专题十五 主谓一致的三大原则
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、主谓一致的语法一致原则2、主谓一致的整体一致原则3、主谓一致的就近一致原则4、主谓一致的意义一致原则5、主谓一致的附加原则
高频考点一：语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式?
高频考点二：意义一致 原则指主语形式上为单数．但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数．但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式
高频考点三：就近原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语
高频考点四：就远原则 即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：语法一致的原则
(1)当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“名词+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名词”作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与第一个名词保持一致。
核心题根1 —How many people are there in your group?
【典例1】—Four. Three boys in our group this time.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
思路点拨:此题主语three boys为复数，时间为现在，故be动词应为现在时的复数形式
【典例2】1 Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【易错警示】
如果主语由“a number of+复数名词”构成，谓语动词要用复数形式，意思为“许多的……”;而“the number of斗复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，意思为“……的数量”。
A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我们学校有许多学生要去游览长城。
The number of our school students is about 1,000.我们学校的学生人数大约为一千人。
高频考点剖析二：就近一致的原则
就近一致的原则是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。具体情况见下表:
【典例3】 Neither the headmaster nor the teachers take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to C. was going to D. are going to
【思路点拨】此题考查主谓一致，由neither .., nor…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与nor后的主语的数保持一致，the teachers为复数，谓语动词应用相应形式，又时间为next week，故用一般将来时，可知答案。
【典例4】 —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice OK. I don't mind.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
【方法技巧】
(1)熟记就近原则这一语法点的常见结构。
(2)明确各类主语的单、复数。
高频考点剖析三：意义一致的原则
意义一致是指句中谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义为单数还是复数，主语意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语意义为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
【典例5】(1)①Can you make it cheaper? Ten dollars (be) too dear.
② Twenty years (be) not a long time.
【思路点拨】“ten dollars”和“twenty years”在形式上是复数，但是作为价格或者时间时是一个整体，意义上是单数，其后的谓语也用单数。
【典例】(2)My family a big family. My family watching TV.(be)
【思路点拨】①family是集合名词，意为“家庭”时是一个整体，视为单数;意为“家庭成员”时是集合名词，视为复数。②句意:我的家是个大家庭。我们一家人正在看电视。
【典例】(3) All of the work been finished. All of the people gone. (have)
【思路点拨】考查不定代词all作主语。句意:所有的工作已经被做完了。所有的人都走了。在前一句中，all代表不可数名词the work，故其后的谓语动词用单数;在后一句中，all代表the people，是集合名词，为复数，其后的谓语用复数。
【典例】(4)Who your brother? Who league members? (be)
【思路点拨】考查疑问代词作主语时的主谓一致，who既可以指代单数也可以指代复数。“your brother”是单数，句意为“谁是你的哥哥”，在第二句中who是复数，指代league members。
【典例】(5)I have read a large part of the book，the rest (be ) more difficult.
Only ten students attented the class because the rest (be) off sick.
【思路点拨】the rest意为“其余的人或事”，既可指代单数意义，也可指代复数的人或事，取决于具体的语境。根据句意“这本书我已经看了大部分，其余的部分更难了”，可知“剩下的部分(the rest)”是单数;而后面一句中的the rest指“十个之外的所有学生”，表示复数意义。
【典例】(6)The dead a famous person.(be)
The poor very happy，but the rich sad.(be)
【思路点拨】考查“the+形容词”指代人时单复数的问题。①句意:死的那个人(the dead，指代某一个人)是个名人。穷人们(the poor，泛指一类人)很开心，但富人们(the rich指一类人)却很难过。②“the+形容词”指具体某个人(或物)时是单数，泛指某类人或物时是复数。
知识归纳
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时:作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数;指其中每个成员，用复数。
(3)由不定代词all, most, some, any, none等作主语时:代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数;代词代表复数可数名词，谓语用复数。
(4)疑问代词作主语时:主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。
(5) half , the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时:主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。
(6)以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语时:指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语用单数;指的是一类人，谓语用复数。
【方法技巧】
(1)熟记常见的意义一致的主语常见结构。
(2)分析主语的重心所在，即主语中的中心词。
(3)关注集体名词所表达的不同意义，从而确定其数。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018·湘潭29.) a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are B. There be C. There is
( )2. (2018·新疆27.) Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is. D. are
( )3. (2018·达州30.)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？
—It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).
A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows
( )4. (2018·江苏苏州9.) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie.
—Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name.
A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. No one in the school but Tom and I that the music festival-Wake Up is
going to be held next Sunday.
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
( )2.Tom together with his two sisters， .
A. has seated B. has been seated C. have seated D. have been seated
( )3.—Has Donnie finished reading the novel?一Not yet. There still of it left.
A. is; three fourths B. are; three fourth C. is; third fourths D. are; three fourths
( )4. There a number of animals in the zoo. The number of them two thousand.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
( )5. E-mail, as well as telephones， an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
( )6. Each boy and each girl a new English-Chinese dictionary. What they need doctors and medicines.
A. have; is B. has; is C. need; is D. need; are
( )7. She is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying D. are paid well
( )8. What I say and think nothing to do.' with you.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
( )9. All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
( )10. The basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
( )11. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved forother purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )12. One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
( )13. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
14. Such poets as Shakespeare(莎士比亚) widely read，of whose works，however, some difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
( )15. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
( )16. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
( )17. The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
专题十五 主谓一致的三大原则
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、主谓一致的语法一致原则2、主谓一致的整体一致原则3、主谓一致的就近一致原则4、主谓一致的意义一致原则5、主谓一致的附加原则
高频考点一：语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式?
高频考点二：意义一致 原则指主语形式上为单数．但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数．但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式
高频考点三：就近原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语
高频考点四：就远原则 即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：语法一致的原则
(1)当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“名词+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名词”作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与第一个名词保持一致。
核心题根1 —How many people are there in your group?
