2019中考英语总复习课件（人教版）：第一节名词（37张PPT）

课件37张PPT。第二部分 中考语法强化复习第一节 名 词中考考纲导航考点精讲精练名词表示人或事物的名称。
考点1 名词的分类(★☆☆)
【考点精讲】
名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。详见下表:【考题精解】
( )(2018深圳) —Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.
—That’s a good ____. Reading makes a full man.
A. dream
B. wish
C. habit
解析 本题句意:——西蒙每天睡前都会看半个小时的书。——那是个好习惯。阅读使人充实。分析三个选项:
A. 梦想;B. 愿望;C. 习惯。结合句意可知, C为正确答案。
答案 C【考题再现】
( )1. (2018青岛)Could you please put some ____ in my cup? I’d like sweet coffee.
A. sugar B. salt C. ice D. pepper
( )2. (2018安徽) —What is the ___ of your excellent spoken English?
—Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence
C. duty D. secret
( )3. (2018福建) —I don’t know how to use the App Fun Dubbing.
—Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of ____ in doing it.
A. experience B. trouble C. courageADA( )4. (2018绥化) Can you give me some ____, please?
A. message
B. suggestion
C. advice
( )5. (2018沈阳) Small cars are useful in cities with narrow ____.
A. streets
B. cinemas
C. squares
D. shopCA【考点演练】
( )6. —Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ____?
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A. bread B. noodle
C. dumpling D. hamburger
( )7. —I have great ____ in learning physics and I am so worried. Could you help me?
—Sure, I’d be glad to.
A. interest B. fun
C. question D. trouble
( )8. Thanks to modern technology, we have many other ____ to pay besides coins or paper money.
A. excuses B. ways
C. chances D. plansADB考点2 可数名词(★★★)
【考点精讲】
可数名词表示具体的数量, 可以直接用数词来修饰, 如:two apples, ten persons等。可数名词有其相应的复数形式。可数名词单数变复数的详细规则如下:附:可数名词的常用修饰语
修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有:these, those, few, a few, several, many, a good / great many, a (large / small) number of 等。【考题精解】
( )(2018新疆)Hurry up! Some ____ and ____ are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
解析 本题句意:快点！超市里有一些特价西红柿和鸡蛋。本题考查可数名词复数构成。由横线前的some可知, tomato与egg都应用复数形式。tomato是“两人两菜”之一, 故加-es; egg直接加-s。由此可知C为正确答案。
答案 C【考题再现】
( )1. (2018东营) —Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school?
—Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our ____. I love operas, so I took the Beijing Opera class.
A. grades B. talents
C. interests D. experiences
( )2. (2017邵阳)—Mum, please give me two ____. I want to make vegetable salad.
A. tomato B. tomatoes
C. tomatosCB( )3. (2017深圳)—I have __difficulty___ in learning Chinese. Could you give me some help?
—Sure. Reading a lot will help you improve your Chinese. (选出与画线部分意思相近的词组)
A. questions B. problems C. tasks
( )4. (2017江西)—Do you have any ____ for tonight yet?
—Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?
A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules
( )5. (2016天津) Every year many foreign friends come to see the ____ of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.
A. concerts B. plays
C. cartoons D. sights BCD【考点演练】
( )6. You can find many ___ about the famous film star on the Internet.
A. news B. pictures
C. tickets D. information
( )7. We should clean ____ twice a day.
A. our tooth B. our tooths
C. our teeths D. our teeth
( )8. —Could you please tell me something about the two _____?
—All right. They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.
A. Japaneses B. Frenchmans
C. Canadian D. GermansBDD( )9. —There are so many ____ over there. What’s happening?
—Let’s go to have a look.
A. flower B. car
C. child D. people
( )10. Look at these ____ of ____.
A. photos; potatos B. photoes; potatoes
C. photoes; potatos D. photos; potatoesDD考点3 不可数名词(★★★)
【考点精讲】附1:修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等。注意:有些名词既可作可数名词, 又可作不可数名词, 常考的有:附2:有些修饰语既可修饰复数可数名词, 又可修饰不可数名词, 如all, some, any, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large)quantity of 等。此外, this, that既可修饰单数可数名词, 又可以修饰不可数名词;the则接单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词均可。【考题精解】
( )(2018广东)The three ____ upstairs are too small to have enough____ for a double bed.
A. room; room B. room; rooms
C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms
解析 本题句意:楼上的三个房间都太小了, 没有足够的空间放一张双人床。从第一条横线前的three可知, 横线上所缺词意为“房间”, 而不是“空间”, 故填rooms。结合上下文, 可知第二条横线上所缺词意为“空间”而不是“房间”, 故填room。由此可知C为正确答案。
答案 C【考题再现】
( )1. (2018东营)—Let’s see what food you’ve got for dinner.
—Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and ____.
A. milk B. bread
C. coffee D. juice
( )2. (2018黄冈) —I’m thirsty, Mum. I’d like something to drink.
—We only have some ____ in the fridge.
A. oranges B. ice-cream
C. juice D. cheese BC( )3. (2017广东)Daniel has tried to lose ____ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.
A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights
( )4. (2017山西)You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your _____.
