人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题二 冠词

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题二 冠词
考情总结
冠词在英语中的使用灵活多样。从近几年中考英语试题来看,中考对冠词的考查主要集中在单项选择这一题型中,属于必考点,且固定在第21小题。试题均挖两个空,考查角度包括不定冠词的用法、定冠词的用法和零冠词的用法。考生在复习时应注重练习考查定冠词和不定冠词的辨别、零冠词的固定搭配等方面的习题。
考点1 不定冠词a/an的用法
a用在辅音音素开头的词前;an用在元音音素开头的词前。如:a good boy; an honest girl。常见的几种用法如下:
用法
示例
用在第一次提到的某人或某物(或者对方不知道的人或物)之前
There's a tree in front of my house. 我家房前有棵树。
用在可数名词单数之前,指一类人或事物,表类别
A panda is a lovely animal. 熊猫是一种可爱的动物。
泛指某人或某物
A little boy went into the bookstore.
一个小男孩走进了书店。
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,表示"每一",相当于every
We play basketball two times a week.
我们每周打两次篮球。
用在序数词前,表示"又一;再一"
He failed twice.He wanted to have a third try.
他失败了两次。他想再试一次。
用在what、such、half、many、quite等词之后
such a hot day如此热的一天; half an hour半小时
提分速记
常见的含有不定冠词的表达:
a little 少量;一些 have a look 看一看
have a cold感冒 have a fever 发烧
a lot of许多;大量 have a try试一试
have a talk谈一谈 have a walk散步
have a rest休息 half an hour 半小时
take a bus乘公交车 in a hurry匆忙
pay a visit to拜访 for a while一会儿
keep a diary记日记 in a word总而言之
have a good time玩得愉快 all of a sudden 突然
a number of 许多 once in a while 时常;有时
as a result 结果 once upon a time 从前
without a break 不间断地;不停顿地
易失分点
1.不定冠词a和an的用法
①an用在以元音音素开头的词前,如:
He provides me with an excellent suggestion.
他给我提了一个很棒的建议。
②a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如:
She told me a very funny story. 她给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。
◆有些单词虽以元音字母开头,但其前的不定冠词要用a,因为单词的读音以辅音音素开头。如:
a university一所大学;a useful book一本有用的书;a European country一个欧洲国家;a usual meeting一次例会
◆有些单词虽以辅音字母开头,但其前的不定冠词要用an,因为单词开头的辅音字母不发音。如:an hour一小时; an honest person一个诚实的人
◆当单词以a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x开头且发音与字母一致时,其前的不定冠词要用an。如:an email一封电子邮件; an idea一个想法;
an old man一位老人; an X-ray X光检查
2.两个并列单数名词表示一个整体时,第二个名词前不用冠词。
A singer and dancer will join in our activity tomorrow.
明天,一位歌手兼舞者会来参加我们的活动。(表示一个人)
A singer and a dancer will join in our activity tomorrow.
明天,一位歌手和一位舞者会来参加我们的活动。(表示两个人)
There is a knife and fork. 有一副刀叉。
考点2 定冠词the的用法
用法
示例
特指某(些)人或某(些)物
The tall boy against the door is my cousin Mike. 靠着门的那个高个子男孩是我的表兄迈克。
用于上文提及的或谈话双方都知道的人或物
I bought a book yesterday. The book is about American history.
我昨天买了本书。这本书是关于美国历史的。
指世界上独一无二的事物
the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球
用于普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 the United States 美国
用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称之前
the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Yellow River黄河
用在西洋乐器类名词前
play the piano/ guitar / violin
弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴
用在姓氏的复数前表示"……全家人或夫妇两人"
the Smiths史密斯一家/夫妇
用在序数词前、形容词或副词的最高级前,或者是next, last, same, only前,表示特指
Carl is the tallest boy in our class.
卡尔是我们班个子最高的男孩。
用于"the +比较级,the +比较级"结构中
The more effort we make, the better grades we will get. 我们越努力,成绩就越好。
用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人
the old老人 the young年轻人 the blind 盲人 the rich富人 the poor穷人
用于表方位或方向的名词前
in/on/to the east在东部The bank is to the west of the shop. 那家银行在该商店的西侧。
提分速记
常见的含有定冠词的习惯表达:
by the way顺便问一下
in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上
in the end 最后
all the time一直 all the way 一路上;自始至终
in the middle of 在……的中间
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the moment 此刻;现在
at the same time 同时
with the help of 在……的帮助下
go to the cinema 去看电影
in the way 妨碍;挡道 on the left/right在左边/右边
at the age of在……岁时 at the top of 在……的顶部
考点3 零冠词的用法
零冠词是指英文中某些情况下名词前不使用冠词的情况。
用法
示例
一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类等名词前
have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早餐/午餐/晚餐;play football踢足球;play chess下象棋;
study/learn English学英语
与by连用的交通工具名词前
by train乘火车;by bus乘公共汽车
人名、地名等专有名词前
I'm Lucy.我是露西。in China在中国
节假日、月份、星期几前
on Teachers' Day 在教师节;in September 在九月;
on Sunday 在周日
名词前有形容词性物主代词或指示代词、名词所有格、some、any、many或much作定语时
This garden is really big.
