2019中考英语总复习课件（人教版）：第十三节简单句和复合句(47张PPT)

课件47张PPT。第二部分 中考语法强化复习第十三节 简单句和复合句中考考纲导航考点精讲精练句子按其结构可分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。本节我们将重点阐述中考最常涉及的复合句——宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。在此之前先了解一下简单句、并列句和主从复合句的定义。
一、简单句
简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
二、并列复合句
由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立分句的句子叫作并列复合句, 简称并列句。
三、主从复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成的句子叫作主从复合句。中考对主从复合句的考查主要为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。考点1 简单句(★★★)
【考点精讲】
简单句的五种基本句型如下:【考题精解】
( )(2018兰州)Neither Tom nor I ____ interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
解析 本题句意:汤姆和我对玩微信都不感兴趣。本题考查的是由neither...nor...连接的两个并列的主语的简单句。neither...nor...连接的两个并列的主语, 谓语动词采取“就近原则”, 也就是谓语动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。根据句意和横线前的 I可知, 应填am。
答案 A【考题再现】
( )1. (2018绥化)Neither you nor he ____ good at drawing.
A. are B. is C. be
( )2. (2018贵州)Parents should always tell their kids ____ with strangers.
A. not to talk B. not talking
C. to not talk D. not talk
( )3. (2018哈尔滨)—I want to take part in after-class activities.
—So do I. I think these activities can make us feel ____.
A. relax B. relaxing C. relaxedBAC( )4. (2018襄阳)—Is your brother at home? I want to tell him about our picnic.
—Oh, he is out at the moment. Can I ____ a message for him?
A. find B. give
C. take D. tell
( )5. (2018新疆)—Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it? —Thank you. It ____ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid
C. cost D. takeCC【考点演练】
( )6. There ____ some beef in the fridge. Let’s make some beef noodles.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( )7. The food is free. You don’t have to ____ it.
A. look for B. pay for
C. ask for D. wait for
( )8. Mr Smith told his son ____ the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch B. to not watch
C. not watching D. doesn’t watchBBA( )9. —Mr Miller, I am afraid that I can’t finish the work in a week.
—My boy, be brave and tell yourself ____.
A. don’t give up B. not give up
C. not to give up D. to give up
( )10. This book is ____ for students to read.
A. enough easy B. easily enough
C. easy enough D. enough easilyCC考点2 宾语从句(★★★)
【考点精讲】
1. 定义:在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。
2. 宾语从句三要素:【考题精解】
( )(2018广东)—Could you tell me ____ you’d like me to pay you?
—You’d better use mobile payment. I don’t care ____ it is Ali Pay or WeChat Pay.
A. how; whether B. how; why
C. what; whether D. what; why
解析 本题句意:——你可以告诉我你想要我用哪种方式付款给你吗？——你最好用手机进行支付。支付宝或微信都行。本题考查宾语从句。结合上下文可知, 问句中的从句是宾语从句, 且问的是方式, 故排除C、D两个选项。答语也是一个宾语从句, 宾语从句的引导词后面有or时, 只能用whether。故A为正确答案。
答案 A【考题再现】
( )1. (2018北京)—Alice, could you tell me ___ London?
—Sure. Last Sunday.
A. when Mr Smith left
B. when Mr Smith will leave
C. when did Mr Smith leave
D. when will Mr Smith leave
( )2. (2018海南)—Your handbag looks nice. Could you please tell me ____?
—In Taobao.
A. where did you buy it B. where you bought it
C. when you bought itAB( )3. (2018连云港)—Do you know ____?
—On July 15th. So after the exam, you can enjoy most of the matches.
A. when will the 2018 Football World Cup end
B. when the 2018 Football World Cup will end
C. where will the 2018 Football World Cup be held
D. where the 2018 Football World Cup will be held
( )4. (2018苏州)—Do you know ____?
—We can try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things.
A. why can we live a green life
B. how can we live a green life
C. why we can live a green life
D. how we can live a green lifeBD( )5. (2018无锡)—I don’t care ____. In this camp, there’s only one hairstyle—short! Understand?
—Yes, madam!
A. what you are used to liking
B. what you used to be like
C. what are you used to liking
D. what did you use to be like
( )6. (2017广东)—Do you know ____ yesterday?
—Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why didn’t Peter go to school
B. why doesn’t Peter go to school
C. why Peter didn’t go to school
D. why Peter doesn’t go to schoolBC【考点演练】
( )7. —Do you know _____ Ann goes to work every day？
—Usually by underground.
