专题三 阅读理解题解题技巧
初中英语阅读理解题是考查学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在各地中考英语试卷中均占较大比重（通常占总分的20%左右）。英语阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。根据部颁英语新课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。其中英语阅读理解需达到以下目标要求：??
??1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；????
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；??
??3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；????
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；??
??5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；????
6、能利用字典等工具进行学习；??
7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
一、阅读理解题的命题类型及特征
【主旨大意题】
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：
①概括全段思想。
②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：
①The main idea of this text may be…….
②This passage is mainly about…….
③The author's purpose in writing this text…….
④Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
⑤ What's the topic of the text?
⑥The passage gives us is…...
【典例】The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.
A. to introduce a food guide to the world
B. to provide us with knowledge of six food groups
C. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy life
D. to find the main cause of some serious diseases
答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响，而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等，因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，选择其它的选项。
【推断题】
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。
应特别注意以下特征：
①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；
②推理的根据来自于上下文；
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；
④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推断题常有的命题形式：
① It can be known from the text that ….
② ?From the text we know that ….
③ The story implies that ….
④ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
⑤ The writer suggests that….
【典例】It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____.
A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ words
B.students should not listen to music before exams
C.you have some good reasons to exercise to music
D.music might help you to get higher grades in tests
根据文中：A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知，科学家研究发现，凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D.
【事实细节题】
首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案.另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
【典例】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. More and more people have good eating habits now.
B. Parents'eating habits are important to their children.
C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young.
D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live.
这道题答案为B。文中：When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子，因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。
【猜测词义题】
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
【典例】第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.
A. impress? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. improve? C. provide? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. produce
此题答案为B,由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意
【典例】第二题： “Flattened wheat” means _______ .
A. broken wheat ? ? ? ? B. lying wheat C. harvested wheat ? ?D. growing wheat
此题答案为B,此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。?
针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文→段落→词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：
【推理判断题】
此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
此类试题中常含有“可能、也许”等词汇，如probably, might, possible, may等。具体设问形式如下：
(1)感受类
How did the writer/sb. feel when ...
(2)出处类
①In which part of the newspaper can you normally read this passage？
②You/We can probably read the article/passage in...
③This piece of passage may appear/be from..
(3)看法类
①What do you think of sb./sth.？/How do you like sb./sth.？
②It's clear that...
(4)判断正误类
Which is (NOT) TRUE according to the passage？
(5)其他类
①From the passage, we know/learn/see that...
②According to the passage, sb.... (2018三州联考59题)
③Which of the following sentence best describes...?
④Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph?
【逻辑推论题】
(1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例剖析】Pituco is a special dog from Brazil. Why do I say so? Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pituco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular.“Everybody knows Pituco，”says the animal doctor of the shop. “Sometimes, when he can’t reach what he wants, he barks(吠叫) until we hand it to him.” 60. From the passage, we learn that Pituco is a _____ dog.
A. quiet B. strong C. clever D. brave
【点拨】根据文章介绍Pituco可以自己购物的事实可知，他应该是非常聪明的，由此锁定正确答案C。
根据作者的思想倾向和感彩判断观点态度,所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例剖析】 She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There was a large round object on her desk. It was black. But when she asked the boy, he answered, “White.”I couldn’t believe it! Another argument started, this time about the color of the object.
62. How did the writer feel when the boy said the object was white?
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Happy. D. Angry.
【点拨】通过“I couldn't believe it！”推断出作者是“惊奇的surprised”。
(3)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等，广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。
【数字计算题】
此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下：
1. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。
【典例剖析】 I have been a taxi driver for over ten years. It’s a good job most of the time. I meet a lot of people. I always work at night because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London. I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.
45. How long did the driver work every day?
A. Eight and a half hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours. D. Eight and half an hour.
【点拨】根据最后一句“I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.”可知作者在下午五点半上班，凌晨两点下班。据此计算得出作者的工作时长为八个半小时。由此得出正确答案是A。词/句义猜测此类题的目的在于检测学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的理解能力。
【词/句义猜测题】
类型主要有三种：熟词新义。要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思；
2. 生词释义。要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义；
3. 难句释义。要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
解答此类题，考生可以参考以下解题技巧：
(1)、根据上下文语境猜测词/句义。
有些单词或句子不能直接猜测出其意思，但可以根据上下文的提示来进行推测。
【典例剖析】 Street performers(表演者) used to be street musicians(音乐人) before. The history of street musicians can go back to the Middle Ages(中世纪) in Europe. They were called “troubadours” then. Nowadays, street performers are not only musicians. They can be actors, clowns, dancers,storytellers and so on. Most people call street performers “buskers” now.People often come across buskers on busy shopping streets and near parks and watch their shows. In return, they give the buskers some money before they move on.
48. What does the underlined word “return” (Paragraph 1)mean in Chinese?
A. 交换 B. 返程 C. 交流 D. 讨论
【点拨】根据第一段倒数第二句并结合划线单词所在的句子可知，街头艺人表演，观众作为交换，给他们一些钱，由此得出正确答案是A。
(2)、通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)及举例来猜测词义。
定义或解释形式多样，常由is, that is(to say)，in other words, call, mean, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的词，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
另外，恰当的举例也能够提供猜测生词词义的重要线索。
【典例剖析】 The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article?
A. 吸尘 B. 洗涤 C. 安全 D. 排污
【点拨】根据下一句句意“sewage system 带走厕所、浴缸以及其他地方使用过的水。”可知，sewage指的是排污。
(3)、通过构词法来猜测词义。
有些生词很难通过上下文来推测其词义，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，掌握一些常用的词根、词缀、后缀等构词法知识就很容易推测。
【典例剖析】 Micheal felt shameful，but he could not say anything about it. Soon his classmates called him a thief and laughed at him at school.
57. The underlined word “shameful” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 害怕的 B. 高兴的 C. 伤心的 D. 羞耻的
【点拨】shame为名词，意为“羞耻，羞愧”。shameful为shame的形容词形式，由此可知选 D。
(4)、通过生活常识来猜测词义。
【典例剖析】 For example, sunglasses are not just fashionable but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UVrays．
54. What do the underlined words “UV rays” mean?
A. 沙尘 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波
【点拨】根据划线词组所在句，并联系常识可知，戴太阳镜不仅仅只是一种时尚潮流，还可以保护视力不受紫外线的伤害。故选C。
(4)、通过同义词、近义词或者词语之间的对等关系来猜测词义。
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或者近义词。在这种情况下，就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二是要看在进一步的解释过程中所使用的同义词。
【典例剖析】 In the US, for example, if the police catch a drunk driver, the driver will pay a fine, lose his or her license and even go to prison.
