2019高考英语定语从句复习课件(23张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2019高考英语定语从句复习课件(23张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 231.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-04-30 22:48:40 | ||
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定语从句
What are “ Attributive Clauses”?
定语可以由 形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为 “定语从句”。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：
关系词：
a. 引导定语从句
b. 指代先行词
c. 在定语从句中充当句子成分
1. 指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who, that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone, he, those时，一般用who.
e.g. a. The man who / that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
b. Anyone who wishes to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m.
2. who 和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who.
e.g. Your parents are the persons to whom you can turn for help when you meet with difficulties.
3. 先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中, that 和 which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。
(1) 下列场合一般只用that:
a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时。
e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil.
b. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
c. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时。
e.g. Yesterday we talked about the former classmates and things that we remembered.
d. 主语是以who 或 which开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g. Who is the person that you want to see?
(2) 下列场合不能使用 that:
a. 在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用 who或whom, 指物时使用which)。
e.g. The boy brought in a stranger, who was badly hurt.
He failed in the English exam, which made his father very angry.
指代上文全句
b. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。
e.g. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.
4. whose 引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
e.g. a. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. b. My brother lives in a room whose window is very large.
Alec asked the policeman _____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
with whom B. who
C. with him D. whom
2. We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before.
to where B. to which
C. that D. which
3. He often helps the students ______ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
whom B. who C. when D. because
4. Government reports, examinations, compositions, legal documents and most letters are the main situations _____ formal language is used.?
in which?? B. on which??
C. in that??? D. at what
5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that
6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. 当先行词指时间、地点、原因(the reason) 时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when, where, why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用which或that.
e.g. Do you know the reason why he was late for school?
作从句的状语
Do you know the reason that he explained to his teacher?
作从句的宾语
6. 当先行词是the way,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，既可以用that也可以用 in which，它们又都可以省略。
e.g. Please tell me the way (that / in which) you solved the problem.
1. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
2. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
4. Have you asked her for the reason _____?may explain her absence?
A. why B. what C. for that D. that
7. 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主语中的the same 或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词可省略。
e.g. a. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
b. We do the same work as they (do). c. I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.
注意：当先行词the same 修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可以用that, 但意思是有区别的。
e.g. He bought the same diamond as I lost two years before. (是差不多一样的一颗，而非同一颗钻石。)
e.g. He bought the same diamond that I lost two years before. (是同一颗钻石。)
as 或 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which所引导的指的是前面整个句子，which本身无意义；而as则有意义，而且还可以位于句首。
1. It rained hard yesterday, _____ prevented us from going to the park.
that B. which C. as D. it
2. ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
3. Chongqing is not the same city _____ we have seen in other countries.
that B. which C. 不填 D. as
4. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
8. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
What is a ‘restrictive attributive clause’?
有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句 。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。
e.g. I have three brothers. My brother who lives in Canada is a doctor.
e.g. I have only one brother. My brother, who lives in Canada, is a doctor.
What is a ‘non-restrictive attributive clause’?
定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切, 只是作一些附加说明, 不起限制作用, 这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句 。这类从句往往用逗号与主语分开。
1. This is Mr Smith, _____ I think has something to tell you.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
2. I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
3. He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
4. The residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all their homes?
B. all whose homes?
C. all of whose homes?
D. all of their homes??
What are “ Attributive Clauses”?
定语可以由 形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为 “定语从句”。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：
关系词：
a. 引导定语从句
b. 指代先行词
c. 在定语从句中充当句子成分
1. 指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who, that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone, he, those时，一般用who.
e.g. a. The man who / that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
b. Anyone who wishes to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m.
2. who 和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who.
e.g. Your parents are the persons to whom you can turn for help when you meet with difficulties.
3. 先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中, that 和 which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。
(1) 下列场合一般只用that:
a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时。
e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil.
b. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
c. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时。
e.g. Yesterday we talked about the former classmates and things that we remembered.
d. 主语是以who 或 which开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g. Who is the person that you want to see?
(2) 下列场合不能使用 that:
a. 在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用 who或whom, 指物时使用which)。
e.g. The boy brought in a stranger, who was badly hurt.
He failed in the English exam, which made his father very angry.
指代上文全句
b. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。
e.g. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.
4. whose 引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
e.g. a. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. b. My brother lives in a room whose window is very large.
Alec asked the policeman _____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
with whom B. who
C. with him D. whom
2. We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before.
to where B. to which
C. that D. which
3. He often helps the students ______ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
whom B. who C. when D. because
4. Government reports, examinations, compositions, legal documents and most letters are the main situations _____ formal language is used.?
in which?? B. on which??
C. in that??? D. at what
5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that
6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. 当先行词指时间、地点、原因(the reason) 时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when, where, why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用which或that.
e.g. Do you know the reason why he was late for school?
作从句的状语
Do you know the reason that he explained to his teacher?
作从句的宾语
6. 当先行词是the way,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，既可以用that也可以用 in which，它们又都可以省略。
e.g. Please tell me the way (that / in which) you solved the problem.
1. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
2. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
4. Have you asked her for the reason _____?may explain her absence?
A. why B. what C. for that D. that
7. 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主语中的the same 或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词可省略。
e.g. a. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
b. We do the same work as they (do). c. I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.
注意：当先行词the same 修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可以用that, 但意思是有区别的。
e.g. He bought the same diamond as I lost two years before. (是差不多一样的一颗，而非同一颗钻石。)
e.g. He bought the same diamond that I lost two years before. (是同一颗钻石。)
as 或 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which所引导的指的是前面整个句子，which本身无意义；而as则有意义，而且还可以位于句首。
1. It rained hard yesterday, _____ prevented us from going to the park.
that B. which C. as D. it
2. ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
3. Chongqing is not the same city _____ we have seen in other countries.
that B. which C. 不填 D. as
4. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
8. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
What is a ‘restrictive attributive clause’?
有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句 。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。
e.g. I have three brothers. My brother who lives in Canada is a doctor.
e.g. I have only one brother. My brother, who lives in Canada, is a doctor.
What is a ‘non-restrictive attributive clause’?
定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切, 只是作一些附加说明, 不起限制作用, 这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句 。这类从句往往用逗号与主语分开。
1. This is Mr Smith, _____ I think has something to tell you.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
2. I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
3. He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
4. The residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all their homes?
B. all whose homes?
C. all of whose homes?
D. all of their homes??