2019英语高考《定语从句》专题课件(39张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2019英语高考《定语从句》专题课件(39张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-04-30 22:55:00 | ||
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定语从句（一）
---基本用法
2019.4.29
eg: He is a boy. He wears a pair of glasses.
?
He is a boy , wears a pairs of glasses.
?
?
He is a boy he wears a pair of glasses.
He is a boy wears a pair of glasses.
或：He is a boy , wears a pair of glasses.
and he
;
that/who
who
先行词
关系词
定语从句：复合句中，一个句子限定修饰主句中的某个名词（n.）,代词（pron.）,或整个主句（非限制性定语从句）的句子。
被修饰的名词，代词或句子叫先行词；引导定语从句的叫关系词。
关系词：关系代词 和 关系副词
eg. He is a boy who/that wears a pair of glasses.
或：He is a boy , who wears a pair of glasses.
讨论：who/that （即：关系词）的作用？
1.代指先行词 boy;(关系词为不是本身意思，而是先行词的意思.)
2.在定语从句中做句子成分.
关系代词：
关系词
that
which
who
whom
whose
as
先行词
指人、物
指物
指人
指人
指人、物
指人、物
在定语从句中做那些句子成分
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语
宾语
定语（whose+n.）
主语、宾语
关系代词做宾语是可以省略.
He is a boy who/that comes from Canada.
He is the boy I‘m looking after.
exercises:
1.Do you know the man __________ is talking to your mother now?
2.The building ________ structure attracts me most is being built.
3.The boy ________ father works abroad is my classmate.
4.A plane is a machine ___________ can fly.
5.The girl __________ I'm looking for is called Mary.
who/that
whose
whose
that/which
(that/whom)
The girl I'm looking for is Mary.
?
summary:
思考：如何判定一个句子是定语从句呢？
1.一个完整的句子（.）包含两个谓语动词可判断有两个句子；
2.其中一个句子位于名词或代词之后且限定修饰那个名词或代词.
He is a boy who/that wears a pair of glasses.
1.确定先行词（指人/指物）；
?2.判定从句缺什么成分（主 语/宾语/状语）
?3.选定关系词.
关系副词：
关系副词 先行词 在定语从句做什么成分
when
where
why
指物的名词
作状语
exercises:
1.I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
2.The reason ____ he refused the invitation was not clear.
3.This the small village ________ he was born.
when
why
where
? on which
? for which
? in which
讨论：当先行词为时间/地点/原因的n.时，定语从句的关系词一定用when/where/why吗？
eg.
1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school.
I still remember the day ______ I spent with you in the village.
2. The reason ______ he refused the invitation was not clear.
The reason ___________ he explained was surprising.
3.This is the small village _______ he was born.
This is the small village __________ he never forgets in his memory.
when
why
where
(that/which)
(that/which)
(that/which)
结论：
定语从句关系词的选择：确定先行词(人/物)?分析定语从句的成分
?缺主语/宾语/（表语)?关系代词（that/which/who/whom/as）
?缺状语?关系副词(when/where/why)
?缺定语（空后为名词）?用 whose
exercises:
1. The person _______ called you yesterday wants to buy the house.
2. Do you know the girl ______ father is a famous doctor?
3. Football is a game _____ is liked by most boys.
4. I can't imagine the reason _____ he turned down my offer.
5. Is this the museum _______ you paid a visit to the other day?
6. I always remember the days _____ I was taken good care of in the hospital.
7. I saw some trees _____ leaves were black with disease.
8.The club ______ I have made several friends was torn down last year.
定语从句（二）
---that/which/as的特殊用法
Revision：
1.The house _______ I would like to buy is not for sale.
2.The thief _______ had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.
3.I know Mary very well _____ mother is a teacher.
4.The office ________ he works is on the third floor.
5.Maybe you have a habit ___ is driving your family crazy.
6. This is the reason ____ Bob gave me for his absence.
7.This is the reason _______ Bob was absent from yesterday's meeting.
eg.They planted the trees __________ didn't need much water.
但: (1). He told me everything ____ he kenw.
(2). All the books ____ you offered have been given
out.
(3). He is the first man _____ has won five golden medals in the Olympic Games.
(4). This is the best film ____ I have ever seen.
(5). We talked about the persons and things _____ we remembered.
(6). Who is the man _____ is making a speech.
