必修一 Unit1 friendship
Reading and language points
从容说课
This is the third teaching period of this unit. The teacher should first check the students’ homework and offer chances for the students to review what they learned in the second period.
The emphasis in this period will be put on the important new words, expressions and sentence patterns. In order to make the students understand these important points tho-roughly, the teacher can first get the students to understand their meanings in the context, then give some explanations about them, and later offer some practices to let the students know their usages. At last make the students do more exercises for consolidation.
The teacher should be expected to carefully design class activities to encourage the students to be active in class so as to enable the students to grasp and use these language points both orally and in written form. Make sure the students are willing to take part in the activities in class and get ready to cooperate with each other. In doing so, the students can learn, grasp and use these important language points well.
教学重点
Enable the students to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as share, crazy, dare, series, on purpose, in order to, and so on.
教学难点
How to enable the students to grasp the usages of dare and in order to and understand some difficult and long sentences.
教学方法
1. Discussing, summarizing and practicing
2. Cooperative learning
教具准备
The multimedia and other normal teaching tools
三维目标
Knowledge aims:
1. Get the students to learn and grasp some important new words and expressions:add ignore concern cheat share series crazy dare suffer advice communicate add up calm down have got to be concerned about go through hide away set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love with join in
2. Get the students to understand some useful sentence patterns:
1)Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him or her to cheat in the exam by looking at your paper, what will you do? (the Attributive Clause)
2)I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend. (as. . . )
4)I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long time that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (I wonder if/whether. . . ; so. . . that. . . )
5). . . I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. (stay+adj. ; in order to do)
Ability aims:
1. Enable the students to use some useful words and expressions correctly.
2. Enable the students to learn how to understand new words, expressions and difficult sentences according to the context.
Emotional aims:
Develop the students’ spirit of cooperation and teamwork.
教学过程
设计方案（一）
→Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Ask some students to talk about their friends and what qualities and behavior make good friends. Also may ask them to talk about Anne’s best friend, her diary.
→Step 2 Reading and exercise
Get the students to try to find out the words and expressions as quickly as possible in the related parts and let them learn some important new words and expressions by studying their contexts, clues and word-formation.
The teacher shows the following on the screen.
1. Find the words and expressions in Warming Up. Make sure that they have the same meanings given below.
1)to join numbers, amount, etc. so as to find the total
2)to act in a dishonest way in order to win; to take from (someone)in a dishonest way
3)be worried about
4)feeling unhappy about something; worried; anxious
5)not to take notice of
6)to make (of a living beings)calm
7)must
8)not fastened; tied up, shut up, etc. ; free from control
2. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions in the Reading to complete the following sentences.
1)Friends are just the people who______________ your happiness and sorrow.
2)You really don’t know what we______________ while working on the farm.
3)I have______________ everything that happened, as I remember it.
4)She______________ singing and dancing.
5)Tom did something wrong to his brother, but he said he didn’t do that______________ .
6)______________ catch the first bus, she got up early this morning.
7)The naughty boy______________ and his parents didn’t find him anywhere.
8)A deep blue sky, white clouds, green trees and red flowers and fresh air held me_______________ .
→Step 3 Checking
Explain the problems the students meet while checking the answers.
Suggested answers:
1. 1)add up 2)cheat 3)be concerned about 4)upset 5)ignore 6)calm down7)have (got) to 8)loose
2. 1)share 2)went through 3)set down 4)is crazy about 5)on purpose 6)In order to 7)hid away 8)entirely in their power
→Step 4 Language Points
1. add vt. & vi.
1)to put something with something else or with a group of other things加；添；增加
Do you want to add your name to the list?
你愿意把名字添到名单上吗？
Whisk the egg and then add the flour.
打好鸡蛋以后再加面粉。
2)to put two or more numbers together in order to calculate the total加
Add 6 and 6 to make 12.
6加6得12。
If you add 5 and 5 (together), you get 10.
5加5得10。
Add 9 to the total.
在总数上再加9。
3)to say some more that is related to what has already been said接着又说；补充说
That’s all I want to say. Is there anything you’d like to add？
我要说的就这些，你还有什么要补充的吗？
I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.
我对我先前说的话，没有什么补充的。
add to to make something larger and more noticeable增加
Our explanation seemed only to add to his bewilderment.
我们的解释似乎只是增加了他的困惑。
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。
add up to calculate the total of several numbers加起来；总计
Add your scores up and we’ll see who won.
把你们的得分加起来，我们就会看出谁赢了。
Add up all the money I owe you.
把我应付你的钱都加在一起。
add up to to have a particular result总计，共达
His schooling added up to no more than one year.
他受的学校教育总计不超过一年。
These numbers add up to 100.
这些数目合计为100。
addition n. 加；增加的人或事物
additional adj. 附加的；另外的；外加的
(1)What he did______________ our difficulties.
A. add to
B. has added up
C. has added to
D. had added up to
(2)The cost______________ 100 million dollars.
A. added up to
B. has added to
C. added
D. has added up
(3)All this______________ a new concept of the universe.
A. adds
B. adds to
C. adds up
D. adds up to
(4)—It is very delicious, is it?
—Yes, I think you have had some salt______________ the soup.
A. added B. added into C. added to D. added up to
答案：(1)C (2)A (3)D (4)C
2. upset
1)vt. &vi. (upset; upset)to make someone feel unhappy or worried 使不安；使心烦
I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to upset you.
对不起，我本来并不想让你不高兴的。
Her friend’s sudden death upset him very much.
她朋友的突然去世使她很难过。
2)adj. (not before noun)unhappy and worried 心烦意乱的；心情不舒适的
She was still upset about the argument that she had had with Harry.
对于她和Harry的争吵，她还感到心烦呢。
She is really feeling upset about losing lots of money.
丢掉了许多钱，她真的感到很沮丧。
3. ignore vt.
1)to behave as if you had not seen or heard someone or something不理睬；忽视
Some drivers simply ignore speed limits.
有些司机就是无视速度的限制。
He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.
他完全无视这一切，好像它们根本不存在似的。
She saw him coming but she ignored him.
她看见他走过来，但装作没看到他。
2)to pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about忽略（不计）
The policeman ignored personal danger to save a little girl.
为了救一个小女孩，那名警察不顾个人的安危。
ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
4. calm
1)adj. quiet and without excitement, nervous activity or strong feelings平静的；镇静的，沉着的
Keep calm, and try not to panic.
