2019中考英语总复习课件（人教版）：第十四节情景交际(37张PPT)

课件37张PPT。第二部分 中考语法强化复习第十四节 情景交际中考考纲导航考点精讲精练【考点精讲】
近年来广东省中考的单项填空、完形填空等题型当中常会出现一些根据情境来选择正确答案的试题, 以此来考查学生的情景交际能力。作为一名中考考生, 一定要熟悉日常对话的话题和交际用语。比如:祝愿和应答;邀请和约会;打电话、感谢和应答;问候;介绍;告别;提供帮助;问路;看病;请求允许;谈论天气;购物;道歉和应答;劝告和建议等等。另外, 也要学会英语教学大纲中要求的常用习语与话题。一、中考情景交际题的解题思路
中英文在思维及表达方式上差异较大, 命题人常从此方面设计考题。
英语日常交际中语言是灵活多变的, 所以一定要注意根据语言环境具体问题具体分析。要做好这类题, 需从以下三个方面着手:
1. 仔细审题, 明确大意
首先要仔细审题, 即在对话不完整的情况下, 尽量弄懂小对话的中心意思和情境。2. 分析对话, 试填答案
在解题过程中, 要根据具体语境和上下文分析对话中所缺部分, 判断所缺的句子。
3. 复读对话, 融会贯通
在试填好答案之后, 应从头到尾再把小对话读一遍, 按照对话情境、中心内容推理判断。
从历年各省市的中考试卷中我们可以看出, 日常交际用语这类题目已改变了以往只考一些约定俗成的交际用语的习惯, 而是更注重在情境中理解题目。同学们光靠死记硬背, 照套语法规则是不能很好完成这一项目的测试的。因此, 在复习、记忆日常交际用语时, 不能孤立地去记忆, 而应将它们放在不同的语境中去理解记忆。二、情景交际单项填空题的解题四忌
1. 忌上词下用
上词下用指的是答句部分沿用了题干句子的重点词、信息词, 按表层意思似乎合情合理, 但往往为错误的“虚像”, 需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。避免“上词下用”误区的方法有:一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目;二是确认句子上下文语境;三是确认正确的语言表达方式。 2. 忌中文思维
与上词下用比较, 这一误区更具迷惑力, 因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑, 都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然, 掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处, 对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语, 选答案, 这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。
3. 忌直接回绝
这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助, 提出请求或邀请时, 回答过于直接, 不够委婉。尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的, 但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问话有May I...?/ Can I...?/ I wonder if I could.../ Do you mind if I...?等;“邀请”方面的问话有Will you...?/ Would you like to...?/ I’d like to invite you to...等。在作否定回答时, 为了表示礼貌和委婉, 通常要用一些委婉词, 如But, I’m afraid / I’m sorry / Thanks等。
4. 忌答非所问
按理说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉, 如果问话与答话的内容风马牛不相及的话, 学生可以迅速排除。不过有时双方会话内容有所关联, 但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是With pleasure和It’s a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答, 表示“没问题, 非常愿意”;后者一般在事后回答, 表示“不必谢;不用客气”。三、常用的情景交际用语
1. 表示问候、介绍与告别
(1) 常见的问候用语有:Good morning(afternoon / evening). / Hello(Hi)！ / How do you do？ / Nice to see(meet) you. / How are you？等。答语可以是别人怎么打招呼, 你也怎么回答, 如Good morning(afternoon / evening). / Hello(Hi)！ / How do you do？ / Nice to see(meet)you.等。How are you？的回答一般是Fine, thank you. And you?或者Very well, thank you. 如:—How are you these days, Mary? 玛丽, 你这些天怎么样？