A. shyness B. politeness
C. quietness
( )5. (2017武汉) —I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric.
—Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand _____ on prices.
A. news B. knowledge
C. information D. educationABC【考点演练】
( )6. Don’t worry. We have ____ time to finish the job.
A. many B. plenty of
C. a lot D. a number of
( )7. —The water in glass is sweet. Did you put any _____ in it ?
—Yes. I added some to it just now.
A. sugar B. salt
C. oil D. riceBA( )8. I’m so hungry. Please give me ____ to eat.
A. three meat B. three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of meats D. several bread
( )9. —Mum, can I have _______ grapes and oranges?
—Sorry, dear. We only have ____ orange juice.
A. some; a few B. a few; some
C. a little; few D. a little; a few
( )10. I am going to the supermarket to buy some ____ this afternoon.
A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana
C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoonsBBC考点4 名词所有格(★★☆)
【考点精讲】
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系, 连接两个名词, 共有四类:-’s所有格、of所有格、双重所有格、特殊所有格。【考题精解】
( )(2018广西北部湾)The woman in a hat is ____ aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack’s and John
C. Jack’s and John’s D. Jack and John’s
解析 本题句意:戴着一顶帽子的女人是杰克和约翰的阿姨。本题考查名词所有格。题目中的 woman是单数形式, 表明是一个人, 即Jack和John的阿姨是同一个人。在名词所有格中, 表示共同拥有时, 选项 D的表达才是正确的。
答案 D【考题再现】
( )1. (2018安顺)—Excuse me! Is this____ new house?
—Yes, it’s ____. The parents of them bought it last September.
A. Lucy and Lily’s; theirs B. Lucy’s and Lily’s; them
C. Lucy’s and Lily’s; theirs D. Lucy and Lily’s; them
( )2. (2017白银) “It depends on my ____ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.
A. children B. children’s
C. child D. child’sAB( )3. (2017临沂) Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of _____.
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
( )4. (2017乌鲁木齐) ____ students went to the university to listen to the ____ speech.
A. Thousand of; 120-minutes
B. Thousands of; 120-minutes
C. Two thousands; 120-minutes
D. Two thousand; 120-minute
( )5. (2016乌鲁木齐)—It’s easy to travel from Urumuqi to Lanzhou by taking high-speed railway.
—Yes. It’s only ____.
A. eight hours ride B. eight hour’s ride
C. eight-hours ride D. eight hours’ rideDDD【考点演练】
( )6. Knowledge can help open up the ____ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
A. students’ B. student’s
C. students D. student’
( )7. Mary’s blouse is the same as her ____.
A. sisters B. brother
C. brothers D. sister’s
( )8. ____ fathers can’t go to the meeting because they have gone to New York on business.
A. Grace and Vera’s B. Grace’s and Vera’s
C. Grace’s and Vera D. Grace and VeraADB( )9. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _____ Day.
A. Woman B. Women
C. Woman’s D. Women’s
( )10. _____ bedroom is empty. What happened?
A. Lucy and Lily’s
B. Lucy’s and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily
D. Lucy and LilyDA中考真题集锦( )1. (2018白银)In every ____ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument
C. attention D. blackboard
( )2. (2018兰州)If the temperature is below 0°C, water will turn into ____ in the open air.
A. ice B. steam C. fog D. rain
( )3. (2018贺州) —It’s so hot today. Would you like something to drink?
—Yes. I would like some ____.
A. rice B. dumplings
C. water D. beefAAC( )4. (2018玉林)—Hey, boys. Look at the falling ____.
—Well, it’s telling us that autumn is coming.
A. leaf B. leafs
C. leafes D. leaves
( )5. (2018河北)Did you hear the ___? A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news
C. praise D. choice
( )6. (2018恩施州) —My dear, you have made ___ in your English this term. Well done!
—Thank you, Mum. I will keep on working hard.
A. a progress B. progress
C. progressesDBB( )7. (2018黄石)In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a ____ of China.
A. subject B. symbol
C. sign D. spirit
( )8. (2018武汉)—Kate, I’m going shopping. Anything to buy for you?
—Yes, that will save me a ____.
A. hand B. trip
C. visit D. bill
( )9. (2018咸宁)—Could you give me a few ____ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?
—OK, let me see.
A. hobbies B. suggestions
C. knowledge D. informationBBB( )10. (2018襄阳)—Mum, I’m thirteen now. Can I ride a bike to school?
—Yes, you can. But you must follow the traffic ____ on the way.
A. rules B. plans
C. safety D. accident
( )11. (2018孝感)—Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?
—Either is OK, it makes no ____ to me.
A. mistake B. promise
C. difference D. decisionAC( )12. (2018宜昌)—The best ___ to come to Yichang is spring.
—I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable.
A. environment B. journey
C. temperature D. season
( )13. (2018盐城)Please give me some ____ on how to spend the coming weekend.
A. space B. advice
C. praise D. courageDB( )14. (2018通辽)In China, there are more ____ in primary schools than in high schools.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teachers
( )15. (2018凉山州)Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three ____ and four ____.
A. German; American
B. Germans; American
C. Germans; Americans
D. German; AmericansBC