专题十三 情态动词表推测的用法辨析
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，情态动词为必考点，每年考查1-2道，主要在单项选择、完形填空和任务型完形填空中考查。中考则侧重考查表推测的用法，也涉及对其基本用法的考查；省卷侧重考查情态动词的基本用法，偶尔考查其表推测的用法。
判断技巧一：解答情态动词的基本用法类试题时，首先要掌握各个情态动词的基本含义，然后联系语境及上下
文提示，分析具体语境，确定答案。同时，还应观察语境中有没有涉及情态动词的一些常用句型，如： Must I...?； Can you...?等。另外也要注意情态动词根据时态而变化的用法。
判断技巧二：解答情态动词表推测类试题时，首先要判断是表示肯定推测还是否定推测，表示肯定推测用
must，may或 might，表示否定推测用can't。其次判断推测的可能性大小
①表示断然的否定推测，一般此类试题会给出语境提示，若判断是断然的否定推测，此时用cant
②表示不是十分肯定或不确定，此类试题也会有相关的语境提示，如 I'm not sure， who knows等，此
时最好用may或 might；
③表示十分肯定的推测，只要语境中有非常明显的肯定提示词，则只有一种可能，直接选must。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
判断技巧剖析一：表示能力的情态动词
注意:表示具有某种能力的还有半情态动词be able to，但是和can有区别，can只有现在式和过去式。be able to可以有更多的时态。
【典例】(1) I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
【思路点拨】:①考查情态动词表示能力。②句意:如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和John一起去欧洲度假。③ can“能，会”，表示体力、智力、技能方面的能力;might“可能以”，表示可能性推测;would“愿意”;need“需要”，表示必要。
【典例】(2)—No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.—Oh，you are really his big fan.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
【思路点拨】:①句意:—在打篮球方面没有人能和姚明相比。—你真是他忠实的粉丝。
②此处应填表示能力的情态动词。can“能，会”，表示能力;need“需要”;must“必须”，表示义务;might“可以，可能”，表示请求许可或可能性的推测。
【知识归纳】
(1) was/were able to do sth相当于succeeded in doing sth,“表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了”。
(2)could have done表示过去有能力做但未做。
例如:I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题，但是我太紧张了。
判断技巧剖析二： 表示义务责任:have to/must和Should/ought to
1.must/have to和needn't的用法
(1)现在或将来必须做的事:must/have to do sth如:Ori must/has to wear a School uniform. Ori必须穿校服。
(2)现在或将来不必做的事:don't have to do sth; needn't do sth=don't need to do sth
2.should和ought to的用法
(1)should和ought to表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。表示责任义务时语气由强到弱排列应该是must>ought to>should，即ought to的语气强于should，弱于must。
(2)与不定式完成体连用时表示对“本应该做而没有做某事”的责备。
例如:You should(=ought to)90 to class right now.你应该立即去上课。
Should I open the window? 我应该打开窗户吗?
【典例】1 All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane.
A. can B. may C. must D. ought
【思路点拨】:can“能，会”，表示能力;may“可以”，表示请求允许;must“必须”，表示必须做;ought“应该”，表示义务。根据句意“乘飞机之前所有的乘客必须通过安检”，可推断此空应填表示“必要性”的情态动词。
【典例】(2)I worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. daren't
【思路点拨】:① can't“不能，不会做”;needn't“不必，没有必要做”;shouldn't“不应”;daren't“不敢”。
②根据句意“我不必担心周末一到周末之前我总会做好计划的”，可推断worry之前应填“没有必要”。
知识归纳
(1) must/have to必须，一定要。have to有人称、数和时态的变化;must没有变化。如:
He had to see the dentist yesterday.他昨天不得不去看了牙医。
(2)must强调说话人的主观看法，have to强调客观需要。
(3)不要混淆了mustn't与needn't和don't have to: mustn't是强调“禁止做某事”，“没有必要做”用needn't或don't have to表不。
【典例】(1) As middle school students, we be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true.
A. must B. shouldn't C. need
思路点拨:考查表示义务的情态动词的用法。must“必须”，shouldn't“不应该”，need“需要”。根据句意“作为中学生，如果我们想要梦想成真，我们就不应该害怕困难”可知此空要填“不应该”才符合题意。
【典例】(2)一My cat's really fat.一You have given her so much food.
