高中英语二轮复习 之特殊句式教案 含练习（含答案）

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特殊句式
1、倒装
“主语+谓语”是英语句子的最基本结构。如果把谓语放在主语之前，该句就成倒装结构。
1、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便
(1) 在there be结构中
There stands an old tree on the top of the hill.
(2) 在表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then ,up , down ,in, out, away, off, in the room,
on the wall等置于句首，且以名词作主语的句子
Here comes the bus. Away flew the birds.
Out went the children. Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
【注意】 主语是代词就不用倒装，即主谓语序不变。Away ran the thief. Away he ran.
2、部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。
(1) 否定词（hardly, seldom, never, rarely， in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, not only，，，but also, not until…）
(2) 表示否定或者半否定意义的副词，介词短语，连词等置于句首。
否定副词never, nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要倒装，不在句首则用正常语序。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Hardly do I think possible to finish the job before dark.
= I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.
练一练
1. Never in my wildest dreams ____ ___ these people are living in such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
2. Only then ___ ____ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
(3) so放在句首， So + adj. /adv…that，意为“如此……以至于……”后接表语或状语，再跟that从句，so后面的主句要倒装，而that引导的从句不倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
So easy is that a boy can learn in. 如此容易，以至一个孩子都能学会。

练一练
1. So difficult_____ __it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
2. _______ ____that Marci was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
（4）①so +be／助动词／情态动词+主语，意为“……也”
That man is a doctor, so is his wife. He likes pop music very much, so do I .
此句型也可写成“it is the same with…”，或“so it is with…”。
They love having lots of friends, “it is the same with me./so it is with me.”
so开始的简短反应如果是对别人说的情况加以肯定，对前面内容的肯定或附和 ，句子不可使用倒装。
试比较：A： I was afraid. A: I was afraid.
B: So was I. B: So you were.
② neither/nor + be/助动词／情态动词+主语，意为“……也不这样”。
I’ve never been abroad. Neither has she.
The boy can’t swim and neither / nor can the girl.
此句型也可写成“it is the same with…”，或“so it is with…”。
Lily can’t ride, it is the same with Lucy/ so it is with Lucy
练一练
1. — It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
— Yes, ____ ___ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
2.— My room gets very cold at night.
— _____C_______
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(5) only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时要倒装。
Only then did I understand why she did so.
Only in this way can you study English well.
Only when the war was over in 1880 was he able to continue this work.
使用特点：
① 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。
Only after the war he learned the sad news. (X)
___________________________________________________________________________________
② only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
③ only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装.
Only mother can understand me.
e.g. ______ ______snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。
(6) as，though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况
①表语的倒装: Young as/ though he is, he knows some of the family secrets.
Strange as/though it seems, it is true.
②谓语动词的倒装 Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone.
Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.
③状语的倒装， Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it.
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.
如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词
Child as he is, he can carry the big box.
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best.
练一练
_____ _______,Tom couldn’t make the door open.
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. she might as try D. might she as try
二、强调
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不能是定语或谓语
We called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning. 今早我们到王教授的办公室拜访了他。
---- It was we who/ that called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning.
----It was Prof. Wang who/ that we called on at his office this morning.
(1) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is ( was)提前，即：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who +句子剩余成分。
Was it your brother who works in that company?
(2) 特殊疑问句的强调句型只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词，即：特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that +句子剩余成分.
Who was it that wrote these famous plays?
Where was it that you picked up the wallet?
1. It was along the Mississippi River ___ ___ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how B. which C. that D. where
2. Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm ___ ___ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
not…until…句型的强调句
其强调句式为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他成分。此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用；
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock. →It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
I didn’t realized she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that realized she was a famous film star．
_______________________________________________________________________
强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把It is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。
It is there that we met each other.
It is clear that not all boys like football.
【注意】强调句型与It is/was +时间+ when/before从句的区别
在“It is/was +时间+ when/before从句”中，it指时间，when/before引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。
It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
It was midnight when/betore I go back home yesterday.
强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。
练一练
1. It was _____ ____ he came back from Africa that year _______ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
?【注意】? It is/was…that/who…结构不能强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did或does。
I do hope you’ll stay to lunch.
Do come here tomorrow.
He did attend the meeting.