52. What does the underlined part “a fine” mean?
A. health B. weather C. money D. time
【点拨】and连接的单词词义相近，but连接的单词词义相对或相反。由“lose his or her license and even go to prison”可知划线部分和后面一样属于惩罚措施，只有C项符合。
主旨/段落大意、标题归纳和写作意图
【主旨/段落大意题】
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1）.常见设问方式
（1）The passage is mainly about ________
（2）What is the passage mainly about?
（3）What can we learn from the story/passage？
（4）What does this passage mainly talk about？
（5）The passage (mainly) tells us ________．
（6）From the story/passage, we can know/learn that ________．
（7）What is the main idea of this passage？
（8）The main idea of the passage is ________．
2）.解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
（1）开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题， 随之用细节来解释、论证或体现主题思想。
（2）藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文(段)尾。文章先阐述细节，然后归 纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。
（3）首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。
（4）藏龙卧虎式
主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。
【标题归纳题】
选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于标题归纳题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
（1）Which is the best title for/of the passage？
（2）The best title for the passage can be/is ________．
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。解题时要注意：
(1)关注核心及高频词汇
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题。
(2)根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
写作意图题
此类试题要求考生推断作者的写作目的。题干中常有“purpose”一词。考生在解题时，一般可结合文章的主旨和文体来答题。
1. 常见设问方式
(1)The main purpose of this passage is to ________．
(2)The writer wrote the passage to advise people ________．
(3)In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that _______．
(4)What’s the purpose of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
(1)主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关。因此，解答此类试题与解答主旨大意题和标题归纳题一样，要采用略读法，即重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。
(2)文体推断法
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。
②说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
三、【学以致用】
【1】
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without paper or print?
Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren’t many hooks, few people learned to read.
Then printing was invented in China. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.
Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines such as MP3 players.
Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? No, I don’t think the Yao Ming poster on my bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a computer two meters high!
( )1．What does the writer do before he goes to sleep’?
A. He reads books. B. He reads newspapers
C. He looks through magazines D. He looks at the posters on the wall.
( )2．When was paper first created?
A. About 2.000 years ago. B. In the 19th century.C. About 1.000 years ago. D. In the 11th century.
( )3．Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing?
People could not read.
B. People could not write words on paper.
C. People could not find silk, cotton or bamboo.
D People could only produce books one at a time by hand
( )4．What happened after books became cheaper?
A. People didn’t want to buy books. B. Printing was invented in China.
C. Knowledge and ideas spread quickly. D. The Internet was introduced to people soon
( )5．What is the writer’s opinion about books and computers’?
A. People won’t need books any more B. Books won’t be replaced by computers.
C. People prefer to find information in books. D. Computers have already replaced books.
【2】
If you like unusual places, you should visit the Hebrides Islands. Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland. The land is not good for farming. It’s only good for keeping sheep (绵羊). The winters are long, cold, and wet. It’s hard to make a living on the Hebrides, but for a visitor, these islands can be very special.
They’re not for everyone. Even summer days are cool and often windy. The water is too cold for swimming. There are only a few trees and green fields. Instead of fields, there are just rocks and small plants. The hills, too, are just piles of rocks. Sometimes the view (风景) looks like pictures of the moon.
But there is beauty in this place. From the beach you can often see all the ways to the rocky hills. From the hills you can see far out to other islands and the open ocean. The colors, too, are special. Blue is everywhere. It’s in the sky and in the ocean. In the spring there is also green in the hills. In the summer and winter the hills are more purple.
On these islands you can forget about the rest of the world. The evenings are quiet. The restaurants close early, and there isn’t any nightlife. Visitors stay at a guest house or a Bed. This is the best way to learn about life on the islands. The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk.
If you want to meet islanders, you can also try the pubs (酒吧) or even the shops. People are in no hurry here. They like to chat about the weather or the fishing.
Do not come to the Hebrides for shopping. Come to walk in the clean, cool air. Come for the quiet beauty and for the views.
( )6．Are there many people living on the Hebrides islands?
_______________________________________________________________________________7( )7．How is the weather on the Hebrides in the summer?
_______________________________________________________________________________8( )8．What can you see from the hills when you are on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________9( )9．Where do visitor stay for the night on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________1( )10．According to the passage, what can we do on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________
【3】
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van (住房汽车).
A small car can hold (容纳) four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family with three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.
Mr Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bought a van. The sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱) when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents' home, the suitcases are brought into the home and the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
( )11． From the passage, a van is also called _________。
A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck
( )12．Before Mr Hagen and his wife bought a van, they _________。
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents' house
C. built a new place for a ran D. sold their second car
( )13．A motor home is usually owned by a family with _________。
A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in van
( )14．Americans usually use motor homes _________
to travel with all the family members on holiday
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
( )15．Motor homes have become popular because_________
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things in motor homes
【4】
Every year there is the Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It’s the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy beef, pork, chicken, fruit and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food called “dumplings”. It means “come together” in Chinese. On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children and children also buy presents for their parents. On the festival eve, all the family members come back to their home. This is a happy moment. They sing, dance and play cards. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year.They all have a good time.
( )16．Which is the most important festival in China? .
A. Mid-autumn Festival B. Spring Festival C. Children’s Day D. May Day
( )17．The Chinese usually have their Spring Festival in .
A. January or February B. February or March
C. September or October D. December or January
( )18． What’s the special kind of food for the Spring Festival in China? .
A. Pork B. Fish C. Dumplings D. Noodles
( )19． The food “dumplings” mean “ ”.
A. be delicious B. be hungry C. come together D. come back
( )20． When they are having dinner on the festival eve, the Chinese
A. sing, dance and play cards B. buy each other presents
C. never drinks D. give each other the best wishes
【5】
Did you visit the Shanghai World Expo last summer? What impressed (给……留下印象) you? 21st Century Kids invites four kids to talk about their experiences. They are back from the Expo. What did they bring us? Let’s see what they have to say.
I went to the SAIC-GM Pavilion (上汽集团通用汽车馆). I found my dream car there. It is a green car. Its name is “Leaf”. Chinese engineers made the car. Its roof is in the shape of a leaf. The roof takes in CO2 and changes it into electricity for the car.
