高中英语译林牛津版模块4Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world Grammar and usage 课件（共69张）

课件69张PPT。Grammar and usageUnit 3 Tomorrow’s worldelectricbuilt-inadj. 电的，电动的adj. 内置的，嵌入式的using electricity for power permanently connected with sth and cannot be easily removed thick, heavy soil that is soft when wet, and hard when dry or baked, used for making bricks and containersclayn. 黏土，陶土a dry mass of very small fine pieces or grains; explosive powder used esp. in bombs or fireworks in the form of a liquid; a substance, such as water, that is not solid or a gas and that can be poured easily liquidadj. & n. 液体（的） powdern. 粉末；火药last but not least最后但同样重要的importantly, despite being mentioned after everyone else vi. 逐渐消失；（使）变淡；走下坡路，衰落accusefadevt. 控诉，控告；谴责to say that someone has done sth. morally wrong, illegal or unkind to disappear gradually; to become or to make sth. become paler or less bright; if a sports player, team, actor, etc. fades, they stop playing or performing as well as they did before accusevt. 控诉，控告；谴责"It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you."
He's been accused of robbery/murder.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The surgeon was accused of negligence (疏忽).她控告他偷她的表。 She accused him of stealing her watch. vi. 逐渐消失；（使）变淡；走下坡路，衰落fadeHopes of a peaceful settlement are now fading.
If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade.
Black faded on the final bend (弯道).The sound of the footsteps faded away. 脚步声渐渐消失了。ObjectivesTo learn the basic forms of the passive voice and some special passive patterns
To learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice
To find out the verbs often used in the passive voice语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。1. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much. (Unit 1, Book 1)
2. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. (Unit 1, Book 1)
3. These feelings can be thought of as growing pains. (Unit 2, Book 1)
4. Justin Foster, a high school student, was last seen Friday night. (Unit 1, Book 2) 5. I went to bed, and was woken up around midnight by a bright light outside my window. (Unit 1, Book 2)
6. Carter’s lucky pet bird,…was swallowed by a snake. (Unit 3, Book 2)
7. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. (Unit 3, Book 2)
8. When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. (Unit 1, Book 3)
9. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! (Unit 3, Book 3) 1. This presentation will give you some information about RealCine: how it works, why it is better than a film, and how it can be used in other ways.
2. To achieve this, special VR headsets are designed to allow the users to see in 3-D and hear the sounds all around them.
3. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network in the VR studio.Observe the sentences on P42-43:4. In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can be a good treatment for people who have social problems.
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR.
6. An argument has been put forward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.
7. However, with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life.8. Besides this, VR can be used to practise skills in a secure environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous.
9. This kind of urban planning is in the long term cheaper and more practical, compared with the way most urban planning is done today.Fill in the blanks.1. Though it did not look very beautiful when it ___________, I still liked it very much.
2. The paintings that David donated to the school _______________ in the exhibition room.
3. These feelings _____________ of as growing pains.
4. Justin Foster, a high school student, ____ last _____ Friday night. was finishedare being showncan be thought was
seengo
Ready?5. I went to bed, and _____________ around midnight by a bright light outside my window.
6. Carter’s lucky pet bird,… ____________ by a snake.
7. When a tomb _________, fresh air disturbs the viruses.
8. When Polly left home that morning, the city ___ already _______ in a grey mist.
9. Unfortunately, all the people _________ alive, and so was the city! was woken upwas swallowedis openedwas coveredwere buriedSentences on P42-43.
This presentation will give you some
information about RealCine: how it works, why it is better than a film, and how it ____________ (use) in other ways.
2. To achieve this, special VR headsets ___ ______(design) to allow the users to see in 3-D and hear the sounds all around them.
3. Both the headsets and the gloves ______ _________ (connect) to a computer network in the VR studio.can be useddesignedareconnectedare4. In scientific studies it ________________
(show) that VR can be a good treatment
for people who have social problems.
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of
talking and playing with his schoolmates
___________ (treat) with VR.
6. An argument ___________________ (put
forward) that some users will be
disappointed by RealCine because VR is
not real. has been shownwas treatedhas been put forward7. However, with VR we are able to do
things that ______ never ______________
(achieve) in real life.
8. Besides this, VR ___________ (use) to
practise skills in a secure environment
that otherwise would be quite dangerous.