保持镇静，不要慌张。
She tried to keep calm about it.
她努力对此保持镇静。
2)vt. & vi. to make someone or something quiet after strong emotion or nervous activity (使)平静，(使)镇定；平息
Charlie tried to calm the frightened children.
查理努力使受到惊吓的孩子们平静下来。
The crying child soon calmed down.
哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
calm down vt. &vi. to become quiet or make someone quiet after strong emotion or nervous activity(使)平静下来，(使)镇定下来
When she heard the news, she was so excited that nothing could calm her down.
当听到这个消息时，她激动得什么也不能使她平静下来。
Calm down and tell me what happened.
别激动，告诉我发生了什么事。
Wait till you are more______________. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
答案：B
5. share
1)vi & vt.
(1)to have or use (sth. )with others; have (sth. )in common与别人共有或合用（某物）；在（某方面）有共同之处
The last bus had gone, so the three of us shared a taxi.
最后一班公交车开走了，我们仨人打了一辆出租车。
I shared a room with him at college.
上大学时，我和他同居一室。
He shares my fears about a possible war.
他和我一样害怕有可能发生战争。
(2)have a share in sth. ; participate in sth. 分摊或分享某事物；参与某事物
I will share (in) the cost with you.
我愿与你分摊费用。
She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys.
她与我同甘共苦。
(3)to tell sb. about sth. 将某事告诉某人
She won’t share her secret with us.
她不肯把她的秘密告诉我们。
I want to share my news with you.
我想把我得到的消息告诉你。
2)n. part of something 一份；部分；份额
I do my share of the housework.
我做我该做的那份家务。
Don’t worry—you’ll get your fair share.
别急，你会得到你应得的那份。
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Glare—you must learn to______________.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
答案：D
6. set down to put or lay down; to write down sth. so that you have a record of it 放下，搁下；记下，写下
Set down your heavy bag and take a rest.
放下你的包，休息一会。
I want to set down my feelings on paper.
我要记下我的感受。
set apart to make someone or something different from other people or things 使突出，使与众不同
set aside to keep some money or time for a special purpose 存储，拨出
set off to start to go somewhere; to cause an explosion 出发，动身；使爆炸
set out to start a journey or to talk about something in an organized way 出发，开始；陈述，阐明
set up to start an organization; to build something 设立，开办；竖起，建起
1) They______________ the experiment yesterday.
A. set about to do B. set out doing
C. set aside doing D. set out to do
2) The Chinese delegation group will______________ for America tomorrow.
A. set apart B. set aside C. set off D. set up
答案：1)D 2)C
7. go through to examine carefully; to experience审阅，检查；经历（困难、痛苦等）
I went through the students’ papers last night.
我昨晚仔细批改了学生的作业。
You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
你的确不知道我们在搞这个项目的时候吃了多少苦。
8. crazy adj. impractical; foolish; mad; ill in the mind; wildly excited; very interested不实际的；愚蠢的；疯狂的；怪诞的，古怪的；狂热的；热衷于，迷恋
That’s the craziest idea I’ve ever heard.
那是我曾听到的最蠢的想法。
It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.
在这么炎热的天气里出去真是疯了。
Turn that music down—it’s driving me crazy.
把音乐音量调小，我都快疯了。
She is crazy about dancing.
她对舞蹈十分着迷。
be crazy about/over to like sb. very much, or be very interested in something 爱上，迷恋着；热衷于，醉心于
The boy is crazy about football.
那个男孩对足球着迷。
like crazy very hard发疯似地；拼命地；猛烈地
We have to work like crazy to get this finished on time.
为了按时完成这个任务，我们不得不拼命地工作。
He’s crazy______________ out in such hot weather!
A. about going B. to go C. going D. at going
答案：B
9. lonely adj. unhappy because of being alone or without friends孤独的；寂寞的
Living in a big city can be very lonely.
在大城市里生活还真很孤寂。
When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离开他后，他非常孤独。
Hers is a lonely life.
她的生活很寂寞。
lonely&alone:
alone adj. &adv. without any friends or separated from others; only (usually behind a n. or pron. )[只作表语]单独的，独自的；独一无二的；[只放在名词、代词之后]仅仅，只有
He was alone in the house.
他独自一人在家里。
I am not alone in thinking so.
并非只有我才这样想的。
The key alone will open the door.
只有这把钥匙能打开这道门。
I live all alone but I never feel lonely.
我虽然孑然一身，但从不感孤独。
leave/let sb. or sth. alone not to take, touch or interfere with sb. or sth. 不带走；不触摸；不干涉某人或某物
She has asked to be left alone.
她要求不要打扰她。
I’ve told you before—leave my things alone!
我早已告诉过你，不要动我的东西。
The old captain lived______________ on a______________ island in the Atlantic Ocean but he never felt______________.
A. lonely; alone; lonely B. alone; lonely; lonely
C. alone; lonely; alone D. lonely; lonely; alone
答案：B
10. concern
1)n. worry; thing that is important or interesting to sb. 担心；对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事
There is growing concern about/over the effects of pollution on health.
现在越来越担心污染给健康带来的影响。
The rise in unemployment is of great concern to the government.
对政府来说，失业人数的增长是非常重大的事情。
2)vt. to make someone feel worried or upset使某人担忧；使烦恼
The fact that she spends so much money on her own really concerns me.
她在自己身上花那么多的钱真的让我感到烦恼。
More and more people are concerning themselves with/about environmental problems.
越来越多的人在为环保问题担忧。
be concerned about/for be worried about关心；挂念
Ross has never been concerned about what other people think of him.
罗斯从来不关心别人怎么看他。
Rescuers are concerned for the safety of those trapped in the mine.
营救人员挂念着被困在矿井里的那些人的安全。
11. purpose n. an intention or plan; the feeling of having an aim in life目的；意图；决心；意志
What is your purpose in doing that?
你做那件事的意图是什么?
He walked with a stride full of purpose.
他迈着坚定的步伐向前走。
on purpose deliberately; intentionally; not by accident有意地；故意地；并非偶然的
I came here on purpose to see you.
我是专程来这儿看你的。
12. trust
1)n. a strong belief in the honesty, goodness etc. of someone or something 信任；信赖；相信
You shouldn’t put your trust in a man like that.
你不应该信任那样的人。
A good marriage is based on trust.
