专题二十 定语从句的易考点
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，定语从句为中考的高频考点，在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查，且均考查定语从句的关系词。所考查关系词包括：that、which、who、 whose、 where。考生在解答此类试题时，要分析语境判断关系词.
①that作主语、宾语，先行词是人或物。
②which作主语、宾语，先行词是物。
③who作主语、宾语/whom作宾语，先行词是人。
④whose作定语，先行词是人或物。
⑤只能使用that的特殊情况。
高频考点一：定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
高频考点二：关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
高频考点三：具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1.先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
2.只用that，不用which的情况。
3. 只用which，不用that的情况。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词who /that , whom /that和whose的用法
在定语从句中作主语时，用who /that，不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom /who /that，可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，相当于of whom，不可省略。
【典例】①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well known.(这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。)
【典例】② She is the woman lives next door.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
【典例】③That is the boy I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
【思路点拨】:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分)，再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词whose在从句中作定语，相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
【方法技巧】作为关系代词，that用法灵活，既可以替代指人的先行词，也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词，也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时，注意谓语动词既可能是单数，也可能是复数。
高频考点剖析二：that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下，先行词指人时，只能用who引导，不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中，先行词指人时，多用who。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人，且作主语时用who。
2.下列情况下，先行词指物，只能用which引导，不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
(2)先行词本身就是that时，只用which，不用that。
3.下列情况下，先行词指物或指人时，只能用that引导，不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
【典例】①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those have good manners.
【典例】②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.
【思路点拨】:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时，关系代词用who; there be句型中先行词指人时，关系代词也用who 。
【思路点拨】:①牢记这些使用关系代词的规则，复杂的定语从句就简单了。
②当先行词在从句中作主语时，注意主谓要一致。
知识归纳
指人的不定代词有:one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all nobody, anybody, none等。
易错警示
在有固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分离，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:(误)This is the book for which I'm looking.
高频考点剖析三：关系副词的用法
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when =表时间的介词(如:in, at, on, during等)+which ; where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which。
(2) where /when=介词+关系代词(which )。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where /when前加介词from或to等。
【典例】(1)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
【典例】(2)我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I'll never forget the days I spent in Beijing.
【思路点拨】:(1)先行词是the day，将它代入定语从句中是:I first came to Beijing on the day. the day在从句中作时间状语，关系词应为表示时间的关系副词when, when=on which。
(2)先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
(3)先行词为the office，在从句中作地点状语，即he works in the office，所以office后要用表示地点的关系副词where ( = in which ) 。
(4) the reason在定语从句中作原因状语，即he is absent for the reason，关系词要用表示原因的关系副词why(=for which) 。
(5)先行词是the birthplace，在从句中作地点状语，由于它和关系词被of kites分割开了，为了表达清楚需要在关系副词前加介词from。
【典例】(1) Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts?
A. which B. them C. that D. whom
【典例】(2) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
在(1),(2)题中先行词同为表示时间的名词the day，但是由于它们在从句中所承担的句子成分不同，所以关系词也不同。
【方法技巧】
首先分清主句和从句。再确定从句中的先行词。其次是把先行词代回定语从句中去看它在从句中充当什么句子成分。最后根据先行词在从句中的作用确定关系词。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018河南)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience ________ people cannot get at home.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
( )2. (2018广东)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ________ comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
( )3. (2018南宁)I don't like the people ________ don't help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
( )4. (2018兰州)This is one of the most interesting cities ________ I have ever visited.
A. who B. that C. which D. where
( )5. (2018青海)QQ is a tool ________ is mainly used for people to talk to others online.
which B. who C. where
( )6. (2018呼和浩特)Being blind is something ________ most people can't imagine.
A. 不填 B. what C. who D. which
( )7. (2018临沂)Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China. Tu Youyou is the woman________ used the plant's special power to save millions of lives.
A. which B. who C. whose D. /
( )8. (2018滨州)—Which song do you like better, Maria?
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ________ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where
( )9. (2018天水)My grandparents still live in that old village ________ the local government has decided to keep.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
( )10. (2018十堰)Shiyan is one of the best places ________ people would like to visit.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
( )11. (2018玉林)—What kind of TV show do you prefer?