9. This kind of urban planning is in the long
term cheaper and more practical,
compared with the way most urban
planning ________ (do) today.could be achievedcan be usedis doneThe man _______ (call) “ A good husband”.is calledFill in the blanks according to the pictures.A frog __________ (catch) by a big bird just now.was caughtAn argument _____ already ________
________ (put forward). has been put forwardThe pet dog _______________ (treat) by a vet. is being treated以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。语态 (Voice) 是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态 (Passive Voice) 表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + V-ed形式。
由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。The passive voicePoint out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences.We kept food in the fridge.We close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.The windows and the door are closed.How can we change a sentence into passive voice?Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence
and use the related form of its
passive.3. If necessary, use “by” to join the
former subject, which should be
put into its object form.When do we use the passive voice?Many houses will be built here.1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。The song was composed by a young worker.2. 说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴
趣(这时可用by引导出动作的执行者)。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。You are requested to attend the meeting.4. 出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。be+ done am/is/are
一般现在时 am/is/are+being
现在进行时shall/will+be
一般将来时have/has+been
现在完成时be+ done was/were
一般过去时 was/were+being
过去进行时would+be
过去将来时had+been
过去完成时被动语态的各种句型1. 单宾语结构。Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.2. 双宾语结构。We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes.People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes.Some food and clothes were offered to the people in the flooded areas.give, offer, send, tell, show等可接双宾语的动词变被动语态时，通常我们用sb作主语，但有时也可以用sth作主语。3. 复合宾语结构。They heard someone singing in the next 　room.objectobject complementSomeone was heard singing in the next room.在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 但在被动语态中，要改为带to的不定式作主语补足语。如: see/hear/make sb. do sth.
Sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.They saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有
被动语态。 如: look after, give up,
take care of, pay attention to, make
use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。The children are taken good care of.The big fire has been put out.孩子们得到了很好的照顾。大火已经扑灭了。4. 短语动词结构。特别注意只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有
被动语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。如：happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。Correct mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet. belongs tosounds2. 有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示
被动意义，如：open, write, read,
sell, wash, measure等。Your article reads well.This type of car sells well in China.This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.It is said that …
It is reported that …
It is hoped that …
It is well known that …
It is believed that …
It was once thought that …
It must be pointed out that …3. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如：It is reported that another man-made satellite
will be sent up into space next month.Another man-made satellite is reported to be
sent up into space next month. 据报道，下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发射。The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned.It is believed that the three missing sailors
have drowned.人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了。Change the following sentences into the passive voice.1. All of us like her.2. We are discussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.The question is being discussed.The meeting has been put off.My picture will be developed next week.We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.Modal verbs and the passive voiceModal verb + be + done1. The user must wear special gloves.Special gloves must be worn.2. The user can touch the objects in the film.The objects in the film can be touched.3. Teachers could use RealCine in the
classroom too.RealCine could be used in the classroom too.4. The user may feel a real sense of
achievement and happiness.5. RealCine might not attract some users.A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.Some users might not be attracted by RealCine.6. Scientists ought to develop RealCine
further.RealCine ought to be developed further.Some verbs are often used in the passive voice and fun_ction like adjectives. The children are _______ (excite) about the coming holiday.
All of us were very __________ (disappoint) last Saturday for our team lost the game.
Both of them are ________ (satisfy) with my arrangement.Verbs often used in the passive voiceexciteddisappointedsatisfiedbe bored/born/disappointed/puzzled/ excited/pleased/surprised/tired + (adv) …被动语态与系表结构被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，v+ed表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。The long novel was written by Lu Xun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written, isn’t it?The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it?被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构1. — Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. — ______ from here?
A. Can it see B. Can it be seen
C. Can be seen it D. Can see
答案 B。Town Hall (市政厅) 应当是
被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因
这是一个问句，故选B。 Exercise2. — The ceremony has already started.
— Look! The flag is ______ now.
A. being raised??????? B. risen
C. being rose???? ????? D. raising
答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动
形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举
起，升起。后要接宾语，故D不适
用。 being raised正在被升起，正符
合题意。3. The assassination?attempt ______
millions, because the speech was on
television.