美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的。
2)vt. to believe that someone is honest and will not harm you or cheat you 信任；信赖；相信
I trusted Max, so I lent him the money.
我信得过马克斯，就把钱借给他了。
13. suffer vt. &vi.
1)fell pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc. 感到疼痛、不适、悲伤等
Do you suffer from headache?
你经常头痛吗？
Think how much the parents of the kidnapped boy must have suffered.
那个男孩给拐走了，想想看他父母得多伤心哪。
2)to experience or undergo something unpleasant遭受；经历
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
In recent games their team has suffered several defeats.
在最近的比赛中，他们的球队吃了几次败仗。
3)to become worse; lose quality变坏；变差；变糟
Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.
你要是总是踢足球，功课就糟了。
Her business suffered when she was ill.
她生病时，生意受到了影响。
4)to tolerate; stand忍受；容忍；经得起
I will not suffer such conduct.
我不能容忍这种行为。
She could not suffer criticism.
她受不了批评。
suffer for 为……而受苦
He suffered for his carelessness.
他因粗心而吃了亏。
suffer from 患……病；受……之苦
The child suffers from measles.
这小孩得了麻疹。
14. get along (with) to have a friendly relationship; to progress 融洽相处；进展
I’ve always found him a bit difficult to get along with.
我总是觉得他有点难相处。
How are you getting along with your English studies?
你的英语学习情况如何？
get about/around (news)get widespread传开
get away to succeed in leaving a place逃脱；离开
get back to return to a place; to have sth. returned to you回来；恢复；找回
get down to make sb. feel unhappy使沮丧
get down to sth. /doing sth. to start doing sth. that needs a lot of time or energy开始做正事
get over get well after an illness; to do and finish sth. difficult恢复；克服
get through to pass a test or exam及格；通过考试
15. communicate vi. to express your thoughts and feelings交流；沟通
Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with a teenage child.
父母有时觉得和十几岁的孩子交流困难。
Since then, they lost their ability to communicate with an audience.
自那以后他们再也无法引起观众的共鸣。
→Step 5 Analyzing some important and difficult sentences
1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
这里的While walking the dog可以看作是状语从句While you were walking the dog的省略。整个句子可译成“你在遛狗时，不小心让狗挣脱被车撞了”。
在状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it，而且从句谓语中又含有be的形式时，从句的主语和be的形式可以省略。
When scolded by his father, the boy always keeps silent.
在受到爸爸责备时，那个男孩总是保持沉默。
Help them if possible.
如果可能的话，帮帮他们。
2. Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him or her to cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.
这里的who doesn’t work hard 是非限制性定语从句。by doing sth. 通常在句子中用作状语，表示方式。整个句子可译成“你的朋友不用功。他要在考试中（偷）看你的试卷，（要你）帮他作弊”。
His younger brother, who is my best friend, graduated from Beijing University last year.
他的弟弟是我得最好的朋友，去年毕业于北京大学。
The old man makes his living by selling vegetables.
那位老人以卖青菜为生。
3. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?
这里的whom you could tell everything to是定语从句，修饰friend，介词to也可放在关系代词whom的前面，即to whom you could tell everything。此处的like相当于such as。整个句子可译成“你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？”。
He has learned some foreign languages, like (such as)French and German.
他已经学会了几门外语，如法语和德语。
4. I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend.
这是一个由but连接的并列复合句，第一分句中的as most people do是方式状语从句。短语set down在这里相当于write down。a series of 的意思是“一连串的”“一系列”。 整个句子可译成“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友”。
5. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long time that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
这里的it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long time that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature是强调句，强调的是表示原因的状语从句because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long time。整个句子可译成“我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热”。
强调句型It is/was. . . that. . . 可用来强调句子中除谓语以外的任何句子成分。
I bought this car in that shop last month. (原始句)
It was I who/that bought this car in that shop last month. (强调主语)
It was this car that I bought in that shop last month. (强调宾语)
It was in that shop that I bought this car last month. (强调地点状语)
It was last month that I bought this car in that shop. (强调时间状语)
1)It was last year______________ you taught me how to drive.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
2)It was______________ he said______________ disappointed me.
A. that; what B. what; that C. what; what D. that; that
3)It was in the factory______________ produced TV sets______________ our friend was murdered.
A. which; which
B. that; which
C. that; that
D. where; that
4)______________ find my wallet, Tom?
A. Where did you that
B. Where was it you
B. Where have you
D. Where was it that you
5)It was not until 1920______________ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
6)______________ was in 1979______________ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when
答案：1)B 2)B 3)C 4)D 5)C 6)B
6. . . . I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
这里的stay是连系动词，后面跟的是表语形容词awake，构成系表结构。in order to have a good look at. . . 作状语，表示目的。整个句子可译成“有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看月亮一次”。
in order to后跟动词原形，意思是“为了……起见”“以便……”，引导目的状语，否定形式为in order not to。
In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
为了赶上火车，她急急忙忙地做完了工作。
She set off early this morning in order not to miss the meeting.
为了不错过这次会议，她今天一大早就动身了。
in order to&so as to：二者意思和用法基本相同，都后跟动词原形，引导目的状语。二者区别在于in order to既可放在句首，也可放在句末；so as to只能放在句末。
In order to catch the first bus, she got up early this morning. /She got up early this morning in order to catch the first bus. /She got up early this morning so as to catch the first bus.
为了赶上第一班公交车，她一大早就起床了。
7. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
这里的as the moon gave far too much light是原因状语从句，too much表示过量，意思是“太多”。句子中的dare用作实义动词，有人称和数以及时态等的变化，后面可跟动词不定式，但在否定句中不定式的符号to可以省略。整个句子可译成“但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户”。
dare除了用作实义动词外，还可用作情态动词，但一般用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于肯定句中。
The little girl dare not go out alone at night.
这个小姑娘不敢晚上一个人出去。
How dare you speak to your mother that way?
你怎么敢那样对你妈妈讲话呢？
too much&much too：too much的用法相当于much，只是程度的不同，too修饰much，在句子中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，可以用作宾语、表语、定语，也可以用作状语；much too表示“太……”，用法相当于too，也只是程度的不同，much修饰too，在句子中起副词作用，用作状语，但后面必须跟形容词或副词，一般不能修饰动词。
Climbing mountains is too much for the old.
爬山对老人来说太重了。
Watching TV too much is harmful for your eyesight.