The Japan Pavilion is full of high technology. The “Wonder Camera” is cool. It can find a smiling face in a crowd. When you’re smiling, it takes a photo of you. I want to invent something like that in the future. My favorite pavilion is the Germany Pavilion. I watched the Energy Source show. Visitors made a ball swing back and forth (来回摇摆) by using only their voices. It’s amazing! Although we had waited for quite a long time before we entered the hall, I think it is well worth seeing with your own eyes.I like painting, so my parents took me to the France Pavilion to see the famous paintings. But the French cooks caught my eye. I saw them cook. My mom told me that they are some of the best cooks in the world. The dish they cooked looked like a painting. So, being a cook is my second dream job.
( )21．The 21st Century Kids seems to be _____.
A. a travel service B. a newspaper C. a group of tourists D. four children
( )22． What does the underlined word “electricity” mean in the passage?
A. 电 B. 汽油 C. 灯光 D. 指示
( )23． What activity did the writer experience in the France Pavilion?
A. Using the “Wonder Camera” B. Driving the green car “Leaf”.
C. To have delicious French dishes. D. To see cooks painting.
( )24． What made the ball in the Germany Pavilion swing?
A. Visitors’ smiling faces B. CO2 from cars
C. Some secret power D. Noise made by visitors
( )25． The trip to the Shanghai World Expo made the four kids _____.
A. hardworking and polite B. amazed and frightened
C. patient and cheerful D. excited and curious
【6】
You probably know you should say” please” and “thank you ” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?
Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn’t have it turned up too high.
Take Them off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don’t allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don’t have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn’t make sense to listen to your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.
Take One Out! Once in a while it’s okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening to your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.
It’s Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 Players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.
( )26．The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means” _____.
A. the type of music B. the amount of a sound
C. the length of a song D. the colour of and MP3 player
( )27．No one wants to listen to _____ from others’ MP3 player.
A. a loud sound B. sad stories C. a long movie D. the words of a song
( )28．We can take one earphone out when we _____.
A. show others the way B. talk to fiends on the phone
C. watch a sporting event D. have dinner with our parents
( )29．It’s all right to use our MPS player in _____.
A. schools B. libraries C. restaurants D. museums
( )30．What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Music Lovers B. Music Manners C. MP3 Players D. MP3 Earphones
【7】
Teahouses in Chengdu
There is a saying, “China has the best teahouses in the world and Chengdu has the best teahouses in China.”Chengdu has not only many teahouses but also the special ways of serving and drinking tea.
As soon as the visitors enter the teahouses, the waiters or waitresses will greet them with teapots and cups in their hands. The cups often have special covers and saucers(茶碟). The covers can keep the water warm.
People who go to the teahouses are not all thirsty. Retired(退休)people pay a little money to the teahouses and then sit there all day long to chat with others. Sometimes, people have parties in the teahouses. They eat fruit and sunflower seeds(瓜子)while they chat and return home when they are tired. Teahouses are also good places for people to talk about businesses. Some of the teahouses even have stages for performances, such as storytelling, cross talk and Sichuan Opera. Sometimes when people have a quarrel, a mediator(调解员)will bring them to the teahouse. After their problem is solved, the person who is wrong will pay for the tea. It is interesting that as soon as the quarrelers enter the teahouse and sit down to drink tea, they have almost calmed down. With the help of the mediator, their problems can be easily solved then. Maybe we can say the teahouses have some special social functions.
( )31．Chengdu has the best teahouses in China because _____.
A．the serving of the teahouses in Chengdu is very special
B．there are many people in Chengdu teahouses
C．there are many old men in Chengdu teahouses
D．the cups in Chengdu teahouses are old
( )32．People in Chengdu’s teahouses may ___ while they are drinking according to the passage.
A．enjoy interesting stories B．watch movies
C．listen to Beijing Opera D．quarrel in loud voice
( )33．Who will pay for the tea after the mediator solve some problems?
A．The mediator himself B．The person who caused the problem
C．All the persons in the teahouse D．The owner of the teahouse
( )34．This passage is taken from some newspaper. Which part do you think it is from?
A．The sports part. B．The news part.
C．The culture part. D．The education part.
( )35．This passage mainly talks about _______.
A．how to make tea B．how to open a teahouse
C．the special functions of the teahouses D．the special way of enjoying tea
【8】
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.?
In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.?
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many pictures of great people. The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的).Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art.??
( )36．The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ____________
A. his business B. his garden C. his window
( )37．The Daguerreotype was____________.
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera
( )38．If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.?
A. watch lots of films
B. buy an expensive camera
C. take many films and something else with him.?
( )39．Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was quite strong C. was famous for his unusual pictures
( )40．This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world
【9】
Beijing is facing severe (严重的) traffic problems."Roads are wider now, but traffic jams (堵塞) often happen every day. " Yuan, a Beijing taxi drivers said.
Beijing government is trying to do something to make traffic jams less. Before 2007, there were a few subway lines in Beijing. There was only line 1, line 2, line 13 and Batong Line. But now there is line 5, line 10, line 4, the airport fast -track and the Olympic branch line. And there will be 13 subway lines under construction in Beijing at the same time at the end of this year.
The opening of the new subway line is convenient to tourists. Before, arriving in Beijing, many visitors would usually take a taxi to interesting places of Beijing. Today, as soon as people get off the plane, they can take the Airport Express Line, going to different interesting places through the subway lines. The government also strives to open a new line each year from now until 2015. The subway of Beijing reached 300 kilometers in 2010 and it will reach 561 kilometers in 2015.
Miss Xiao, who lives in South Water Bridge and works at Hepingli, said that traveling by her car still took her at least one hour from home to work because of traffic jams. Now, because of the railway line 5, Miss Xiao can arrive at her office in less than haft an hour.
( )41.What are the traffic problems in Beijing now?
A. Drivers drive too fast. B. Roads are not wide enough.
C. Traffic jams often happen. D. Traffic lights are always broken.
( )42.What does the underlined phrase "under construction" mean in Chinese?
A. 在学习 B. 在建造中 C. 在应用中 D. 在控制中
( )43.Why is the opening of the new subway line convenient to tourists?
A. Because the new subway line is very interesting.
B. Because the new subway line's ticket is very cheap.
C. Because people in Beijing can cost less money than that before.
D. Because visitors can take the subway to many different interesting places.
( )44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Visitors like to take a taxi in Beijing better.
B. The subway of Beijing will reach 300 kilometers in 2015.
C. There will be 15 subway lines in Beijing at the end of the year.
D. It takes Miss Xiao less time to get to her workplace by railway line 5.
( )45. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. People in Beijing invented high -speed trains.