（7）He is the only man _______ I want to see now.
that/which
that
that
that
that
that
that
_______
____
___
___
______________
___
.
.
.
.
___
that
.
summary: 只用that的情况：
1.先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰；
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；
3.先行词有人又有物时；
4.Who/Which的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时;
5.先行词被the only/the very修饰时.
只用 which的用法：
eg. (1) Tai Wan is an island __________ belongs to China.
但是：(2) Tai Wan is an island , ______ belongs to China.
that/which
which
用法一：非限制性定语从句（即：逗号把先行词和从句分开）中，不用that;
讨论：是见逗号都用which引导定语从句吗？
eg. The great Chinese scholar Confucious, _____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the development of chopsticks.
I still remember the day, ______ my brother joined the army.
who
when
不是
eg.The city ___________ she lives in is far away.
区别： The city in _______ she lives is far away.
(that/which)
which
.
.
用法二：介词+which(先行词是指物的名词)，
There was no one __________ she could turn to for help.
区别：There was no one to _____ she could turn for help.
(that/whom)
whom
.
.
介词+whom(先行词是指人的名词)
eg.China has a lot of islands, one of which is Tai Wan.
There are lots of students, none of whom like the film.
结论：介词+which/whom 前可以有数词或不定代词.
eg.____ we all know, China is a developing country.
He was admitted into a key university,______ made his parents proud.
as的用法——非限制性定语从句中。as和which的区别：
As
which
结论：1. 意思：as--“正如，正像”；which--“这”.
2.位置：as引导的定从可在主句前，主句后，也可在主句中间；
which引导的定从在主句后.
exercises：
1. I have a computer with _______ I can look for much information.
2. The meeting was put off,_____ was actually what we wanted.
3. I still remember the teacher and his lessons ______ give a most lasting impression.
4. _____ we had expected, he opposed the plan.
5. He mentioned a book, _______ title I've forgotten.
定语从句（三）
---特殊词的用法
Revision: correction
1. Which we all know, smoking is harmful to our health.
2. The professor about that we are talking will give us a lecture
on school graduation.
3. The apartment which Tom lives is just across the street.
4. Which is said above, he has conquered the difficulty.
5. He built a telescope through that he could study the skies.
As
whom
where/in which
As
which
特殊词的用法：
eg. Reading aloud is a good way ____________________(learn) English.
Reading aloud is a good way _____________ we learn English.
to learn/of learning
(that/in which)
一.表示“...的方法/方式”way + to do/ of doing
that/in which/不填+从句
二.situation,case,point等词后的定语从句常用where引导
eg. He has got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
where
三.those充当先行词时，定从多用who引导
eg. Those _______ want to leave can go now.
who
四.定语从句中的易错点：
eg. Jim is a boy who like to play football most.
There are many tasks that has to be finished on time.
likes
have
总结1：定从中的谓语动词要和先行词在人称和数上保持一致；
eg. He has two sons, both of _______ are doctors.
He has two sons, and both of ______ are doctors.
whom
them
.
总结2：定语从句和并列句的区别：
eg. I'm grateful for the life that I have it.
Last week,I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
The film I saw it last night was really very good.
\
\
\
总结3：关系词和代词或时间副词(now/then)/地点副词（here/there）的重复使用：
eg.I still remember the day when rained heavily 10 years ago.
The place where I remember clearly is a peaceful one.
that/which
(that/which)
总结4. 关系代词和关系副词的混用：
eg. Those who in favor of the plan raise your hands.
There were many students took part in the English competition.
are
that/who
总结5. 句子成分残缺：
eg. Tom was one of the students who _______(be) admitted into a key university last year.
Tom was the only one ofthe students who _______ (be) admitted into a key university last year.
were
was
总结6. one of +n.复数做先行词与 the only of +n.复数做先行词的区别：
exercises：correction
1.She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place where used to be a poor area.
2.This is the factory we visited it last year.
3.Some songs remind us the people which we love.
4.Those have work experience can find a job easily.
5.As a child, Jack has studied in a village school, it is named after his grandfather.
1.I am grateful for the life I have it.
2.Politeness, means speaking or acting with love, can
make life beautiful.
3.The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
4.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach that we watched some people play volleyball.
Revision--correction:
\
∧
which
that/which
\
where
定语从句（四）
Teaching aim:
To use Attributive Clauses freely in Writing
Guess: How can we use some Attributive Clauses in
writing?