看电视太多对眼睛有害。
Too much difficulty made them stronger.
过多的磨难使他们更加强壮。
1)Don’t have the children playing______________ in the sun. It’s______________ hot today.
A. very much; so much?B. so much; very much
C. too much; much too?D. much too; too much
2)I wonder how he______________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
答案：1)C 2)D
8. . . . it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. . .
It is/was the first/second/. . . time that. . . 是固定句型，that引导的从句时态一般用完成时。整个句子可译成“这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚”。
It is the third time that I have been to Beijing.
这是我第三次来北京。
He said that it was the first time that he had met such a strange person.
他说他还是第一次遇到这么奇怪的人。
9. If you have some trouble (in)getting along with your friends, you can write to the
editor and ask for advice.
这里的have some trouble (in)doing something，意思是“做某事有一些困难”，还可以说have no (much, great, little)trouble/difficulty (in)doing something或have (some, no, much, great, little)trouble/difficulty with something，意思是“做某事有（一些、没有、很多、很少）困难”。整个句子可译成“如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议”。
I have some difficulty (in)following our teacher in English class.
在英语课上，跟上老师的课我感到有些吃力。
They had little trouble with new school life.
适应新的学校生活，他们几乎没有问题。
10. Although I really try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
这是一个复合句，Although I really try to talk to my classmates是让步状语从句，谓语动词find后面跟的是复合宾语，it代替后面的动词不定式作形式宾语，形容词hard充当宾补。整个句子可译成“我虽然确实想和同学们交谈，但我还是感到与他们交朋友困难”。
I find it very difficult to get along with him.
我感到和他相处很困难。
→Step 6 Consolidation
Show the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers.
Choose the best answers.
1. It’s seven thirty. I______________ go to school.
A. have got B. have got to C. got to D. had got to
2. He came into the classroom______________ .
A. very upset B. be upset C. to upset D. to be upset
3. This is the first time that I______________ at the meeting.
A. had spoken B. have spoken C. am D. was
4. His whole school education______________ only 2 years because of his illness.
A. added up B. added up in C. added up to D. was added up
5. Are you______________ your classmates well?
A. getting along
B. get along with
C. getting along with
D. got along with.
6. The shop______________ until 7 o’clock.
A. stays opened?B. continues open
C. stays open?D. continues opened
7. We______________ in the neighborhood.
A. happened being?B. happened be
C. happened to be?D. are happened to be
8. No one______________ of it.
A. dared to speaking?B. dared speak
C. can dared speak?D. dare speaking
9. I want your______________ , sir. I don’t know what to do.
A. advices B. piece of advices C. advice D. advise
10. Will you______________ playing basketball?
A. join us in B. join to C. join us to D. to join us
11. Was it in 1969______________ the American astronauts succeeded______________ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
12. Was______________ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
13. It is the ability to do the job______________ matters, not where you came from or what you are.
A. one B. it C. what D. that
14. It was only when I reread his poems recently______________ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
15. It was______________ late to catch a bus after the party; therefore we called a party.
A. too very B. much too C. too much D. for
16. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will______________ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
First get the students to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary.
答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B 16. B
→Step 7 Workbook (Using words and expressions)
Do Exercise 2 first. Discuss the answers in pairs and then check the answers with the whole class.
If time permits, ask three students to do Exercise 1 on the blackboard (Each has two sentences). If not, assign it as homework. Give them some help if necessary.
→Step 8 Homework
1. Finish off the Workbook exercises. Write down Exercise 2 in the exercise book.
2. Learn the new words and expressions by heart.
板书设计
Unit 1 Friendship
Language Points
Vocabulary and Patterns
Examples
add up
1. Add your scores up and we’ll see who won.
set down
2. I want to set down my feelings on paper.
crazy
3. Turn that music down—it’s driving me crazy.
be concerned about
4. Ross has never been concerned about what other people think of him.
purpose
5. The discussion serves a twin purpose—instruction and feedback.
get along with
6. How are you getting along with your English studies?
go through
7. You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
in order to
8. In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
It is the first time that. . .
9. He said that it was the first time that he had met such a strange person.
活动与探究
There are many proverbs about friends and friendship. Surf the Internet to find some out, try to translate and learn as many as possible. The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to make use of the Internet to enrich their language knowledge. It can also make students think more about questions on friend and friendship, realize further the values of friends and friendship, and learn how to make friends, how to get along with friends and how to treasure friendship.
Proverbs on friends and friendship:
1. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.
2. A faithful friend is hard to find.
3. A friend without faults will never be found.
4. A true friend is known in the day of adversity.
5. A friend is never known till a man has need.
6. Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.
7. Old friends and old wines are best.
8. Everything is good when new, but friend when old.
9. Familiar paths and old friends are the best.
10. A bosom friend afar brings distant land near.
11. Friends may meet, but mountains never greet.
12. We can live without a brother, but not without a friend.
13. A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
14. A thousand friends are few, one enemy is too many.
15. A friend in court is better than a penny in purse.
16. Between friends all is common.
17. When a friend asks, there is no tomorrow.
18. A ready way to lose friend is to lend him money.
19. Friends are like fiddle-strings, they must not be screwed too tight.
20. An empty purse frightens many friends.
21. He that has a full purse never wants a friend.
22. Friendship—one soul in two bodies.
23. Friendship is love with understanding.
24. Friendship multiplies joys and divides grieves.
25. Friendship cannot stand always on one side.
26. Friendship, the older it grows, the stronger it is.
Suggested translations:
1. 广交友，无深交。
2. 益友难得。
3. 没有十全十美的朋友。
4. 疾风知劲草，患难见真情。
5. 需要之时方知友。
6. 患难见真情。
7. 陈酒味醇，老友情深。
8. 东西新的好，朋友老的好。
9. 熟路好遵循，老友最可珍。
10. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
11. 朋友可相逢，高山永分离。
12. 我们生活中可以没有兄弟，但不能没有朋友。
13. 人生在世无朋友，犹如生活无太阳。
14. 朋友千人尚觉少，仇敌一人犹嫌多。
15. 囊中有钱，不如朝中有友。
16. 朋友之间不分彼此。
17. 朋友的要求不要拖。
18. 失友皆从借钱起。
19. 朋友像琴弦，不能拧太紧。
20. 囊中无分文，亲友不上门。
21. 只要袋里有，不愁没朋友。
22. 友谊就是两人一条心。
23. 友谊是爱加上谅解。
24. 友谊可以增添欢乐，也可以分担忧愁。
25. 来而不往非礼也。
26. 友谊地久天长。
必修一 Unit1 friendship
Reading and language points
Teaching aims:
to know about the story of Anne’s Diary
to promote the Ss’ abilities of reading comprehension
to learn about the following words and expressions:
readon; list; go through; hide away; set down; a series of; outdoors; crazy; spellbound; on purpose; dare; happen to do sth.; It’s the first time that…
Teaching methods:
reading and discussion
cooperative learning and speaking
Teaching materials: Reading, Comprehending
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Leading-in
Ask their opinions on the question mentioned in the assignment of last period.
