单元语法：直接引语和间接引语I陈述句和一般/选择疑问句
学习目标：掌握直接引语和间接引语的用法。
重点语法解说：
直接引语变间接引语注意要点：
直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。直接引语如果是________、_________等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
时态变化的原则：
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为_________
（2） 现在进行时变为_________
（3） 一般将来时变为_________
（4） _________变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为_________
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导.
1. 陈述句
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne.
______________________________________
直接引语是一般/选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导.
2. 一般疑问句
He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”
______________________________________
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。
3. 特殊疑问句
“When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne.
______________________________________
代词等一般地应作相应的变化：
指示代词 this ---that ; these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then ; today--- that day； this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)； yesterday ----the day before；last week(month) --- the week(month) before；three days(a year)ago---three days (a year) before； tomorrow ----the next (following ) day；next week(month) —- the next(following) week (month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take ; come --go
预习自测题
一、将下列直接引语变为间接引语（每空一词）。
1. Linda said, “I’m meeting David for dinner.”
→Linda said (that) ____________________.
2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electricity bill.”
→Bill said (that) ____________________.
3. I asked Jack, “Do you know the caller’s name?”
→I asked Jack ____________________.
4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?”
→The teacher asked him ____________________.
5. The shop assistant asked me, “Do you like the red or the yellow dress?”
→The shop assistant asked me ____________________.
课堂检测题
一、将下列直接引语变为间接引语。
1.?Mr. Wang?said, “I?will?leave?for?Shanghai?on?business?next month, ?children”
________________________________________________________________________
2.?“I?haven’t?heard?from?my?parents?these?days,”?said?Mary.
________________________________________________________________________
3.?The?geography?teacher?said?to?us,?“The?moon?moves?around?the?earth?and?the?earth?goes?round?the?sun.”
________________________________________________________________________
4.?“Have?you?anything?interesting?I?can?read,?George?”?she?said.
________________________________________________________________________
5.?“Where?are?you?going?”?the?father?asked?his?son.
________________________________________________________________________
6.?“Don’t?make?so?much?noise?in?class,?boys?and?girls,”?said?the?teacher.
________________________________________________________________________
当堂训练题
一、翻译句子
1. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
_______________________________________________________________2. The best mirror is an old friend.
_______________________________________________________________3. With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best.
_______________________________________________________________4. Friends are like wine; the older, the better.
_______________________________________________________________
课后练习题
一、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
John: Cigarette?
Tony: No, thank you. I gave it up several years ago, you know.
John: Oh, well. Do you mind 1. ________ I have one?
Tony: Well, but as an old friend I must say ... Oh, my goodness! That’s 2. ________ terrible cough.
John: No, no, it’s not. It’s only ... it’s only ... I only get it early in the morning.
Tony: That’s going to make you very sick, especially when you’re suffering 3. ________ ill heath.
John: No, it’s alright ... Doctor Peter told 4. ________ that it was not serious and I 5. ________ (recover) soon.
Tony: Why don’t you try and give up smoking?
John: Oh, I ought to. But I can’t. It helps me calm down and relax.
Tony: I 6. ________ (agree). No scientific experiment has proven that. I’m rather 7. ________ (concern) about your health. You can start eating sweets instead of smoking.
John: Oh, no, I couldn’t do that.
Tony: 8. ________?
John: It makes me fat.
Tony: Well, do you think that matters? Don’t you think it’s 9. ________ (good) to be fat than to be unhealthy?
John: No, I don’t. I’d rather be thin 10. ________ fat.
Tony: Anyway, it’s bad for your health. I hope you can give it up as soon as possible.
预习自测题
一、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
1.?Failing in the examination again u__________ her a lot.