A. why B. how
C. when D. whether
( )8. —Please tell me ____ the scarf?
—She bought it online, I guess.
A. if Alice liked
B. when Alice bought
C. where Alice bought
D. how much did Alice pay forBC( )9. Father’s Day is coming. I’m thinking about ____.
A. what present should I give him
B. where we had a big meal
C. how I will give him a surprise
D. if am I going to plan a party for him
( )10. —I wonder ____.
—It’s about an unusual experience of a little girl.
A. who wrote the book
B. what the book is about
C. how I can get the book
D. Where did you buy the bookCB( )11. —I am worried about ____.
—Whatever the result is, don’t be too hard on yourself.
A. how have I prepared for my final exams
B. if I can get great grades in the final exams
C. that my school team lost the game because of my fault D. why did my school team lose the game
( )12. —Could you tell me _____?
—Sure. It’s near the bank on the other side of the street.
A. how is the way to the zoo
B. which the way is to the zoo
C. where the way to the zoo was
D. the way to the zooBD考点3 状语从句(★★★)
【考点精讲】
1. 定义:在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子称为状语从句。
2. 状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等几种类型。具体如下:3. 状语从句的位置:状语从句可放在主句之前, 用逗号与其隔开, 也可放在主句之后。4. “主将从现”与时态呼应的情形:【考题精解】
( )(2018恩施州)—Do you think if Robert will go to the zoo tomorrow?
—I think he will go if he ____ too much homework.
A. don’t have B. won’t have C. doesn’t have
解析 本题句意:——你觉得罗伯特明天是否会去动物园？——我认为如果他没有太多的作业, 他会去的。本题考查含有条件状语从句的复合句。答语是宾语从句, 而宾语从句中含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中, 如果主句和从句的动作均发生在将来, 则主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。句中主句中用到will go, 且条件状语从句的主语为he, 则从句填doesn’t have。故C为正确答案。
答案 C【考题再现】
( )1. (2018重庆A卷)It’s hard for us to say goodbye ___ we have so many happy days to remember.
A. so B. because
C. although D. until
( )2. (2018苏州)—Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station?
—Walk straight on ____ you see a white building. It’s right there.
A. though B. since
C. until D. ifBC( )3. (2018包头)Air pollution will remain a problem for a long time, ____ we have done a lot to solve it.
A. though B. since
C. unless D. if
( )4. (2018孝感)____ Square Dancing is good exerci-se for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of noise.
A. If B. Although
C. Until D. BecauseAB( )5. (2018临沂)When you are in your school dining hall during lunchtime, you may feel lonely ____ you can find someone to have lunch with.
A. if B. unless
C. after D. because
( )6. (2017广东)Johnson won’t answer the phone if he ____ the number.
A. knew B. doesn’t know
C. will know D. didn’t knowBB【考点演练】
( )7. I sent the letter early that morning _____ she got it that afternoon.
A. so that B. in order that
C. so as to D. in order to
( )8. _____ Jim’s advice was valuable, _____ John turned a deaf ear to it.
A. Although; but B. Even if; so
C. As long as; / D. Though; /AD( )9. —I want to know if he ____ to play basketball with us.
—I think he will come if he ____ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will be
( )10. —I wonder when he ____ in Harvard University.
—He will e-mail you as soon as he ____ there.
A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; gets
C. will arrive; will get D. arrive; getsCB( )11. Tina is ___ nervous ____ she can’t say a word.
A. such; that B. too; to
C. so; that D. enough; to
( )12. —Dad, please tell me when Mum ____. I miss her very much.
—She will return when she ____ her job done. And she will bring a nice present for you.
A. returns; gets B. returns; will get
C. will return; gets D. will return; will getCC考点4 定语从句(★★★)
【考点精讲】
1. 定义:在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
2. 结构:一般为含先行词的主句＋关系词引导的定语从句。
3. 引导定语从句的关系代词:
关系代词that, which, who(宾格为whom, 所有格为whose), 位于先行词及定语从句之间起联系作用, 同时又作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语等成分。4. 关系词的区别运用:
(1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜欢那些有自己教学风格的老师。(who作主语, 指人, 可用that代替, 不可省略)
(2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是萨拉爱的男人。(who作宾语, 指人, 可用whom或that替换, 也可省略)
(3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在书店买的那本小说很精彩。(which作宾语, 指物, 可用that替换, 也可省略。若作主语则不可省略)
(4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保罗认识那个男孩, 他的妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定语, 不可省略, 在本句中指人, 它也可指物)5. 关系词使用的特例——关系词只能用that而不宜用which的情况:【考题精解】
( )(2018黄冈)—Class, you should be thankful to those people ____ helped and supported you.