【典例1】—Four. Three boys in our group this time.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
思路点拨:此题主语three boys为复数，时间为现在，故be动词应为现在时的复数形式
【典例2】1 Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【易错警示】
如果主语由“a number of+复数名词”构成，谓语动词要用复数形式，意思为“许多的……”;而“the number of斗复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，意思为“……的数量”。
A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我们学校有许多学生要去游览长城。
The number of our school students is about 1,000.我们学校的学生人数大约为一千人。
高频考点剖析二：就近一致的原则
就近一致的原则是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。具体情况见下表:
【典例3】 Neither the headmaster nor the teachers take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to C. was going to D. are going to
【思路点拨】此题考查主谓一致，由neither .., nor…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与nor后的主语的数保持一致，the teachers为复数，谓语动词应用相应形式，又时间为next week，故用一般将来时，可知答案。
【典例4】 —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice OK. I don't mind.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
【方法技巧】
(1)熟记就近原则这一语法点的常见结构。
(2)明确各类主语的单、复数。
高频考点剖析三：意义一致的原则
意义一致是指句中谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义为单数还是复数，主语意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语意义为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
【典例5】(1)①Can you make it cheaper? Ten dollars (be) too dear.
② Twenty years (be) not a long time.
【思路点拨】“ten dollars”和“twenty years”在形式上是复数，但是作为价格或者时间时是一个整体，意义上是单数，其后的谓语也用单数。
【典例】(2)My family a big family. My family watching TV.(be)
【思路点拨】①family是集合名词，意为“家庭”时是一个整体，视为单数;意为“家庭成员”时是集合名词，视为复数。②句意:我的家是个大家庭。我们一家人正在看电视。
【典例】(3) All of the work been finished. All of the people gone. (have)
【思路点拨】考查不定代词all作主语。句意:所有的工作已经被做完了。所有的人都走了。在前一句中，all代表不可数名词the work，故其后的谓语动词用单数;在后一句中，all代表the people，是集合名词，为复数，其后的谓语用复数。
【典例】(4)Who your brother? Who league members? (be)
【思路点拨】考查疑问代词作主语时的主谓一致，who既可以指代单数也可以指代复数。“your brother”是单数，句意为“谁是你的哥哥”，在第二句中who是复数，指代league members。
【典例】(5)I have read a large part of the book，the rest (be ) more difficult.
Only ten students attented the class because the rest (be) off sick.
【思路点拨】the rest意为“其余的人或事”，既可指代单数意义，也可指代复数的人或事，取决于具体的语境。根据句意“这本书我已经看了大部分，其余的部分更难了”，可知“剩下的部分(the rest)”是单数;而后面一句中的the rest指“十个之外的所有学生”，表示复数意义。
【典例】(6)The dead a famous person.(be)
The poor very happy，but the rich sad.(be)
【思路点拨】考查“the+形容词”指代人时单复数的问题。①句意:死的那个人(the dead，指代某一个人)是个名人。穷人们(the poor，泛指一类人)很开心，但富人们(the rich指一类人)却很难过。②“the+形容词”指具体某个人(或物)时是单数，泛指某类人或物时是复数。
知识归纳
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时:作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数;指其中每个成员，用复数。
(3)由不定代词all, most, some, any, none等作主语时:代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数;代词代表复数可数名词，谓语用复数。
(4)疑问代词作主语时:主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。
(5) half , the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时:主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。
(6)以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语时:指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语用单数;指的是一类人，谓语用复数。
【方法技巧】
(1)熟记常见的意义一致的主语常见结构。
(2)分析主语的重心所在，即主语中的中心词。
(3)关注集体名词所表达的不同意义，从而确定其数。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018·湘潭29.) a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are B. There be C. There is
【解析】考查there be句型。句意：在我的课桌上有一个钟表。它每天把我叫醒。“there be……”表“有……”；后面的名词为单数或不可数名词用is；若为复数则用are。该句中的a clock为单数，故选C。
【答案】C
( )2. (2018·新疆27.) Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is. D. are
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：Mike和我都在为新的高中生活而准备。both… and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选D。
【答案】D
( )3. (2018·达州30.)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？
—It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).
A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows
【解析】
考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：——你看过《人民的名义》这部电视剧吗？——它反映了我们党努力反对腐败，是一部最受欢迎的电视剧。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格前play为物，关系代词应用that/which，故排除A、D项，且play为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选C。
【答案】C
( )4. (2018·江苏苏州9.) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie.
—Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name.
A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered
【解析】
考查固定搭配。句意：——我是黛西，不是杰西。——对不起，我很难记住人的名字。have difficulty（in）doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配。故选A
【答案】A
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. No one in the school but Tom and I that the music festival-Wake Up is
going to be held next Sunday.
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
( )2.Tom together with his two sisters， .
A. has seated B. has been seated C. have seated D. have been seated
( )3.—Has Donnie finished reading the novel?一Not yet. There still of it left.
A. is; three fourths B. are; three fourth C. is; third fourths D. are; three fourths
( )4. There a number of animals in the zoo. The number of them two thousand.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
( )5. E-mail, as well as telephones， an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
( )6. Each boy and each girl a new English-Chinese dictionary. What they need doctors and medicines.
A. have; is B. has; is C. need; is D. need; are
( )7. She is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying D. are paid well
( )8. What I say and think nothing to do.' with you.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
( )9. All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
( )10. The basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
( )11. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved forother purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )12. One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
( )13. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
14. Such poets as Shakespeare(莎士比亚) widely read，of whose works，however, some difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
( )15. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
( )16. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
( )17. The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly
published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
1-10 ABABABBBDB 11-17 DACADBD
