2019小升初英语总复习课件：介词和连词（35张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2019小升初英语总复习课件：介词和连词（35张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-05-14 08:35:06 | ||
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课件35张PPT。第二篇 专项提升第二部分 词类梳理第六节 介词和连词知识梳理一、介词的概念
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。介词后面一般会接上名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作为它的宾语。二、介词的分类及用法
（一）表示位置的介词
1. at, in, on, to
（1）表示在小地方。如：He arrived at the station.
（2）表示“在……附近、旁边”。如：He is sitting at the desk.
（1）表示在大地方。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
（2）表示“在……范围之内”。如：
Guangdong is in the southeast of China.
on：表示“毗邻；接壤”。如：Russia lies on the north of China.
to：表示“在……范围外；不接壤”。如：
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.atin2. above, over, on
above：表示“在……上方”，不强调是否正对，与 below相对应。
如：The bird is flying above my head.
over：表示“在……正上方”，与under相对应，与物体之间不直接接触。
如：There is a bridge over the river.
on：表示在某物体上面并与之接触，其对应词也是under。如：
His watch is on the desk.
3. under, below
under：表示“在……正下方”。如：There is a cat under the table.
below：表示“在……下面”，但不一定在正下方。如：
Please write your name below the line. 4. near, beside, next to, by
near：指空间或时间上“不远的；接近的”。如：
My aunt lives quite near.
beside：表示“在……旁边”，一般指空间上。如：
A football is beside the door.
next to：表示“紧挨着；与……紧靠的”。如：
There is a bus station next to No.13 Middle School.
by：表示“在附近”，其用法介乎beside和next to之间。如：
Come and sit by my side.
Some people are fishing by the lake. 5. in front of, behind
in front of：表示“在……前面”。如：
A boy is standing in front of the house.
behind：表示“在……后面”。如：
There is a basketball behind the door. 6. on the left, on the right, in the middle, between …（and）, among
on the left：表示“在……左边”。如：The bookstore is on the left.
on the right：表示“在……右边”。如：
The hospital is on the right of the library.
in the middle：表示“在……中间”。如：
The car is in the middle of the road.
between …（and）： 表示“在……（和……）之间”。如：
There is a tree between the two houses.
Dongguan is between Shenzhen and Guangzhou.
among：表示“在（三个或三个以上的人或事物）之间”。如：
The teacher is standing among the students. （二）表示时间的介词
1. in， on， at
in：表示一段时间，常与表示月份、季节、年份的词连用或与上午、
下午、晚上等词连用，构成固定短语。如：
in August, in summer, in 2010, in the morning/afternoon/evening
on：表示在星期几，具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
如：on Sunday， on May 2nd, on Monday evening
at：表示在某一具体时刻或用在固定短语中。如：at six, at night2. in, after
in：“in+一段时间”表示在将来的一段时间的以后。如：
My mother will come back in three days.
after：“after+一段时间”表示在过去的一段时间的以后。如：
He arrived after five months.
“after+将来的时间点”表示在将来的某一时刻以后。如：
She will come after five o'clock this afternoon.
3. before， after
before和after都表示时间的先后顺序，before意为“在……之前”，after意为“在……之后”。如：
before breakfast/lunch
before 7 o'clock
after lunch
after school（三）表示位移方向的介词
1. across： 表示“横过”，即从物体的表面通过，与on相似。如：
She swam across the river.
2. through： 表示“穿过”，即从物体内部穿过，与in相似。如：
He walked through the forest.
3. into： 表示“进入……”。如：Little Peter ran into the house.（四）表示其他意义的介词
1. by表示“用……方法、手段”，或表示“用某种交通工具”。如：
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
My father goes to the USA by plane.
2. with表示“用……工具、手段”，一般接具体的工具或手段。如：
He broke the window with a stone.
We can see with our eyes and smell with our noses.
3. in表示“用……方式；用……语言、语调；穿着……”等。如：
Please say it in English.
Mary is in red today.4. for
（1）表示“给……”。如：This present is for you.
（2）表示“为了……”。如：Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.
（3）表示“作为……”。如：We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.
5. to
（1）表示“到……”。如：Take your sport shoes to the PE class.
（2）表示“致……”。如：Happy birthday to you！
6. from表示“来自”。如：I'm from China.＝I come from China.
7. from … to … 指“从……到……”。如：
Line up from shorter to taller.
We have classes from Monday to Friday.