—I like the ones ________ make me laugh.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
( )12. (2018绵阳)I prefer movies ________ me something to think about.
which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having
heart disease than those don't.
A. who;不填 B.不填;who C. who; who D.不填;不填
( )2. Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
( )3.一Do you have anything to say for yourselves? 一Yes .there's one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D./
( )4. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
( )5. The air quality in the city is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
( )6. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
( )7. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people，many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
( )8. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
( )9. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
( )10. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
( )11. I'll never forget the days I worked hard at my lessons in Senior Three，changed my whole life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; when D. when; that
( )12. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. about whom
( )13. wins the game on Sunday will get a big prize.
A. No matter who B. Who C. Whoever D. Whom
( )14.—Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report.
—Not yet. I'll search for some on the Internet.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
( )15. Is this the watch ?
A. for which he is looking B. for that he is looking
C. what he is looking for D. for what he is looking for
( )16.—Do you know something about him?
一Yep. When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich，Switzerland， he studied math and physics.
A. which B. when C. there D. where
专题二十 定语从句的易考点
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，定语从句为中考的高频考点，在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查，且均考查定语从句的关系词。所考查关系词包括：that、which、who、 whose、 where。考生在解答此类试题时，要分析语境判断关系词.
①that作主语、宾语，先行词是人或物。
②which作主语、宾语，先行词是物。
③who作主语、宾语/whom作宾语，先行词是人。
④whose作定语，先行词是人或物。
⑤只能使用that的特殊情况。
高频考点一：定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
高频考点二：关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
高频考点三：具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1.先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
2.只用that，不用which的情况。
3. 只用which，不用that的情况。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词who /that , whom /that和whose的用法
在定语从句中作主语时，用who /that，不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom /who /that，可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，相当于of whom，不可省略。
【典例】①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well known.(这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。)
【典例】② She is the woman lives next door.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
【典例】③That is the boy I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
【思路点拨】:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分)，再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词whose在从句中作定语，相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
【方法技巧】作为关系代词，that用法灵活，既可以替代指人的先行词，也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词，也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时，注意谓语动词既可能是单数，也可能是复数。
高频考点剖析二：that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下，先行词指人时，只能用who引导，不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中，先行词指人时，多用who。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人，且作主语时用who。
2.下列情况下，先行词指物，只能用which引导，不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
(2)先行词本身就是that时，只用which，不用that。
3.下列情况下，先行词指物或指人时，只能用that引导，不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
【典例】①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those have good manners.
【典例】②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.
【思路点拨】:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时，关系代词用who; there be句型中先行词指人时，关系代词也用who 。
【思路点拨】:①牢记这些使用关系代词的规则，复杂的定语从句就简单了。
②当先行词在从句中作主语时，注意主谓要一致。
知识归纳
指人的不定代词有:one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all nobody, anybody, none等。
易错警示
在有固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分离，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:(误)This is the book for which I'm looking.
高频考点剖析三：关系副词的用法
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when =表时间的介词(如:in, at, on, during等)+which ; where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which。
(2) where /when=介词+关系代词(which )。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where /when前加介词from或to等。
【典例】(1)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
【典例】(2)我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I'll never forget the days I spent in Beijing.
【思路点拨】:(1)先行词是the day，将它代入定语从句中是:I first came to Beijing on the day. the day在从句中作时间状语，关系词应为表示时间的关系副词when, when=on which。
(2)先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
(3)先行词为the office，在从句中作地点状语，即he works in the office，所以office后要用表示地点的关系副词where ( = in which ) 。
(4) the reason在定语从句中作原因状语，即he is absent for the reason，关系词要用表示原因的关系副词why(=for which) 。
(5)先行词是the birthplace，在从句中作地点状语，由于它和关系词被of kites分割开了，为了表达清楚需要在关系副词前加介词from。
【典例】(1) Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts?
