2019年中考英语语法复习方案2《冠词》
【趋势解读】
本专题涉及的知识点有不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及冠词的活用,难度适中,是必考点,题型主要是选择题。预计中考及自主招生的命题趋势如下:
(1)冠词的基本用法:泛指、特指、类指和专指。
(2)冠词的习惯用法:定冠词/不定冠词/零冠词的习惯用法。
(3)冠词的活用:形容词比较级、最高级和序数词等前的冠词活用。
【思维引导】
精彩笔记 1
(1)冠词是用在名词前面起辅助作用的词。主要有不定冠词a,an和定冠词the。
→用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物,是泛朴
→用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物中的任意一个。
(2) 不定冠词a,an →表示数量,但数的概念没有one强烈,a还可以用于hundred,
thousand,million等词前,相当于one,意为“一”。
→用于某些固定结构中。
核心题根1-1 Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.
A. a; the B./; a
C. /; the D. the; a
思路点拨:①句意:中国制造的洗衣机赢得了世界的关注,海尔已成为大众喜爱的一个名牌名称。② attention是不可数名词,在此处表示泛指,前面不能加冠词。③name是可数名词的单数,在此处也表示泛指。
同类变式1-1 Good news! We'll have one-day holiday in order to celebrate the 70th anniversary(纪念日)of the victory in World War Ⅱ.
A. a B. an C. the D./
核心题根1-2 It's useless book to children. Put it into left drawer and never read it.
A. a; the B. an; the
C. a; a D. an; a
思路点拨:①“一本没有用的书”,第一空是泛指,要用不定冠词。
②useless是以元音字母开头的单词,但其音节则是辅音音素/j/开头。
③第二空表示特指,特指“左边的抽屉”。
同类变式1-2 What I need is book that contains(含) ABC of oil painting(油画入门内容).
A. a;/ B. the;/ C. the; an D. a; the
方法技巧
(1)泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
(2)类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。
(3)特指是指前面已经提到的人或物,或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限制的人或物,也可以指说话双方心中所默认的、特定的人或物。
(4)专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体物。
知识归纳
(1)a/an必须用于单数可数名词前。
(2)单数可数名词前用a还是an,不取决于字母而取决于音素。a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)之前,an用于元音之前。即:
This is a B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z.
This is an A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.
精彩笔记2 定冠词the的用法
①用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。
②用于双方都知道的人或物前。
③特指的或上文已提到的人或物。
④用于宇宙中独一无二的事物的名称前。
⑤用于形容词最高级和序数词前。
⑥用于江、河、海、湖等地理专有名词及普通名词构成的专有名词前。
⑦用于姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妻二人。
⑧用于形容词前,表示一类人或事物。
⑨用于表示乐器的名词前。
⑩用于某些固定的短语中。
核心题根2 Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.
A./;the B. the;/ C. an; the D. the; a
思路点拨:①句意:一些人害怕空气污染可能会引起世界气候的变化。
②第一空后的air pollution为抽象名词,不可数,表示泛指概念。故用零冠词。
③第二空后的weather也是抽象名词,在这里特指全球的气候
同类变式2 The Whites have planned to visit Great Wall in China.
A. the B. an C. a D./
易错警示
注意a number of与the number of的区别: ① a number of意为“许多”,是个固定搭配,修饰可数名词的复数。
②the number of意为“……数量”。
精彩笔记3 零冠词
不用冠词的情况又叫零冠词。一则口诀可以帮助我们记忆名词前不使用冠词的情况:名词之前代词限,复数名词表泛指,球类学科和三餐,专有名词不可数,星期月份季节前,交通手段和节日,习语称谓和头衔。
核心题根3 Li Na started playing tennis at the age of six. She is one of best women tennis players in the world.
A. the; the B. a;/ C./;the D. the;/
思路点拨:①play与球类名词连用时,球类名词前无冠词。②“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”,是固定结构。③句意:李娜在六岁时开始打网球。她是世界上最好的女子网球选手之一。
同类变式3 Jack, American teacher, is arriving at our school by car.
