2019高考英语【短文改错】语法专题单句训练

短文改错专题
一．改错题型特点：
高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。
二．短文改错常见考点设置：
考点1：名词
命题特点: 本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。
记住常考的几个不可数名词：news, work(工作), advice, fun, progress, information, luck, weather, music, health, change(零钱),baggage(行李), luggage(行李),furniture, jewellery, equipment等
改正方法: (1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份 (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.
1. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
2. After class we become stranger at once.
3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.
4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.
6. Now we can get millions of informations from the Internet.
7. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
8. She is one of the most intelligent girl in our class.
9. I looked at his other hands.
10. Most of them are peasant and some often go fishing in the sea.
11. We have made great progresses with Mr. Liu teaching us.
12. Head teacher Guy Holloway said the new rules should help students get higher grade.
13. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.
14. He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
考点2：代词
命题特点：1.男女性代词用反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性用错；4.缺少人称代词。
改正方法:
根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题。
15. Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much.
16. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
17. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.
18. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.
19. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English.
20. My story book is much more interesting than her.
21. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
22. Some students may also save up for our college or future use.
23. Do you think necessary for you to learn Japanese well?
24. I dressed me quickly and hurried out the house.
25. You’d better keep that he said in mind.
26. He has three children, two of them are teachers.
27. The population of China is much larger than it of the USA.
考点3：介词
命题特点及改正方法：
介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：
1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,, serve, wait等。
记住：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。
28. We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
29. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
30. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
31. Finally they found a hotel to stay.
32. We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.
33. I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
34. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
35. Please help with me and give me some advice.
考点4：时态
命题特点及改正方法：
现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
36. They did not want me to do any work at home… They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I can make great progress.
37. The time passes quickly. Evening came.
38. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
39. I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.
40. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
41. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.
42. We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
43. When I opened the door and apologize for my being late, my English teacher did not blame me.
44. The whole school was silent and I am afraid to face my teachers and classmates.
45. It was turned out to be her own cup, which she had left on the shelf by mistake.
考点5：and/but/or/so误用及前后不一致
命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。
改正方法：1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。
46. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.
47. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
48. The food was expensive and the service was good.
49. I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
50. Hurry up, and you will miss the first bus.
51. She worked hard, and she was admitted to Beijing University.
52. Many peasants own their air-conditioners but some even have their own cars.
考点6：从属连词
命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。
解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或连接词是否得当等。
53. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
54. I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.
55. What interested us most was what he gave his lessons lively and interesting.
56. They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.
57. That she said at the meeting surprised everyone in the room.
58. He came out to see that was happening outside in the street.
59. I was driving along the road, while another car shot out.
60. The reason that Jane didn’t come to school yesterday was why her mother was ill.
61. Although he was frightened, but he didn’t panic.
考点7：冠词
命题特点及改正方法：
英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：
1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。
62. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
63. He built a telescope through which he could study sky.
64. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but---
65. On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.
65. Rose comes from an European country but she can speak Chinese.
66. I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home.
67. We all think Betty is a honest girl.
68. Up to now about 8 astronauts has walked in the space.
69. With the help of Mr. Li I have made a great progress.
70. The girl played piano so well that all the people present stood up and applauded.
71. When I woke up in a morning, it was already 8 o’clock.
72. What a fun it is to have a cold drink on a hot day.
考点8：形容词和副词
命题特点及改正方法：
主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）形容词或副词形式的错用：该用形容词的形式却用了副词的形式，或者该用副词的形式却用了形容词的形式；2）形容词或副词级别的错用：指该用形容词或副词的比较级或最高级却用了原级，或者该用原级形式却用了比较级或最高级，或者该用最高级却用了比较级等。此外，还有比较级的修饰语使用不当，如比较级不能修饰比较级，如果出现比较级修饰比较级的情况，则前面的比较级是错误地，可能需要去掉或者修改该词语。常见的比较级修饰语有：a bit, a little, slightly, much far, even等。常见的最高级修饰语有: almost, (by) far, nearly, quite, really, second, third等。3) 有无-ly结尾的副词错用。这类错误一种情况是该词本身是副词，不加-ly却加了；另一种情况是两个词都是副词，一个以-ly结尾，一个是本身的形式，应该用以-ly结尾的副词，却用了没有以-ly结尾的副词形式，不该用以-ly结尾的副词却用了。事实上，一般说来，以-ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义，而不以-ly结尾的副词表示具体的动作程度，如think highly of对…评价很高，jump high。