8. of 表示“……的”。如：This is a map of China. 三、介词短语
介词短语指的是某一个介词固定与其他代词或名词或词组搭配，表达某一个固定的意思。以下为小学阶段学过的介词短语汇总：1. 动词＋介词
agree with 同意 ask for 要求 belong to 属于
get on 上（车） get off 下（车） get to 到达
hold on 等一等 listen to 听 look at 看
look after 照顾 look for寻找 look up 查找
look like 看上去像 be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料） put on 穿上
put off 推迟 wait for 等待 want to想要
put away 收拾 worry about 为……担忧2. be+形容词＋介词
be afraid of 害怕 be angry with 生气
be close to 接近于 be famous for 因……出名
be full of 充满 be good at 擅长于
be proud of 为……感到自豪 be short of 缺乏
be late for 迟到…… be sorry for 对……抱歉
be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be different from 与……不同3. 介词＋其他词
after school 放学后 at first 首先 at last 最后
at least 至少 in English 用英语 by oneself 独自
by the way 顺便提一下 for example例如 in time 及时
on time 准时；按时 on holiday 在度假
from now on 从现在开始 from … to … 从……到……四、连词的概念
连词是用来连接词、短语和句子的虚词，表示它们之间的关系，不能单独使用。五、常见连词及其用法
1. and表示“和”。如：
I like cabbages and carrots.
2. both … and … 表示“……和……（两者）都……”。如：
Both you and I are in Class Six this year.
3. not only … but also … 表示“不仅……而且……”。如：
Mike is not only good at basketball but also good at football.
4. or表示“或者；是……，还是……；否则”。常用于连接疑问句或否定句中的并列成分。如：
Would you like milk or tea？
I don't have a sister or a brother.
It's cold today. Put on your sweater, or you will have a cold.
5. either … or … 表示“或者……或者……”。如：
Put it either in the desk or in the schoolbag.
6. but表示“但是”。如：
I try my best， but I can't do it well. 7. because表示“因为”。如：
I like beef， because it is delicious.
8. for表示“因为（语气比because弱）”。如：
You'd better put on your sweater， for it's cold outside.
9. so表示“所以”。如：
My mother worked last night， so I went shopping by myself.
【注】在英语中，because和so的用法与中文中的“因为……，所以……”结构不同，它们不能同时出现在一个句子中，即如果句子中用了because，就不能再用so；反之，如果用了so，前面就不能用because。10. since表示“从……开始”。如：
I have played the piano since I was five years old.
11. until/till表示“直到……；直到……才……（not … until … 结构）”。如：
I won't go to bed until my mother comes back.
12. if表示“如果”。如：
If you can do it, so can I.
If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules. 考点精析考查介词、连词在句子中的正确运用考点【例1】Read and fill. 用适当的介词填空。
1. The book is made __________ wood.
2. The table is made __________ wood.
3. The fan is made __________ China.
4. The model plane is made __________ Tom. 解析：本题考查介词的运用。be made后面接上不同的介词，所表达的意思不同。be made of和be made from都是指“由什么制成”，但是be made of指从制成品可以直接清楚地看出原材料是什么；be made from指从制成品看不出原材料是什么；be made in指“在哪里制造”；be made by指“由谁制造”。
答案：1. 2. 3. 4.
fromof inby【例2】Read and choose. 单项填空。
（ ）1. Birds can fly in the sky __________ they can't swim in the water.
A. and B. but C. or
（ ）2. He has four pens. __________ he doesn't use them.
A. But B. And C. Or
（ ）3. Hurry up， __________ you'll be late for school.
A. and B. or C. so 解析：考查连词的运用。but（但是）表示转折关系；and（和）表示并列关系；or（或者）表示选择关系；so（所以）表示因果关系。第1题分析句意，横线前后两句的意思有转折的意味，因此只能用连词but。第2题根据句意“他有四支钢笔，但是他从来都不用”可知表转折，因此正确答案是A。第3题根据句意“快点，否则你上学就迟到了”，只有or才有“否则；要不然”的意思，因此正确答案是B。
答案：1. 2. 3.
BA B举一反三一、Read and fill. 用适当的介词填空。1. A：What are you looking _____？
B：My dog. I can't find it.
2. The girl always looks _____ the dog. She is very kind.
3. Look _____ the blackboard, children.
4. You can look _____ the dictionary and you'll know the meaning of it.
5. Look __________ you go across the road.forafteratupbefore二、Read and fill. 用适当的连词填空。1. I like music _____ art.
2. The shirt is nice， _____ it's too expensive for me.
3. I don't like winter __________ it's so cold.
4. _____ you and your sister can go hiking with us.
