人教版高中英语必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement Grammar 主谓一致 课件 (共46张)

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名称 人教版高中英语必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement Grammar 主谓一致 课件 (共46张)
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更新时间 2019-04-10 22:26:45

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课件46张PPT。Subject-Verb
Agreement
主谓一致 Grammar在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为四个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致、就近一致和就远一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 ??? 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
What he said is very important for us all.
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. ? 注意: 由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:What I bought were three English books.
What he said is helpful to me. 1).To hold the Olympic Games____ a rich
prize for a country. (be) 2). Choosing what to eat ___ no longer as
easy as it once was.isis What we need more time .
由what, who, why, how, whether等引导的主语
从句,谓语动词通常用单数,(但所指的具体内
容为复数意义,则可以用复数形式. What we
need are teachers.)3)is2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:The writer and artist has come.
② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:Every student and every teacher was in the room..
No boy and no girl likes it.
(1) He and I _____both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。
(2) Both rice and wheat grown in this part of China. (be)
and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词用复数。语法一致原则arearea singer and dancer
The singer and dancer ____(be) on the stage.is Attention:
由and连接的两个并列主语指同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数,这时后面的名词没有冠词。
1).The worker and writer ______ our school today.( visit )
2).The worker and the writer _________ to the meeting . (have come / has come )
have comeis visitingThe gift is used to have western meals.
What is it?a knife and forkA knife and fork used to have meals.is 3、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
如:Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is water. 由each, every, no, many a所修饰的名词,即使用 and连接作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
e.g. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
A. has??? B. have?? C. had??? D. is having
Many a person read the novel. (have)
Ahas注意:① 在口语中当neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如:None of us has (have) been to America. Nothing ________ (be)difficult in the world if you set your mind to it .is 不定代词everybody, everyone, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, nothing, each, the other, 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数. 2. Everything ready. (be)is3. Someone to see you. (want)wants 4、在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 5、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, group, committee, government, band, club, 等。
如:Class Four is on the third floor.
Class Four are excited at the news
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. The group ____(be) made up of nine students.The group____ (be) dancing happily.isareThe team ____ (have) some good players.
The team ____(be) handsome. hasare6、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom.
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls. ??? 注意: a number of"许多",作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of"…的数量",主语是number,谓语用单数。 7、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Here comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
如:Which is your bag?
Which are your bags?
All is going well.
All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示"时间、重量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体
如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如: The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词,在表示单位数量用作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数。A million dollars __(is/are) really a lot of money.
isSixty years a long time. (be)
Three thousand miles a long distance. (be)
Fifty kilograms not too heavy to be carried.
(be)
isisis??? 4、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如:Twelve plus eight is twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 5. 由分数或百分数或a lot of, lots of, half of, the rest of, some of, most of, all of , (a) part of +名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与of 后面的名词的数一致
e.g. Lots of damage ______(be) caused by the fire.
Some students are planting trees. The rest of them ______(be) watering them.
On the earth about 75% of the surface _____(be) covered with waterwasareis 6、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The paper works was built in 1990.
I think physics isn't easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, scissors, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
如:My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
??? 9、"定冠词the + 形容词或分词",表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 (三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right? A or B
Not A but B
Either A or B
Neither A nor B
Not only A but also B
Verb Here
There+Verb A and B A , B and C 2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
??? 注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。 就近原则Neither you nor I ____(be) wrong.
There _____(be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis
Not only you but also he ____ wrong. (is/are)Neither you nor he ___ right. (is/are)There ___ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are)Here __ a map and a handbook for you. (is/are)isisareis 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, along with, together with, like, except, but, as well as, rather than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
如:
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children,
has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.(四) 就远原则1. The teacher with two students ______ at the meeting . (was / were)
2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, ________ an
important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play wasA
A library with five thousand books ____(be) offered to the nation as a gift.
Nobody but Jane ________(know) the secret. wasknows 1. I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. ??? A. am??????????? B. is??????? C. are????????? D. be ?2. The rich ____ not always happy. ??? A. are?????????? B. is????????? C. has?????????? D. have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. ??? A. are????????? B. am???????? C. is???????????? D. was 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. ??? A. are studying??????? B. have studied?????
C. studies?????? ? ??? D. study 5. Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party. ??? A. wish??????? B. wishes?????? C. is like?????? D. like ??? 6. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. ??? A. was??????? B. is????????????? C. would be??? D. are ??? 7. The population of China ____ larger than that of any other country in the world. ??? A. is??????????? B. are?????????? C. has????????????? D. have ??? 8. Every means ____ tried but without any result. ??? A. have been???????? B. is to be?????
??? C. are to be???????? D. has been 9. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. ??? A. was punished????? B. punished????
C. were punished??? D. being punished ??? 10. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting this afternoon. ??? A. is????????? B. was?????? C. are????????? D. is being ???11. The great writer and professor____. ??? A. is an old man???????????????????? B. are both old men ??? C. is an old man and a young man???? D. were two Chinese ??? 12. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. ??? A. are????????? B. is?????????? C. has???????????? D. have 13. A large number of students in our class____ girls. ??? A. are???????? B. was??????? C. is????????? D. be ??? 14. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are. ??? A. doesn' t change??? B. don't change??
?? C. change?????????? D. changed ???15. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. ??? A. is??????????? B. are??????? C. was?????????? D. were ??? 16. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published. ??? A. has been????? B. have been?????? C. was???????? D. is 17. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A .is four??B. are; four???C. is; five????D. are; five 18 .The United States of America_____ one of the most developed countries in the world. ??? A. is????????? B. are??????? C. was?????? D. were
19.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected. ??? A. are???????? B. have????? C. has?????? D. is 20.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. ??? A. have???B. has???C. have been?????D. has been 21."All____ present and all____ going on well,“
our monitor said. ??? A. is; is???B. are; are?? C. are; is?????? D. is; are
22.Your trousers____ dirty. You must have____
washed. ??? A. is; it???? B. are; it??????C. are; them? D. is; them 23.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.
??? A. is?????????B. be?????????? C .are????????? D. were ??? ? 24. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four. ??? A. is??????? B. are????????C. get??????? D. equal ? 25 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. ??? A. seems?????? B. seem????
?? C. seemed???? D. has seemed
26.____of the money____ run out. ??? A. Three-fifth; has?????
? B. Three-fifth; has been ??? C. Three-fifths; has??????????
D. Three-fifths; have 27. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult. ??? A. is???????B. are?????????? C. was?????????? D. were
28. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. ??? A. stand??????????? B. stands???????
C. standing??????? D. are
?29. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. ??? A. is???????? B. was?????????? C. are??????????? D. all 30. More than one member ____ against the plan. ??? A. is????????????? B. are??????????? C. has??????????? D. have ?31. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. ??? A. has not decided???????????????? B. is not decided ??? C. are not decided???????????????? D. have not decided
? 32. Half of the fruit ____ bad. ??? A. are?????????? B. has??????????? C. is?????????? D. have ? 33. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? ??? A. Have?? B. Had?? C. Has?? D. Is Thank you!