中考英语语法复习——（宾语从句）（无答案）

宾语从句
【定义】在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。根据作用的不同，宾语从句的引导词通常分为以下几类：
连接词
连接词的作用
例句
that
本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可以省略。
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
whether/if
意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher? 他问我高小姐是不是以为老师。
what,which,who,whose等连接代词
在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么？
when,where,why,how
等连接副词
在从句中充当状语
Could you tell me where you live? 你能告诉我你住在哪里吗？
一、宾语从句的连接词的用法
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。常用的连接词有：that; if; whether; what; which; who; whom; when; where; how; why等。
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。在口语中that常被省略。
【例】I know (that) you are a student. 我知道你是一名学生。
【易错点】引导词that在以下情况时不可以省略。
(1) 当宾语从句的主语是that时。
He says that that is a useful book. 他说那是一本有用的书。
(2) 当宾语从句为主从复合句时。
I’m afraid that if you have lost it, you must pay for it. 恐怕如果你丢了它，你必须赔偿。
(3) 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。
He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说这部电影很有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。
2. 宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether来引导。if, whether意为“是否”，whether还可以与or not连用。
【例】Lily wanted to know if her grandma liked the handbag. 莉莉想知道她的姐姐是否喜欢这个手提袋。
【注意】当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not. 我不知道是不是快要下雨了。
3. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导。
【例】He didn’t tell me where he was going. 他没告诉我他想去哪儿。
Can you tell me what he said just now？ 你能告诉我他刚才说什么吗？
二、宾语从句的语序
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。
【例】She said, “ I will leave a message on the desk.”
She said that she would leave a message on the desk. 她说她会在桌上留口信的。
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化，后面接陈述句语序。
【例】“Where are the tickets？” I asked him.
I asked him where the tickets were. 我问他票在哪儿。
注意：宾语从句的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。具体变化规则如下表：
直接引语的主语
变为间接引语后
第一人称
与主句的主语一致
第二人称
与主句的宾语一致
第三人称
不变
【例】“Do you like dancing? he asked me?
He asked me if I/whether I liked dancing. 他问我是否喜欢跳舞。
三、宾语从句的时态规则
1. 如果主句是某种现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。
【例】Could you tell me what he said at the meeting？
你能告诉我他在会上说什么。
He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.
他会告诉我们他已经能告诉他自己。
Tell him when we will finish our work.
告诉他我们什么时候完成工作。
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般应与主句时态保持一致，用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等)。
【例】He said that he was born in Wenzhou in 1996.
他说他1996年出生于温州。
They said that they had already seen the film.
他们说他们已经看过这部电影了。
3. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理时，从句时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。
【例】Everyone knew there are 365 days in a year.
大家都知道一年有365天。
She said that two heads are better than one.
她说三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。
He said that the sun rises in the east.
他说太阳从东方升起。
【记忆口诀】主过从必过，主现从随变，真理永一现。
四、宾语从句的否定前移
在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
【例】I don’t suppose he will come. 我猜他不会来。
【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。
【例】She thinks she can’t arrive there on time. 她认为她不能按时到那儿。
五、宾语从句的简化
1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope, wish, decide等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
【例】I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again. 我希望能再次见到你。
2. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
【例】I don’t know what I should say.
＝I don’t know what to say. 我不知道该说什么。
3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为不定式结构或“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
【例】Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
＝Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall. 胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps？
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？ 请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票。
热身练习
一、用括号里选择合适的连接词填空。
1. Lucy told me_____________ she began to learn swimming. (what, when)
2. Could you tell me __________ the nearest hospital is? ( what, where)
3. I don’t know ___________ he will come tomorrow. (that, if)
4. I want to know _________ he has been back. (how soon, how long)
5. I was really surprised _________ I saw. (when, what)
6. The teacher says ________ she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk. (that, when)
7. The boy asks ___________ I heard any noise from outside or not. (whether, if)
8. The teacher want to know ___________ she didn’t come yesterday. (when, why)
二、用动词正确形式填空。
1. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang whether she ________ (finish) her homework.