B. Railway lines in Beijing only covers some areas.
C. Beijing welcomes visitors from different places.
D. Beijing government has done something to make traffic jams less.
【10】
Canada, the second largest country in the world, lies in the north of America. The population of Canada is about 29 million and the capital is Ottawa. The country covers about 9,980,000 square kilometers and six of the world’s 24 time areas (时区) as well.
There are two official languages spoken in Canada: French and English. Many people can speak both English and French. More than 60% of Canadians speak English as their language. About 25% of the Canadians speak French. In one province of Canada where French is the common language, the programmes on TV and radios as well as the teaching in schools are all in French. Today, Chinese has become the first inofficial(非官方的) language in Canada.
Canada’s climate is not as cold all year around as some may believe. In winter, temperatures fall below freezing point throughout most of Canada. In summer, the southern provinces often experience high levels of temperatures that can reach over 30℃ regularly. The weather in Canada is just like the weather in China. It is rather cold in the north while it is fairly warm in the south. Winters in the north last long with snow for half a year. As the cold northern climate, only one-fifth of the land is suitable for farming.
As it is known to all, Canada has one-third of the world’s supply of fresh water. It has many great lakes. There are five great lakes in the south. And there are many others, especially in the north. It is also rich in natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas of which Canadians make use to produce energy.
People of northern Canada are called Inuit (因纽特人), who came from Asia and settled in Canada about 4,000 years ago. They used to travel around from place to place with teams of dogs which pulled their baggage. Now, they seldom move. There are about 2,500 Inuit in all. The government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own young children. So it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for more centuries.
( )46．How many people are there living in Canada?
A. About 24 million. B. About 29 million.
C. About 25 million. D. About 9,980,000.
( )47．Today, most Canadians speak _________ as their first language.
A. French B. Chinese C. English D. Japanese
( )48．Only ________ of the land is fit for farming because of the cold northern climate.
A. 15% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50%
( )49．Which statement about Inuit is NOT right?
A. They settled in Canada about 4,000 years ago.
B. Dogs could help them pull their baggage when they had to travel years ago.
C. They can teach their own young children according to the new school project.
D. They way of Inuit life may disappear in the future.
( )50．From the passage we can know _________.
A. Canada lies in the south of America
B. Canada has many different kinds of natural resources.
C. the weather in Canada is so cold the whole year as some people think
D. the Canadians government pays little attention to Inuit’s education.
四、阅读理解题基本答题技巧
1. 长句理解。遇到长句先找主句，搞清楚主句的意思。长句通常是在主句中添加了从句（如宾语从句、状语从句以及定语从句）或者插入语、分词等，我们只要去掉这些添加成分，留下主句，找出主句的主语、谓语、宾语（表语）就很容易理解其主要意思。如：Mr.Wang, an English teacher from Shanghai who has taught English for 20 years, will give us an important speech about learning English.句中划线部分就是主句，意思是“王老师将给我们作演讲”，很容易理解的。
2、带着问题阅读。做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。
3、仔细分析比较，避开陷阱。在设计阅读理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这种答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率选定，往往就会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。正确处理方法是：对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，以阅读材料的内容为依据，在理解的基础上进行比对，去伪存真，即可选出正确答案。
4、重视实际情况、避开主观印象。阅读理解题中有少数阅读不明确题只要根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数则不然，考生必须按照阅读材料原文来选定答案。因此，考生在做后一种测试题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。
5、合理控制答题时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制住时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情也就相对放松了，这时可能会产生新的灵感、新的思路，大大提高了选对的几率。
专题三 阅读理解题解题技巧
初中英语阅读理解题是考查学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在各地中考英语试卷中均占较大比重（通常占总分的20%左右）。英语阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。根据部颁英语新课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。其中英语阅读理解需达到以下目标要求：??
??1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；????
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；??
??3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；????
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；??
??5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；????
6、能利用字典等工具进行学习；??
7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
一、阅读理解题的命题类型及特征
【主旨大意题】
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：
①概括全段思想。
②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：
①The main idea of this text may be…….
②This passage is mainly about…….
③The author's purpose in writing this text…….
④Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
⑤ What's the topic of the text?
⑥The passage gives us is…...
【典例】The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.
A. to introduce a food guide to the world
B. to provide us with knowledge of six food groups
C. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy life
D. to find the main cause of some serious diseases
答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响，而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等，因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，选择其它的选项。
【推断题】
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。
应特别注意以下特征：
①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；
②推理的根据来自于上下文；
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；
④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推断题常有的命题形式：
① It can be known from the text that ….
② ?From the text we know that ….
③ The story implies that ….
④ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
⑤ The writer suggests that….
【典例】It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____.
A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ words
B.students should not listen to music before exams
C.you have some good reasons to exercise to music
D.music might help you to get higher grades in tests
根据文中：A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知，科学家研究发现，凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D.
【事实细节题】
首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案.另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
【典例】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. More and more people have good eating habits now.
B. Parents'eating habits are important to their children.
C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young.
D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live.
这道题答案为B。文中：When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子，因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。
【猜测词义题】
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
【典例】第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.
A. impress? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. improve? C. provide? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. produce
此题答案为B,由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意
【典例】第二题： “Flattened wheat” means _______ .
A. broken wheat ? ? ? ? B. lying wheat C. harvested wheat ? ?D. growing wheat
此题答案为B,此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。?
针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文→段落→词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：
【推理判断题】
此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
此类试题中常含有“可能、也许”等词汇，如probably, might, possible, may等。具体设问形式如下：
(1)感受类
How did the writer/sb. feel when ...
(2)出处类
①In which part of the newspaper can you normally read this passage？
②You/We can probably read the article/passage in...
③This piece of passage may appear/be from..
(3)看法类
①What do you think of sb./sth.？/How do you like sb./sth.？
②It's clear that...
(4)判断正误类
Which is (NOT) TRUE according to the passage？
(5)其他类
①From the passage, we know/learn/see that...
②According to the passage, sb.... (2018三州联考59题)
③Which of the following sentence best describes...?
④Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph?
【逻辑推论题】
(1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例剖析】Pituco is a special dog from Brazil. Why do I say so? Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pituco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular.“Everybody knows Pituco，”says the animal doctor of the shop. “Sometimes, when he can’t reach what he wants, he barks(吠叫) until we hand it to him.” 60. From the passage, we learn that Pituco is a _____ dog.
A. quiet B. strong C. clever D. brave
【点拨】根据文章介绍Pituco可以自己购物的事实可知，他应该是非常聪明的，由此锁定正确答案C。
根据作者的思想倾向和感彩判断观点态度,所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例剖析】 She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There was a large round object on her desk. It was black. But when she asked the boy, he answered, “White.”I couldn’t believe it! Another argument started, this time about the color of the object.