—Fine, Thank you. And you, Tom? 很好, 谢谢你。汤姆, 你呢？
(2)常见的介绍用语有:This is...;My / His / Her name is...等。
(3)常见的告别用语有:Goodbye！ / See you later！ / Good night！等。
2. 感谢、祝愿与同情遗憾
(1) 当别人帮了你或赞扬你时, 你应该表示感谢。常用的感谢用语有:Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks. / Thanks for...等。答语有:My pleasure. / That’s all right. / You are welcome. / Not at all. / Don’t mention it.等。如:—Thank you for sending me home tonight. 谢谢你今晚送我回家。
—My pleasure. 乐意之至。
(2)当别人要去做一件事或者有喜事时, 你应该表示祝愿。常用的祝愿用语有:Good luck！ / Best wishes to you！ / Have a nice time! / Congratulations! / Happy birthday to you!等。答语有:Thank you. / The same to you.等。如:
—I will take a trip to America next week. 下周我将去美国旅行。
—Have a nice time. 玩得开心点。
—Thank you. 谢谢你。(3)当别人发生了不幸的事情时, 你应该表示同情与遗憾。这方面的常用语有:What a pity！ / I am sorry to hear that.等。如:
—I lost my iPad on my way to the office. 我在去办公室的路上丢了我的苹果平板电脑。
—I am sorry to hear that. 听到这我很遗憾。3. 打电话
(1)想找某人听电话常用:Hello! May / Could I speak to..., please?或者Hello! I would like to speak to...
(2)如果要找的人在附近, 接电话者需要时间帮你叫来, 常用:Hold on for a moment, please. / Hold on, please.
(3)如果要找的人不在或外出了, 接电话者常用:Sorry, she / he isn’t here right now. / I’m sorry, she / he isn’t in. / I’m afraid she / he is out.
(4)接电话者自我介绍常用:This is...speaking. / ...speaking. / ...here.不可用I am / I’m...
(5)接电话者询问对方是谁常用:Who’s that speaking? / Who’s calling? 不可用Are you...?
(6)询问对方是否留言常用:Can I take a message for you? / Would you please give a message to him?4. 就医、就餐与购物
(1) 就医时, 医生常用语:What’s wrong with you? / What’s the matter with you? / How long have you been like this? / Take these medicine three times a day. / Nothing serious.等。病人常用语:I have got a headache. / I don’t feel well. / There is something wrong with...for...days.等。如:
—What’s the matter with you, young man? 年轻人, 你怎么了？
—I have got a backache. 我背痛。
—How long have you been like this? 你像这样有多久了？—For two days. 两天。
—Nothing serious. Take this medicine three times a day. You’ll be all right soon. 不要紧。这药一天吃三次。你很快就会好的。
—Thank you. 谢谢你。
(2) 就餐时, 服务员常用语:Can I help you? / What can I do for you? / What would you like for supper? / Would you like something to drink? / What else would you like?等。顾客常用语:I’d like some... / Give me some..., please.等。如:—Can I help you, sir? 先生, 我能为您做点什么吗？
—I’d like some dumplings for lunch. 我午餐想吃饺子。
—What kind of dumplings do you want? 您想要什么样的饺子?
