2019小升初英语总复习课件 词类梳理 形容词和副词（40张PPT）

课件40张PPT。第二篇 专项提升第二部分 词类梳理第五节 形容词和副词知识梳理一、形容词
1. 形容词是主要用来修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。
2. 形容词可以直接修饰名词，表示“……的”。如：
a good student a busy bee
3. 形容词也可以放在句末。如：
That girl is smart. 二、副词
1. 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2. 副词表示动作是“……地”，一般放在动词之后。如：
The girls sing happily.
Joe draws very well.
【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，become，sound，look，turn等连系动词之后，应该用形容词而不是副词。如：
I feel sad when I see the film.
You look terrible. What's the matter？
The food tastes delicious.三、形容词变副词的规则
1. 大部分形容词在其词尾直接加-ly变为副词。如：
real→really quiet→quietly helpful→helpfully
slow→slowly careful→carefully quick→quickly
【注】此类以-ly结尾的副词变比较级时，在前面加more。
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加-ly变为副词。如：
busy→busily easy→easily
3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly变为副词。如：
gentle→gently true→truly
【注】（1）部分名词加-ly变为副词。如：part→partly（部分地）
（2）并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词加ly是形容词。如：
friend→friendly（友好的） mother→motherly（母亲般的）
father→fatherly（父亲般的） sister→sisterly（姐妹般的）
brother→brotherly（兄弟般的） love→lovely（可爱的）
day→daily（每日的） （3）有些名词加-y变为形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加-y。如：
rain→rainy snow→snowy cloud→cloudy
wind→windy fog→foggy sun→sunny
salt→salty luck→lucky health→healthy四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1. 原级（即原形）；2. 比较级，表示“更……”；3. 最高级，表示“最……”。
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
（1）规则变化 续表（2）不规则变化【注】形容词最高级前一般要加the。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
（1）比较级常用于两者之间的比较，一般结构为：主语＋谓语＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋其他。同时，在比较级前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副词修饰。如：
She is taller than me.
He runs faster than Tom.
This house is much bigger than that one.
Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.
（2）“形容词比较级＋and＋形容词比较级”，表示“越来越……”。如：
It is getting hotter and hotter. （3）“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”，表示“越……就越……”。如：
The more， the better.
（4）最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或物在某个范围内“最……”。如：
Jack is the cleverest student in the class.
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