情景一：有两个涉及同一事物的简单句
1.找出两句中的同一事物；
2.将其中一个词用相应的关系词代替变成从句，去修饰另一个词（从句常紧跟所修饰的词）。
这是一首英文歌曲。我们都很熟悉这首歌。
This is an English song. We are all familiar with it.
This is an English song that/which we are all familiar with it.
\
被关系词替代的词不能再重复出现
Ⅰ:
exercises：
1.我们班是个大家庭。这个大家庭由20个男生和30个女生组成。
2.那个外国人来自美国。他昨天参观了我们班。
Our class is a big family. The family consists of 20 boys and 30 girls.
Our class is a big family, which consists of 20 boys and 30 girls.
The foreigner is from America. He visited our class yesterday.
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from America.
Ⅱ:
我的叔叔李明将要去你居住的城市参加一个会议。
你居住的
My uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend a meeting.
你居住的城市
you live in the city
My uncle Li Ming is going to the city where/in which you live to attend a meeting.
或：My uncle Li Ming is going to the city that/which you live in to attend a meeting.
exercises:
1.那些做普通简单工作的人也在推动着社会的发展。
2.我已经要求他带去你想要的中国画。
Those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society.
I've asked him to bring the Chinese painting (that/which) you want.
情景二：只有一个孤立的简单句
找出简单句中的中心词，用定语从句（非）将其扩展，进行补充说明。
Guess: How can we use some Attributive Clauses in writing?
端午节是中国的传统节日。
节日的目的/节日的时间/节日时的特殊食物。。。
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , which is celebrated to honor our national hero, Qu Yuan.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , which falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , whose special food is called zongzi. ... ...
exercise:
描述你的假期打算（包括兼职，旅游, 志愿者等）
would like to do /prefer to do ...
用定语从句扩展，描述做这些事的好处或原因
I would like to do a part-time job, which will help me earn some money and accumulate work experience.
Travelling is one of my choices, which will enrich my life and broaden my horizon.
... ...
Homework:
1.我有一个朋友，他的爸爸是一名工程师。
2.他们种了一些树，那些树不需要很多水。
3.Kate是一个很容易相处的女孩。
4.开封是一个历史名城。
---基本用法
2019.4.29
eg: He is a boy. He wears a pair of glasses.
?
He is a boy , wears a pairs of glasses.
?
?
He is a boy he wears a pair of glasses.
He is a boy wears a pair of glasses.
或：He is a boy , wears a pair of glasses.
and he
;
that/who
who
先行词
关系词
定语从句：复合句中，一个句子限定修饰主句中的某个名词（n.）,代词（pron.）,或整个主句（非限制性定语从句）的句子。
被修饰的名词，代词或句子叫先行词；引导定语从句的叫关系词。
关系词：关系代词 和 关系副词
eg. He is a boy who/that wears a pair of glasses.
或：He is a boy , who wears a pair of glasses.
讨论：who/that （即：关系词）的作用？
1.代指先行词 boy;(关系词为不是本身意思，而是先行词的意思.)
2.在定语从句中做句子成分.
关系代词：
关系词
that
which
who
whom
whose
as
先行词
指人、物
指物
指人
指人
指人、物
指人、物
在定语从句中做那些句子成分
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语
宾语
定语（whose+n.）
主语、宾语
关系代词做宾语是可以省略.
He is a boy who/that comes from Canada.
He is the boy I‘m looking after.
exercises:
1.Do you know the man __________ is talking to your mother now?
2.The building ________ structure attracts me most is being built.
3.The boy ________ father works abroad is my classmate.
4.A plane is a machine ___________ can fly.
5.The girl __________ I'm looking for is called Mary.
who/that
whose
whose
that/which
(that/whom)
The girl I'm looking for is Mary.
?
summary:
思考：如何判定一个句子是定语从句呢？
1.一个完整的句子（.）包含两个谓语动词可判断有两个句子；
2.其中一个句子位于名词或代词之后且限定修饰那个名词或代词.
He is a boy who/that wears a pair of glasses.
1.确定先行词（指人/指物）；
?2.判定从句缺什么成分（主 语/宾语/状语）
?3.选定关系词.
关系副词：
关系副词 先行词 在定语从句做什么成分
when
where
why
指物的名词
作状语
exercises:
1.I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
2.The reason ____ he refused the invitation was not clear.
