2019届英语高考《短文改错》专题训练(解题技巧+真题训练)
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| 名称 | 2019届英语高考《短文改错》专题训练(解题技巧+真题训练) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 38.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-04-13 07:19:51 | ||
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文档简介
2019届英语高考《短文改错》专题训练
解题技巧
第一步?必须熟悉设错方式
1. 必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。
⑴ 多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵ 少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶ 错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
2. 平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。
第一步加强基本功训练
短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。大家在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。
第二步对全文宏观把握
大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
第三步 从语法角度审查
1. 查看时态是否一致。
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。
2. 查看主谓是否一致。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。
3. 查指代是否一致。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。
4. 查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。
5. 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。
6. 查行文逻辑是否一致。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
第四步 十大常见错误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：
1. 形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2. 名词的单复数误用。
如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。
3. 代词的误用。
如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。
5. 时态的错误。
看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6. 连词的误用。
如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。
7. 第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8. 一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。
9. 定语从句中关系词的误用。
10. 一些常用词的误用。
如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
第五步 验证答案
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
第六步 要多读多背增强语感
在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。
真题训练
1.(2019·广东一模)
During my last summer holiday, I go to the countryside to enjoy myself. I saw mother bird stay in her nest in a big tree, watching some of her baby flying away. I thought she must be very proud of her children, that were able to find her own food now. But she might also feel a sense of loss since they wouldn't need of her day-to-day care any long. For my parents,things are much easier. We have set up our family blog to posting our photos and journals.Once I leave for college, we can convenient share our experiences but support each other.Their“nest" will never be empty.
2.(2019·广州一模)
Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all age.People skip rope for fun and exercise.
Every student are able to learn to skip.You can skip alone or with your classmates.If you skip alone,you will need short rope about double the length of your high.You should turn the rope slow so that you can skip safely.It might help with if you can sing a rhyme while skips.When you skip rope,your heart beats fast than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore,stop for a rest after you injure yourself.
So,pick up a rope,finding a silly rhyme and start skipping.
3.(2019·安徽黄山二模)
I’m writing to congratulate you of your winning first prize in the English short novel competition recently.
I must say that I am not surprised when I heard from the good news. I know that you have practised written English novels in the past years. I’m delighted to see efforts have finally paid off. By the way, I am also fond of writing shorter passages in English. What upsets you most is that I sometimes can’t find suitable word or expressions to make myself understood. Would you be kind enough to give me a few advice on improving this situation?
Congratulations again. I hope to get your reply as early as possibly.
4.(2019·广东中山一中、仲元中学等七校高三一联)
Last weekend,after pay a visit to the city of New York ,I visited the Smithsonian Institutions National Air and Space Museum,where lies in Washington,D.C.
The museum,which covers a area of 18,000 square meters,is made of 24 exhibition halls.Various old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used and all kinds of planes,rocket,missiles and spaceships of important are on display.In addition,I see copies of some satellites and aircraft.More interestingly,I tried operating on some aircraft by myself.During the visit,I took lots of pictures as well.
This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human’s space exploration.It made me more interesting in science and technology.
5.(2019·河南林州一种高三7月调考)
I went to the supermarket yesterday.While walk around,I noticed a credit card on the floor by chances.I picked it up and waited for an owner.No one comes.Suddenly,a lady with an anxiously look rushed in.So I approached her and asked why she had lost something.I asked her name but confirmed that it matched the card.Then I returned to her.She said she had prayed to her mother,who had passed away recently,to help her find the card.We talked and I introduced for myself,“My name is Claire.”She responded,“My mother’s name is Claire either!”
6.(2018·安徽合肥高三质检二)
Last Saturday our class went hiking in a countryside.We meet at our school gate and set off at 8:00 a.m.On the way,we were singing and laughing happily while a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole.She felt so frightening and even burst into tears.One of my classmate found a long rope and we finally got him out.Fortunately,she didn’t suffer seriously injuries,but it seemed that her ankle slightly twisted.We managed to sending her to the nearest hospital.It is an experience we’ll never forget,though we didn’t enjoy for ourselves very much that day.