A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't
【思路点拨】:句意:一我的猫真的很胖。一你(本)不应该喂它那么多吃的东西。
shouldn't+have done表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”。根据对话的情景可知，第二句的内容是第一句猫太胖的原因—喂了太多的食物。换句话说就是:你不应该喂它那么多食物。
【知识归纳】
(1)在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
(2)ought to“应该”，否定形式为ought not to或oughtn't to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。如:
I ought to write to him today.我今天应当给他写信。
Humans oughtn't to pollute nature.人类不应污染大自然。
Ought we to help one another?我们应该互相帮助吗?
(3) need“有必要”，need作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中用must, have to, ought to或should。如:
You needn't be told twice about one single thing.同一件事对你不必说两遍。
—Need Ori come here?奥利有必要来吗?
—Yes, he must.是的。/No,he needn't.不，没必要。
(4) need还可以作实义动词，意为“需要”，有人称和数的变化，后接名词或带to的不定式。如:
—Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?需要我把电话和地址留下吗?
—Yes, you need to.是的。/No, you don't need to.不必。
判断技巧剖析三： 表示许可:may/might和can/could
(1) can /could表示允许，意为“可以”，could语气更委婉。如:
—Can I borrow your book?我可以借你的书吗? —Yes, you can.可以。
—Could(不是can的过去式)I use your cell phone for a while?我可以用一会儿你的手机吗，
—Yes, of course you can(表示允许别人做某事，用can，而不用could ).好的，当然可以。
(2) may /might表示允许，意为“可以”，might语气更委婉。如:You may use my ruler.你可以用我的尺子。
—May I come in?我可以进来吗，
—Yes, you may(表示给予许可时，不用might ).是的，你可以进来。
May/Might I have a few words with your manager, please，我可以和你的经理谈一谈吗，
He asked if he might use the phone.他问是否可以用一下电话。
【典例】(1) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?
—Yes，you .
A. can B. must C. could D. should
思路点拨:考查表示允许的情态动词的用法。Could/Can I ...? 是一个表示请求对方许可的句型，意为“我可以……吗?”，肯定回答用“Yes, you can.”.否定回答通常用“Sorry, you can't.”等。
【典例】(2)—Dick, I use your e-dictionary?
—Yes，sure. you give it to David after you use it?
A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can; Could D. shall; Should
【思路点拨】:①will/would用作情态动词表示意愿，决心; may/might“可以”于表示允许，不用于表示请求对方做某事。should“应该”，表示义务;shall作情态动词，一般用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。
②Can I …? “我可……?”用于请求允许。Could you ... ?“你能……?”用于有礼貌地请求对做某事，相当于“Will you please ... ?”和“Would you like to ...?”。
【知识归纳】
(1)对于may引导的疑问句的回答有以下几种:
May I come in?我可以进来吗?
Yes，please.可以。/Yes, you may. 可以。/No, you mustn't.不，千万别。/No，you had better not.不，最好别。/No，you can't.不，你不能。
(2)may置于句首表示祝愿。 May you live long!祝你长寿!
判断技巧剖析四： 表示请求、建议、命令、禁止、意志(意愿、决心)
(1)must(必须)，mustn't(禁止)表示命令、禁止语气较强。
The children must be back by 4 o'clock.孩子们必须在四点之前回来。
You mustn't play football in the street. It's dangerous.你们一定不要在街上踢足球，这很危险。
(2)Can(Could) /Will(Would) you ...?表示提出请求、邀请、建议，一般用于疑问句，常用于第二人称。
Would you join us in the game，你要不要和我们一起做游戏，
Will you phone me later?你过一会儿再给我打电话好吗，
(3) shall一般用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见或请求对方。
What time shall I come?我应该什么时候来，
Shall I change into the evening dress for your party，我换上晚礼服参加你的聚会好吗，
(4) will /would表示意愿、决心、愿望等。
—Can someone help me，有人能帮一下忙吗，—I will，我来帮你。
We won't stay at your house for a long time.我们不会在您这里待太长时间。
He said he would fight for the world championship.他说他要争夺世界冠军。
Would you like some cake，吃点蛋糕吗?
【典例】(1)—Shall we raise some money for the children of Yushu，Qinghai Province? — .
A. I see B. It's a pleasure C. I don't believe it D. That's a good idea
【思路点拨】:① shall用作情态动词，语气比较委婉，常和第一人称I或we搭配，用于疑问句表示征询对方意见。
②句意:一我们为青海省玉树的孩子们捐些钱好吗?那是个好主意。
A:我知道了;B:不客气;C:我不信;D:那是个好主意。
【典例】(2) You park here! It's an emergeney exit.
