2019小升初英语总复习课件:名词

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名称 2019小升初英语总复习课件:名词
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更新时间 2019-05-14 09:49:59

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课件37张PPT。第二篇 专项提升第二部分 词类梳理第一节 名 词知识梳理一、名词的概念
表示人、物、事、时、地等实体或抽象概念的词叫作名词。
名词专有名词:表示国家、人名、地名、组织、机构、语言、月份、星
期、节日等的专有名称,首字母要大写。如:China,
Mike, Beijing, World Trade Organization(WTO),English,
March, Sunday, Teachers' Day二、名词的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词。如:girl, lake, book集体名词。如:family, class, police不可数名词物质名词。如:milk, rice, bread抽象名词。如:homework, news, weather 1. 可数名词的单数形式前面要用a/an, 表示特指的时候,前面要用the,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
I can see a cat in the tree.
Could you please give me an orange?
The girl is a Chinese.
2. 不可数名词不能按个数来计算,前面不能加 a/an, 但是特指时,也要加 the,在句子中谓语动词对应地要用单数形式。如:
No news is good news.
There is lots of rice in the bag.
The milk in the bottle is fresh.
【注】不可数名词不能用 many 表示“许多”,而要用much 或者 lots of 等来表示。
3. 集体名词中有的词只能当复数看待。如:
The Chinese people are hard-working.
The police are looking for the lost boy.
【注】也有些集体名词被看作一个整体时,其谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,但若强调构成这个集体的各个成员时,其谓语动词应用复数形式。这类词包括family, class, team, group等。如:
My family is a large one.
My family are watching TV now. 三、可数名词的复数变化规则
1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化。
(1)一般情况下在末尾直接加-s。如:map→maps, bag→bags
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词,在末尾加-es。如:bus→buses,
box→boxes,dish→dishes,watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es。如:family→families,fly→flies
【注】以元音字母加y结尾的名词,y不变,直接在末尾加-s。如:boy→boys, monkey→monkeys (4) 以o结尾的名词,变复数时, 一般情况下在末尾加-s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos, zoo→zoos
【注】小学阶段有两个以o结尾的名词,变复数时,要在末尾加-es。它们是:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
(5) 以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为-ves。如:half→halves,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,wolf→wolves
2. 可数名词复数形式的不规则变化。
(1) 单复数同形。如:deer→deer,sheep→sheep,fish→fish
(2) oo变为ee。如:foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese
【注】book, school等词变复数时,直接在末尾加-s。 如:book→books, school→schools (3) a 变为e。如:man→men,woman→women
【注】由man,woman 构成的复合词,也要如此变化。如:a man doctor→six men doctors,a woman teacher→nine women teachers
(4) 加词尾变复数。如: child→children, ox→oxen
(5) 特殊变化。如: mouse→mice
(6) 表示“某国人”的名词变复数时,其变化规则有如下窍门:
中日不变英法变,有man,woman 的变men, women (German除外),其余后面加-s。如:Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
Englishman→Englishmen Englishwoman→Englishwomen
Frenchman→Frenchmen Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen
American→Americans German→Germans四、不可数名词的计量方法
1. much/some/a little/little/a lot of/lots of/plenty of等修饰词+不可数名词。如:
some water a little milk a lot of money
2. 一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。如:
a piece of news two pieces of advice a glass of wine
three cups of tea a drop of water three bottles of milk
【注】这种形式用在句子中,谓语动词的形式随量词的变化而变化。如:
There are three cups of tea on the tea table.