62. How did the writer feel when the boy said the object was white?
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Happy. D. Angry.
【点拨】通过“I couldn't believe it！”推断出作者是“惊奇的surprised”。
(3)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等，广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。
【数字计算题】
此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下：
1. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。
【典例剖析】 I have been a taxi driver for over ten years. It’s a good job most of the time. I meet a lot of people. I always work at night because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London. I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.
45. How long did the driver work every day?
A. Eight and a half hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours. D. Eight and half an hour.
【点拨】根据最后一句“I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.”可知作者在下午五点半上班，凌晨两点下班。据此计算得出作者的工作时长为八个半小时。由此得出正确答案是A。词/句义猜测此类题的目的在于检测学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的理解能力。
【词/句义猜测题】
类型主要有三种：熟词新义。要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思；
2. 生词释义。要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义；
3. 难句释义。要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
解答此类题，考生可以参考以下解题技巧：
(1)、根据上下文语境猜测词/句义。
有些单词或句子不能直接猜测出其意思，但可以根据上下文的提示来进行推测。
【典例剖析】 Street performers(表演者) used to be street musicians(音乐人) before. The history of street musicians can go back to the Middle Ages(中世纪) in Europe. They were called “troubadours” then. Nowadays, street performers are not only musicians. They can be actors, clowns, dancers,storytellers and so on. Most people call street performers “buskers” now.People often come across buskers on busy shopping streets and near parks and watch their shows. In return, they give the buskers some money before they move on.
48. What does the underlined word “return” (Paragraph 1)mean in Chinese?
A. 交换 B. 返程 C. 交流 D. 讨论
【点拨】根据第一段倒数第二句并结合划线单词所在的句子可知，街头艺人表演，观众作为交换，给他们一些钱，由此得出正确答案是A。
(2)、通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)及举例来猜测词义。
定义或解释形式多样，常由is, that is(to say)，in other words, call, mean, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的词，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
另外，恰当的举例也能够提供猜测生词词义的重要线索。
【典例剖析】 The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article?
A. 吸尘 B. 洗涤 C. 安全 D. 排污
【点拨】根据下一句句意“sewage system 带走厕所、浴缸以及其他地方使用过的水。”可知，sewage指的是排污。
(3)、通过构词法来猜测词义。
有些生词很难通过上下文来推测其词义，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，掌握一些常用的词根、词缀、后缀等构词法知识就很容易推测。
【典例剖析】 Micheal felt shameful，but he could not say anything about it. Soon his classmates called him a thief and laughed at him at school.
57. The underlined word “shameful” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 害怕的 B. 高兴的 C. 伤心的 D. 羞耻的
【点拨】shame为名词，意为“羞耻，羞愧”。shameful为shame的形容词形式，由此可知选 D。
(4)、通过生活常识来猜测词义。
【典例剖析】 For example, sunglasses are not just fashionable but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UVrays．
54. What do the underlined words “UV rays” mean?
A. 沙尘 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波
【点拨】根据划线词组所在句，并联系常识可知，戴太阳镜不仅仅只是一种时尚潮流，还可以保护视力不受紫外线的伤害。故选C。
(4)、通过同义词、近义词或者词语之间的对等关系来猜测词义。
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或者近义词。在这种情况下，就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二是要看在进一步的解释过程中所使用的同义词。
【典例剖析】 In the US, for example, if the police catch a drunk driver, the driver will pay a fine, lose his or her license and even go to prison.
52. What does the underlined part “a fine” mean?
A. health B. weather C. money D. time
【点拨】and连接的单词词义相近，but连接的单词词义相对或相反。由“lose his or her license and even go to prison”可知划线部分和后面一样属于惩罚措施，只有C项符合。
主旨/段落大意、标题归纳和写作意图
【主旨/段落大意题】
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1）.常见设问方式
（1）The passage is mainly about ________
（2）What is the passage mainly about?
（3）What can we learn from the story/passage？
（4）What does this passage mainly talk about？
（5）The passage (mainly) tells us ________．
（6）From the story/passage, we can know/learn that ________．
（7）What is the main idea of this passage？
（8）The main idea of the passage is ________．
2）.解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
（1）开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题， 随之用细节来解释、论证或体现主题思想。
（2）藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文(段)尾。文章先阐述细节，然后归 纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。
（3）首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。
（4）藏龙卧虎式
主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。
【标题归纳题】
选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于标题归纳题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
（1）Which is the best title for/of the passage？
（2）The best title for the passage can be/is ________．
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。解题时要注意：
(1)关注核心及高频词汇
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题。
(2)根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
写作意图题
此类试题要求考生推断作者的写作目的。题干中常有“purpose”一词。考生在解题时，一般可结合文章的主旨和文体来答题。
1. 常见设问方式
(1)The main purpose of this passage is to ________．
(2)The writer wrote the passage to advise people ________．
(3)In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that _______．
(4)What’s the purpose of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
(1)主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关。因此，解答此类试题与解答主旨大意题和标题归纳题一样，要采用略读法，即重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。
(2)文体推断法
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。
②说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
三、【学以致用】
【1】
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without paper or print?
Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren’t many hooks, few people learned to read.
Then printing was invented in China. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.
Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines such as MP3 players.
Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? No, I don’t think the Yao Ming poster on my bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a computer two meters high!
( )1．What does the writer do before he goes to sleep’?
A. He reads books. B. He reads newspapers
C. He looks through magazines D. He looks at the posters on the wall.
( )2．When was paper first created?
A. About 2.000 years ago. B. In the 19th century.C. About 1.000 years ago. D. In the 11th century.
( )3．Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing?
People could not read.
B. People could not write words on paper.
C. People could not find silk, cotton or bamboo.
D People could only produce books one at a time by hand
( )4．What happened after books became cheaper?
A. People didn’t want to buy books. B. Printing was invented in China.
C. Knowledge and ideas spread quickly. D. The Internet was introduced to people soon
( )5．What is the writer’s opinion about books and computers’?
A. People won’t need books any more B. Books won’t be replaced by computers.
C. People prefer to find information in books. D. Computers have already replaced books.
【2】
If you like unusual places, you should visit the Hebrides Islands. Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland. The land is not good for farming. It’s only good for keeping sheep (绵羊). The winters are long, cold, and wet. It’s hard to make a living on the Hebrides, but for a visitor, these islands can be very special.