Step Two: Pre-reading
Let the Ss think about the questions in Pre-reading, and express their own views to the whole class.
Step Three: Reading
Ask the Ss to look at the pictures and the heading, guess what the text might be about.
Get the Ss to skim the passage and answer the following questions:
What’s Anne’s best friend?
What does her diary mainly talk about?
1. Anne’s best friend is her diary. 2. It’s about Anne’s feeling of hiding away. She especially missed going outside and enjoying nature.
Let the Ss read the passage and discuss the following questions:
Imagine what it might be like if they had to stay in their bedroom for a whole year. You could not leave it even to go to the WC or get a cup of tea. How would they feel?
If you are only allowed to have five things with you in the hiding place because there is very little room, what would you choose?
Try to guess why the windows had to stay closed.
Guess the meanings of the word “crazy” and “spellbound” according to the context.
Step Four: Discussing the style
Ask the Ss:
What do you think is the purpose of this passage? Why did Anne write it?
Do you think it is successful? Do you understand Anne’s feelings?
What is Anne’s tone? In other words, is the author angry, sad, happy or thrilled?
What is Anne’s point of view? Do you agree with it? If so, why? If not, why not?
Step Five: Listen to the text and comprehend it
Step Six: Language points
1. go through
to examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究
eg. I went through the students’ papers last night.
to experience 经历；遭受或忍受
eg. You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
2. hide away
vi. to go somewhere where you hope you will not be seen or found 躲避；隐匿
hide away +地点
eg. The thief hid away in a friends’ house for several weeks after the robbery.
to put or keep sth. /sb. in a place where they / it can’t be seen or found 藏；隐蔽
hide away sth. / hide sth. away
eg. Why do you hide your thoughts away from me?
3. set down
write down 写下；记下
eg. I’ll set down the story as it was told to me.
put down 放下；搁下
set down sth. /set sth. down
eg. He set down a basket on the ground.
4. series n.（单复数同形）
a series of 一连串的；一系列的
5 .crazy adj.
mad, foolish 疯狂的；愚蠢的
It is crazy of sb. to do sth. = sb be crazy to do sth.
eg. It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.
wildly excited; very interested 狂热的；着迷的
grow / be crazy about sb. / sth.
eg. The boys are crazy about the girl singer.
like crazy 发疯似的；拼命地
eg. He talked like crazy; I couldn’t understand what he said.
6. I wonder if it’s because I haven’tt been able to be outdoors for so long that ….
*I wonder if / whether…
eg. I wonder if you can help me?
*It’s because …
it is 后的表原因的从句中，只能用because来引导， 不能用since或as.
eg. Why did you go to school on foot?
It is because my bike had broken.
7. spellbind v. to hold the complete attention of 吸引人，迷人；使入迷
eg. The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.
8. stay v. to continue to be in a particular state or situatioin
系动词，表是状态。后跟名词或形容词，不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
eg. He stayed single all his life.
9. on purpose
1) 故意地 （反义：by chance / accident）
eg. I think she lost the key on purpose.
2) on purpose to do sth. 为了要…而特地]
eg. He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
10.far adv. “过于；…得多” ,表示程度，经常与too或形容词、副词的比较级连用。
eg. She speaks English far better than I.
This room is far too warm.
cf. very, much, far
11.dare
1) modal. v. 多用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句、whether (if)等名词性从句或有否定意义的句中，后接动词原形。没有人称和数的变化,其时态只有现在时和过去时。否定式在其后加not.
eg. How dare he say such a word!
If you dare do that again, you’ll be punished.
2) vt. 敢，胆敢。有人称、数和时态的变化。在否定句和疑问句中，dare后的to可保留也可省略。
eg. I wonder how he dare to day such words.
12．happen to do sth.
It so (just) happened that…
不能用于进行时态。
eg. I happened to be out when he came.
= It so happened that I was out when he came.
13．It’s the first time that…
eg. It is the first time that I have seen the sea.
Step Seven: Comprehending
Get the Ss to do the exercises in this part.
Step Eight: Consolidation
Listen to the text again to appreciate it.
Step Nine: Assignments
1.Read the key sentences in the text
2. Do the exercises on Wb (Page 41-42)
必修一 Unit1 friendship
Period2 Language points
重点词汇：
upset ignore calm concern loose
Netherlands German series outdoors dusk
entire thunder power curtain dusty
partner settle highway recover pack
suitcase overcoat teenager exactly disagree
grateful dislike tip swap item
重点词组：
go through set down a series of
on purpose walk the dog no longer
in order to at dusk face to face
suffer from get tired of pack up
get along with fall in love join in
have trouble with sb. no way feel at home
have got to be crazy about calm down
be concerned about as far as – be concerned be concerned with
should have done must have done could have done
happen to sb happen to do it happens that---
be tired of be sick of be fed up with
be bored with be upset about be ignorant of
add up add to add---to---
add up to in one’s power 尽某人能力所及，在某人掌控之中
重点句子：
1. calm down keep calm
She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.
It’s very important to keep calm when the earthquake breaks out.
concern oneself about/for
be concerned about/for 担心
concern oneself with/in 从事，参与
be concerned with 涉及，与……有关
concern sb/sth 和……有关
How much money I can make is not my concern.
This unit is concerned with friends and friendship.
There is no need to concern yourself in this matter.
The concerned parents were all concerned about their children’s safety.
3. set down 记下，写下 放下 让……下车
The bus sets the children down just outside the school gate.
Please set down everything you have heard in the class.
She set down her drink and went out.
set off set out for set up set aside
set down to do 开始做某事 set about doing set out to do
4. He hasn’t turned up up to now and I can’t wait any longer.（延续性动词，时间）
After she graduated, she came no more.(常和非延续性动词连用，数量程度不增)
5. Not…until…句型
Ambitions never die until there is no way out.