—We will, Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
解析 本题句意:——同学们, 你们应该感谢那些帮助和支持过你的人。——我们会的, 陈老师。本题考查含定语从句的复合句。当先行词为人, 且在定语从句中作主语时, 关系代词用who(非特殊情况也可用that)。本题定语从句中的先行词为“people”, 故填who。选项A用于先行词是物的情况;B用于先行词为人时, 但作宾语;D用于表先行词与其限定的名词间有所属关系时。故C为正确答案。
答案 C【考题再现】
( )1. (2018福建)Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist ____ is leading a research to develop “sea rice”.
A. who B. which
C. whom
( )2. (2018白银)I really like the family photo ____ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A. who B. that
C. what D. whoseAB( )3. (2018玉林)—Who got the First-ever Friendship Medal (友谊勋章) of China?
—It’s Putin ____ everybody knows so well in the world.
A. whom B. what
C. which D. whose
( )4. (2018咸宁)—What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV?
—It’s a great TV show ____ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.
A. whom B. who
C. whose D. thatAD( )5. (2018呼和浩特)—Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a great TV program ____ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
A. which B. that
C. what D. whose
( )6. (2018安顺)—Only You is a TV program ____ is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. that B. whose
C. what D. whoDA【考点演练】
( )7. Journey to the West is a book ____ influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular.
A. who B. when
C. which D. what
( )8. Being blind is something ___ most people can’t imagine.
A. who B. what
C. that D. whomCC( )9. Mr Smith is an excellent teacher ____ always gives us lively lessons.
A. whose B. which
C. whom D. who
( )10. One of the most delicious drinks ____ I like is orange juice.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. whom
( )11. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ____ you had with your dad yesterday.
A. what B. which
C. when D. whoDBB( )12. Phillip doesn’t know ____ he and his friends can do to help the little boy ____ parents have left their hometown for making money.
A. that; whose
B. how; who
C. what; who
D. what; whoseD中考真题集锦( )1. (2018阜新)—Jack, your T-shirt is so beautiful, could you tell me ____ it?
—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store online.
A. where did you buy B. where do you buy
C. where you buy D. where you bought
( )2. (2018黄冈)—I really want to watch Operation Red Sea (《红海行动》). Could you tell me ____?
—Sure. It’ll be on show at Town Cinema.
A. when will it be on show B. when it will be on show
C. where will it be on show D. where it will be on showDD( )3. (2018随州)Some people won’t realize the impo-rtance of their health ____ they lose it.
A. because B. after
C. when D. until
( )4. (2018哈尔滨)—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been to.
—So it is. Many international meetings are held there every year.
A. that B. which
C. whatDA( )5. (2018黄石)—I’m so sorry about yesterday.
—Don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think about ____ better next time.
A. how can we do it B. how we can do it
C. how can they do it D. how they can do it
( )6. (2018宿迁)—Could you tell me ____?
—In five minutes, at 10:25.
A. when did the next underground arrive
B. when the next underground arrived
C. when will the next underground arrive
D. when the next underground will arriveBD( )7. (2018呼和浩特)____ you must go and play foot-ball, at least wait until school is over.
A. If B. Whether
C. Unless D. So that
( )8. (2018绥化)She is a teacher ____ has much teaching experience.
A. whose B. who
C. whom
( )9. (2018无锡)He stayed up very late that night. ____ he woke up in the morning, the sun was already high up in the sky.
A. Until B. After
C. While D. AsABD( )10. (2018邵阳)The man ____ is talking to my math teacher is my father.
A. who B. which
C. what
( )11. (2018安徽)Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, ____ he is only four years old.
A.if B. though
C. for D. since
( )12. (2018随州)—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the dictionary ____ you lent me last week.
A. who B. what
C. that D. whenABC( )13. (2018武汉)—I wonder ____.
—I’m not sure yet.
A. which is hers B. which hers is
C. whether is it hers D. whether hers it is
( )14. (2018咸宁)—What did the teacher say to you?
—He asked me ____.
A. why I am late for class
B. if had I prepared my exams well
C. when did I do my homework
D. how I could design my planAD( )15. (2018襄阳)—Could you tell me ____?
—Sure, I’ll come back in three days.
A. when will you come back
B. how long have you stayed there
C. why you went there
D. how soon you will come backD