7.(2018·江西赣州高三一模)
My name is Li Ming,a student studied in Ganzhou No.18 Middle School.I am eager become a volunteer in your group and I can work till my next term begins.I have a real talent on singing.I get the first prize in the singing competition in our school last year.Therefore,I can teach children when to sing songs.Besides,I play the piano very well,what will help a lot in my work.I am always be ready to help.Helping other people makes myself happy.I believe I can make friend with the children.I hope I am fortunately enough to be a member of your group.
8.(2019·山东枣庄二中一模)
One day last month,a group of American student arrived in Shanghai.I was one of them.After say goodbye to my dear parents at New York Airport,I started my long journey.That was my first journey abroad!How exciting I felt when I got on board.We left Shanghai to Taierzhuang Ancient Town to pay a visit,largest Ancient Town in China.From there we took a bus to Beijing,that is the capital city of China.We were exchange students and send to the country by their government to learn Chinese in Beijing for twelve months.From the first few lessons,we found the teachers there really worked hardly,and I am sure of everything will go well in the next months.
9.(原创)
Last month,Paul and I went to climb the mountain near our school.When we reached in the top of the mountain,we felt tired and sat down rest,drinking some water.
A few minute later,I stood up and suddenly found a bird nest in a small tree.Out of curiosity,I slowly lowered a tree down and noticed three white eggs.Just as I was reaching for it,Paul stopped me,reminds me not to destroy the ecological balance.
A week later,I was glad to find they grow into little birds.After other week,I discovered they had flown away,leaving the empty nest,but I became a little sad.But when I though they could fly free,I felt better.
10.(原创)
Last summer holiday,my father and I paid a visit to the Great Wall.It took us forty minutes to reach the feet of the Great Wall.It was the first time that I had been seen the Great Wall.
I couldn’t wait to climb downward.After half hour,I felt a little tiring.My father encouraged me,“Hi,son,don’t you know that you are not a man if you fail to reach the Great Wall?Come on!”Hearing that,I refreshed myself but tired my best to climb up.
When I eventually reach the Hero Slope,I felt very happily and proud.Stood on the Hero Slope,I felt me to be a real man.
解题技巧
第一步?必须熟悉设错方式
1. 必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。
⑴ 多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵ 少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶ 错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
2. 平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。
第一步加强基本功训练
短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。大家在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。
第二步对全文宏观把握
大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
第三步 从语法角度审查
1. 查看时态是否一致。
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。
2. 查看主谓是否一致。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。
3. 查指代是否一致。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。
4. 查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。
5. 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。
6. 查行文逻辑是否一致。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
第四步 十大常见错误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：
1. 形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2. 名词的单复数误用。
如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。
3. 代词的误用。
如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。
5. 时态的错误。
看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6. 连词的误用。
如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。
7. 第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8. 一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。
9. 定语从句中关系词的误用。
10. 一些常用词的误用。
如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
第五步 验证答案
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
第六步 要多读多背增强语感
在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。
真题训练
1.(2019·广东一模)
During my last summer holiday, I go to the countryside to enjoy myself. I saw mother bird stay in her nest in a big tree, watching some of her baby flying away. I thought she must be very proud of her children, that were able to find her own food now. But she might also feel a sense of loss since they wouldn't need of her day-to-day care any long. For my parents,things are much easier. We have set up our family blog to posting our photos and journals.Once I leave for college, we can convenient share our experiences but support each other.Their“nest" will never be empty.
2.(2019·广州一模)
Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all age.People skip rope for fun and exercise.
Every student are able to learn to skip.You can skip alone or with your classmates.If you skip alone,you will need short rope about double the length of your high.You should turn the rope slow so that you can skip safely.It might help with if you can sing a rhyme while skips.When you skip rope,your heart beats fast than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore,stop for a rest after you injure yourself.
So,pick up a rope,finding a silly rhyme and start skipping.
3.(2019·安徽黄山二模)
I’m writing to congratulate you of your winning first prize in the English short novel competition recently.