A drop of water drops on my head. 五、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示人或物的所属关系,意为“……的”。所有格的形式有以下几种:
1. 's属格
由名词后加's或'构成,多用来表示有生命的人或动物的所属关系。其用法如下:
(1)用于有生命的名词之后。如:
Mary's coat my sister's room the ducks' food
【注】①若名词已是复数形式,词尾又是s,只加 '。如:
the girls' dresses the boys' ball
②若一样事物为两人共有,则在后一个人名用所有格表示。如:
Amy and Ann's mother 艾米和安的妈妈 (说明Amy和Ann是亲姐妹,她们的妈妈是同一个人)
③如果不是两人共有,而是各自所有,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后的名词应为复数形式。如:
Amy's and Ann's mothers艾米的妈妈和安的妈妈 (说明Amy和Ann的妈妈不是同一个人)
(2)用于表示天体的名词之后。如:
the sun's heat the moon's light
(3)用于表示时间、度量与货币的名词之后。如:
ten minutes' walk today's newspaper
(4)用于表示店铺或某人的家时,所有格后面常省略它所修饰的名词。如:
the bakery's 面包店 my grandparents' 我爷爷奶奶的家

2. of属格
“名词+of+名词”构成of属格, 多用来表示无生命的东西或事物的所属关系。如:
a map of China the door of the house
3. 双重属格
“of+名词's”构成双重属格,表示整体中的一个或部分。如:
a friend of my father's(=one of my father's friends)
a lovely baby of Mrs Green's 考点精析考查可数名词与不可数名词的分类考点1【例1】Sort and write. 将方框内的名词按要求分类,并将其字母编号写在横线上。
A. monkey B. book C. student D. milk
E. baby F. rice G. paper H. weather可数名词:____________________
不可数名词:____________________ 解析:此类题要求学生掌握可数名词与不可数名词的定义及其区分方法。可以直接用数量加以计算的是可数名词,液体、纸张、信息等物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。
答案:可数名词: 不可数名词:A B C ED F G H举一反三一、Read, tick or write. 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变为复数形式。1. homework ________ 2. half ________ 3. advice ________
4. money ________ 5. knowledge ________ 6. boot ________
7. blood ________ 8. music ________ 9. chicken ________
10. heat ________ 11. mouth ________ 12. bread ________
13. information ________ 14. milk________ 15. cow ________
16. tear ________√halvesmouths bootscows tears√√√√√√√√√√ 考查名词的分类考点2【例2】Sort and write. 仿照例子,将下列单词分类。A. China B. blue C. rabbit D. grey E. snake
F. Canada G. sheep H. tiger I. Germany J. redCountries
Colours
Animals A 解析:此类题考查学生对单词按含义或属性等方式分类的能力。 学生必须对单词的词义有充分的了解,才能将其准确归位。因而平时在记单词的时候,单词的词形、词音、词义及其用法都要用心记牢。
答案:Countries
Colours
Animals AFIBDJCEGH举一反三二、Sort and write. 将下列单词分类。Monday PE Friday Chinese English yellow
elephant red donkey green Wednesday fish1. Weekdays:_________________________________________
2. Subjects: __________________________________________
3. Colours: __________________________________________
4. Animals:__________________________________________Monday Friday WednesdayPE Chinese Englishyellow red greenelephant donkey fish 考查单词的单复数变化以及单词或词组的含义及运用考点3【例3】Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. There are four__________(child) playing football.
2. How many__________(knife) do you have? 解析:此类题考查名词的复数变化形式。第1小题There are 后跟名词的复数形式。那么child通过不规则变化得到其复数形式children。第2小题How many后跟名词的复数形式。名词复数形式的规则变化有那么一条:以f或fe结尾的单词,把f或fe变为v,再加-es,因此knife的复数形式是knives。
答案:1. 2. childrenknives举一反三三、Read and write. 写出下列单词的复数形式。1. family __________ 2. wolf _________
3. baby _________ 4. box _________
5. woman _________ 6. man ______
7. foot ______ 8. tooth _________
9. fish ______ 10. sheep __________
11. mouse ______ 12. bus ______familieswolvesbabiesboxeswomenmen feetteethfish sheepmicebuses【例4】Read and fill. 根据句意或括号内的提示,填写单词,完成句子。
1. There are four __________(季节) in a year.
2. Three and four __________ seven.
3. The fifth month of a year is __________.
4. That blue bottle is __________ (Mike). 解析:名词在句子中使用时,要考虑的不只是单词的拼写,还要考虑该名词的量,也就是其单复数,以及名词所有格等信息。第1小题要填的单词前面有数量 four,可知要填单词的复数形式,而这往往是学生最容易疏漏的地方;第2小题three 和four 所表示的都是大于1 的量,但是本题中 three and four 合成一个概念,意为“三加四”, 作不可数名词理解,所以谓语用单数形式;第3小题是一个纯粹的词义解释题;第4小题That blue bottle 和Mike 不能对应,两者只能是所属关系,故要填所有格形式。
答案:1. 2. 3. 4. seasons isMayMike's举一反三四、Read and fill. 根据中文提示,填写单词,完成句子。1. The elephant has two long _________ (牙齿).
2. ______________ (教师节) is on Sept. 10th.
3. I have lots of ______________________(番茄和土豆) here. teethTeachers' Daytomatoes and potatoes【例5】Read and choose. 趣味英语选择。
( )1. A word has all the 26 letters in it. It is “__________”.
A. family B. book C. alphabet
( )2. “Don't play a double game. It's not good.”中画线部分的中文意思
是__________。
A. 说双关语 B. 耍两面派 C. 玩双重游戏
解析:这类题类似于脑筋急转弯,题目可能以这样的单选形式出现,也可能在短文阅读中出现。建议在平时的学习和阅读中多积累。
答案:1. 2. CB举一反三五、Read and fill. 趣味英语填空。1. Q:There is a saying(谚语),“Love me, love my dog.”What's
the Chinese meaning(意思)?