Not until he left his home, did he begin to know how important the family was for him.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
6. get sb doing 让—开始做—have sb doing 让—一直做—
get sb to do have sb do
get sth done have sth done
can you get the machine running？
Where are you going to get/have your hair cut?
I will get someone to repair my computer.
7. while walking the dog, he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
If (it’s) necessary, I will send several people to help you.
You must have seen the film Shaolin Temple.
You may have read about it in the papers.
You could have come here a little earlier.
Must have done can’t have done could have done may/might have done
Should/need/could/might/ought to/would have done
9.make + 宾语+宾补（n./adj./v./done.） make it adj.to do be made to do
she made her diary her best friend.
He shouted to make himself heard across the room.
Computer makes it easier to learn English.
She was made to wait for hours.
10. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long time that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
eg. We went to see him in Wuhan last week.
When did you graduate from high school?
11. While sleeping, you’d better not keep your windows open.
Don’t keep that boy waiting there.
We must keep our teacher informed of what is going on in our class.
12. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
13. it happens that-- sb happens to do 碰巧
sth happens to sb
What has happened to you?
It happened that I had no money on me.
14．It’s the first time that I have seen such a famous actor.
It was the first time that I had seen the light face to face.
The first time I met her, I fell in love with her .
It’s time that the children went to bed.
It’s time to have supper.
15. settle down定居，过安定的生活,平静下来
set down to doing sth. 开始专心做--
settle in 在—定居 settle down in
settle on/over停留、 落在， 选定 决定
When are you going to marry and settle down?
They have finally settled down in Canada.
Dust had settled on everything.
Settle dispute
He settled to buy a new car.决定
16．suffer suffer from Suffering(s) n.
He suffered many defeats before success.(遭受痛苦)
Many people are still suffering from starvation. （因---而遭受痛苦）
17. She has recovered from the operation (从---恢复)
The team recovered its lead in the second half.（重新获得--）
She soon recovered herself and went on with her lecture. 恢复正常， 使—清醒
18. go through 经历 经受/仔细检查/（法案）通过
The country has gone through too many wars.
She is going through the company’s accounts.
The law didn’t go through at the meeting.
I can’t get it through to him that he has to study hard now.
go by go over go in for参加考试/比赛，喜欢 go ahead go without
get sth through to sb.使 某人理解， 使某人接受（某人说的话）
19. disagree with sb/sth
I feel sick. The fish disagreed with me.
These reports of the accident disagree with a number of points.
20. Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make good friends with them.
21. I do want to change this situation.
语法：
直接引语变间接引语
句式变换
时态：主句过去时态时，从句时态后推，除有明确的过去时间状语
主句一般现在时或将来时，从句时态不变
人称：一从主，二从宾，三不变
时间、地点，代词
Today—that day tomorrow---the next day yesterday---the day before
Two days ago---two days before
写作：建议信
必修一 Unit1 friendship
Language points
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
suffer, settle, realize, worry about, have got to, tie up
b. 重点句子
Chuck said he would take care of him.
She asked if I had got e-mails from my friends.
Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Learn Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Let Ss learn how to use Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
Teaching important points教学重点
a. The use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
b. Change the Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and
Indirect into Direct.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. How to teach the Ss to master the usage of Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
b. Find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.
Teaching methods教学方法
Teach grammar in real situations.
Learn grammar through practice.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector.
A blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check Ss’ homework. (Collecting materials)
Why God Gave Us Friends
GOD Knew That Everyone Needs
Companionship And Cheer,
He Knew That People Need Someone
Whose Thoughts Are Always Near.
He Knew They Need Someone Kind
To Lend A Helping Hand.
Someone To Gladly Take The Time
To Care And Understand.
GOD Knew That We All Need Someone
To Share Each Happy Day,
To Be A Source Of Courage
When Troubles Come Our Way.
Someone To Be True To Us,
Whether Near Or Far Apart.
Someone Whose Love We’ll Always
Hold And Treasure In Our Hearts.
That’s Why God Gave Us Friends
Friendship
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy． It is very difficult to find a better definition of friendship．A true friend does indeed find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief． In time of trial， he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort．
Knowing how valuable friendship is，we should be very careful in our choice of a friend．We must choose someone who has a good character，whose activities are good and who shows kindness of heart．We should avoid those shallow people who are easily changed by adversities or misfortune．
A true friend can always be trusted，loved and respected．If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she won’t tell anyone else．Friends share each other’s joys and sorrows．They help each other when they are in trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad．The most important thing is that a friend always understands you．In conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don’t forget him or her．
Step II Word study
This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the Ss to do the exercise independently.
T: Now please open your books and turn to Page
4. First let’s learn about language. Use the word they’ve learnt in this unit to fill in the blanks. Complete the sentences with suitable words in correct forms.
Step III Preparation
Get a pair of students to stand up and act as Anne and Kitty. It’s time for the teacher to be the interpreter between them. Encourage both sides to give different sentences, including statements and questions.
T: Having a friend like Kitty, do you think it a bit difficult to understand each other? Now let me come and help you.
Sa: I have grown crazy about nature.
T: Anne said she had grown crazy about nature.
Sb: When did you begin to feel like this?
T: Kitty asked when Anne began to feel like that.
...
Step IV Grammar
The Ss will learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). First try to make clear to the Ss what direct and indirect speech is, with the help of the practice in Step III. Then give them some examples. At last get them to summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
T: In this part, we are to learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). When do we use Direct Speech and when do we use Indirect Speech?
Ss: We use Direct Speech when we want to show the exact words. Use quotation marks to show that you are reporting the words and a reporting clause which includes information about the speaker. Use a comma to connect the quotation and the reporting clause.
T: Here is a situation. You met your former classmates Mary studying in the middle school. The following is what Mary told you. Later that day, you told another friend what Mary said to you. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech and find out when we use Indirect Speech, what we need to change.
1. I will do anything to get close to nature.
2. Some people don’t understand me.
3. I’ll stick to do my research work.
4. I have to stay out in the woods for a few days camping.
5. Would you like to go camping with me?
6. How are you getting on with your study?
Ss: 1. Mary said she would do anything to get close to nature.