They’re not for everyone. Even summer days are cool and often windy. The water is too cold for swimming. There are only a few trees and green fields. Instead of fields, there are just rocks and small plants. The hills, too, are just piles of rocks. Sometimes the view (风景) looks like pictures of the moon.
But there is beauty in this place. From the beach you can often see all the ways to the rocky hills. From the hills you can see far out to other islands and the open ocean. The colors, too, are special. Blue is everywhere. It’s in the sky and in the ocean. In the spring there is also green in the hills. In the summer and winter the hills are more purple.
On these islands you can forget about the rest of the world. The evenings are quiet. The restaurants close early, and there isn’t any nightlife. Visitors stay at a guest house or a Bed. This is the best way to learn about life on the islands. The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk.
If you want to meet islanders, you can also try the pubs (酒吧) or even the shops. People are in no hurry here. They like to chat about the weather or the fishing.
Do not come to the Hebrides for shopping. Come to walk in the clean, cool air. Come for the quiet beauty and for the views.
( )6．Are there many people living on the Hebrides islands?
_______________________________________________________________________________7( )7．How is the weather on the Hebrides in the summer?
_______________________________________________________________________________8( )8．What can you see from the hills when you are on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________9( )9．Where do visitor stay for the night on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________1( )10．According to the passage, what can we do on the Hebrides?
_______________________________________________________________________________
【3】
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van (住房汽车).
A small car can hold (容纳) four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family with three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.
Mr Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bought a van. The sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱) when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents' home, the suitcases are brought into the home and the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
( )11． From the passage, a van is also called _________。
A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck
( )12．Before Mr Hagen and his wife bought a van, they _________。
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents' house
C. built a new place for a ran D. sold their second car
( )13．A motor home is usually owned by a family with _________。
A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in van
( )14．Americans usually use motor homes _________
to travel with all the family members on holiday
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
( )15．Motor homes have become popular because_________
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things in motor homes
【4】
Every year there is the Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It’s the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy beef, pork, chicken, fruit and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food called “dumplings”. It means “come together” in Chinese. On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children and children also buy presents for their parents. On the festival eve, all the family members come back to their home. This is a happy moment. They sing, dance and play cards. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year.They all have a good time.
( )16．Which is the most important festival in China? .
A. Mid-autumn Festival B. Spring Festival C. Children’s Day D. May Day
( )17．The Chinese usually have their Spring Festival in .
A. January or February B. February or March
C. September or October D. December or January
( )18． What’s the special kind of food for the Spring Festival in China? .
A. Pork B. Fish C. Dumplings D. Noodles
( )19． The food “dumplings” mean “ ”.
A. be delicious B. be hungry C. come together D. come back
( )20． When they are having dinner on the festival eve, the Chinese
A. sing, dance and play cards B. buy each other presents
C. never drinks D. give each other the best wishes
【5】
Did you visit the Shanghai World Expo last summer? What impressed (给……留下印象) you? 21st Century Kids invites four kids to talk about their experiences. They are back from the Expo. What did they bring us? Let’s see what they have to say.
I went to the SAIC-GM Pavilion (上汽集团通用汽车馆). I found my dream car there. It is a green car. Its name is “Leaf”. Chinese engineers made the car. Its roof is in the shape of a leaf. The roof takes in CO2 and changes it into electricity for the car.
The Japan Pavilion is full of high technology. The “Wonder Camera” is cool. It can find a smiling face in a crowd. When you’re smiling, it takes a photo of you. I want to invent something like that in the future. My favorite pavilion is the Germany Pavilion. I watched the Energy Source show. Visitors made a ball swing back and forth (来回摇摆) by using only their voices. It’s amazing! Although we had waited for quite a long time before we entered the hall, I think it is well worth seeing with your own eyes.I like painting, so my parents took me to the France Pavilion to see the famous paintings. But the French cooks caught my eye. I saw them cook. My mom told me that they are some of the best cooks in the world. The dish they cooked looked like a painting. So, being a cook is my second dream job.
( )21．The 21st Century Kids seems to be _____.
A. a travel service B. a newspaper C. a group of tourists D. four children
( )22． What does the underlined word “electricity” mean in the passage?
A. 电 B. 汽油 C. 灯光 D. 指示
( )23． What activity did the writer experience in the France Pavilion?
A. Using the “Wonder Camera” B. Driving the green car “Leaf”.
C. To have delicious French dishes. D. To see cooks painting.
( )24． What made the ball in the Germany Pavilion swing?
A. Visitors’ smiling faces B. CO2 from cars
C. Some secret power D. Noise made by visitors
( )25． The trip to the Shanghai World Expo made the four kids _____.
A. hardworking and polite B. amazed and frightened
C. patient and cheerful D. excited and curious
【6】
You probably know you should say” please” and “thank you ” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?
Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn’t have it turned up too high.
Take Them off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don’t allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don’t have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn’t make sense to listen to your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.
Take One Out! Once in a while it’s okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening to your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.
It’s Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 Players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.
( )26．The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means” _____.
A. the type of music B. the amount of a sound
C. the length of a song D. the colour of and MP3 player
( )27．No one wants to listen to _____ from others’ MP3 player.
A. a loud sound B. sad stories C. a long movie D. the words of a song
( )28．We can take one earphone out when we _____.
A. show others the way B. talk to fiends on the phone
C. watch a sporting event D. have dinner with our parents
( )29．It’s all right to use our MPS player in _____.
A. schools B. libraries C. restaurants D. museums
( )30．What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Music Lovers B. Music Manners C. MP3 Players D. MP3 Earphones
【7】
Teahouses in Chengdu
There is a saying, “China has the best teahouses in the world and Chengdu has the best teahouses in China.”Chengdu has not only many teahouses but also the special ways of serving and drinking tea.
As soon as the visitors enter the teahouses, the waiters or waitresses will greet them with teapots and cups in their hands. The cups often have special covers and saucers(茶碟). The covers can keep the water warm.
People who go to the teahouses are not all thirsty. Retired(退休)people pay a little money to the teahouses and then sit there all day long to chat with others. Sometimes, people have parties in the teahouses. They eat fruit and sunflower seeds(瓜子)while they chat and return home when they are tired. Teahouses are also good places for people to talk about businesses. Some of the teahouses even have stages for performances, such as storytelling, cross talk and Sichuan Opera. Sometimes when people have a quarrel, a mediator(调解员)will bring them to the teahouse. After their problem is solved, the person who is wrong will pay for the tea. It is interesting that as soon as the quarrelers enter the teahouse and sit down to drink tea, they have almost calmed down. With the help of the mediator, their problems can be easily solved then. Maybe we can say the teahouses have some special social functions.