1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。
73. I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
74. There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.
75. The life of the people in the village has great improved.
76. To catch the first bus she hurried to the station as rapid as she can.
77. Finding information on the Net is easily.
78. They came back lately and had some tea.
79. There are many foreigners coming to Qingdao for a tour in recently years.
80. Climate in Beijing is much cold than that in Nanjing.
81. The soup tastes great delicious.
82. I am sure I can get along good with my host family.
83. Fortunate he passed the driving test.
84. What he said sounded quite perfectly.
85. It was raining heavy. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood closely to her mother. (两处错误）
86. I was very angry, but they were very angrier.
87. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
88. I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.
考点9：非谓语动词
命题特点及改正方法：
1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。
89. Earning their own money allows them spend on anything as they please.
90. My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
91. The quake destroyed many houses and buildings made many people homeless.
92. Repairing last month, now the bathroom opens.
93. Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.
94. There are a lot of people learned English in China.
95. You should have a balancing diet to grow a healthy man.
96. When she returned she found her bike losing.
97. It will become the only school in Britain start lessons in the afternoon.
98. When he saw others to learn English, he shook his head, says it was too hard to remember the new words(两处错误).
考点10：关系代词
命题特点改正方法：
1）关系代词和人称代词的错用；2）关系代词和人称代词的叠用；3）关系代词遗漏。
99. She moved to Canada, there she picked up some English.
100. I saw a pretty girl, she came from the US.
101. He’s reading the same book that she did last week.
102. Do you know the boy his father is a doctor?
103. Tom bought the new bike which he found it two weeks ago.
104. Finally they arrived at the cinema, that was standing on the water.
105. Suddenly he found a temple, which was built it 100 years ago.
106. Do you know the girl spoke to the boy just now?
107. On Teachers’ Day they talked about some things and persons whom they remembered in the past.
108. The film was directed by Li An is very interesting.
109. I’ll tell you all which he told me yesterday.
110. He came from Canada from him I learned a lot of knowledge.
111. I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.
考点11：主谓一致
命题特点改正方法：主谓一致性;第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
112. She go to school by bike at 6:30 in the morning.
113. Is there any books on the writing desk?
114. What surprised us most are that he had passed the College Entrance Examination.
115. Here is the answers to the questions.
116. White as well as her parents come from the US.
117. The girl whose father is a doctor come from the US.
118. Suddenly I found an old man who lies on the ground.
119. Looking after the patient are her job.
120. There are 40 students in our class, 26 of whom is girls.
考点12：平行结构
命题特点改正方法：
词性或结构前后不一致，根据上下文句意做出判断
121. Mother is a kind, health, friendly woman in our neighbor.
122. How much time did you take relax as well as to study per day?
123. Betty looks pretty, kindly, patient and healthy.
124. She went to the hospital and pay a visit to her sister.
125. At work, it is IQ that gets you hire but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
126. I go over my lessons and doing a lot of practice after class.
127. I have many hobbies, for example, I like surfing the Internet and do sports.
三．句法和行文逻辑的常见错误：
128. Holding yourself steady and you will not lose the balance.
129. We have visited the temple was built 2,000 years ago.
130. It was two years ago since I began to learn English.
131. Then he put the other boot on the box, but the boy refused to clean it if he was paid two pence for his work.
四．短文改错口诀：
动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾.
五．短文改错小结：
做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。
六个步骤：
（1）通读短文，整体把握短文大意。（2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。
（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 （4）逐行修改，先易后难。
（5）复读全文，验证答案。（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。
四不改：
①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错.