2. Mary said some people didn’t understand her.
3. Mary told me that she would stick to do her research work.
4. Mary told me that she had to stay out in the woods for a few days camping.
5. Mary asked if / whether I would like to go camping with her.
6. Mary asked how I was getting on with my study.
Show typical examples of turning direct speech into indirect speech. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make in verb tenses, pronoun forms, and word order and so on.
Group work is advisable here so that the Ss can enjoy the pleasure and efficiency of working together. Ss write down what they have found and then present it.
Be ready to answer the questions from the Ss. Now comes the teacher’s turn to give a summary,.
Sentence structure
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Declarative
Positive
He said, “I passed this exam.”
He said he had passed that exam.
Negative
Lucy said, “I can’t finish reading the book this afternoon”
Lucy told me that she couldn’t finish reading the book that afternoon
Interrogative
“Are you going to mail this gift?” Tom asked Bob.
Tom asked Bob if he was going to mail that gift.
Special Interrogative
“How can I solve the problem?” Jane asked me.
Jane asked me how she could solve the problem.
Imperative
“Don’t talk in class” said Mr. Green.
Mr. Green ordered me not to talk in class.
Exclamatory
“How silly the boy is!” Peter exclaimed.
Peter told me how silly the boy was.
T: Now please find out what changes we have to make in verb tenses, pronoun forms, word order and so on in groups of 4.
Ss write down what they have found and then present it.
T: Now let’s summarize the rules of Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
Sentence structure
Declarative
Say /tell sb. (that) +clause
Interrogative
Ask/ wonder whether/if + statement order
Special Interrogative
Ask/ wonder + wh-word + statement order
Interrogative
Ask/tell / order sb. (not ) to do
Explanative
Tell sb. what / how + statement order
Tense
Present
Past
Past
past perfect
Present perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
Present continuous
Past continuous
Future
Past future
Pronoun
First person
Third person
Second person
First or third person
this
That
These
Those
Adverbial of time
Now
Then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before
This week/month
That week/month
Last week/month
The week/month before
Three days ago
Three days before
Tomorrow
The next day / the following day
Adverbial of place
here
there
This place
That place
These places
Those places
Verb
Come
Go
bring
Take
There are some cases in which we don’t need to change the tense.
Case
Direct speech
Indirect speech
a truth
He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
timetable
He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 a.m.”
He said that the plane takes off at 6:30a. m.
a saying
a proverb
a quotation
He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
He said that where there is a will, there is a way.
an adverbial indicting the past:
Mr. Wang said, “I was born in September, 1972.”
Mr. Wang said，“he was born in September, 1972.”
Step V Practice
For Ex 1, get the Ss to look at the sentences carefully in pairs in order to find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech. Guide the Ss to find out the changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses, the underline parts.
Ask the Ss to pay attention to the reporting clause.
For Ex 2, ask the Ss to do it by themselves, then check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers.
T: Please look at the sentences carefully in pairs in order to find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses, the underline parts.
The Ss are finding out the difference and changes.
T: Now, you’ve known the difference and the changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses. How about the reporting clause?
S1: The reporting clause may come before, within, or after the direct speech. When the reporting clause comes after the direct speech, the order of the subject and the verb may be changed. E.g. Jane said / said Jane. This typically happens when the reporting clause is within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.
S2: Use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.
T: Quite right. Now let’s deal with Ex2, change the direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct, paying attention to the difference and changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses. Please do it by yourselves.
The Ss are practicing Ex 2.
T: OK, let’s check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers.
Ss: ...
Step VI Homework
1. Practice of WB (P42.1 &&P 43.2)
2. Ask the Ss to think out different ways to solve the problems about making friends, preparing the materials about the debate. Get the Ss to know the problem was that Anne had made a friend in the hiding place — the son of another family hiding with them, but her father was not happy about this. The topic is: How do you help to solve the problem between Anne and her father. Do you agree with Anne or her father? Use specific reasons to support your solutions.
必修一 Unit1 friendship
Language points
1. -ship: friendship championship relationship
2. add up, add up to, add to… , add… to …
add up to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total 相加
add up to to amount to 总计达,加起来等于
add to… to increase 增加困难/友谊等
add…to … to put together with something else to increase the number 加,添加
e.g. Add up these figures for me, please.
Every time I add up these figures I get a different answer.
The students add up to over 1000 in our school.
The money he spent added up to more than $1000.
What he did has added to our difficulties. The bad weather added to our difficulties.
Please add something to what I’ve said, John.
She added sugar to her tea.
3. upset adj & v. 难过的,不舒服的; 打翻,打乱,使心烦使不舒服
You looked upset –what’s happened?
He was upset at not being invited. He has an upset stomach.
He upset his milk.
All my plans were upset by the sudden change in weather.
Try not to upset yourself about losing your job. The news quite upset him.
She upset her stomach by eating too much rich food.
4. ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 ignorant adj. 愚蠢的 be ignorant of /about 不知道的
You’ve been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里。
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼,她根本不理我。
I can’t ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。
5. calm adj. 平稳,风平浪静& v. 使…平静
It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene.
You should keep calm even in face of danger.
Have a brandy it’ll help to calm you (down).
His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快使他的怒气平静下来。
I told myself to calm down.
6. have got to / have to 必须,不得不
I’ve got to/ have to go to work by bus tomorrow. (责任或义务)
You’ve got to / have to try this new recipe—it’s delicious. (劝告或建议)
You haven’t got to take flowers. You don’t have to knock—just walk in.
Why have you got to take these tablets? Does she have to stay at home every night?
表示习惯性动作,尤其是当句中含有always, often ,sometimes 等频率副词时,应使用have to
Have got to 很少用于过去时, 而have to 用于过去时, 还可与情态动词、助动词连用，还可用于完成时结构
Did you have to pay a fine?
He may have to cancel his plan.
These two days I have had to take a rest.
7. concern v. 涉及， 关系到; n.担心
The news concerns your sister. 这则消息和你的姐姐有关。
More than one person has been concerned in this affair. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。
He asked all concerned people to take an active part in the movement.
be concerned about / for /over/ with / that… 担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的,为……担心
be concerned in / with 与……有关连
We are all concerned for his safety.
I’m concerned that they may have got lost.
as/so far as… is concerned 就……来说/ 而言
As far as I’m concerned, the whole idea is crazy.