2. I ____ ___ hope that every one of us will be successful in our studies.
A. do B. did C. does D. doing
3. I’ve been studying the science of outer space for the last ten years and now I still___ __.
A. am B. do C. be D. have
三、反意疑问句
主要考查主从复合句和并列句的反意疑问句
1、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1) 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn’t；当含有mustn’t（不允许、禁止）时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。
You must go home right now, needn’t you? 你必须得现在回家，对吗？
You mustn’t walk on grass，must you? 你不能践踏草地，不是吗？
(2) 当must/may( might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，分2种情况：
(3) 对现在的推测： 看must后面的动词
(4)对过去的推测：存在于 must have+ 过去分词时，有以下两种情况：
① 有过去时间状语，如last night, yesterday等，反问部分的谓语动词为 didn’t + 主语
②没有具体得而过去时间状语。反问部分用haven’t/ hasn’t + 主语。
练一练
1.You must/may (might) be tired now,___ ______?
2.You must have seen the film, __ _______?
3.He must have met her yesterday, __ _____?
2、陈述部分谓语动词为 ought to/used to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分可采取两种形式；
He used to live in China, usedn’t /didn’t he?
She ought to know about it, oughtn’t/shouldn’t she?
3、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有no, no one, neither, nor, none of, seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
You have never been to Beijing, have you?
Nothing is wrong with your TV set, is it?
【注意】如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
She looked unhappy, didn’t she?
4、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
(1) 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致
He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he?
(2) 陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess, expect,imagine，且主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；但动词不是一般现在时或一般过去时，疑问部分和主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分的主句主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。
I think the question is difficult, isn’t it?
I don’t think he can finish the work, can he?
We had never thought that it was going to be so difficult, hadn’t we?
You don’t think I am wrong, do you?
Nancy doesn’t believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she?
5、祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
(1) 否定祈使句，+will you?
(2) 肯定祈使句，+ will/won’t you?
(3) Let’s… , +shall we? Let us… , + will/won’t you?
(4) Let +第三人称…，+will you?
Open the door , will/won’t you?
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go home now, will/won’t you?
6、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
不管是陈述部分为否定，还是附加问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已／会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren’t a teacher，are you?或You are a teacher，arent you?时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，I am.否则，回答No，I am not．
?? 要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出现类似于Yes，I don’t或No，I do.的形式。??
练一练
1.He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,___ _____?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. must be D. mustn’t he
2. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, __ ______?
A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she
3. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ___ ____?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
四、省略
一、定语从句中的省略现象
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。
That is the naughty boy (whom/ that) we talked last week.
二、状语从句中的省略现象
1．当状语①从句的主语和主句的主语一致，②且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，
He won’t come unless (he is) invited.
I learned much of mechanics while (I was) at school. 机械
2. 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词部分没有be 动词时，如果从句的谓语可以用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词代替，则可以省略主语，如：
After she sang, she left the rich man’s house.
—After singing, she left the rich man’s house.
3. 如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是 it is/ was 时，it is / was 可以省略，此时构成“连词(if，unless，when，whenever等)+形容词”作状语。如：
When ( it is ) necessary you can help us to do something.
另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有“if +so/not”省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not ( lf you don’t get up early) , you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then. If so ( If he is not at home) ,leave him a note.
?【注意】? 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。
Her father told her to be careful when ( she was) crossing the street.
这时从句中可出现如下结构：
(1) 连词( as，as if，once) +名词 Once( he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
(2) 连词（though，whether，when）+形容词 Work hard when(you are) young, or you’ll regret.
(3) 连词(whether，as if，while) +介词短语 He looked everywhere as if( he was)in search of something.
(4) 连词( when，while，though) +现在分词 When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.
(5) 连词（when，if，even if，unless, once, than,as）+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.
(6) 连词（as if，as though）+不定式 He opened his lips as if( he were) to speak.
三、不定式的省略
1．单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的部分，常用在be afraid, expect, forget,hope, intend,like,love, mean,prefer, refuse , seem,try,want,wish等后边。
He invited me to have dinner with him, but I didn’t want to (have dinner with him).
2．如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：
-Are you a sailor? -He hasn’t finished yet.
-No, but I used to be. -Well, he ought to have.
3．不定式充当宾语补足语在see, hear, feel, watch, make, have 等感官动词和使役动词后，省略to，但在被动语态中须把to补上。例如;
We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop.
4．否定形式的省略用not to.
-Shall I go instead of him?
-I prefer you not to .
5．不定式符号to用在have，need，ought，be going，used等后面
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
6. 不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。
-Will you join in the game?
-l’d be glad to .
7. 当but意为“除去，除开”，做介词时，前有动词do，其后to多省略；前是其他动词，其后则保留。
Tom had nothing to do but have a rest.
五、祈使句和感叹句
一、祈使句
1．否定式和强调式
Don’t open the door.
Never say that again.
Please don’t forget to take your medicine.
Do tell him when you see him.
2．带主语的祈使句
(1) 为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you”，有时还可同时加称呼语。
Tom, you water the flowers.