A:It's ____________ (in Chinese).
2. Q:Jim,Tom and Sam have seventeen apples. Jim wants one half
(二分之一) of them. Tom wants one third (三分之一) of
them. Sam wants one ninth (九分之一) of them. At last how
many apples can Sam get?
A:He can get _____ . two爱屋及乌过关检测一、Read and write. 写出下列名词的复数形式。1. class _______ 2. bus _______ 3. box ________
4. leaf ________ 5. knife ________ 6. baby _________
7. factory __________ 8. boy ______ 9. tomato __________
10. potato __________ 11. photo ________ 12. peach _________
13. sheep ________ 14. library ________ 15. man _____
16. woman _________ 17. foot ______ 18. child __________
classesbusesboxesleavesknivesbabiesfactoriesboystomatoespotatoesphotospeachessheeplibrariesmenwomenfeet children二、Read and write. 按要求各写四个名词。1. 职业:________ __________ _________ ________
2. 动物: _____ _______ ______ ________
3. 蔬菜: ________ _______ _________ ________
4. 颜色: _____ ________ _________ _______
5. 国家:_______ __________ _________ __________
6. 地点:_______ _________ _________ _______
7. 交通工具:____ _____ _______ _______
8. 课程:_________ _________ ________ ____doctorteacherstudentfarmersheepdogcatcow carroteggplant potato tomato blackred greenyellow China AmericaCanadaAustraliashopschool hospital library shipbus carplane artChinese English maths三、Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. There are some __________ (child) in the classroom.
2. Is this an _____(egg)?
3. I can see seven ________(wolf) in the zoo.
4. Look!I have two _______(box).
5. How many _________(sheep) are there in your farm?childreneggwolvesboxessheep四、Read and choose. 选出下列单词中不同类的一项。( )1. A. panda B. tiger C. giraffe D. pencil
( )2. A. schoolbag B. ruler C. plane D. eraser
( )3. A. foot B. hand C. teacher D. ears
( )4. A. guitar B. violin C. piano D. student
( )5. A. sunny B. Monday C. Tuesday D. Friday
( )6. A. tomorrow B. yesterday C. today D. summer
( )7. A. doctor B. nurse C. zebra D. policeman
( )8. A. banana B. bike C. apple D. watermelon
( )9. A. mouth B. pen C. eye D. nose
( )10. A. airport B. rainy C. museum D. hospitalDCCDADCBBB五、Read and choose. 单项填空。( )1. My name is __________.
A. Wang Xiao Lin B. Wang Xiaolin C. wang xiao lin
( )2. All the ________ in the hospital got a rise (加薪) last month.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors
( )3. Mike:Are there any __________ on the farm?
John:Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. sheep
( )4. Mike hurt one of his _______ in the accident (事故) yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. handBCCB( )5. They are thirsty. Give them __________.
A. some bottles of waters B. some water C. a water
( )6. The police __________ helpful.
A. is B. are C. am
( )7. My brother is reading __________.
A. today's a newspaper B. today's newspaper
C. today of newspaper
( )8. The girl is Susan. She is __________.
A. a friend of my sister B. my sister's a friend
C. a friend of my sister'sBCBB( )9. There are three __________ and seven __________ in the picture.
A. cows; sheeps B. cow; sheeps C. cows; sheep
( )10. My__________ skirt is so pretty.
A. sister B. sisters C. sister's
( )11. Mr Green is __________ father.
A. Jim and Jack's B. Jim's and Jack's C. Jims and Jacks
( )12. __________ rooms are both very pretty.
A. Kate's and Joan's B. Kate's and Joan C. Kate and Joan's
CACA( )13. I want to buy __________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of inks
C. two bottles of inks
( )14. “My sister has a sweet tooth.”中“has a sweet tooth”的中文意思
是“__________”。
A. 有一颗甜牙 B. 有一颗蛀牙 C. 喜欢吃甜食
( )15. “John's bedroom is at sixes and sevens.”中画线部分的中文意思
是“__________”。
A. 六神无主 B. 乱七八糟 C. 整整齐齐ACB六、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。1. This woman is a nurse. (用复数形式改写句子)
_________________________________________________________
2. There are some old cars behind the house. (用单数形式改写句子)
_________________________________________________________
3. He has a new book. (用复数形式改写句子)
_________________________________________________________
4. Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries? (用单数形式改写句子)
_________________________________________________________
5. Is there a sheep on the hill? (用复数形式改写句子)
_________________________________________________________These women are nurses.There is an old car behind the house. They have new books. Is this your English-Chinese dictionary?Are there any sheep on the hill?