2. Many middle school students i__________ Chinese.
3. Many people enjoy watching a s__________ of TV plays.
4. My father s__________ from high blood pressure.
5. Three a__________ to four is seven.
6. I’m rather c__________ about my brother’s health.
7. The tourist carried a p__________ on his back.
8. The children played o__________ until it started to rain.
9. We c__________ the old lady down.
10. We d__________ with them on the point.
二、短语翻译：
1. 度假 __________
2. 列出 __________
3. 有……的麻烦 __________
4. 关心/挂念某人/某事）_____________
5. 不得/应该/有责任做某事__________
6. 经历/经受……；穿过；浏览_________
7. 躲/藏起来__________
8. 不理某人（事）__________
9. 偶然; 碰巧__________
10. 建议做某事__________
11. 和某人（很好地）相处__________
12. 太多__________
13. 渴望某物/迷恋某人__________
14. 按照，根据…… __________
15. 对…着迷 __________
16. 如此……以至于… __________
17. 变松了；释放…... __________
课堂检测题
一、重点单词和短语：
句子归纳：
1. I wonder if…? 我想知道是否….? It is no wonder that ……难怪… …
2. It’s because…? 这是因为….? 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like?? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
? =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.? 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
?这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It is the first time (that) sb. have done sth.
这是我第一次来美国。
This is the first time (that ) I have been in America.
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.?? 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。? （I would be grateful if…? 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.?? 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
11. She found it difficult to settle and… （她发现解决……有困难）
猜猜下列句子中ignore的含义。
1. It is a question that cannot be ignored.
2. The driver ignored the warning sign and did not stop the bus to the hill.
3. Because he doesn’t like me he ignores me when we meet.
[点拨] ignore主要用作及物动词，意为“忽视；忽略；不理睬”。
[联想] ignorant adj. 无知的 ignorance n. 无知；不了解
[拓展] be ignorant of / about... 对……不了解，不知道
(in) ignorance of 对……不了解，不知道
in order to的用法
[观察]
1. He got up very early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
2. In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early.
3. He works very hard in order to / so as to support his family.
4. Turn the volume down in order not to / so as not to wake the child.
[归纳] in order to 意为 “为了……”，表示目的；在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构，但是in order to结构可以用于句首、句中，而so as to多用于句中。其否定式分别为：in order not to 和so as not to。
[拓展] in order to和so as to在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句。如:
We should work hard in order to / so as to pass the exam.
→ We should work hard in order that / so that we can pass the exam.
为了能通过考试，我们应该努力学习。
11. There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and…
此句的时态是过去时，所以可以译成“以前”。但There be a time/times when+句子，用中文解释是：“常常……”、“有时……”、“曾经”等之意。
1) If you don't pay enough attention to your grammar there will be times when you make mistakes in writing. 如果对语法缺乏足够的重视，你在写文章时，就常会出错。
2) 我们常常会忽视真正的友谊。
There are times when we ignore real friendship.
12. be crazy about 对….痴迷；对…..迷恋
The boy is crazy about skiing. 那男孩对滑雪十分狂热。
The teenagers are crazy about Jay. 青少年十分痴迷周杰伦。
be crazy to do sth. 做……糊涂；做……荒唐
1) You are crazy to do such a thing. 你做这样的事真糊涂。
2) You are crazy to buy a car at such a high price.= It’s crazy of you to buy a car at such a high price.
13. stay (link v系动词) + adj/ n 维持某种状态
I stayed awake through the stormy night. 在那个暴雨夜我一宿没睡。
2) The weather stayed hot. 天气持续闷热。
当堂训练题
一、英汉互译：
1. 我碰巧看见他在做家庭作业。(happen to see sb. doing sth.).
_____________________________________________________________
2. I have read a series of articles about friendship.
_____________________________________________________________
3. 她似乎是有意做这些事。(on purpose)
_____________________________________________________________
4. They had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.
_____________________________________________________________
5. The two world leaders are holding a final talk _____ ___ ______ (面对面)。
课后练习题
一、下列每题中的ABC中有一处错，找出并改正：
1. I happened to be upstairs at the dusk when the window was open.
A B C
2. I am only able to look at the nature through dirty curtains.
A B C
3. Anne and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they
A B
discovered.
C
4. I don’t want to set down a series of fact in a diary as most people do.
A B C
5. It was the first time that I have seen the night..
A B C
二、完成P4练习。
三、完成P41的翻译题
