students to recite some words and expressions of this unit.
Ask the students to answer some questions about the grammar.
StepII导入新课，明确目标（教师活动）
1.Learning aims[来源:学科网ZXXK]
Enable Ss to use the The use of the passive infinitive correctly..
2. 翻译下列句子
1)我想尽快有个假期 I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .
2)老师进来的时候他们假装在学习。They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.
3)很抱歉让你一直等着。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
4)据说他写了一部小说。He was said to have written a novel.
5)据说他整个月都和专家们一起工作。
He was said to have been working with the experts all the month.
6)下个月竣工的那栋楼是我们的体育馆The building to be finished next month is our stadium.
7)为了学好英语，我们除了说英语外别无选择．
We have no choice but to speak English so as to learn English well.
8)我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。I was delighted to be invited to her party.
StepIII师导生学，互动探究（师生互动）
动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing 无
完成进行式 to have been doing 无
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式 (to be done).
eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.
2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.
3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.[来源:学科网]
He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.
4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.
eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
StepⅣ 不定式被动式的用法: （group work小组互动，交流展示）
He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.
She was glad to have been given so much help.
The meeting to be held is of great importance.
The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.
This house seems to have been built by a good architect
Little else remains to be done today.
I was delighted to be invited to her party.
总结归纳：不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式。不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动同时发生或在其后发生;
不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
一 不定式的被动形式有下列用法:
4. 构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
5. 作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
6. 作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
StepⅤ不定式的主动形式表示被动（合作探究，突破疑难）
1. 在there be+名词+ to do结构中，不定式与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果强调的是必须由人完成某件事，不定式多用主动形式；如果强调事情本身必须被动完成，则用被动式 例如：
There is a lot of homework to do.
There is no time to lose.
Are there any more letters to be posted?
2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中,常用主动表被动
常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible，nice, pleasant, light heavy, fit, interesting，important, expensive, cheap, dangerous等。如：
He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with
The question is easy to answer.
3不定式to blame，to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
Who is to blame？该怪谁呢? The house is to let.此屋出租。
4在too...to do sth.和．..enough to do sth.这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth.为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但有时也可直接用被动式)。
The writing is too faint to read (to be read)．
这笔迹太模糊，看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use (to be used) as a platform.
这些箱子不够牢，不能用来作讲台。
Record after Teaching
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________
Period 3 Grammar
Teaching aims
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．Students will be able to recognize the infinitives and know the exact meanings of them.
2．Students will be able to use these structures correctly.
Teaching procedures
?Step 1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?) Revision
Ask several students to retell Marty's story.Show Marty's mini biography on the PowerPoint.
My mini biography
Name Marty Fielding
Status High school student
Health Developed a muscle disease at the age of 1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)0，very weak，cannot do things like normal people
Interests and Hobbies ·Enjoying writing and computer programming ·Going to the movies and football matches with friends ·Spending a lot of time with my pets—two rabbits，a parrot，a tank full of fish and a tortoise
Ambition To work for a firm that develops computer software
Motto Live one day at a time
?Step 2 Discovering useful structures
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．基本概念
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。
2．基本形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing /
完成进行式 to have been doing /
否定形式 not to do not to be done
疑问词＋不定式 wh－ to do wh－ to be done
复合结构 sb.to do/for sb.to do /
3.句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即for sb.to do sth.。
It is good to_help_others.(subject)
It is my ambition to_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_
access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)
My ambition is_to_work_in the computer industry when I grow up.(predicative)
I don't have time to_sit_around feeling sorry for myself.(attributive)
I am the only student in my class to_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)
A big company has decided to_buy_it_from_me.(object)
My fellow students have begun to_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)
I have had to work hard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)
Some days I am too tired to_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)
We must call on local government_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people. (object complement)
4．不定式的时态与语态
根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(to do)，完成式(to have done)，完成进行式(to have been doing)，进行式(to be doing)等时态形式以及被动形式to be done和to have been done。
He didn't allow us to go home early.
他不允许我们早回家。
He seemed to have seen the film.
他好像看过这部电影。
She is said to have been living in the city for six years.
据说她住在该城市六年了。
The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。
He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.
据说他几年前在国外学习过。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说此书已被译成了多种语言。
[注意]
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．The following verbs are usually followed by the infinitive.
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish
For example：
I can't afford to_go to the pub.
He agreed to_practice_more.
You should learn to_express_yourself.
They managed_to_fix_the_problem.
2．Explanation of the gerund and the infinitive
Some words can be followed by either the infinitive or the －ing form.Please pay attention when there is no difference in meaning and when there is difference.