3.This the small village ________ he was born.
when
why
where
? on which
? for which
? in which
讨论：当先行词为时间/地点/原因的n.时，定语从句的关系词一定用when/where/why吗？
eg.
1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school.
I still remember the day ______ I spent with you in the village.
2. The reason ______ he refused the invitation was not clear.
The reason ___________ he explained was surprising.
3.This is the small village _______ he was born.
This is the small village __________ he never forgets in his memory.
when
why
where
(that/which)
(that/which)
(that/which)
结论：
定语从句关系词的选择：确定先行词(人/物)?分析定语从句的成分
?缺主语/宾语/（表语)?关系代词（that/which/who/whom/as）
?缺状语?关系副词(when/where/why)
?缺定语（空后为名词）?用 whose
exercises:
1. The person _______ called you yesterday wants to buy the house.
2. Do you know the girl ______ father is a famous doctor?
3. Football is a game _____ is liked by most boys.
4. I can't imagine the reason _____ he turned down my offer.
5. Is this the museum _______ you paid a visit to the other day?
6. I always remember the days _____ I was taken good care of in the hospital.
7. I saw some trees _____ leaves were black with disease.
8.The club ______ I have made several friends was torn down last year.
定语从句（二）
---that/which/as的特殊用法
Revision：
1.The house _______ I would like to buy is not for sale.
2.The thief _______ had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.
3.I know Mary very well _____ mother is a teacher.
4.The office ________ he works is on the third floor.
5.Maybe you have a habit ___ is driving your family crazy.
6. This is the reason ____ Bob gave me for his absence.
7.This is the reason _______ Bob was absent from yesterday's meeting.
eg.They planted the trees __________ didn't need much water.
但: (1). He told me everything ____ he kenw.
(2). All the books ____ you offered have been given
out.
(3). He is the first man _____ has won five golden medals in the Olympic Games.
(4). This is the best film ____ I have ever seen.
(5). We talked about the persons and things _____ we remembered.
(6). Who is the man _____ is making a speech.
（7）He is the only man _______ I want to see now.
that/which
that
that
that
that
that
that
_______
____
___
___
______________
___
.
.
.
.
___
that
.
summary: 只用that的情况：
1.先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰；
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；
3.先行词有人又有物时；
4.Who/Which的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时;
5.先行词被the only/the very修饰时.
只用 which的用法：
eg. (1) Tai Wan is an island __________ belongs to China.
但是：(2) Tai Wan is an island , ______ belongs to China.
that/which
which
用法一：非限制性定语从句（即：逗号把先行词和从句分开）中，不用that;
讨论：是见逗号都用which引导定语从句吗？
eg. The great Chinese scholar Confucious, _____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the development of chopsticks.
I still remember the day, ______ my brother joined the army.
who
when
不是
eg.The city ___________ she lives in is far away.
区别： The city in _______ she lives is far away.
(that/which)
which
.
.
用法二：介词+which(先行词是指物的名词)，
There was no one __________ she could turn to for help.
区别：There was no one to _____ she could turn for help.
(that/whom)
whom
.
.
介词+whom(先行词是指人的名词)
eg.China has a lot of islands, one of which is Tai Wan.
There are lots of students, none of whom like the film.
结论：介词+which/whom 前可以有数词或不定代词.
eg.____ we all know, China is a developing country.
He was admitted into a key university,______ made his parents proud.
as的用法——非限制性定语从句中。as和which的区别：
As
which
结论：1. 意思：as--“正如，正像”；which--“这”.
2.位置：as引导的定从可在主句前，主句后，也可在主句中间；
which引导的定从在主句后.
exercises：
1. I have a computer with _______ I can look for much information.
2. The meeting was put off,_____ was actually what we wanted.
3. I still remember the teacher and his lessons ______ give a most lasting impression.
4. _____ we had expected, he opposed the plan.
5. He mentioned a book, _______ title I've forgotten.
定语从句（三）
---特殊词的用法
Revision: correction
1. Which we all know, smoking is harmful to our health.
2. The professor about that we are talking will give us a lecture
on school graduation.
3. The apartment which Tom lives is just across the street.
4. Which is said above, he has conquered the difficulty.
5. He built a telescope through that he could study the skies.
As
whom
where/in which
As
which
特殊词的用法：
eg. Reading aloud is a good way ____________________(learn) English.