A. wouldn't B. needn't C. couldn' t D. mustn't
【思路点拨】:句意:不允许你在这儿停放汽车!这是一个紧急出口。根据语
境可知汽车司机停车位置不对，紧急出口处禁止停车、阻塞，四个选项中只有
mustn't意为“不应该，不许可，禁止”。
【知识归纳】
(1)“would like to+动词原形”意为“想要做……”。如：I would like to buy a new computer.我想买一台新电脑。I would like to go out for a walk.我想出去散步。
“would you mind+动名词？”意为“你介意……吗？”如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开一下窗户吗？Of course not.当然不介意。
(2)dare“敢，有胆量”，多用于否定、疑问叹条件句中。如:
Ori dare not travel alone.奥利不敢独自去旅行。How dare you say that?你竟敢那样说?You will be punished if you dare break the rules.如果你敢违反规定，就会受到处罚。
判断技巧剖析五： used to和can't help doing及had better
(1) used to表示过去常常，否定式为usedn't to或didn't use to。
Ori used to take a walk every morning.奥利以前经常每天早上去散步。
(2) had better(常略为'd better)意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议。
You had better be quiet.(用于现在)你最好安静些。
(3) can't help doing表示“不得不，禁不住”。
When I try to speak, I can't help making mistakes.我一开口就禁不住犯错误。
【典例】5 The Yellow River flood large areas， but now the waters of it are used to energy.
A. was used to; producing B. used to; producing C. was used to; produce D. used to; produce
【思路点拨】:句意:黄河过去常淹没大片区域，但是现在黄河水被用来产生能源。used to do表示“过去常常”，be used to do意为“被用来做……”。
易错警示容易混淆的三个used及句型:
①used to do sth过去常常做某事(现在已不再这样)
②be used to doing sth习惯于做某事(to是介词)
③be used to do sth被用来做某事
例如：Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.怀特先生过去曾住在中国，所以习惯了中国菜。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018·广东省41.)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
—If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
( )2.（2018·海南中考29.）—Is that Mr. Zhou?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A. may B. can C. can’t
( )3.(2018·湘潭23.)Did you see the sign “No swimming”? You swim in the river.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to
( )4. （2018菏泽24.）Since you have drunk so much wine, you ____drive your car.
needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t
( )5. （2018?上海中考34.)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
( )6. (2018·北京中考5.）I ______ go now, or I’ll miss my train.
A.can B. might C. must D. Could
( )7. (2018福建A卷23.) —Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicycle-sharing right now?
—No, you _______.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
( )8. (2018·滨州25.)—__________ I swim here?
—I’m sorry. Children __________ swim alone here. It’s very dangerous.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
( )9. (2018·达州32.)—Look!The woman at the school gate ______ be our headmaster.
—No,it ______ be her.She is holding a meeting in the office now.
A.must;can’t B.must;mustn’t C.can;needn’t D.may;mustn’t
( )10. (2018·南充29.)—Look at the man standing at the school gate. Is he your math teacher Mr. Brown?
—No, it be him, He has gone to Chengdu on business.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. may not D. mustn’t
( )11. (2018·重庆A30.)—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?
—No, you_________, my dear. You're free to make your own decision.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. can’t
( )12. （2018·青岛中考6.） This book ______ be Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
( )13. (2018·安徽38.)—May I watch TV, Dad?—When your homework is finished, you _______.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
( )14. (2018·临沂19.) Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
( )15. (2018成都中考34.)—Wow. another gift! What’s in the box?
—I'm not sure. It_______be a pair of sports shoes.
A. must B. may C. will
( )16. （2018·德阳24.）Jack be at home because I saw him in the library just now.
A.can’t B.may C.must D.mustn’t
( )17. (2018·乐山25.)— Why ______ we close that chemical factory?
— Because it has caused lots of pollution. We need better environment.
A. must B. can C. may
( )18. (2018·乐山31.)— What do you think of the fish soup? — Well, it ______ a bit salty.
A. looks B. smells C. tastes
( )19. (2018·宜宾中考23.) Mr. Green ______ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
( )20. (2018·天津29.)—Must I come here before 6:30 tomorrow? —No, you_______. There will be plenty of time.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
( )21. （2018·重庆B卷26.）The cake _____ delicious. I’d like to have another one.