(1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?))The gerund and the infinitive (no difference in meaning)
We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs：
begin He began talking. He began to talk.
continue They continue smoking.They continue to smoke.
hate Do you hate working on Saturdays？Do you hate to work on Saturdays？
like I like swimming.I like to swim.
love She loves painting. She loves to paint.
prefer Pat prefers walking home.Pat prefers to walk home.
start They start singing.They start to sing.
We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs.There are two possible structures after these verbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive
advise They advise walking_to town.They advise us_to_walk to town.
allow They do not allow smoking here.They do not allow_us_to_smoke_here.
encourage They encourage_doing_the test.They encourage us_to_do_the test.
permit They do not permit smoking here.They do not permit us_to_smoke here.
We use the following structures after the word recommend：
recommend They recommend walking_to town.They recommend that_we_(should)_walk_to_town.
(2)Some verbs or verb phrases have different meanings when used with the gerund or the infinitive.
GERUND INFINITIVE
forget He'll never forget spending_so much money on his first computer. 他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。 Don't forget to_spend money on the tickets. 不要忘记用钱去买票。
go on Go on reading the text.继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事) Go on to_read_the text.继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)
mean You have forgotten your homework again.That means phoning_your mother.你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。 I meant to_phone your mother，but my mobile didn't work.我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。
remember I remember switching_off the lights when I went on holiday.我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。 Remember to_switch_off the lights when you go on holiday当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。
stop Stop reading_the text.停止读这篇文章。 Stop to_read_the text.停下来读这篇文章。
try Why don't you try running_after the dog？你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？ I tried to_run after the dog，but I．..我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……
?Step 3 Drilling
Ask students to do Exercise 2 on Page 5 and check with their partners then check together.
Keys：to have kept you waiting；to have forgotten；to have finished；
Ask students to do Exercise 3 and share their past experience in a group.
Keys：to have spent；To free；to see；to treat；to help pass；to abolish
?Step 4 Using the infinitive
Ask students to translate the following sentences into English and pay attention to the use of the infinitive.
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。
2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。
3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。
4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。
5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。
6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。
Suggested answers：
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)．I forgot to ask you to go to the community service center.
2．It's very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.
3．I don't know where to find such a kind of button.
4．Luckily，we don't have much more work to do.
5．Helen is very pleased to have travelled in more than 20 provinces and cities in China.
6．She has been very successful in her work，and now her greatest wish is to get married and have some children.
?Step 5 Homework
Finish off Exercises 2 and 3 on P49.
动词不定式专项练习
课时训练
1. He is said to ____ to his country because a new president comes into power.
A. be allowed to return B. allow to return
C. allow returning D. be allowed returning
2. He spoke in such a high voice ____ at the further end of the room.
A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear
3. --- Why was the official meeting called?
--- ____ new officers.
A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. To have select
4. In Australia, he made a lot of friends ____ a using practical knowledge of the English language.
A. to get B. get C. getting D. got
5. To play fair is as important as ____ .
A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well
6. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. eating C. to meet D. to have met
7. Rather than _____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride, ride B. riding, ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding
8. The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
9. --- Do you work in the lab every afternoon?
--- No, but sometimes, I wish I ____ .
A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time
10. I’ll do whatever I can ____ my English.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
11. Could you tell me the way you’ve thought of _____ ?
A. to do it B. doing it C. do it D. has to do it
12. He was often listened ____ in the next room.
A. sing B. sung C. to to sing D. to singing
13. Would you be ____ shut the window?
A. enough kind to B. kind enough not to
C. kind enough to D. so kind enough as to
14. Don’t take the medicine, it can’t help ____ rid of your cold.
A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. gets
15. My grandmother seems to have a lot ____ .
A. worry about B. to worry C. to be worried D. to worry about
16. Every minutes is made full _____ of _____ our lessons.
A. to use, study B. use, studying C. useful, to study D. use, to study
17. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
18. You shouldn’t allow ____ games near the classroom, for it’s too noisy.
A. student playing B. play C. students to play D. to play
19. The waiter was made _____ to the guest.
A. apologize B. apologizing C. to apologize D. to be apologizing
20. Whom would you rather _____ the work?
A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to do D. have do
21. I had meant _____ on you, but I was so busy.
A. call B. to call C. calling D. be calling
22. --- Do you often have someone____ your clothes?
--- Yes, I often have them ____ .
A. wash, to wash B. to wash, washed C. washed, wash D. wash, washed
23. She actually heard about it, but he pretended_____ .
A. to hear not B. not hearing C. to not hear D. not to
24. Pieces of bamboo or wood ____ books between 2nd and 5th century AD.
A. used to formed B. used to form C. were used to form D. used to be forming
25. ---Why did you move the table over there?
--- ______ the new sofa?