( )31．Chengdu has the best teahouses in China because _____.
A．the serving of the teahouses in Chengdu is very special
B．there are many people in Chengdu teahouses
C．there are many old men in Chengdu teahouses
D．the cups in Chengdu teahouses are old
( )32．People in Chengdu’s teahouses may ___ while they are drinking according to the passage.
A．enjoy interesting stories B．watch movies
C．listen to Beijing Opera D．quarrel in loud voice
( )33．Who will pay for the tea after the mediator solve some problems?
A．The mediator himself B．The person who caused the problem
C．All the persons in the teahouse D．The owner of the teahouse
( )34．This passage is taken from some newspaper. Which part do you think it is from?
A．The sports part. B．The news part.
C．The culture part. D．The education part.
( )35．This passage mainly talks about _______.
A．how to make tea B．how to open a teahouse
C．the special functions of the teahouses D．the special way of enjoying tea
【8】
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.?
In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.?
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many pictures of great people. The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的).Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art.??
( )36．The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ____________
A. his business B. his garden C. his window
( )37．The Daguerreotype was____________.
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera
( )38．If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.?
A. watch lots of films
B. buy an expensive camera
C. take many films and something else with him.?
( )39．Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was quite strong C. was famous for his unusual pictures
( )40．This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world
【9】
Beijing is facing severe (严重的) traffic problems."Roads are wider now, but traffic jams (堵塞) often happen every day. " Yuan, a Beijing taxi drivers said.
Beijing government is trying to do something to make traffic jams less. Before 2007, there were a few subway lines in Beijing. There was only line 1, line 2, line 13 and Batong Line. But now there is line 5, line 10, line 4, the airport fast -track and the Olympic branch line. And there will be 13 subway lines under construction in Beijing at the same time at the end of this year.
The opening of the new subway line is convenient to tourists. Before, arriving in Beijing, many visitors would usually take a taxi to interesting places of Beijing. Today, as soon as people get off the plane, they can take the Airport Express Line, going to different interesting places through the subway lines. The government also strives to open a new line each year from now until 2015. The subway of Beijing reached 300 kilometers in 2010 and it will reach 561 kilometers in 2015.
Miss Xiao, who lives in South Water Bridge and works at Hepingli, said that traveling by her car still took her at least one hour from home to work because of traffic jams. Now, because of the railway line 5, Miss Xiao can arrive at her office in less than haft an hour.
( )41.What are the traffic problems in Beijing now?
A. Drivers drive too fast. B. Roads are not wide enough.
C. Traffic jams often happen. D. Traffic lights are always broken.
( )42.What does the underlined phrase "under construction" mean in Chinese?
A. 在学习 B. 在建造中 C. 在应用中 D. 在控制中
( )43.Why is the opening of the new subway line convenient to tourists?
A. Because the new subway line is very interesting.
B. Because the new subway line's ticket is very cheap.
C. Because people in Beijing can cost less money than that before.
D. Because visitors can take the subway to many different interesting places.
( )44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Visitors like to take a taxi in Beijing better.
B. The subway of Beijing will reach 300 kilometers in 2015.
C. There will be 15 subway lines in Beijing at the end of the year.
D. It takes Miss Xiao less time to get to her workplace by railway line 5.
( )45. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. People in Beijing invented high -speed trains.
B. Railway lines in Beijing only covers some areas.
C. Beijing welcomes visitors from different places.
D. Beijing government has done something to make traffic jams less.
【10】
Canada, the second largest country in the world, lies in the north of America. The population of Canada is about 29 million and the capital is Ottawa. The country covers about 9,980,000 square kilometers and six of the world’s 24 time areas (时区) as well.
There are two official languages spoken in Canada: French and English. Many people can speak both English and French. More than 60% of Canadians speak English as their language. About 25% of the Canadians speak French. In one province of Canada where French is the common language, the programmes on TV and radios as well as the teaching in schools are all in French. Today, Chinese has become the first inofficial(非官方的) language in Canada.
Canada’s climate is not as cold all year around as some may believe. In winter, temperatures fall below freezing point throughout most of Canada. In summer, the southern provinces often experience high levels of temperatures that can reach over 30℃ regularly. The weather in Canada is just like the weather in China. It is rather cold in the north while it is fairly warm in the south. Winters in the north last long with snow for half a year. As the cold northern climate, only one-fifth of the land is suitable for farming.
As it is known to all, Canada has one-third of the world’s supply of fresh water. It has many great lakes. There are five great lakes in the south. And there are many others, especially in the north. It is also rich in natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas of which Canadians make use to produce energy.
People of northern Canada are called Inuit (因纽特人), who came from Asia and settled in Canada about 4,000 years ago. They used to travel around from place to place with teams of dogs which pulled their baggage. Now, they seldom move. There are about 2,500 Inuit in all. The government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own young children. So it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for more centuries.
( )46．How many people are there living in Canada?
A. About 24 million. B. About 29 million.
C. About 25 million. D. About 9,980,000.
( )47．Today, most Canadians speak _________ as their first language.
A. French B. Chinese C. English D. Japanese
( )48．Only ________ of the land is fit for farming because of the cold northern climate.
A. 15% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50%
( )49．Which statement about Inuit is NOT right?
A. They settled in Canada about 4,000 years ago.
B. Dogs could help them pull their baggage when they had to travel years ago.
C. They can teach their own young children according to the new school project.
D. They way of Inuit life may disappear in the future.
( )50．From the passage we can know _________.
A. Canada lies in the south of America
B. Canada has many different kinds of natural resources.
C. the weather in Canada is so cold the whole year as some people think
D. the Canadians government pays little attention to Inuit’s education.
【1】
1．D2．A3．D4．C5．B
【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了书籍的产生及在人类社会发展中的巨大作用。
1．根据第一段And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep.描述，可知作者在睡觉前都要看着墙上的海报，故选D。
2．根据第二段Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago,描述，可知报纸是在大约两千年前产生的。故选A。
3．根据短文第二段But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare.描述，可知书籍贵的原因是因为，书籍那时只能手写。故选D。
4．根据短文第三段As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.描述，可知在书籍变得便宜之后，知识和思想传播的更快乐。故选C。
5．根据短文最后一段描述，可知作者认为电脑不会代替电脑，故选B。
【2】
6．No, there aren’t.
7．It’s cool and windy.
8．We can see far out to other islands and the open ocean.
9．At a guest house or a Bed.
10．You can enjoy the quiet beautiful view, walk in the clean cool air, talk with the islanders and learn about life on the islands.