A.tastes B. looks C. sounds D. feels
( )22. （2018·重庆B卷30.）You ____ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A.can’t B. may C. must D. needn’t
( )23. (2018·邵阳27.)—Must I do how now? —No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t
( )24. (2018·长沙22.)—Is the man over there Adam?
—It ____be him. He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation.
A. must B. can't C. mustn't
( )25. (2018·苏州8.) She be slow, but at least she doesn’t make stupid mistakes.
A. needn’t B. may C. can’t D. shall
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. Hey, Jack, you make the room such a mess. It's hard to do the cleaning.
A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. won't
( )2. David have gone far because his lap computer is over here, he must be nearby.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't
( )3. I think the most important thing is that you really want to learn the language-without that，you won't get very far.
A. have to B. will C. shall D. might
( )4.—Do I have to sell my old computer? It almost stops working.
—You do so, it only needs . Something has gone wrong with it.
A. mustn't; to repair B. can't; repairing C. needn't; repairing D. may not; to repair
( )5.—It Jack who is at the gate of our library.一It him. I saw him off at the airport just an hour ago.
A. can be; can't be B. must be; can't be C. can be; must have been D. must be; can't have been
( )6. What a beautiful day! You take your umbrella at all.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. may not
( )7.—Is that our math teacher —It be him. He has gone to London.
A. can B. may C. mustn't D. can't
( )8.—I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter. 一It true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won't be C. couldn't be D. will be
( )9. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
( )10.—What are you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( )11. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
( )12.— you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone 一Sorry Sir，but it's urgent.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
( )13. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will B. can C. must D. should
( )14.一I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
( )15.一Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
一I wanted to，but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
( )16. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we get the work done.
A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't
( )17.一What's the name?—Khulaifi. I spell that for your
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
( )18. There's no light on--they be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
专题十三 情态动词表推测的用法辨析
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，情态动词为必考点，每年考查1-2道，主要在单项选择、完形填空和任务型完形填空中考查。中考则侧重考查表推测的用法，也涉及对其基本用法的考查；省卷侧重考查情态动词的基本用法，偶尔考查其表推测的用法。
判断技巧一：解答情态动词的基本用法类试题时，首先要掌握各个情态动词的基本含义，然后联系语境及上下
文提示，分析具体语境，确定答案。同时，还应观察语境中有没有涉及情态动词的一些常用句型，如： Must I...?； Can you...?等。另外也要注意情态动词根据时态而变化的用法。
判断技巧二：解答情态动词表推测类试题时，首先要判断是表示肯定推测还是否定推测，表示肯定推测用
must，may或 might，表示否定推测用can't。其次判断推测的可能性大小
①表示断然的否定推测，一般此类试题会给出语境提示，若判断是断然的否定推测，此时用cant
②表示不是十分肯定或不确定，此类试题也会有相关的语境提示，如 I'm not sure， who knows等，此
时最好用may或 might；
③表示十分肯定的推测，只要语境中有非常明显的肯定提示词，则只有一种可能，直接选must。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
判断技巧剖析一：表示能力的情态动词
注意:表示具有某种能力的还有半情态动词be able to，但是和can有区别，can只有现在式和过去式。be able to可以有更多的时态。
【典例】(1) I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
【思路点拨】:①考查情态动词表示能力。②句意:如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和John一起去欧洲度假。③ can“能，会”，表示体力、智力、技能方面的能力;might“可能以”，表示可能性推测;would“愿意”;need“需要”，表示必要。
【典例】(2)—No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.—Oh，you are really his big fan.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
【思路点拨】:①句意:—在打篮球方面没有人能和姚明相比。—你真是他忠实的粉丝。
②此处应填表示能力的情态动词。can“能，会”，表示能力;need“需要”;must“必须”，表示义务;might“可以，可能”，表示请求许可或可能性的推测。
【知识归纳】
(1) was/were able to do sth相当于succeeded in doing sth,“表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了”。
(2)could have done表示过去有能力做但未做。
例如:I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题，但是我太紧张了。
判断技巧剖析二： 表示义务责任:have to/must和Should/ought to
1.must/have to和needn't的用法
(1)现在或将来必须做的事:must/have to do sth如:Ori must/has to wear a School uniform. Ori必须穿校服。
(2)现在或将来不必做的事:don't have to do sth; needn't do sth=don't need to do sth
2.should和ought to的用法
(1)should和ought to表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。表示责任义务时语气由强到弱排列应该是must>ought to>should，即ought to的语气强于should，弱于must。
(2)与不定式完成体连用时表示对“本应该做而没有做某事”的责备。
例如:You should(=ought to)90 to class right now.你应该立即去上课。
Should I open the window? 我应该打开窗户吗?