A. Share room with B. To make room for C. Given room for D. Saving room for
26. A middle-aged woman came _______ to the bus stop only ______ the bus had gone.
A. to run, finding B. running, to find C. and ran, found D. running, find
27. To know what is good and ______ are two different things.
A. knowing what is wrong B. do what is right
C. to do what is right D. doing what is right
28. Smith appears ______ a long time. He is impatient for my arrival.
A. to wait B. to be waiting C. to have waited D. to have been waiting
29. Our professor has just come back from aboard. He seems ______ his trip very much.
A. to enjoy B. to have enjoyed C. to be enjoying D. to have been enjoying
30. --- Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him?
--- He didn’t pass the test but he still _______.
A. hopes so B. hopes that C. hopes to D. hopes it
31 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). The houses _______ are for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.
A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
32. --- Why did you come a long way round?
--- I was afraid _____ near the fierce dog because I was afraid????_______.
A. of walking, to be bitten B. to walk, of being bitten
C. to walk, to be bitten D. of walking, of being bitten
33. He is said ______ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. to have been badly treated B. treating badly
C. being badly treated D. to be treated badly
34. Some kids wish people wouldn’t keep on _____ how, years ago, children were made _____ far more respect to their elders.
A. point out, show B. pointing out, showing
C. pointing out, to show D. to pointing, to show
35. The last person _____ the sinking ship was the captain.
A. left B. leave C. to leave D. to be leaving
36. The bank is reported in the evening newspaper ____ in board daylight yesterday.
A. being robbing B. to be robbed C. having been robbed C. to have been robbed
37. --- Why was he fined?
--- He happened to _____ several flowers in the park.
A. be seen pick B. be seen picking C. be caught to pick D. catch picking
38. --- Do you have anything more ____, sir?
--- No, you can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type
39. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance?
A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss
40. Another man- made earth satellite is reported in Beijing Evening News ______ into orbit yesterday.
A. to have been put B. to be put C. to have put D. having been put
41 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). --- I’m terribly sorry, but I seem ____ a hole in the rug.
--- Oh, that’s all right.
A. burn B. to burn C. to have burnt D. to be turning
42. It is impossible for anyone _____ these photographs before, because Mr. Newman had them developed today.
A. having seen B. to have seen C. to see D. seeing
43. If the work _____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. is completed B. to be completed C. has been completed D. being completed
44. I would love _____ to the cinema last night, but I had to look after my sick sister at home.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
45. --- Did you seen Tom? He said he would come back for supper at six o’clock..
--- He seems ____ with Bob in the lake.
A. to swim B. to be swimming C. to have swim D. swimming
46. Reading English in the morning seems to be a rule _____.
A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to break
47. ______ the examination, all the students are studying hard.
A. Don’t fail B. Not fail C. Not failing D. Not to fail
48. The boy the teachers considered ____ failed in the final exam, ______ surprised them very much.
A. to be the best student, which B. as the best student, that
C. to have been studying well, that D. such as a good student, which
49. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only ______ to come again the next day.
A. telling B. to be told C. told d. being told
50. --- Why won’t you engaged in trade?
--- Father desired me _____ into business, but I chose to study law.
A. going B. having gone C. to have gone D. to go
51 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). --- Why so serious, dear?
--- Nothing. I’m just thinking about the problem _____ tomorrow.
A. discussed B. will be discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussed
52. _____ over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard.
A. Having won B. Won C. Winning D. To win
53. The boy needs____ all about it.
A. to know B. to be known C. know D. knowing
54. He used to ____ up late, but now he is used to _____ up early.
A. get, get B. get, getting C. getting, get D. getting, getting
55. _______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.
A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Having improved
56. --- I’d like Mary to type the report.
--- Don’t trouble her. She _____ have not time ______ it before she leaves.
A. must, to finish B. must, finishing C. would, to finish D. would, finishing
57. The badly wounded soldier slowly opened his lips as if ______ something.
A. to say B. said C. he had said D. was saying
58. --- Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
--- No, he _____, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. was to have C. will D. was going to join
59. The theory of relativity is hard ______ .
A. to understand B. understood C. understanding D. being understood
60. ---- I’m trying to use this machine, but it won’t start.
---- Let me show you how to start it. See, all you have to do is _____ this button.
A. to press B. press C. to turn D. turn
61 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). I blamed him so angrily for his mistakes, but I ______ it like that.
A. would rather not do B. wouldn’t rather do
C. would rather not have done D. wouldn’t rather have done
62. --- Who are you going to have ______ this letter for you?
--- My secretary.