这座花园真的很大。
不可数名词表示类别时
Beef is a kind of healthy food.
牛肉是一种健康食品。
复数名词表示一类事物时
I like pandas best. 我最喜欢熊猫。
提分速记
常见的省略冠词的习惯表达:
at first 首先　　　　　　　　 at least 至少
at home 在家 　　　　　 at times有时;间或
at noon/night/midnight在中午/在夜里/在午夜
by mistake错误地 　　　　　 by bus乘公共汽车
by bike 骑自行车 　　　　　 by train 乘火车
by plane/air 乘飞机 in fact 事实上
in time 及时 　　　　　 in danger处于危险中
on foot步行 　　　　　 on time 按时
out of danger脱离危险 　 on holiday度假
go to bed上床睡觉　　　　　 go to sleep 睡觉
go to school/work/university上学/上班/上大学
妙辨异同
有的名词之前既可以加定冠词,也可以不加冠词,其含义有所不同。常见的此类用法有:
专题二 冠词
1.[2018天津]There is 　　　 old piano in 　　　corner of the living room.?
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
2.[2018广东]　　　new study says that going to　　　bed late is harmful to our health.?
A. /; / B. A; / C. A; the D. The; the
3.[2018连云港]Zanco, 　　　American tech company, made 　　　tiniest phone in the world — the Tiny T1.?
A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the
4.[2018潍坊]To prepare for 　　　 trip to LA, Betty is making 　　　 list of things to take along.?
A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填
5.[2018玉林]—How often do you play tennis?
—Twice 　　　 week.And I often play it in 　　　 sports center in our school.?
A. the; / B. a; an C. an; the D. a; the
6.[2018郑州一测]With 　　　 development of science and technology, China has entered 　　　 new era (时代).?
A. a; an B. a; the　　 C. the; a　　 D. the; /
7.[2018郑州外国语三模]—　　　 Father's Day is coming. What gift will you send to your father??
—A tie. I picked 　　　 amazing one yesterday.?
A. The; an B. /; the C. The; a D. /; an
8.[2018新乡模拟]—How do you like 　　　 bike in the shop??
—Cool!I will be happy if you buy one like this as 　　　 present for my birthday.?
A. /; the B. the; the C. /; a D. the; a
9.[2018洛阳二模]—Mum,could you give me 　　　 hand?I can't work out 　　　 answer to this question.?
—Sure!I'm coming.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the
10.[2018焦作二模]Most people think Charlie is 　　　 boy's name.But 　　　 name is becoming more popular for girls in the United States.?
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. /; a
11.May is 　　　 fifth month of the year. It's 　　　 very pleasant month.?
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; /
12.[2019原创]—Have you seen 　　　 movie The Island(《一出好戏》)directed by Huang Bo??
—Yes, it's 　　　 wonderful one. ?
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
13.[2019原创]—Jane, I found 　　　 umbrella. Is it yours??
—No, it's Mike's. Mine is 　　　 third one over there.?
A. a; an B. an; the C. the; a D. a; the
14.[2019原创]—Does your father go to work by 　　　 car every day??
—No, he sometimes takes 　　　 bus.?
A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. a; /
15.—Look at 　　　 picture they're talking about.?
—It's 　　　 beautiful one.?
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
16.[2019原创]—I'm happy to work as 　　　 volunteer in the old people's home.?
—It's really 　　　 unforgettable experience for you.?
A. a; the B. the; an C. a; an D. a; a
17.[2019原创]English is 　　　 useful subject, but it is 　　　 most difficult for me.?
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
18.[2019原创]—Have you ever visited 　　　 famous temple in this area? ?
—Yes, I have. I have never seen 　　　 better one before. ?
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
19.Last night, I saw 　　　funny movie with my friend. We laughed from the beginning to 　　　end.?
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; the D. the; /
20.[2019原创]—Who's 　　　 boy under the tree??
—Jim. He's 　　　 active boy.?
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; a D. the; an
21.[2019原创]What 　　　 sad news! Shan Tianfang passed away on September 11th,2018. He was one of 　　　 most famous pingshu performers in China.?
A. a; the B. /; the C. a; a D. /; /
【参考答案】
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