(2) 命令／吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”，还可同时带称呼。
You, girls, clean the desks; you,boys, sweep the floor.
(3) 在表达“不高兴，厌烦”，等情绪时，可带主语“you”。
You mind your own business!
否定式为，要把 don’t 放在主语you 之前，如： Don’t you do that again.
(4) 祈使句的主语除了用“you”外，还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，someone”等，它们可以放在句末。
Be quiet，everyone ！
3．祈使句+and +陈述句句=if…….+主句
Work hard and you will succeed= lf you work hard, you will succeed.
二、感叹句
1．基本构成形式
(1) What( +a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！
What a beautiful picture it is!
(2) How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
How wonderful a plan you have made!
= What a wonderful plan you have made!
【注意】 在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用“ how+ 形容词 ”构成感叹句，而只能用what。
(正) What great changes we have had these years!
（误）How great changes we have had these years!
(正) What good news it is!
（误）How good news it is!
(2) How +形容词／副词+主语+谓语！
How kind the girl is!
How fluently she speaks English!
2．省略形式的感叹句
3．(1) how直接修饰谓语动词：How +主语+谓语！
How the wind blows! 风真大啊！
(2) 省略主语和谓语 How interesting (it is)!
What a clever boy (he is)!
练一练：
1. ____ ____ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. )
A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting
2. Mary, ___ ____ here——everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
一、特殊句式试题演练
1.. Professor Salovery, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description:At work,it is the EQ ____
gets you promoted.
2. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
3. It was not the word you said angered Mr.Zhang,but you said it.
4. Only when Lily walked into the office (realize)that she has left the contract at home.
5. No sooner Mo Yan steeped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
6. Wasn’t it the icy road rather than the drivers was to blame for the series of traffic accidents?
7. You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all, (bring)plenty of drinking water with you.
8. Not until recently __ ____ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
9. If (accept）for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
10. （observe）carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
11 .—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?
12. Give me a chance, ____ ____ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
13. “Only two centimeters higher, you will break the world record,” encouraged the coach.
14. Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but seem to be no signs of Christmas averts.
15.—Where did you have the discussion with Professor Snow?
—It was in the classroom we had a biology lesson we had the discussion.
16. With so many good friends together with you,you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, you?
二、强化训练
1.短文改错This morning,when I was walking on the streets,I saw that two travelers were reading a map,looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost.I went up and asked what I could help them.They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven.I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take them to take Bus No.20,who could take them there directly.They were appreciated my help greatly.Short after that,the bus came and waved goodbye each other.This was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction.
2.语法填空A rich land owner decided to leave possessions to one of his two sons.As he lay on the deathbed,he called the two young men to him before the break of dawn and even before the cock could crow. He then said，“I will leave all my earth to one who can best fill this room.It was in this room I made plans on how to build up my fortune.Not an inch must
(leave)uncovered.As I am getting (weak) by the hour you both must come back by midnight”.He handed them a small piece of silver and an empty bag to put their (purchase)in.They both went out and (hurry)came back with their purchases.
(bring)the straw,the elder began to spread it around the floor, far from filling the room.It did not even cover half the space. “This is no use,son.”said the father, “and let me see how your brother fills the room.”The younger son took His bag a large candle,set it on the the table in the center of the room and lit it.A brilliant bright light filled up the whole room.The father was (delight)and exclaimed, “son, I am sure you will use the wealth well.




1、 倒装
2.部分倒装
（2）练一练
1. B
2. D
（3）练一练
1. B
2. B
（4）练一练
1. A
2. C
（5）
e.g B
（6）练一练
A
2、 强调
（2）
1. C
2. D
not…until…句型的强调句
练一练
1. D
2. A
3. A
3、 反意疑问句
1、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
练一练
1. aren’t you
2. haven’t you
3. didn’t you
6、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
练一练
1. _B
2. B
3. C
四、省略
五、祈使句和感叹句
3．祈使句+and +陈述句句=if…….+主句
练一练
1. D
2. D
一、特殊句式试题演练
1. that
2. that
3. that……how
4. did she realize
5. had
6. that
7. bring
8. did
9. (you are )accepted
10. Observe
11. didn’t
12. and
13. and
14. there
15. where……that
16. weren’t
1..短文改错
1.streets改为street
2.Looked改为looking
3.What改为how/if/whether
4.Are改为were
5.Nearest前加the
6.Who改为which
7.去掉appreciated前的were
8.Short改为shortly
9.goodbye后加to
10.This 改为It
2.语法填空
1.the 2.that 3.be left 4.weaker 5.purchases 6.hurriedly 7.having brought 8.but 9.from 10.delighted




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