—Beef dumplings. 牛肉饺子。
—What else would you like? 您还想要什么？
—A glass of milk, please. 请给我一杯牛奶。(3) 购物时, 导购员常用语:Can I help you? / What can I do for you? / What colour do you like? / What size do you want? / What else would you like?等。顾客常用语:I’d like some... / Give me some..., please. / How much is it? / I’ll take it.等。如:
—What can I do for you, sir? 先生, 我能为您做什么？
—I want to buy a blouse for my wife. 我想给我的妻子买件衬衫。
—What colour does she like? 她喜欢什么颜色？
—Red. 红色。
—What size does she want? 她想要什么尺码的？—Medium size. 中码。
—How about this one? 这件怎么样？
—Good. How much is it? 不错。多少钱？
—280 yuan. 280元。
—That’s good. I’ll take it. 那很好。我就要它了。
5. 问路、禁止、警告与常见标志
(1) 问路时的常用语有:Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to... / which is the way to... / if there is a...near here?等。常用的答语有:Go along this road. / Take the second turning on the right. / Go down this road to the end. / You won’t miss it.等。如:—Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me the way to the People’s Hospital? 先生, 打扰一下。您能告诉我去人民医院的路吗？
—Yes. Go along this road and turn left at the second crossing. Walk on until you see it on the right. 能。沿着这条路走, 在第二个路口左拐。一直走, 直到你看到它, 它就在右边。
—Thank you very much. 非常感谢您。
—Not at all. 不客气。(2) 禁止或警告别人做某事的常用语有:You can’t do... / You mustn’t... / You are not allowed to... / If you..., you’ll... / Take care! / Be careful! / Look out!等。如:
—The floor is smooth. You can’t run so fast. You must be careful. 地板很滑。你不能跑得如此快。你必须小心点。
—OK. I will take care of myself. Take it easy. 好的。我会照顾自己。别紧张。
(3) 常见的标志有:ENTRANCE 入口, EXIT 出口, NO SMOKING 禁止吸烟, NO PARKING 禁止停车, NO PHOTOS 禁止照相, DANGER 危险, BUSINESS HOURS 营业时间。6. 天气、请求与建议
(1) 询问天气的常用语有:What’s the weather like... / How is the weather...等。常用的答语有:It’s sunny / rainy / windy / cloudy...; The weather report says it’s going to rain.等。如:
—What’s the weather like in Chongqing now? 现在重庆的天气怎么样？
—It’s sunny and hot. But the weather report says it’s going to rain soon. 晴朗炎热。但是天气预报说马上就要下雨了。(2)寻求帮助的常用语有:Excuse me. / Would you mind... / Would you please... / Could you...等。提建议的常用语有:Let’s... / Shall we... / How about... / What about... / You’d better... / You should...等。如:
—Excuse me, could you please pass me my English book? I want to go over the lessons. 打扰一下, 你能把我的英语书递给我吗？我想要复习功课。
—OK. Here you are. I want to go over them, too. Shall we study together? 好的。给你。我也想复习功课。我们可以一起学习吗？
—Sure. Then, let’s go over the notes first. 当然可以。那么, 我们先复习笔记吧。【考题精解】
( )(2018广东)—Would you mind my turning up the TV? The New Year concert has just begun.
—____. Just go ahead.
A. Please don’t B. Better not
C. I’m afraid D. Of course not
解析 本题句意:——您介意我把电视调大声吗？新年音乐会刚开始。——当然不介意。去调吧。本题考查如何回答别人的请求。Please don’t意为“请不要”;Better not意为“最好不要”;I’m afraid意为“我恐怕”, 用来表达委婉拒绝别人时, 通常用Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t来表达;Of course not意为“当然不介意”。根据横线后的句子“Just go ahead”可知, D为正确答案。
答案 D【考题再现】
( )1. (2018海南)—Sorry, I forgot to buy a pen for you.
—____. I’ll get one myself tomorrow.
A. Never mind B. No way
C. Of course not
( )2. (2018连云港)—Could you help me carry the equipment to the basketball field, Robin?
—____. I’ll do it at once.
A. Not at all B. No problem
C. Wait a moment D. That’s rightAB( )3. (2018苏州)—I’m going to take the kids to see the movie.
—____. The kids are too young. That movie is not suitable for them.
A. You’d better not B. Good idea
C. I think so D. No problem
( )4. (2018徐州)—How is your English going?
—____. I can read pretty well and my writing has improved.
A. Not bad B. Not yet
C. Not at all D. Not any more AA( )5. (2018无锡)—Chris didn’t even look at me. I did say hello to him with a big smile!
—____. But that is just so Chris. He’s always living in his own world.
A. No wonder B. No worries
C. I bet you did D. I doubt you did
( )6. (2017广东)—Would you please come to the dancing party with me tonight?
—____. I suppose we shall have a wonderful night.