I must say that I am not surprised when I heard from the good news. I know that you have practised written English novels in the past years. I’m delighted to see efforts have finally paid off. By the way, I am also fond of writing shorter passages in English. What upsets you most is that I sometimes can’t find suitable word or expressions to make myself understood. Would you be kind enough to give me a few advice on improving this situation?
Congratulations again. I hope to get your reply as early as possibly.
4.(2019·广东中山一中、仲元中学等七校高三一联)
Last weekend,after pay a visit to the city of New York ,I visited the Smithsonian Institutions National Air and Space Museum,where lies in Washington,D.C.
The museum,which covers a area of 18,000 square meters,is made of 24 exhibition halls.Various old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used and all kinds of planes,rocket,missiles and spaceships of important are on display.In addition,I see copies of some satellites and aircraft.More interestingly,I tried operating on some aircraft by myself.During the visit,I took lots of pictures as well.
This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human’s space exploration.It made me more interesting in science and technology.
5.(2019·河南林州一种高三7月调考)
I went to the supermarket yesterday.While walk around,I noticed a credit card on the floor by chances.I picked it up and waited for an owner.No one comes.Suddenly,a lady with an anxiously look rushed in.So I approached her and asked why she had lost something.I asked her name but confirmed that it matched the card.Then I returned to her.She said she had prayed to her mother,who had passed away recently,to help her find the card.We talked and I introduced for myself,“My name is Claire.”She responded,“My mother’s name is Claire either!”
6.(2018·安徽合肥高三质检二)
Last Saturday our class went hiking in a countryside.We meet at our school gate and set off at 8:00 a.m.On the way,we were singing and laughing happily while a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole.She felt so frightening and even burst into tears.One of my classmate found a long rope and we finally got him out.Fortunately,she didn’t suffer seriously injuries,but it seemed that her ankle slightly twisted.We managed to sending her to the nearest hospital.It is an experience we’ll never forget,though we didn’t enjoy for ourselves very much that day.
7.(2018·江西赣州高三一模)
My name is Li Ming,a student studied in Ganzhou No.18 Middle School.I am eager become a volunteer in your group and I can work till my next term begins.I have a real talent on singing.I get the first prize in the singing competition in our school last year.Therefore,I can teach children when to sing songs.Besides,I play the piano very well,what will help a lot in my work.I am always be ready to help.Helping other people makes myself happy.I believe I can make friend with the children.I hope I am fortunately enough to be a member of your group.
8.(2019·山东枣庄二中一模)
One day last month,a group of American student arrived in Shanghai.I was one of them.After say goodbye to my dear parents at New York Airport,I started my long journey.That was my first journey abroad!How exciting I felt when I got on board.We left Shanghai to Taierzhuang Ancient Town to pay a visit,largest Ancient Town in China.From there we took a bus to Beijing,that is the capital city of China.We were exchange students and send to the country by their government to learn Chinese in Beijing for twelve months.From the first few lessons,we found the teachers there really worked hardly,and I am sure of everything will go well in the next months.
9.(原创)
Last month,Paul and I went to climb the mountain near our school.When we reached in the top of the mountain,we felt tired and sat down rest,drinking some water.
A few minute later,I stood up and suddenly found a bird nest in a small tree.Out of curiosity,I slowly lowered a tree down and noticed three white eggs.Just as I was reaching for it,Paul stopped me,reminds me not to destroy the ecological balance.
A week later,I was glad to find they grow into little birds.After other week,I discovered they had flown away,leaving the empty nest,but I became a little sad.But when I though they could fly free,I felt better.
10.(原创)
Last summer holiday,my father and I paid a visit to the Great Wall.It took us forty minutes to reach the feet of the Great Wall.It was the first time that I had been seen the Great Wall.
I couldn’t wait to climb downward.After half hour,I felt a little tiring.My father encouraged me,“Hi,son,don’t you know that you are not a man if you fail to reach the Great Wall?Come on!”Hearing that,I refreshed myself but tired my best to climb up.
When I eventually reach the Hero Slope,I felt very happily and proud.Stood on the Hero Slope,I felt me to be a real man.