2. My teacher told us that the sun ________(rise) from the east?
3. Do you know where she _________(park) her car yesterday?
4. I want to know where they __________(go) to work tomorrow.
5. I don’ t know who ____________ (knock) at the door so loudly just now.
小试牛刀
一、单项选择
( ) 1. I hear ________ easy.
A. that math isn't B. if math isn't C. what math is D. that math
( ) 2. She told me ________ her teacher.
A. Mr. Green is B. that Mr. Green is
C. if Mr. Green was D. Mr. Green was
( ) 3. Do you know ________ to that post office?
A. how much is it B. how far it is C. how far is it D. how long it is
( ) 4. Teacher told us ________.
A. the earth traveled around the sun
B. the earth will travel around the sun
C. the earth travels around the sun
D. the earth did travel around the sun
( ) 5. Do you know ________ so worried?
A. why is your friend B. why was your friend
C. why your friend is D. how is your friend
( ) 6. Do you know ________ ?
A. whose child he is B. whose child is he
C. who’s child is he D. who's child he is
( ) 7. He asked which picture ________ .
A. is Mike's B. Mike's was C. was Mike's D. Mike's is
( ) 8. I didn't know ________ in the classroom.
A. is she B. if she is C. if was she D. if she was
( ) 9. Does anybody know ________ for Xi'an tomorrow?
A. if is Lucy leaving B. if Lucy leaves
C. that Lucy is leaving D. that Lucy leaves
( ) 10. Do you know ________ back soon?
A. when she will come B. if will she come
C. if she will come D. if she comes
( ) 11. I heard ________ badly hurt.
A. that his son is B. if his son was
C. that his son was D. if his son was
( ) 12. Can you tell me how often ________ to see his brother?
A. does he go B. he goes C. he go D. he is
( ) 13. The teacher didn't tell me ________ to have a test next week.
A. if we are going B. if we were going
C. that we are going D. we are going
( ) 14. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2009.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
( ) 15. Would you please tell me ________?
A. when did he come home B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game
二、按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China? 2. "Does the girl need any help?”he asked me. He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help． 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either. ??? _________ Jim _________Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know. ??? I want to know _________ the train _________.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)???? They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework． 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.7. The earth is round . The teacher said .
The teacher said the earth __________ round.
8. Who takes away the book? I want to know .
I want to know _______ ________ ________ the book.
9. Did they move to Japan last year? Do you know?
Do you know _______ they _______ to Japan last year.
10. She is the most beautiful girl. She believes.
She believes ________ she is the most beautiful girl.
中考链接
( )1. –Excuse me! Could you tell me ______? –Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here, too.
A. how can I get to the Olympic Park.
B. how I can get to the Olympic Park.
C. where was the Olympic Park.
D. where the Olympic Park was.
( )2. I want to know ________ tomorrow.
A. what will they do B. what they will do
C. what did they do D. what they did
( )3. I went to see a doctor because I didn’t feel well. The doctor asked me ______. A. if I had too much work every day
B. how much sleep did I have every night
C. how much food do I have every day
D. if I take too much exercise these days
( )4. -- Can you tell me ________? --Yesterday afternoon.
A. when they started B. when did they start
C. where they lived D. where did they live
( )5. –What did Mr. Wang say to you, Mike? --He asked me _______.
A. where my father worked B. where my father will work
C. where did my father work D. where will my father work
小心陷阱
( )1. I didn’t hear _______ clearly. Could you say it again, please?
A. what you said B. what did you say
C. what you say D. what do you say
( )2. --Could you tell me _______? -- It will begin at five.
A. when did the film begin B. when the film began
C. when will the film begin D. when the film will begin
( )3. Mrs. Brown couldn’t find her bag. She didn't remember _______.
A. where it is B. where is it C. where was it D. where it was
( )4. Last night, my father asked me _______.
A. how did my sister do it B. what time is it
C. what Lily did at weekends D. why he isn’t here
( )5. —Do you know _______? —Tomorrow morning.
A. when the visitors will come here B. when will the visitor come here
C. how the visitor will come here D. how will the visitor come here