2019高三英语《定语从句》高考考点讲解课件(22张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2019高三英语《定语从句》高考考点讲解课件(22张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-04-30 22:49:35 | ||
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定 语 从 句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句
关系词
连接作用
1.
2.
在从句中充当成分
后
关系词
1.
关系代词
2.
关系副词
1.
指人
2.
指物
3.
指某一情况
that
who
whom
whose
that
which
whose
which
as
不能放于句首
放于句中或句首
“正如”
when
where
why
(主语/宾语)
(状语)
1、_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
2、John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,
_______ was true.
A．he B．this C．which D．who
1)非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象……那样、正如所……的”。 （3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用 which，而不用 as，
考点一：关系代词: as
D
C
注意 the same … as / such … as 的使用问题
当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：
I have the same opinion as / that you have.
Such as 与such that
He is such a good teacher ____ we all love and respect.
A that B. as C. who D. so
B
他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他
他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师．
He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.
He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.
1.a.It is such an interesting book _____ we all want to read twice.
b. It is such an interesting book____ we all want to read it twice.
A as, as B. that, that C. as, that D. that, as
2.I have never heard such stories ____ he tells.
A.As B. that C. which D. what
C
A
考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题
先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。
例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,________of great importance to science.
?A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
?
因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语I think应放在关系代词后面。
A
例2: Is this factory________ you visited yesterday?
?
A. Which B. that C. where D. the one
不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句This factory is________you visited yesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填the one。
D
例3: The students in our class study harder than ________are in their class.
?A. who B. those who C. that D. which
?
分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填those who。
B
考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。
例1: He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
?A. where B. which C. while D. why
?
析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
Ａ
例2: I can think of many cases________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
?A. why B. which C. as D. where
?
析:many cases 意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
?
Ｄ
例3: Her illness will not develop to the point________ no medicine can cure her.
?A. where B. which C. that D. as
析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
?
Ａ
考点四： whose指物时可与of which等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：
This is the book
the cover of which
whose cover
is blue.
1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_______effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
2) George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political
novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
B
D
“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which” 。题1可变为：from the effects of which …
考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较
1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited
three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2、There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped
her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
C
A
当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。题1中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。
考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句
1、The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be
___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
2、He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went
on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
C
C
题1中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。
介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中
的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：
１．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?
Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?
The pencil (which / that) he was writing with
suddenly broke.
2. 要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。
解题思路
1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。
4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序
3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
(去掉)
which
____
to
the one
Correct the sentences:
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those which haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
in
when
____
who
(that/which)
^
^
Correct the sentences:
9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which our team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
____
that
____
that
____
why
it
____
Correct the sentences:
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
as
who
______
____
____
gives
why
^
Correct the sentences:
17. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently.
18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
that
____
_____
has
As
that
____
____
Correct the sentences:
21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t
come to school today.
23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
as
_____
Whose
____
that
____
巩固练习：
1。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him.
A who B that C what D which
2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New
Year’s party was a great success.
A for which B at which C in which D on which
3。There was time I hated to go to school.
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the; when
4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine
months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
5。There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
C
A
D
D
B
6。 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
7。I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A．which B．when C．where D．that
8。Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
9。Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A．which B．that C．this D．it
10。_________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
A
C
C
A
C
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句
关系词
连接作用
1.
2.
在从句中充当成分
后
关系词
1.
关系代词
2.
关系副词
1.
指人
2.
指物
3.
指某一情况
that
who
whom
whose
that
which
whose
which
as
不能放于句首
放于句中或句首
“正如”
when
where
why
(主语/宾语)
(状语)
1、_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
2、John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,
_______ was true.
A．he B．this C．which D．who
1)非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象……那样、正如所……的”。 （3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用 which，而不用 as，
考点一：关系代词: as
D
C
注意 the same … as / such … as 的使用问题
当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：
I have the same opinion as / that you have.
Such as 与such that
He is such a good teacher ____ we all love and respect.
A that B. as C. who D. so
B
他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他
他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师．
He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.
He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.
1.a.It is such an interesting book _____ we all want to read twice.
b. It is such an interesting book____ we all want to read it twice.
A as, as B. that, that C. as, that D. that, as
2.I have never heard such stories ____ he tells.
A.As B. that C. which D. what
C
A
考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题
先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。
例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,________of great importance to science.
?A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
?
因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语I think应放在关系代词后面。
A
例2: Is this factory________ you visited yesterday?
?
A. Which B. that C. where D. the one
不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句This factory is________you visited yesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填the one。
D
例3: The students in our class study harder than ________are in their class.
?A. who B. those who C. that D. which
?
分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填those who。
B
考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。
例1: He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
?A. where B. which C. while D. why
?
析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
Ａ
例2: I can think of many cases________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
?A. why B. which C. as D. where
?
析:many cases 意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
?
Ｄ
例3: Her illness will not develop to the point________ no medicine can cure her.
?A. where B. which C. that D. as
析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
?
Ａ
考点四： whose指物时可与of which等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：
This is the book
the cover of which
whose cover
is blue.
1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_______effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
2) George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political
novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
B
D
“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which” 。题1可变为：from the effects of which …
考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较
1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited
three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2、There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped
her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
C
A
当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。题1中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。
考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句
1、The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be
___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
2、He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went
on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
C
C
题1中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。
介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中
的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：
１．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?
Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?
The pencil (which / that) he was writing with
suddenly broke.
2. 要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。
解题思路
1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。
4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序
3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
(去掉)
which
____
to
the one
Correct the sentences:
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those which haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
in
when
____
who
(that/which)
^
^
Correct the sentences:
9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which our team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
____
that
____
that
____
why
it
____
Correct the sentences:
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
as
who
______
____
____
gives
why
^
Correct the sentences:
17. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently.
18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
that
____
_____
has
As
that
____
____
Correct the sentences:
21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t
come to school today.
23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
as
_____
Whose
____
that
____
巩固练习：
1。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him.
A who B that C what D which
2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New
Year’s party was a great success.
A for which B at which C in which D on which
3。There was time I hated to go to school.
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the; when
4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine
months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
5。There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
C
A
D
D
B
6。 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
7。I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A．which B．when C．where D．that
8。Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
9。Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A．which B．that C．this D．it
10。_________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
A
C
C
A
C