【典例】1 All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane.
A. can B. may C. must D. ought
【思路点拨】:can“能，会”，表示能力;may“可以”，表示请求允许;must“必须”，表示必须做;ought“应该”，表示义务。根据句意“乘飞机之前所有的乘客必须通过安检”，可推断此空应填表示“必要性”的情态动词。
【典例】(2)I worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. daren't
【思路点拨】:① can't“不能，不会做”;needn't“不必，没有必要做”;shouldn't“不应”;daren't“不敢”。
②根据句意“我不必担心周末一到周末之前我总会做好计划的”，可推断worry之前应填“没有必要”。
知识归纳
(1) must/have to必须，一定要。have to有人称、数和时态的变化;must没有变化。如:
He had to see the dentist yesterday.他昨天不得不去看了牙医。
(2)must强调说话人的主观看法，have to强调客观需要。
(3)不要混淆了mustn't与needn't和don't have to: mustn't是强调“禁止做某事”，“没有必要做”用needn't或don't have to表不。
【典例】(1) As middle school students, we be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true.
A. must B. shouldn't C. need
思路点拨:考查表示义务的情态动词的用法。must“必须”，shouldn't“不应该”，need“需要”。根据句意“作为中学生，如果我们想要梦想成真，我们就不应该害怕困难”可知此空要填“不应该”才符合题意。
【典例】(2)一My cat's really fat.一You have given her so much food.
A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't
【思路点拨】:句意:一我的猫真的很胖。一你(本)不应该喂它那么多吃的东西。
shouldn't+have done表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”。根据对话的情景可知，第二句的内容是第一句猫太胖的原因—喂了太多的食物。换句话说就是:你不应该喂它那么多食物。
【知识归纳】
(1)在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
(2)ought to“应该”，否定形式为ought not to或oughtn't to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。如:
I ought to write to him today.我今天应当给他写信。
Humans oughtn't to pollute nature.人类不应污染大自然。
Ought we to help one another?我们应该互相帮助吗?
(3) need“有必要”，need作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中用must, have to, ought to或should。如:
You needn't be told twice about one single thing.同一件事对你不必说两遍。
—Need Ori come here?奥利有必要来吗?
—Yes, he must.是的。/No,he needn't.不，没必要。
(4) need还可以作实义动词，意为“需要”，有人称和数的变化，后接名词或带to的不定式。如:
—Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?需要我把电话和地址留下吗?
—Yes, you need to.是的。/No, you don't need to.不必。
判断技巧剖析三： 表示许可:may/might和can/could
(1) can /could表示允许，意为“可以”，could语气更委婉。如:
—Can I borrow your book?我可以借你的书吗? —Yes, you can.可以。
—Could(不是can的过去式)I use your cell phone for a while?我可以用一会儿你的手机吗，
—Yes, of course you can(表示允许别人做某事，用can，而不用could ).好的，当然可以。
(2) may /might表示允许，意为“可以”，might语气更委婉。如:You may use my ruler.你可以用我的尺子。
—May I come in?我可以进来吗，
—Yes, you may(表示给予许可时，不用might ).是的，你可以进来。
May/Might I have a few words with your manager, please，我可以和你的经理谈一谈吗，
He asked if he might use the phone.他问是否可以用一下电话。
【典例】(1) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?
—Yes，you .
A. can B. must C. could D. should
思路点拨:考查表示允许的情态动词的用法。Could/Can I ...? 是一个表示请求对方许可的句型，意为“我可以……吗?”，肯定回答用“Yes, you can.”.否定回答通常用“Sorry, you can't.”等。
【典例】(2)—Dick, I use your e-dictionary?
—Yes，sure. you give it to David after you use it?
A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can; Could D. shall; Should
【思路点拨】:①will/would用作情态动词表示意愿，决心; may/might“可以”于表示允许，不用于表示请求对方做某事。should“应该”，表示义务;shall作情态动词，一般用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。
②Can I …? “我可……?”用于请求允许。Could you ... ?“你能……?”用于有礼貌地请求对做某事，相当于“Will you please ... ?”和“Would you like to ...?”。
【知识归纳】
(1)对于may引导的疑问句的回答有以下几种:
May I come in?我可以进来吗?