【注】（1）形容词和副词的原级可以用“as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”结构对两者进行比较，表示“……和……一样……”。其否定形式为“not as/so＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”，表示“……不如/没有……”。如：
Lily is as old as Lucy.
Tom is not as/so clever as Jim.
（2）副词的最高级前面的the可以省略。如：
She is the best singer in our school. She sings （the） best.
考点精析考查形容词、副词的词形变换考点1【例1】Read and write. 请仔细观察下面左排的单词，根据其变化规则写出右排所缺的单词。1. big→bigger hot→__________
2. new→old early→__________
3. good→best much→__________
4. happy→happily easy→__________ 解析：此类题考查形容词和副词的变换形式，涉及形容词与副词间的转换及其比较级、最高级、反义词等。
答案：1. 2. 3. 4.
hotter late mosteasily举一反三一、Read and write. 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。1. late→__________→__________
2. thin→__________→__________
3. easy→__________→__________
4. useful→______________→__________________二、Read and judge. 根据画线的形容词判断下列句子的说法是否正确，
正确的在括号内打“√”，错误的打“×”。1. The days are longer in summer than in winter. （ ）
2. The elephants are the biggest animals in the world. （ ）
3. Watching too much TV is always bad for children. （ ）laterlatestthinnerthinnesteasiereasiestmore useful（the） most useful√√× 考查形容词、副词的用法考点2【例2】Read, choose and fill. 选择合适的单词填空。
good, wellYao Ming is a ______ basketball player. He plays basketball ______ . 解析：good作形容词，意为“出色的”。well作副词，意为“好地；出色地”。形容词修饰名词，放在名词之前；副词放在动词之后，也起修饰作用。
答案：good；well【例3】Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。Is the box light or __________？ 解析：选择疑问句的选项是一组反义词，light在此意为“轻的”，故其反义词为“heavy”。
答案：heavy举一反三三、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. The days are long in summer and the nights are _____ .
2. The dictionary is thick， but the exercise book is _____ .
3. It is cold in winter but it's very _____ in summer.shortthinhot四、Read, choose and fill. 选词填空。heavy, cleverer, newer, lovely1. She is a __________ girl.
2. My book is __________ than yours.
3. How __________ the rain is！
4. Can you give me a __________ answer？lovelynewerheavycleverer考查形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法考点3【例4】Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
Amy sings__________ . Sarah sings__________ than Amy. Chen Jie sings __________ in our school. （well） 解析：此题考查副词比较等级的用法。第一句话陈述一般性事实，没有相互之间的比较，因而用副词原级well修饰动词sing。第二句话有than这个比较级标志，此句空格上应填well的比较级better来修饰动词sing。第三句话中有表范围的介词短语in our school，此句修饰sing的副词应是well的最高级best。
答案：well；better；best【例5】Read and write. 请用比较级将下面两句话合并成一句。
I'm 11 years old. My sister is 8 years old.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
解析：此题中的两个句子给出的是一组对比关系，所以，可以用比较级句式将其组合成一句话。
答案： I'm 3 years older than my sister./My sister is 3 years younger than me.举一反三五、Read and choose. 单项填空。（ ）1. Of all my family members， my brother is __________ .
A. tall B. taller C. the tallest
（ ）2. Now Bob is __________ than he was.
A. more careful B. much careful C. more carefully
（ ）3. The food smells __________ . You can't eat it.
A. delicious B. bad C. badlyCAB六、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。1. I'm 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall， too. （用同级表达）
____________________________________________________________
2. Tom is 13 years old. Jim is 14 years old. （用比较级表达）
____________________________________________________________I'm as tall as my sister./My sister is as tall as me.Tom is 1 year younger than Jim./Jim is 1 year older than Tom.过关检测一、Read and write. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级（省略
the）。1. long _________ _________
2. heavy _________ _________
3. wide _________ _________
4. brightly _______________ _______________
5. fat __________ __________
longerlongestheavier heaviestwiderwidestmore brightlymost brightlyfatterfattest6. lovely __________ __________
7. early __________ __________
8. fast __________ __________
9. slow __________ __________
10. interesting ____________________ ____________________
11. much __________ __________
12. hot _______ ________
13. many _________ __________
more lovelymost lovelyearlierearliestfasterfastestslowerslowestmore interestingmost interestingmoremosthotterhottestmoremost
14. young __________ __________
15. strong __________ __________
16. short __________ __________
17. well __________ __________
18. good __________ __________
19. thin __________ __________
20. bad __________ __________youngeryoungeststrongerstrongestshortershortestbetterbestbetterbestthinnerthinnestworseworst二、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。1. Peter is taller than any other boys in his class. （用最高级表达）
__________________________________________________________
2. Sarah's schoolbag is bigger than mine. （同义句转换）
__________________________________________________________
3. He is 140 cm tall. His sister is 140 cm tall，too. （合并为一句话，用
同级表达）
__________________________________________________________
4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. （同义句转换）
__________________________________________________________Peter is the tallest of all the boys in his class. My schoolbag is smaller than Sarah's.His sister is as tall as him./He is as tall as his sister.My dress is much more expensive than hers.三、Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Lucy is __________ （thin） than her friend.
2. Winter is the __________ （cold） season of the year.
3. The __________ （cheap） bags are usually not the best ones.
4. It smells __________ （terrible）.
5. Dick is _______ at music. And he also does _______ in sports. （well）
thinnercoldestcheapestterriblegoodwell
6. Things are getting __________ and __________ . （bad）
7. Which is __________ （heavy）， the elephant or the tiger？
8. I eat __________ （much） food than you.
9. Tom runs ________ . But John runs __________ in their class. （fast）
10. This ruler is not as __________ （long） as that one.worseworseheaviermorefastfastestlong四、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. There isn't much tea in the bottle. There is __________ .
2. The desks aren't dirty. They are __________ .
3. Is he right or __________？
4. The small box is full of toys, but the big one is _________ .
5. Mary's coat is cheap , but her shoes are so __________ .
littlecleanwrongemptyexpensive 五、Read and choose. 单项填空。（ ）1. This park is __________ than that one.
A. large B. larger C. largest
（ ）2. Mike jumps __________ than Mary.
A. more high B. more higher C. much higher
（ ）3. My father is __________ than my uncle.
A. old B. older C. oldest
（ ）4. The desk is __________， and the table is__________ .
A. big； bigger B. bigger； bigger C. big； biggest
（ ）5. Jenny sang the song __________ .
A. happy B. happiness C. happilyBCBAC（ ）6. The school is __________ newer than that one.
A. much B. many C. more
（ ）7. You can see the hospital __________ .
A. easily B. easy C. more easy
（ ）8. Of all my friends， Kate is __________ one.
A. tall B. taller C. the tallest
（ ）9. She can do it __________ me.
A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as
（ ）10. The joke is __________ funny.
A. more B. so C. asAACBB六、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。1. 这本书跟那本书一样有用。（汉译英）
_________________________________________________________
2. 今天比昨天热得多。（汉译英）
_________________________________________________________
3. Sarah是我们班最矮的学生。（汉译英）
_________________________________________________________
4. I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy， too. （合并为一句话，用同
级表达）
_________________________________________________________This book is as useful as that one.It is much hotter today than it was yesterday.Sarah is the shortest student in our class.I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.

5. The blue box is 5 kg. The white box is 6 kg. The black box is 7 kg. （合
并为一句话，用最高级表达）
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The black box is the heaviest of the three./The blue box is the lightest of the three.七、Read and fill. 根据下面表格中的信息补全句子。1. Ben is 158 cm. He is __________ than Lucy. But he is __________ than
Lily.
tallershorter2. A：How __________ is Lily？
B：She is __________ cm.
3. Ben is ______ kg __________ than Lucy.
4. Lucy is __________ than Ben，but she is _________ than Lily. Lily is the
__________ of the three.
5. Lucy is 43 kg. She is the __________ one of the three.tall1599heavierolderyoungeroldestlightest