A. was seen by B. was saw by
C. seen by? D. was seen for
答案 A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。 4. The things talked about in this report
______ over a?year ago.?
A. had taken place????
B. took place
C. have taken place???
D. were taken place
答案 B。发生(take place, occur,
happen)均为不及物动词(词组)，没有
被动语态。 5. The Anti-Japanese War ___?in 1937
and it _____?eight years.
A. was broken out; lasted
B. broke out; lasted
C. break out; lasts
D. broke out; was lasted
答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。6. Come and sit down by the fire. Your
hand ______.
A. feels so cold???? B. is felt so coldly
C. feels so coldly????D. feel so cold
答案 A。 feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem, sound, look等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。7. I need one more stamp before my
collection?______.
A. has completed??????????
B. completes
C. has been completed??????? D. is completed
答案 D。before引导的时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，而collection与complete之间为被动关系。
我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。8. In some parts of the world, tea ___
with milk and sugar.
A. is serving???????? B. is served
C. serves?????????????? D. served
答案 B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或“送上”，此处应用被动语态。
在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。9. If city noises ___ from increasing, people
___?shout to be heard even at the dinner
table 20 years?from now.
A. are not kept; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. do not keep; have to
答案 A。If从句中，“噪声被加以控制”需
用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句中时间
状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来
时表示，所以答案为A。10. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ____.?
A. will be taken????B. are taken
C. were taken???????D. had been taken
答案 B。主句中为一般将来时，unless 引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，而“措施”应该是“被采取”，用被动语态。
如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。Time for reflectionare/is doneam/is/are being donehas/have been donebe going to/will be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been done1. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close. (2014大纲)
A. was found B. finds
C. is found D. found
2. We won’t start the work until all the preparations _____. (2014天津)
A. are being made
B. will be made
C. have been made
D. had been madeQuiz I: Choose the best answer. 3. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____. (2012四川)
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
4. Is honesty the best policy? We _____ that it is when we are little.(2012上海)
A. will teach B. teach
C. are taught D. will be taught5. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life. (2012湖南)
A. will be repaid B. was being repaid
C. has been repaid D. was repaid
6. — Have you heard about that fire in the market? (2012北京)
— Yes, fortunately no one _____.
A. hurt B. was hurt
C. has hurt D. had been hurt7. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _____ into at least ten different films over the past years. (2013北京)
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
8. — So what is the procedure? (2013北京)
— All the applicants ____ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed
D. are being interviewed9. If nothing ____, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. (2013湖南)
A. does B. had been done
C. will do D. is done
10. We are confident that the environment ___ by our further efforts to reduce pollution. (2013辽宁)
A. had been improved
B. will be improved
C. is improved
D. was improvedQuiz II: Fill in the blanks with the right
form of the words given.I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.
English __________ (find) very useful.
3. The work ______________ (finish)
tomorrow.
4. The flowers _______________ (water) by them now.was given is foundwill be finished are being watered5. The railway ______________ (build)
this time last year.
6. The railway ____ already _________
(build).
7. The new railway ____________ (build)
by the end of last year.
8. He told me the sports meeting
_____________ (hold) the next month.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the
States.was being builthas been builthad been builtwould be held is grownQuiz III: Complete this radio news
report using the Passive form
of the verbs in brackets.Good afternoon. The lunch-time news today (1) ___________ (report) by John Howard. The Prime Minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where he
(2) _____________ (welcome) by the children and their teachers. He opened a new sports centre that (3) ____________is reported was welcomedis being built (build) with money raised by the parents and teachers. Half of the money (4) _____ __________ (spend) on building the playground. Another ￡20,000 (5) ________ (need) to finish the swimming pool so more money raising activities (6) _______________ (organize) in the following months. is needed will be organized been spenthas 禁止吸烟。
_______________________
2. The house _______________ (正在上油
漆).
3. The flames _____________ (能看到)
several miles away.Smoking is not permitted.is being paintedQuiz IV: Translation.could be seen4. 乔治被选为班长而非亨利。 John __________ president of the class instead of Harry. 5. 核能已被我们用来发电。 Nuclear energy _____________________ _________ by us. 6. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 By last December three ships ________
____________. was electedhas been used to produceelectricityhad beenbuilt by themFinish the exercises on pages 49, 50, and 51.
Finish Part C1 and Part C2 on page 108.Homework