Yes，please.可以。/Yes, you may. 可以。/No, you mustn't.不，千万别。/No，you had better not.不，最好别。/No，you can't.不，你不能。
(2)may置于句首表示祝愿。 May you live long!祝你长寿!
判断技巧剖析四： 表示请求、建议、命令、禁止、意志(意愿、决心)
(1)must(必须)，mustn't(禁止)表示命令、禁止语气较强。
The children must be back by 4 o'clock.孩子们必须在四点之前回来。
You mustn't play football in the street. It's dangerous.你们一定不要在街上踢足球，这很危险。
(2)Can(Could) /Will(Would) you ...?表示提出请求、邀请、建议，一般用于疑问句，常用于第二人称。
Would you join us in the game，你要不要和我们一起做游戏，
Will you phone me later?你过一会儿再给我打电话好吗，
(3) shall一般用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见或请求对方。
What time shall I come?我应该什么时候来，
Shall I change into the evening dress for your party，我换上晚礼服参加你的聚会好吗，
(4) will /would表示意愿、决心、愿望等。
—Can someone help me，有人能帮一下忙吗，—I will，我来帮你。
We won't stay at your house for a long time.我们不会在您这里待太长时间。
He said he would fight for the world championship.他说他要争夺世界冠军。
Would you like some cake，吃点蛋糕吗?
【典例】(1)—Shall we raise some money for the children of Yushu，Qinghai Province? — .
A. I see B. It's a pleasure C. I don't believe it D. That's a good idea
【思路点拨】:① shall用作情态动词，语气比较委婉，常和第一人称I或we搭配，用于疑问句表示征询对方意见。
②句意:一我们为青海省玉树的孩子们捐些钱好吗?那是个好主意。
A:我知道了;B:不客气;C:我不信;D:那是个好主意。
【典例】(2) You park here! It's an emergeney exit.
A. wouldn't B. needn't C. couldn' t D. mustn't
【思路点拨】:句意:不允许你在这儿停放汽车!这是一个紧急出口。根据语
境可知汽车司机停车位置不对，紧急出口处禁止停车、阻塞，四个选项中只有
mustn't意为“不应该，不许可，禁止”。
【知识归纳】
(1)“would like to+动词原形”意为“想要做……”。如：I would like to buy a new computer.我想买一台新电脑。I would like to go out for a walk.我想出去散步。
“would you mind+动名词？”意为“你介意……吗？”如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开一下窗户吗？Of course not.当然不介意。
(2)dare“敢，有胆量”，多用于否定、疑问叹条件句中。如:
Ori dare not travel alone.奥利不敢独自去旅行。How dare you say that?你竟敢那样说?You will be punished if you dare break the rules.如果你敢违反规定，就会受到处罚。
判断技巧剖析五： used to和can't help doing及had better
(1) used to表示过去常常，否定式为usedn't to或didn't use to。
Ori used to take a walk every morning.奥利以前经常每天早上去散步。
(2) had better(常略为'd better)意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议。
You had better be quiet.(用于现在)你最好安静些。
(3) can't help doing表示“不得不，禁不住”。
When I try to speak, I can't help making mistakes.我一开口就禁不住犯错误。
【典例】5 The Yellow River flood large areas， but now the waters of it are used to energy.
A. was used to; producing B. used to; producing C. was used to; produce D. used to; produce
【思路点拨】:句意:黄河过去常淹没大片区域，但是现在黄河水被用来产生能源。used to do表示“过去常常”，be used to do意为“被用来做……”。
易错警示容易混淆的三个used及句型:
①used to do sth过去常常做某事(现在已不再这样)
②be used to doing sth习惯于做某事(to是介词)
③be used to do sth被用来做某事
例如：Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.怀特先生过去曾住在中国，所以习惯了中国菜。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018·广东省41.)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
—If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——中国著名的科学家袁隆平现正在进行在海上种植水稻的研究。——如果农民们能在咸水里进行水稻种植，中国的食物保障将会显著提升。can能够，可以；can’t不可能；must必须；mustn’t千万别。本题中，题干语境意为“可以，能够”，故选A。
【答案】A
( )2.（2018·海南中考29.）—Is that Mr. Zhou?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A. may B. can C. can’t
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由答语后半句“他去北京了”，可推断不可能是周老师，表示否定推测用can't。故选C。
【答案】C
( )3.(2018·湘潭23.)Did you see the sign “No swimming”? You swim in the river.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：你看见了“不准游泳”这个标志吗？你不可以在这条河里游泳。needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止，不可以；don’t have to不必。故选B。
【答案】B
( )4. （2018菏泽24.）Since you have drunk so much wine, you ____drive your car.
needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：既然你喝了那么多的酒，你一定不要开车。needn’t没必要；wouldn’t不会；mustn’t 一定不要。分析句意可推知：酒后不准开车，具有命令、要求之意，故选C。
【答案】C
( )5. （2018?上海中考34.)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——我必须自己做这个项目吗？ ——不，你不必。你可以和你同学一起做。根据前面问句用了情态动词must，再结合来回答是否定的，must的否定回答用needn’t，故选A。
【答案】A
( )6. (2018·北京中考5.）I ______ go now, or I’ll miss my train.
A.can B. might C. must D. Could
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。can能；可以；might可能；must必须；一定；could会；可能；可以。根据句意判断：我现在必须走了，否则我会赶不上火车了。故选C。
【答案】C
( )7. (2018福建A卷23.) —Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicycle-sharing right now?
—No, you _______.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：—我必须要现在交共享单车调查吗？—不，不必。以must提问的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must（必须），否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to（不必）。由答语No可知该题为否定回答。故选A。
【答案】A
( )8. (2018·滨州25.)—__________ I swim here?
—I’m sorry. Children __________ swim alone here. It’s very dangerous.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我可以在这儿游泳吗？——抱歉，孩子们绝对不能单独在这里游泳，这里太危险了。由后句抱歉可知，上句应该是请求允许“可以”；由dangerous可知，应该“禁止，绝对不能”。故选C。
【答案】C
( )9. (2018·达州32.)—Look!The woman at the school gate ______ be our headmaster.
—No,it ______ be her.She is holding a meeting in the office now.
A.must;can’t B.must;mustn’t C.can;needn’t D.may;mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——看！学校门口的那个女士肯定是我们的校长。——不，不可能是她。她正在办公室里开会呢。本句使用情态动词表示猜测和判断。第一个人表示肯定的推测，而答语否定了前者的推测，从答语知，那个人“不可能”是她。故选A。
【答案】A
( )10. (2018·南充29.)—Look at the man standing at the school gate. Is he your math teacher Mr. Brown?
—No, it be him, He has gone to Chengdu on business.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. may not D. mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：—请看站在校大门口的那个男子。他是你的数学老师布朗先生吗？—不，不可能是他。他已去成都做生意了。needn’t不必；can’t不可能，表推测(推测时很有把握)；may not也许不，表推测(推测时不太有把握)；mustn’t一定不可以怎么样，表禁止，不许可。从答语第二句知，应答者对站在学校门口的那个男子是非常肯定，因此这里表“不可能”。故选B。
【答案】B
( )11. (2018·重庆A30.)—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?
—No, you_________, my dear. You're free to make your own decision.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. can’t
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，我必须和你一块出去吃晚饭吗？——_____.你可以自由地自己做决定。根据语境可知是否定回答，以must开头的疑问句，否定回答用needn’t，故选C。
【答案】C
( )12. （2018·青岛中考6.） This book ______ be Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：这本书一定是露西的。看，她的名字在上面。can表示推测时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句；may和might表示推测的可能性较小，?might?比?may?语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。由“Her name is on it”可知，把握非常大，这本书“一定”是她的。故选C。
【答案】C
( )13. (2018·安徽38.)—May I watch TV, Dad?—When your homework is finished, you _______.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
【解析】考查情态动词之许可。句意：——我可以看电视吗，爸爸？——当你完成家庭作业时，你就可以看。should应该；can能；must一定；need需要。根据语境知选B。
【答案】B
( )14. (2018·临沂19.) Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。句意：请你说大点声好吗？我不能很好地听到你说的话。can't不能；mustn't禁止；不允许；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要。表示“不能够”，应用can’t。故选A。
【答案】A
( )15. (2018成都中考34.)—Wow. another gift! What’s in the box?
—I'm not sure. It_______be a pair of sports shoes.