A. which B. them C. that D. whom
【典例】(2) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
在(1),(2)题中先行词同为表示时间的名词the day，但是由于它们在从句中所承担的句子成分不同，所以关系词也不同。
【方法技巧】
首先分清主句和从句。再确定从句中的先行词。其次是把先行词代回定语从句中去看它在从句中充当什么句子成分。最后根据先行词在从句中的作用确定关系词。
考点过关☆专项突破
( )1. (2018河南)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience ________ people cannot get at home.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：如果剧院可以给人们提供在家里得不到的观影体验，或许他们会有更好的未来。先行词为a movie experience，指“物”，关系代词用which或that。故选A。
【答案】
( )2. (2018广东)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ________ comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：在过去的10年里，我们的城市发生了很大的变化。映入眼帘的一切对于我都是新的。 先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词只能用that。故选A。
【答案】A
( )3. (2018南宁)I don't like the people ________ don't help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢那些当人处于困境时不帮助他人的人。修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，用who引导，故选A。
【答案】A
( )4. (2018兰州)This is one of the most interesting cities ________ I have ever visited.
A. who B. that C. which D. where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我参观过的最有趣的城市之一。先行词为物，排除A、D 项；因为前面有最高级修饰所以只能用that。故选B。
【答案】B
( )5. (2018青海)QQ is a tool ________ is mainly used for people to talk to others online.
which B. who C. where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：QQ是一种主要被人们用于和其他人在线交谈的工具。先行词是tool，关系代词用which。故选A。
【答案】A
( )6. (2018呼和浩特)Being blind is something ________ most people can't imagine.
A. 不填 B. what C. who D. which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：看不见是大多数人无法想象的。先行词是不定代词something，应用that引导，又因其在从句中作宾语，可省略。故选A。
【答案】A
( )7. (2018临沂)Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China. Tu Youyou is the woman________ used the plant's special power to save millions of lives.
A. which B. who C. whose D. /
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国，青蒿是一种普通的植物。屠呦呦是使用这种植物的特殊功效来拯救数以百万计人生命的那位女士。分析句子结构可知，第二句是定语从句，缺少关系词作从句的主语。根据空格前先行词“the woman”可知选B。
【答案】B
( )8. (2018滨州)—Which song do you like better, Maria?
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ________ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where
【解析】考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意“玛丽亚，你比较喜欢哪首歌？”“我更喜欢TFBOYS唱的《青春修炼手册》。”先行词是Manual of Youth，指物，且在从句中作主语，故选A。
【答案】A
( )9. (2018天水)My grandparents still live in that old village ________ the local government has decided to keep.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我的祖父母依然居住在那个当地政府已经决定把它留下来的古老的村庄里。先行词为village，且从句中keep后缺少宾语，故空格处需要有关系代词指物，故用which。故选A。
【答案】
( )10. (2018十堰)Shiyan is one of the best places ________ people would like to visit.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：十堰是人们想要游览的最好的地方之一。先行词被形容词最高级修饰时要用that，故选A。
【答案】A
( )11. (2018玉林)—What kind of TV show do you prefer?
—I like the ones ________ make me laugh.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意“你更喜欢哪种电视节目？”“我喜欢让我笑的节目。”句子中的先行词为the ones, 引导定语从句要用关系代词that。故选C。
【答案】C
( )12. (2018绵阳)I prefer movies ________ me something to think about.
which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：我比较喜欢引人深思的电影。先行词为movies，故关系代词应为that或which，所以排除D；先行词movies为复数形式，所以从句中后面的谓语动词也应用复数形式，故选C。
【答案】C
考点延伸☆强化训练
( )1. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having
heart disease than those don't.
A. who;不填 B.不填;who C. who; who D.不填;不填
( )2. Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
( )3.一Do you have anything to say for yourselves? 一Yes .there's one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D./
( )4. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
( )5. The air quality in the city is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
( )6. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
( )7. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people，many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
( )8. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
( )9. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
( )10. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
( )11. I'll never forget the days I worked hard at my lessons in Senior Three，changed my whole life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; when D. when; that
( )12. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. about whom
( )13. wins the game on Sunday will get a big prize.
A. No matter who B. Who C. Whoever D. Whom
( )14.—Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report.
—Not yet. I'll search for some on the Internet.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
( )15. Is this the watch ?
A. for which he is looking B. for that he is looking
C. what he is looking for D. for what he is looking for
( )16.—Do you know something about him?
一Yep. When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich，Switzerland， he studied math and physics.
A. which B. when C. there D. where
1-10 CCDDCDAAAD 11-16 BDCAAD