A. type B. typed C. been typed D. been typing
63. The driver kept ____ about the accident ____ lose his job.
A. still, in order to not B. quiet, not so as to
C. silent, so as not to D. calm, in order not to
64. No one _____ that building without the permission of the police.
A. is leaving B. is to leave C. has left D. will be leaving
65. The Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2008 will be exciting.
A. hold B. held C. holding D. to be held
66. Which do you enjoy _____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend C. being spend D. spend
67. How pleased the detective was ____ what his customer told him?
A. hearing B. heard C. to hearing D. to hear
68. There is more land in Australia than the government knows _____ .
A. what to do with B. to do with it C. how to do D. to do it
69. A kind gentleman offered ____ my bags to the taxi stand.
A. his help carried B. carrying C. me to carry D. to help me to carry
70. He firmly asked _____ a chance to try his luck, which at once encouraged _____.
A. to give, the other, four B. to be given, the other four
C. be given, four the other C. giving, the four others
71 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). I could do nothing but _____ that I didn’t know.
A. to pretend B. pretend C. pretended D. pretending
72. The TV sets made by our factory sell best, but 1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)0 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they ????____.
A. were having B. were to have C. had had D. had
73. _____ over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard.
A. Having won B. Won C. Winning D. To win
74. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they____.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. survive D. will survive
75. Whom had you better ____ it?
A. to let do B. let to do C. let do D. to let to do
76. How pleased the emperor was _____ what the cheats had said.
A. hearing B. heard C. to hear D. hear
77. The Three Gorges Dam ____ now on Changjiang River is _____ soon.
A. to be put up, completed B. putting up, being completed
C. to be put up, being completed D. being put up, to be completed
78. --- How fortunate Mr. Li was _____ to the USA for further study!
--- Have you heard from him recently?
A. to have been sent B. having been sent C. to be sent D. sent
79. While he was stealing into the office, he _____ by his boss.
A. Happened to see B. was happened to see
C. Was happened to be seen D. happened to be seen
80. --- Where is George? He said he would meet me here at 3 o’clock..
--- He seems _____ with Mr. Brown in the office.
A. to talk B. to be talking C. to have talked D. talking
81 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). My cousin has passed the entrance examination. My family sent him an E-mail _____ his success.
A. to congratulate him on B. congratulating him on
C. and congratulated with him D. congratulate to him
82. I often think of the things ____ most in those days.
A. satisfying me B. satisfied me C. to satisfy me D. to be satisfied
83. All I want is ____ treated as a child by the teachers and parents.
A. not be B. being c. not to be D. to be not
84. The last man ____ the disappointing news was the patient’s sick father.
A. knew B. knows C. to know D. knowing
85. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make
86. --- Where should I send my form?
--- The Personnel Office is the place_______.
A. for sending it B. to send it to C. to sent D. to sent it
87. You are _____ too old ______ a Christmas stocking.
A. never, to enjoy B. / , enjoying C. / , enjoy D. never, enjoying
88. A computer does only what thinking people _____ .
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
89. He let me repeat his instructions _____ sure that I understood what was _____ after he went away.
A. to make, to be done B. making, doing C. to make, to do D. making, to do
90. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____ . He always works hard.
A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. learning
91 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?). We are _____ glad to do anything we can ____ her.
A. too, to help B. very, help C. too, help D. very, helping
92. I would rather starve to death than_____ for food.
A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg
93. We hurried to the bus station ____ that the bus had already left.
A. only finding B. only to find C. to find only D. to only find
94. You must have taken a lot of trouble _____ this materials for us.
A. to find B. finding C. having found D. to have found
95. He was afraid _____ forwards because he was afraid _____ down.
A. of going, of falling B. of going, to fall C. to go, of falling D. to go, to fall
96. I hate _____ their complaints all day. One of these days, I will tell them what I really think.
A. and pay attention to B. listening to C. to have heard D. not think of
97. The way they talked _____ the problem seemed impossible.
A. about settling B. to settle C. of settling D. about to settle
98. ---Why did he let you repeat his instruction time and time over?
--- _____ that I remember what was _____ after he went out.
A. To make sure, to do B. Making sure, to be done
C. To see to it, to be done D. Seeing to, done
99. --- Why did you come to see the play you didn’t like?
--- I shouldn’t like ______ , but my friend insisted. I like _____ .
A. having come, to dance B. to have come, dancing
C. to come, to dance D. coming, dancing
answers:
1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-5 AACAA 6-1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)0 CCAAB 1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)5 ACCBD 1 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)6-20 DBCCD 21 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-25 BDDCB 26-30 BCDBC
31 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-35 BBACC 36-40 DBBCA 41 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-45 CBBBB 46-50 CDABC 51 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-55 CDABB
56-60 CABAB 61 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-65 CACBD 66-70 BDADB 71 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-75 BBDCC 76-80 CDADB
81 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-85 ACCCB 86-90 BAAAC 91 (?http:?/??/?gk.canpoint.cn" \o "欢迎登陆全品高考网?)-95 AABAC 96-99 BDCB