5. _____ you want to get good grades, you should study hard.andbutbecauseBothIf过关检测一、Read and fill. 在下列横线上填上适当的介词。1. _____ autumn 2. _____ the middle
3. _____ subway 4. _____ train
5. _____ Monday 6. be interested _____
7. _____ Chinese 8. listen _____
9. do well _____ 10. be good _____
inbyoninin inbyintoat11. play _____ us 12. help him _____ English
13. wait _____ 14. _____ July
15. live _____ Hainan 16. a cup _____ tea
17. _____ time 18. put _____ your coat
19. agree _____ 20. _____ the gate _____ the schoolwithwithforininofon/inonwithatof二、Read and choose. 单项填空。（ ）1. Cloud is __________ vapour （水蒸气）.
A. from B. in C. on
（ ）2. There is a river __________ the two villages.
A. on B. between C. in the middle
（ ）3. It's time __________ go to school.
A. to B. for C. up
（ ）4. Look __________ the boy. He's playing __________ his pet cat.
A. in； of B. on； to C. at； with
（ ）5. Can you count __________ one __________ one thousand？
A. from； to B. from； in C. in； ofABACA（ ）6. Who's the girl __________ a small mouth？
A. in B. with C. for
（ ）7. I study English hard，__________ English is very important.
A. so B. because C. until
（ ）8. Use your head，__________ you will find a way.
A. and B. or C. but
（ ）9. Because he is the shortest one in his class，__________ he
sits in the front of the classroom.
A. so B. but C. /
（ ）10. I have stayed in Guangdong__________ I was ten.
A. then B. since C. butBBACB三、Read and fill. 根据句意或中文提示，用适当的介词或连词填空。1. Sarah is __________ the USA. She is an American girl.
2. Look！The cat is __________ （在……下面） the desk.
3. I can't leave my house __________ （直到） my mother comes
back.
4. A：Are you looking __________ her English book？
B：Yes. But I can't find it anywhere.
fromunderuntilfor5. Amy's birthday is __________ September 14th.
6. My teacher is strict __________ me.
7. This T-shirt is different __________ that one.
8. Chen Jie sits __________ the middle __________ the living room.
9. Amy is behind Sarah. Sarah is __________ Amy.
10. He is playing football， __________ it starts to rain. onwithfrominofin front ofbut
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。介词后面一般会接上名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作为它的宾语。二、介词的分类及用法
（一）表示位置的介词
1. at, in, on, to
（1）表示在小地方。如：He arrived at the station.
（2）表示“在……附近、旁边”。如：He is sitting at the desk.
（1）表示在大地方。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
（2）表示“在……范围之内”。如：
Guangdong is in the southeast of China.
on：表示“毗邻；接壤”。如：Russia lies on the north of China.
to：表示“在……范围外；不接壤”。如：
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.atin2. above, over, on
above：表示“在……上方”，不强调是否正对，与 below相对应。
如：The bird is flying above my head.
over：表示“在……正上方”，与under相对应，与物体之间不直接接触。
如：There is a bridge over the river.
on：表示在某物体上面并与之接触，其对应词也是under。如：
His watch is on the desk.
3. under, below
under：表示“在……正下方”。如：There is a cat under the table.
below：表示“在……下面”，但不一定在正下方。如：
Please write your name below the line. 4. near, beside, next to, by
near：指空间或时间上“不远的；接近的”。如：
My aunt lives quite near.
beside：表示“在……旁边”，一般指空间上。如：
A football is beside the door.
next to：表示“紧挨着；与……紧靠的”。如：
There is a bus station next to No.13 Middle School.
by：表示“在附近”，其用法介乎beside和next to之间。如：
Come and sit by my side.
Some people are fishing by the lake. 5. in front of, behind
in front of：表示“在……前面”。如：
A boy is standing in front of the house.
behind：表示“在……后面”。如：
There is a basketball behind the door. 6. on the left, on the right, in the middle, between …（and）, among
on the left：表示“在……左边”。如：The bookstore is on the left.
on the right：表示“在……右边”。如：
The hospital is on the right of the library.
in the middle：表示“在……中间”。如：
The car is in the middle of the road.
between …（and）： 表示“在……（和……）之间”。如：
There is a tree between the two houses.