A. must B. may C. will
【解析】此题考査情态动词表推测的用法。因为句子前面有一个‘I’m not sure”表示不 确定，所以是可能性的推测，从而选择B。
【答案】B
( )16. （2018·德阳24.）Jack be at home because I saw him in the library just now.
A.can’t B.may C.must D.mustn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：杰克不可能在家因为我刚刚在图书馆看到了他。表示否定猜测用情态动词can’t，表示“不可能”，故答案选A。
【答案】A
( )17. (2018·乐山25.)— Why ______ we close that chemical factory?
— Because it has caused lots of pollution. We need better environment.
A. must B. can C. may
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：— 为什么我们必须关闭化工厂? — 因为它造成了大量污染。我们需要更好的环境。must必须；can能，会；may可以。根据答语可知，因为化工厂造成了大量的污染，我们必须关掉化工厂，故选A。
【答案】A
( )18. (2018·乐山31.)— What do you think of the fish soup? — Well, it ______ a bit salty.
A. looks B. smells C. tastes
【解析】考查系动词的用法。句意：— 你觉得这鱼汤怎么样? — 嗯，它尝起来有点咸。look看起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来。鱼汤有点咸是品尝的结果，故选C。
【答案】C
( )19. (2018·宜宾中考23.) Mr. Green ______ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
【解析】考查情态动词表示推断。由He went abroad on vacation last Friday, 可知“格林先生现在不可能在家”。
【答案】C
( )20. (2018·天津29.)—Must I come here before 6:30 tomorrow? —No, you_______. There will be plenty of time.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的用法辨析。句意：——明天我必须在6:30之前到这儿来吗？——不，没有必要，时间足够。问句Must I...？肯定回答用：Yes, you must. ，否定回答用：No, you needn’t/you don’t have to.。故选D。
【答案】D
( )21. （2018·重庆B卷26.）The cake _____ delicious. I’d like to have another one.
A.tastes B. looks C. sounds D. feels
【解析】考查系动词的辨析。句意：蛋糕尝起来很美味，我想再要一个。”taste”尝起来、”look”看起来、”sound”听起来、”feel”感觉。故选A。
【答案】A
( )22. （2018·重庆B卷30.）You ____ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A.can’t B. may C. must D. needn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：当路灯变红的时候你必须停下来。根据下文”when the traffic lights turn red”可知，此处指”你必须停下来。”must必须，一定。故选C。
【答案】C
( )23. (2018·邵阳27.)—Must I do how now? —No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。must引导的问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故答案为B。
【答案】B
( )24. (2018·长沙22.)—Is the man over there Adam?
—It ____be him. He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation.
A. must B. can't C. mustn't
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：在那儿的男士是亚当么？不可能是他。他已经去香港度假了。must一定，can’t不可能，mustn’t禁止，故选B。
【答案】B
( )25. (2018·苏州8.) She be slow, but at least she doesn’t make stupid mistakes.
A. needn’t B. may C. can’t D. shall
【解析】考查情态动词用法辨析。句意：她可能很慢，但至少她不会犯这些愚蠢的错误。根据句中连词but可知，前后句在意义上是转折关系，所以空白处应用may表示“可能”。故选B。
【答案】B
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. Hey, Jack, you make the room such a mess. It's hard to do the cleaning.
A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. won't
( )2. David have gone far because his lap computer is over here, he must be nearby.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't
( )3. I think the most important thing is that you really want to learn the language-without that，you won't get very far.
A. have to B. will C. shall D. might
( )4.—Do I have to sell my old computer? It almost stops working.
—You do so, it only needs . Something has gone wrong with it.
A. mustn't; to repair B. can't; repairing C. needn't; repairing D. may not; to repair
( )5.—It Jack who is at the gate of our library.一It him. I saw him off at the airport just an hour ago.
A. can be; can't be B. must be; can't be C. can be; must have been D. must be; can't have been
( )6. What a beautiful day! You take your umbrella at all.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. may not
( )7.—Is that our math teacher —It be him. He has gone to London.
A. can B. may C. mustn't D. can't
( )8.—I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter. 一It true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won't be C. couldn't be D. will be
( )9. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
( )10.—What are you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( )11. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
( )12.— you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone 一Sorry Sir，but it's urgent.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
( )13. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will B. can C. must D. should
( )14.一I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
( )15.一Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
一I wanted to，but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
( )16. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we get the work done.
A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't
( )17.一What's the name?—Khulaifi. I spell that for your
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
( )18. There's no light on--they be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
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