Reading aloud is a good way _____________ we learn English.
to learn/of learning
(that/in which)
一.表示“...的方法/方式”way + to do/ of doing
that/in which/不填+从句
二.situation,case,point等词后的定语从句常用where引导
eg. He has got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
where
三.those充当先行词时，定从多用who引导
eg. Those _______ want to leave can go now.
who
四.定语从句中的易错点：
eg. Jim is a boy who like to play football most.
There are many tasks that has to be finished on time.
likes
have
总结1：定从中的谓语动词要和先行词在人称和数上保持一致；
eg. He has two sons, both of _______ are doctors.
He has two sons, and both of ______ are doctors.
whom
them
.
总结2：定语从句和并列句的区别：
eg. I'm grateful for the life that I have it.
Last week,I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
The film I saw it last night was really very good.
\
\
\
总结3：关系词和代词或时间副词(now/then)/地点副词（here/there）的重复使用：
eg.I still remember the day when rained heavily 10 years ago.
The place where I remember clearly is a peaceful one.
that/which
(that/which)
总结4. 关系代词和关系副词的混用：
eg. Those who in favor of the plan raise your hands.
There were many students took part in the English competition.
are
that/who
总结5. 句子成分残缺：
eg. Tom was one of the students who _______(be) admitted into a key university last year.
Tom was the only one ofthe students who _______ (be) admitted into a key university last year.
were
was
总结6. one of +n.复数做先行词与 the only of +n.复数做先行词的区别：
exercises：correction
1.She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place where used to be a poor area.
2.This is the factory we visited it last year.
3.Some songs remind us the people which we love.
4.Those have work experience can find a job easily.
5.As a child, Jack has studied in a village school, it is named after his grandfather.
1.I am grateful for the life I have it.
2.Politeness, means speaking or acting with love, can
make life beautiful.
3.The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
4.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach that we watched some people play volleyball.
Revision--correction:
\
∧
which
that/which
\
where
定语从句（四）
Teaching aim:
To use Attributive Clauses freely in Writing
Guess: How can we use some Attributive Clauses in
writing?
情景一：有两个涉及同一事物的简单句
1.找出两句中的同一事物；
2.将其中一个词用相应的关系词代替变成从句，去修饰另一个词（从句常紧跟所修饰的词）。
这是一首英文歌曲。我们都很熟悉这首歌。
This is an English song. We are all familiar with it.
This is an English song that/which we are all familiar with it.
\
被关系词替代的词不能再重复出现
Ⅰ:
exercises：
1.我们班是个大家庭。这个大家庭由20个男生和30个女生组成。
2.那个外国人来自美国。他昨天参观了我们班。
Our class is a big family. The family consists of 20 boys and 30 girls.
Our class is a big family, which consists of 20 boys and 30 girls.
The foreigner is from America. He visited our class yesterday.
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from America.
Ⅱ:
我的叔叔李明将要去你居住的城市参加一个会议。
你居住的
My uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend a meeting.
你居住的城市
you live in the city
My uncle Li Ming is going to the city where/in which you live to attend a meeting.
或：My uncle Li Ming is going to the city that/which you live in to attend a meeting.
exercises:
1.那些做普通简单工作的人也在推动着社会的发展。
2.我已经要求他带去你想要的中国画。
Those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society.
I've asked him to bring the Chinese painting (that/which) you want.
情景二：只有一个孤立的简单句
找出简单句中的中心词，用定语从句（非）将其扩展，进行补充说明。
Guess: How can we use some Attributive Clauses in writing?
端午节是中国的传统节日。
节日的目的/节日的时间/节日时的特殊食物。。。
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , which is celebrated to honor our national hero, Qu Yuan.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , which falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese traditional festival , whose special food is called zongzi. ... ...
exercise:
描述你的假期打算（包括兼职，旅游, 志愿者等）
would like to do /prefer to do ...
用定语从句扩展，描述做这些事的好处或原因
I would like to do a part-time job, which will help me earn some money and accumulate work experience.
Travelling is one of my choices, which will enrich my life and broaden my horizon.
... ...
Homework:
1.我有一个朋友，他的爸爸是一名工程师。
2.他们种了一些树，那些树不需要很多水。
3.Kate是一个很容易相处的女孩。
4.开封是一个历史名城。