七．错词类型归纳：
命题角度 考点 解题思路
冠词 冠词 判断名词前的冠词是否误用
名词 名词的数、格、型 句中名词该用单数还是复数形式
动词 时态、语态以及主谓一致 根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确
非谓语动词 分词、动名词、不定式 根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用
代词 人称代词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系 1.人称代词的格是否误用 2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用
形容词、副词 词法 判断句中形容词和副词是否误用
介词 惯用法 惯用法中介词是否误用
连词 句法 判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用
1(schoolmate改为schoolmates) 2(stranger改为strangers） 3(subject改为subjects）4(picture改为pictures） 5(advantage改为advantages） 6(informations改为information 7(ideas改为idea） 8(girl改为girls) 9(hands改为hand）?10(peasant改为peasants) 11(progresses改为progress) 12(grade改为grades) 13(shoulder改为shoulders) 14(furnitures改为furniture) 15(him改为her) 16(his改为their) 17(who’s改为whose)18（them改为us）19（me改为myself）20(her改为hers)21（showed后加it）22（our改为their） 23 (think后加 it) 24(me改为myself) 25(that改为what) 26(them改为whom) 27(it改为that) that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it?与所指名词为同一个。 28(去掉about或在后面加it）29.?（去掉at）?the moment 在此相当于as soon as ,the instant, immediately.译为“一--就-- ,为连词; at the moment 是介词短语.意思是“此时此刻. 30（去掉was后的in）31(stay后加at) 32（with改为about） 33（with改为for） 34（glass后加in） 35(去掉with) 36（did改为do） 37（passes改为passed）38（reads改为read）39（talked改为talk）40.?（take改为took）41.?（have改为had） 42 (visiting改为visited) 43 (apologize改为apologized) 44 (am改为was) 45 (was去掉)turn out to be结果是，原来是，证明是 46（but改为and）47（and改为or）48（and改为but）49（but改为and）50（and改为or或otherwise）51(and改为so) 52(but改为 and) 53（noon后加when）54（that改为why）55(第二个what 改为that) 56（去掉that） 57 (that 改为what)?58 (that 改为what) 59（while改为when）when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语 (?https:?/??/?www.baidu.com?/?s?wd=%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD&tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" \t "_blank?)从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 60(that改成why, why改成that) 61(but去掉) 62（famous前加a） 63 (sky前加the) 64（a改为the）65 (an改为a) 66（had后加a）67 (a改为an) 68 (去掉the) 69 (去掉a) 70（piano前加the）西方乐器前加定冠词。学科、语言、球类、棋类、三餐前不加冠词。71（a改成the）72(a去掉) 73（quietly改为quiet）74（person改为personal） 75 (great改为greatly) 76 (rapid改为 rapidly) 77（easily改为easy） 78（lately改为late）79 (recently 改为recent) 80 (cold改为 colder) 81 (great改为greatly) 82 (good改为well)? 83 (fortunate 改为fortunately) 84(perfectly改为perfect) 85(heavy改为heavily, closely改为close) 86(very改为much) 87 (better 改为best) 88(hardly改为hard) 89（spend前加to） 90（make前加to）91(made改为making) 92(repairing 改为repaired) 93（去掉to） 94(learned 改为learning) 95(balancing改为balanced) ?96(losing 改为lost)? 97(start前加to) 98(去掉第一个to, says改为saying) 99(there改为where) 100(she改为who) 101(that改为 as)?102(his改为whose) 103(去掉it, 与which重复)?104(that改为which)?105(去掉it,与which重复)?106(在spoke前加who) 107(whom改为 that) 108(在was前加which或that) ?109(which 改为that) 110(him改为whom) 111(when去掉或改为that/which) 112(go 改为goes) 113(is改为are) 114?(are 改为was) 115(is改为 are) 116(come改为comes)as well as看前面的主语 117(come改为 comes) 118(lies改为 lay) 119(are改为 is) 120(is 改为are)? 121(health改为 healthy) 122(relax改为 to relax) 123(kindly 改为kind) 124(pay改为 paid) 125(hire改为 hired) 126(doing 改为do) 127?(do改为doing) 128（holding改为hold）129(was前加which或that) 130（since改成that）此处为强调句 131（if改成unless）