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了英国赫布里底群岛的美丽风光，气候环境，当地友好的人们及安静舒适的生活。
6．根据第一段Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland.描述，可知答案为否。故答：No, there aren’t.
7．根据第二段Even summer days are cool and often windy.描述，可知答：It’s cool and windy.
8．根据第三段From the hills you can see far out to other islands and the open ocean. 描述，可知答：We can see far out to other islands and the open ocean.
9．根据第四段Visitors stay at a guest house or a Bed.描述，可知答：At a guest house or a Bed.
10．这篇短文主要介绍了英国赫布里底群岛的美丽风光，气候环境，当地友好的人们及安静舒适的生活。据此回答即可。
【3】
11．B12．D13．C14．A15．B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了美国住房汽车的由来，这种汽车主要就是为了容纳更多的人，方便大家庭一起出行才出现的。
11．根据Americans call vans motor homes.描述可知选B。
12．根据This made them sell a second car and bus a van.可知选D。
13．根据so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.及上下文描述可知选C。
14．根据A motor home is always used for holidays.可知选A。
15．根据All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular.描述可知选B。
【4】
16．B17．A18．C19．C20．D
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了中国春节期间的一些活动。
16．根据Every year there is the Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January(一月)or February（二月）. It is the most important festival in China.描述,可知春节是中国最重要的节日,故选B.
17．根据Every year there is the Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January(一月)or February（二月）描述,可知选A.
18．根据And they often make a special(特别的) kind of food called “dumplings”. It means “come together” in Chinese.描述,可知选D.所给答案有误.
19．根据It means “come together” in Chinese. 描述,可知选C.
20．根据When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. 描述,可知选D.
【5】
21．B22．A23．C24．D25．D
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文中四个孩子对自己参观上海世博会的过程做了详细的描述。
21．根据第一段21st Century Kids invites four kids to talk about their experiences.描述，可知这可能是一家报纸，故选B。
22．联系前文The roof takes in CO2 and changes it into 描述，可知此处指的是把二氧化碳转变成电能，故选A。
23．根据短文最后一段描述，可知作者在法国馆里面见到了法国美食，故选C。
24．根据短文第四段Visitors made a ball swing back and forth (来回摇摆) by using only their voices.描述，可知选D。
25．根据这四个孩子对他们参观过程的描述，可知他们是又兴奋又紧张，故选D。
【6】
26．B27．A28．A29．C30．B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述了我们在听音乐时应该注意的一些社会礼貌问题。
26．联系后一句You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it.描述，可知此处指的是音量的含义，故选B。
27．根据第二段Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this.描述，可知选A。
28．根据短文倒数第二段描述，可知选A。
29．根据You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.描述，可知选C。
30．这篇短文主要讲述了我们在听音乐时应该注意的一些社会礼貌问题，故选B，音乐礼仪。
【7】
31．A32．A33．B34．C35．C
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述了成都的茶文化及其对社会的生活的影响。
31．根据第一段Chengdu has not only many teahouses but also the special ways of serving and drinking tea.描述，可知选A。
32．根据第三段Some of the teahouses even have stages for performances, such as storytelling, cross talk and Sichuan Opera.描述，可知选A。
33．根据第三段After their problem is solved, the person who is wrong will pay for the tea.描述，可知选B。
34．这篇短文主要讲述的成都的茶文化，故选C，文化部分。
35．根据短文第三段描述，可知本文重点内容讲述的是成都的茶文化对于社会生活的影响，故选C。
考点：关于成都茶文化的说明文阅读
点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。
【8】
36．B37．B38．C39．B40．A
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了摄影术的发展历史，其中重点介绍了每个历史阶段的重要人物。
36．根据He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden.描述可知选B。
37．根据In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerro type.描述可知选B。
38．根据That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.描述可知选C。
39．根据Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike 描述可知选B。
40．这篇短文主要描述了摄影术的发展历史，故选A，摄影术是怎样发展的。
【9】
【小题1】C【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】D【小题5】D
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了北京市政府已经采取了一些措施来降低北京的交通拥堵问题，以及这些措施带来的效果。
【小题1】根据"Roads are wider now, but traffic jams (堵塞) often happen every day. " Yuan, a Beijing taxi drivers said.描述，可知选C。
【小题2】联系上下文，可知此处指的是再今年年底在北京将会有十三条地铁同时处于建设当中，故选B。
【小题3】根据第三段The opening of the new subway line is convenient to tourists. Before,……Today, as soon as people get off the plane, they can take the Airport Express Line, going to different interesting places through the subway lines.描述，可知选D。
【小题4】根据最后一段Now, because of the railway line 5, Miss Xiao can arrive at her office in less than haft an hour.描述，可知选D。[来源:学科网]
【小题5】这篇短文主要介绍了北京市政府已经采取了一些措施来降低北京的交通拥堵问题。故选D。
【10】
42．B43．C44．B45．D46．B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了加拿大在语言，人口，气候，土地和自然资源方面的特点。
42．根据第一段The population of Canada is about 29 million 描述，可知选B。
43．根据第二段More than 60% of Canadians speak English as their language.描述，可知选C。
44．根据第三段As the cold northern climate, only one-fifth of the land is suitable for farming.描述，可知选B。
45．根据最后一段So it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for more centuries.描述，可知选项D描述错误。
46．根据第四段It is also rich in natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas of which Canadians make use to produce energy.描述，可知选B。
四、阅读理解题基本答题技巧
1. 长句理解。遇到长句先找主句，搞清楚主句的意思。长句通常是在主句中添加了从句（如宾语从句、状语从句以及定语从句）或者插入语、分词等，我们只要去掉这些添加成分，留下主句，找出主句的主语、谓语、宾语（表语）就很容易理解其主要意思。如：Mr.Wang, an English teacher from Shanghai who has taught English for 20 years, will give us an important speech about learning English.句中划线部分就是主句，意思是“王老师将给我们作演讲”，很容易理解的。
2、带着问题阅读。做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。
3、仔细分析比较，避开陷阱。在设计阅读理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这种答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率选定，往往就会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。正确处理方法是：对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，以阅读材料的内容为依据，在理解的基础上进行比对，去伪存真，即可选出正确答案。
4、重视实际情况、避开主观印象。阅读理解题中有少数阅读不明确题只要根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数则不然，考生必须按照阅读材料原文来选定答案。因此，考生在做后一种测试题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。
5、合理控制答题时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制住时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情也就相对放松了，这时可能会产生新的灵感、新的思路，大大提高了选对的几率。