A. a; the B. an;不填 C. an; the D. a;不填
知识归纳
有the无the,意思千差万别,请记住它们:at school在上学,at the school在学校里;at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁;in bed(睡、病、躺)在床上,in the bed在床上;in hospital住院,in the hospital在医院里;by sea乘船,by the sea在海滨;on earth究竟,on the earth在地球上;in front of在……前面(外部),in the front of在……前面(内部)。
精彩笔记4 冠词的习惯用法
冠词的习惯用法,主要指冠词用于某些固定的搭配之中。
(1)与不定冠词搭配的固定短语
a lot of许多 a little一点儿 a few一些,几个 take a message for为……捎口 once upon a time从前 after a while一会儿后 as a result结果 have a look看一看
have a rest休息 have a talk谈话 have a swim游泳 have a cold感冒 have a fever发烧 have a headache头痛 make a face做鬼脸 make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生 go out for a walk出去散步 take a seat坐下 have a good time玩得高兴 in a word总之 a moment ago片刻之前 in a hurry匆忙 do sb a favor帮助某人
(2)与定冠词the搭配的固定短语
all the time一直 all the year around一年到头 at the same time同时 at the age of在……岁时 at the moment此刻 at the beginning of在……开始时 by the way 顺便说 at the end of在……结束时 in the morning在早上 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上 at the foot of在……脚下 in the daytime在白天 in the middle of在……中间 in the past在过去 with the help of在……帮助下 the next year第二年 look the same看起来一样 in the open air在野外 the day before yesterday前天 in the end最后 on the other side of…在……的另一边
(3)与零冠词搭配的固定短语
day and night日日夜夜 at night在夜晚 at noon在中午 at home在家 at work在上班 at dinner在吃饭 at breakfast在吃早餐 after school放学后 by hand手工 for example例如 in danger在危险中 in time及时 on time准时 in surprise惊讶 in trouble处于麻烦中 on foot步行 pay attention to注意
take care of照看 take part in参加
核心题根4-1 Let's go to cinema-that'll take your mind off the problem for
while.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
思路点拨:①句意:让我们去看电影吧—那将会让你暂时放下头脑中的问题。
②go to the cinema为固定搭配,意为“去看电影”。
③ for a while“一会儿”,固定搭配。
同类变式4-1 Eric is not going to Nanjing by plane. Instead,he is taking
train.
A./; a B. a ; / C. a; the D. the; a
核心题根4-2 This is difficult problem that few students can work it out.
A. so B. so a C. such D. such a
思路点拨:①so“如此”,用作副词,不能修饰名词。
②such“这样的”,用作形容词,用在单数可数名词之前,其形式是“such+不定冠词+单数可数名词”。
③如果用so,其形式是“so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词”。
④“一道如此难的题”:such a difficult problem=so difficult a problem。
同类变式4-2 Mark是位如此优秀的游泳高手,他还有双如此美丽的眼睛。
Mark is swimmer. He also has .
易错警示
“a/an+序数词”表示“又一,再一”,如a second chance。“the+序数词”表示顺序。
相关提示
冠词的位置比较固定,多半置于名词、名词词组或名词化的形容词之前。但由于名词前的修饰语的搭配要求不同,冠词的位置也呈现出一些变化,具体情况如下:
(1)位于such, what, many, half等之后。
(2)quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。当rather与形容词连用修饰名词时,不定冠词放在其前后均可,但当quite与形容词连用修饰名词时,不定冠词只能放在quite之后。
(3)定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double, half, twice, three times等词(组)之后,名词之前。
跟踪练习
1.It is often said that teachers have busy life.
A.不填;不填 B. the; a C. the;不填 D.不填;a
2. There are so many photographers out that actress could hardly get out
of car.
A. an; a B. the; a C. the; the D. an; the
3. big library in our school was completed in August of 2009,
not in April,2010.
A. A; /; / B. The; the; /
C. A; the ;/ D. The; /; /
4. On March 27, 2015, President Xi Jinping held friendly talk with
many state leaders at Boao Forum(论坛)for Asia.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a;/
5.一Sir, the thief has run into the building.
一Thanks! That's useful. information.
A./ B. an C. a D. pieces of
6. We can have bluer sky if we create less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
7.一How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
一I've never had one before.
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant
C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
8. We are said to be living in Information Age, time of new discoveries and
great changes.
A. an; the B./; the C./;a D. the; a
9. Experts think that_____ recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
A. the;/ B. a; the C. a;/ D. the; a
10. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life
are working hard for new Jiangsu.
A./; a B./; the C. the; a D. the; the
参考答案
核心题根1-1:B
同类变式1-1:A
核心题根1-2:A
同类变式1-2:D
核心题根2:A
同类变式2:A
核心题根3:C
同类变式3:B
核心题根4-1:B
同类变式4-1:A
核心题根4-2:D
同类变式4-2:such a good; such beautiful eyes
跟踪练习:1-10 DCDBAABDDA