As far as I’m concerned you can do what you like. 对我个人来说，你怎么做都可以。
The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned but the bodywork needs a lot of attention.这辆汽车发动机还不错，但车身需要大修。
There is growing concern that they may have been killed.现在越来越担心他们可能已遭杀害。
8. While waling the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
When(you are) crossing the road, you should be careful.
The country singers were playing the guitar while (they were ) singing.
walk the dog 溜狗 walk her to a place 送她去个地方 walk sb home / to school
9. loose adj. 松散的，未固定的，无束缚的，自由的 loosen v.
a loose floorboard A piece of stair carpet had come loose.
A loose sweatshirt Somehow the horses had broken loose during the night.
Don’t let your dog loose if there are any sheep around.
Do they sell these olives loose? Do you like loose tea or teabags? set sb loose
cut loose 去掉影响 let sb loose on sth 让某人随意做某事 be at a loose end / be at loose ends 无所事事,闲着 loose ends 未完成的部分 loose change 零钱 hang / stay loose 别紧张
10. go through 经历，仔细检查，看一遍，用完
The country has gone through too many wars.经历
I always start the day by going through my mail.仔细查阅
Let’s go through the arguments again.研究
He went through all the money his father gave him.用完
I’ve gone through the elbows of my sweater.磨破
She decided not to go through with the project.她决定不做项目。
11. Do you want to have a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?定语从句 like 是介词
I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary like most people do. Like 是连词
12. She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered.
Before I could get in a word he had measured me . 不等…就…
It will be three years before we meet again. …之后才…
It was not long before we discovered the secret. 不久就…
Do it now before you forget. 趁着，免得…
13. make her diary her best friend （宾补结构 宾语是什么，怎么样，做什么）
make him do the work make him angry let him in
14. hide –hid –hidden vi. & vt.
My girlfriend keeps hiding my cigarrete. Keep sth hidden
Hide sth in / under/ behind hide in / behind
Harry hid under the bed until they had gone. He hid the boy behind the door.
Hide sb/ sth from sb /sth 藏/ 瞒
an attempt to hide her children from their violent father
Don’t try to hide anything from me.
I had nothing to hide.
15. set down
I wanted to set my feelings down on paper. 记下，写下
The club rules are set down in its constitution. 制定
The driver set her down at the station. 让…下车
16. a series of
The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。
A series of mischance happened. 一连串不幸的事发生了。
The overthrow of that lawful regime has resulted in a series of riot. 合法政权被推翻导致一连串的暴乱。
17. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
outdoors adv. I reckon it’s warm enough to eat outdoors this evening.
outdoor adj. outdoor sport leading an outdoor life
It is / was because … It is because the parents are concerned about their children’s safety.
so/ such … that… The little boy was so upset that he ignored what was going around him.
It was such good weather that we all loved to stay outdoors.
18. on purpose by chance / accident
Jack’s been really annoying me and I think he’s doing it on purpose.
19. in order to in order that … so as to … to do … 表目的
in order not to / so as not to…
In order to earn enough money, he worked late into the night.
In order to maintain physical well being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise.
We started early in order to / so as to / to arrive before dark.
Check the names carefully in order to / so as to / to avoid mistakes.
20. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
1) a spellbinding tale
The storyteller held his audience spellbound.
2)well adv. Quite, much, thoroughly, in good way 非常，彻底，完全，好
It’s well worth trying. He is well past fifty.
I hope everything is going well with you.
3) there was a time when …定语从句
There was a time when black people were sold in the market.
4) can/could +have done表示对过去发生的事情的一种推测
The car was too small. It couldn’t have been a comfortable journey.
系动词：be, smell, sound, look, taste, feel, become, go get, grow, fall, run, turn, look, seem appear, stay, keep, come, stand, remain, lie, prove
21. too much +n. / much too +adj./ adv.
22. dare v. & aux. 敢
作为情态动词，用于疑问、否定和条件句中，不用于肯定句；没有人称和数的变化，有现在时态dare和过去时态dared；dare后面通常不接带to的不定式
How dare you ask me such a question?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
If you dare speak to me like that again, you will be sorry.
作为实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化， dare 后面通常接to 不定式
Do you dare to say that I am not honest?
He is a man who dares to say what he thinks.
I didn’t dare open a window.
Does he dare go out at night in such stormy weather?
I dare say 我认为，我猜
I dare say you’ve spent all your money by now.
23. at dusk The street lights go on at dusk.
24. thunder n. & v.
the thunder of gunfire a clap of thunder a face like thunder
The children came thundering downstairs.
25. entire adj. entirely adv. entirety n.
the entire staff We spent th entire afternoon gossiping. an entirely different matter
She devoted herself entirely to her research.
The program consists entirely of taped interviews with survivors of the Holocaust.
26. power n.
We all felt that the chairman had too much power.
She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
be in power come / rise to power get into power return to power take /seize/lose power 执政
earning / purchasing /bargaining power 购买力等 student power / black power/ parent power
unclear/wind / solar power lose / out of power 熄火 air power /sea power 海军实力
be in one’s power to do sth 有权力去做 be in one’s power 在某人控制下
be beyond / outside sb’s power to do sth 无权或无能力
do everything in your power to do 尽全力
do sb a power of good 对某人大有好处
27. face to face
shoulder to shoulder one by one door by door neck to neck
hand in hand day by day little by little
28. according to 根据
According to Anne, a true friend is a person whom you can trust.
You’ve been in prison six times according to our records.
29. suffer v. 受苦；经历，遭受
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
He suffered terribly when his mother died.
Do you often suffer from headaches?
30. communicate v. 传达，沟通
The officer communicated his orders to the men by radio.
When he was in prison he was not allowed to communicate with his family.
31. ... but your friend can’t go until he / she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
Not/ never/ no… until…
She won’t go away until you promise to help her.
Not until you promise to help her will she go away.
It was not until you promised to help her that she went away.
32. …he /she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.
get sb to do You’ll never get him to understand (have / make him understand).
get sb doing Can you really get that old car going again?
get sth done It is necessary to get / have my fridge fixed
33. lonely / alone feel lonely a lonely island
He lives /works alone.
The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.
Let the dog alone; he’ll bite you if you pull its tail.
Time alone will show who was right.
34. have some (no, much, great, little) trouble with sth
have some (no, much, great, little) trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth
35 join become a member of Is it true that he joined the army in 1960?
join in = take part in May I join in the game?
join sb in sth Will you join us in a walk?
take part in , participate in