Dongguan is between Shenzhen and Guangzhou.
among：表示“在（三个或三个以上的人或事物）之间”。如：
The teacher is standing among the students. （二）表示时间的介词
1. in， on， at
in：表示一段时间，常与表示月份、季节、年份的词连用或与上午、
下午、晚上等词连用，构成固定短语。如：
in August, in summer, in 2010, in the morning/afternoon/evening
on：表示在星期几，具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
如：on Sunday， on May 2nd, on Monday evening
at：表示在某一具体时刻或用在固定短语中。如：at six, at night2. in, after
in：“in+一段时间”表示在将来的一段时间的以后。如：
My mother will come back in three days.
after：“after+一段时间”表示在过去的一段时间的以后。如：
He arrived after five months.
“after+将来的时间点”表示在将来的某一时刻以后。如：
She will come after five o'clock this afternoon.
3. before， after
before和after都表示时间的先后顺序，before意为“在……之前”，after意为“在……之后”。如：
before breakfast/lunch
before 7 o'clock
after lunch
after school（三）表示位移方向的介词
1. across： 表示“横过”，即从物体的表面通过，与on相似。如：
She swam across the river.
2. through： 表示“穿过”，即从物体内部穿过，与in相似。如：
He walked through the forest.
3. into： 表示“进入……”。如：Little Peter ran into the house.（四）表示其他意义的介词
1. by表示“用……方法、手段”，或表示“用某种交通工具”。如：
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
My father goes to the USA by plane.
2. with表示“用……工具、手段”，一般接具体的工具或手段。如：
He broke the window with a stone.
We can see with our eyes and smell with our noses.
3. in表示“用……方式；用……语言、语调；穿着……”等。如：
Please say it in English.
Mary is in red today.4. for
（1）表示“给……”。如：This present is for you.
（2）表示“为了……”。如：Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.
（3）表示“作为……”。如：We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.
5. to
（1）表示“到……”。如：Take your sport shoes to the PE class.
（2）表示“致……”。如：Happy birthday to you！
6. from表示“来自”。如：I'm from China.＝I come from China.
7. from … to … 指“从……到……”。如：
Line up from shorter to taller.
We have classes from Monday to Friday.
8. of 表示“……的”。如：This is a map of China. 三、介词短语
介词短语指的是某一个介词固定与其他代词或名词或词组搭配，表达某一个固定的意思。以下为小学阶段学过的介词短语汇总：1. 动词＋介词
agree with 同意 ask for 要求 belong to 属于
get on 上（车） get off 下（车） get to 到达
hold on 等一等 listen to 听 look at 看
look after 照顾 look for寻找 look up 查找
look like 看上去像 be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料） put on 穿上
put off 推迟 wait for 等待 want to想要
put away 收拾 worry about 为……担忧2. be+形容词＋介词
be afraid of 害怕 be angry with 生气
be close to 接近于 be famous for 因……出名
be full of 充满 be good at 擅长于
be proud of 为……感到自豪 be short of 缺乏
be late for 迟到…… be sorry for 对……抱歉
be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be different from 与……不同3. 介词＋其他词
after school 放学后 at first 首先 at last 最后
at least 至少 in English 用英语 by oneself 独自
by the way 顺便提一下 for example例如 in time 及时
on time 准时；按时 on holiday 在度假
from now on 从现在开始 from … to … 从……到……四、连词的概念
连词是用来连接词、短语和句子的虚词，表示它们之间的关系，不能单独使用。五、常见连词及其用法
1. and表示“和”。如：
I like cabbages and carrots.
2. both … and … 表示“……和……（两者）都……”。如：
Both you and I are in Class Six this year.
3. not only … but also … 表示“不仅……而且……”。如：
Mike is not only good at basketball but also good at football.
4. or表示“或者；是……，还是……；否则”。常用于连接疑问句或否定句中的并列成分。如：
Would you like milk or tea？
I don't have a sister or a brother.
It's cold today. Put on your sweater, or you will have a cold.
5. either … or … 表示“或者……或者……”。如：
Put it either in the desk or in the schoolbag.
6. but表示“但是”。如：
I try my best， but I can't do it well. 7. because表示“因为”。如：
I like beef， because it is delicious.
8. for表示“因为（语气比because弱）”。如：
You'd better put on your sweater， for it's cold outside.
9. so表示“所以”。如：
My mother worked last night， so I went shopping by myself.
【注】在英语中，because和so的用法与中文中的“因为……，所以……”结构不同，它们不能同时出现在一个句子中，即如果句子中用了because，就不能再用so；反之，如果用了so，前面就不能用because。10. since表示“从……开始”。如：
I have played the piano since I was five years old.