A. Never mind B. Have a good time
C. Not exactly D. With pleasureAD【考点演练】
( )7. —Which one of these do you want？
—____. Either will be OK.
A. No problem B. I’m sure
C. Come on D. I don’t mind
( )8. —Can I park my car here, sir？
—____. You see, there’s much traffic here.
A. Never mind B. You’d better not
C. Of course not D. Yes, please DB( )9. —Excuse me, could I take this seat？
—Sorry, ____.
A. here you are B. take it
C. it’s taken D. never mind
( )10. —Reading is a good way to pass the time on the plane.
—____. I never go travelling without a book.
A. You are joking B. That’s true
C. I don’t think so D. It sounds like funCB( )11. —Mum, I don’t have anybody to play with. Can I have a pet?
—____ Our apartment is too small.
A. Why not? B. I hope so.
C. Anything else? D. I’m afraid not.
( )12. —Hi, Diana. How was your summer holiday?
—____! I enjoyed myself in the sea very much.
A. Good idea B. Wait a minute
C. That’s too bad D. Pretty goodDD中考真题集锦( )1. (2018上海)—____
—That’s a good idea.
A. I’ve got the first prize in the English speech contest.
B. I’d like to invite you to my birthday party tomorrow.
C. Shall we go to the farm to pick peaches this weekend? D. Would you mind opening the window a bit more?C( )2. (2018天津)—Tom fell off his bike and hurt his knee.
—____.
A. Pretty good B. That’s too bad
C. That’s funny D. That’s a good idea
( )3. (2018安徽)—It’s said that shopping online is safe.
—____. You’d better be careful.
A. I agree B. That depends
C. I think so D. No problem
( )4. (2018白银)—You look smart today!
—____
A. Not good. B. That’s OK.
C. What a shame! D. Thank you.BBD( )5. (2018兰州)—Jerry, could you tell me how to take a taxi through “Didi”?
—____.
A. Take it easy B. You are welcome
C. Thank you D. Sure, I’d love to
( )6. (2018贺州)—I hurt my leg when I visited Gupo Mountain Park yesterday.
—____
A. I’m sorry to hear that. B. Enjoy yourself!
C. That’s all right. D. Good idea.DA( )7. (2018龙东)—I’m going to Yichun for summer vacation. It’s a good place to relax.
—So it is. ____!
A. Enjoy oneself
B. Have a good trip
C. Thank you
( )8. (2018恩施州)—Sorry, I have no time to help you. I have to go to see the doctor.
—____
A. Thank you all the same.
B. Are you kidding?
C. Thank you.BA( )9. (2018黄石)—Let’s go to the National Mining Park (国家矿山公园) this weekend. I’ve never been there.
—____! I’d like to go there again.
A. Good job B. Well done
C. Good idea D. Not at all
( )10. (2018随州)—Excuse me, where’s the library?
—____. I’m new here, too.
—Thank you all the same.
A. Sorry, I don’t know B. That way, please
C. This is the library D. There it isCA( )11. (2018武汉)—It’s very kind of you to help me. Thank you very much.
—____.
A. Thank you B. Don’t thank me
C. Sorry to help you very little D. You are welcome
( )12. (2018孝感)—Could you come and help with our book sale, Alice?
—____.
A. Never mind B. I think so
C. Sure, I’d love to D. Have a good timeDC( )13. (2018宜昌)—Can you go to the opening cere-mony of the Sports Center with me?
—____. I’ve been looking forward to it.
A. I’m afraid B. It’s a pity
C. Take it easy D. Sure, I’d love to
( )14. (2018邵阳)—My mother was badly ill in hospital yesterday. I had to look after her, so I didn’t go to have the picnic.
—____.
A. Never mind B. I am sorry to hear that
C. No problem DB( )15. (2018宿迁)—May I have a look at the maga-zine China Today?
—Certainly. ____.
A. Thank you
B. It’s a pity
C. Here you are
D. I’d like toC