11. until/till表示“直到……；直到……才……（not … until … 结构）”。如：
I won't go to bed until my mother comes back.
12. if表示“如果”。如：
If you can do it, so can I.
If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules. 考点精析考查介词、连词在句子中的正确运用考点【例1】Read and fill. 用适当的介词填空。
1. The book is made __________ wood.
2. The table is made __________ wood.
3. The fan is made __________ China.
4. The model plane is made __________ Tom. 解析：本题考查介词的运用。be made后面接上不同的介词，所表达的意思不同。be made of和be made from都是指“由什么制成”，但是be made of指从制成品可以直接清楚地看出原材料是什么；be made from指从制成品看不出原材料是什么；be made in指“在哪里制造”；be made by指“由谁制造”。
答案：1. 2. 3. 4.
fromof inby【例2】Read and choose. 单项填空。
（ ）1. Birds can fly in the sky __________ they can't swim in the water.
A. and B. but C. or
（ ）2. He has four pens. __________ he doesn't use them.
A. But B. And C. Or
（ ）3. Hurry up， __________ you'll be late for school.
A. and B. or C. so 解析：考查连词的运用。but（但是）表示转折关系；and（和）表示并列关系；or（或者）表示选择关系；so（所以）表示因果关系。第1题分析句意，横线前后两句的意思有转折的意味，因此只能用连词but。第2题根据句意“他有四支钢笔，但是他从来都不用”可知表转折，因此正确答案是A。第3题根据句意“快点，否则你上学就迟到了”，只有or才有“否则；要不然”的意思，因此正确答案是B。
答案：1. 2. 3.
BA B举一反三一、Read and fill. 用适当的介词填空。1. A：What are you looking _____？
B：My dog. I can't find it.
2. The girl always looks _____ the dog. She is very kind.
3. Look _____ the blackboard, children.
4. You can look _____ the dictionary and you'll know the meaning of it.
5. Look __________ you go across the road.forafteratupbefore二、Read and fill. 用适当的连词填空。1. I like music _____ art.
2. The shirt is nice， _____ it's too expensive for me.
3. I don't like winter __________ it's so cold.
4. _____ you and your sister can go hiking with us.
5. _____ you want to get good grades, you should study hard.andbutbecauseBothIf过关检测一、Read and fill. 在下列横线上填上适当的介词。1. _____ autumn 2. _____ the middle
3. _____ subway 4. _____ train
5. _____ Monday 6. be interested _____
7. _____ Chinese 8. listen _____
9. do well _____ 10. be good _____
inbyoninin inbyintoat11. play _____ us 12. help him _____ English
13. wait _____ 14. _____ July
15. live _____ Hainan 16. a cup _____ tea
17. _____ time 18. put _____ your coat
19. agree _____ 20. _____ the gate _____ the schoolwithwithforininofon/inonwithatof二、Read and choose. 单项填空。（ ）1. Cloud is __________ vapour （水蒸气）.
A. from B. in C. on
（ ）2. There is a river __________ the two villages.
A. on B. between C. in the middle
（ ）3. It's time __________ go to school.
A. to B. for C. up
（ ）4. Look __________ the boy. He's playing __________ his pet cat.
A. in； of B. on； to C. at； with
（ ）5. Can you count __________ one __________ one thousand？
A. from； to B. from； in C. in； ofABACA（ ）6. Who's the girl __________ a small mouth？
A. in B. with C. for
（ ）7. I study English hard，__________ English is very important.
A. so B. because C. until
（ ）8. Use your head，__________ you will find a way.
A. and B. or C. but
（ ）9. Because he is the shortest one in his class，__________ he
sits in the front of the classroom.
A. so B. but C. /
（ ）10. I have stayed in Guangdong__________ I was ten.
A. then B. since C. butBBACB三、Read and fill. 根据句意或中文提示，用适当的介词或连词填空。1. Sarah is __________ the USA. She is an American girl.
2. Look！The cat is __________ （在……下面） the desk.
3. I can't leave my house __________ （直到） my mother comes
back.
4. A：Are you looking __________ her English book？
B：Yes. But I can't find it anywhere.
fromunderuntilfor5. Amy's birthday is __________ September 14th.
6. My teacher is strict __________ me.
7. This T-shirt is different __________ that one.
8. Chen Jie sits __________ the middle __________ the living room.
9. Amy is behind Sarah. Sarah is __________ Amy.
10. He is playing football， __________ it starts to rain. onwithfrominofin front ofbut