人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题三 代词

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题三 代词
考情总结
代词是中考英语的必考考点。通常在单项选择、完形填空和词语运用这三类题目中考查。代词考查的知识点包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词(复合不定代词和普通不定代词)。代词的命题特点主要如下:
1.人称代词和物主代词主要在词语运用中考查,涉及人称代词的主格、主格变宾格、主格变形容词性物主代词。
2.复合不定代词和反身代词主要在单项选择中考查。
考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
类别
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
人称代词
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
反身
代词
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
?人称代词
人称代词的主格在句中作主语;宾格在句中作宾语,用在动词或介词后,也可作表语,用在be动词或系动词之后。如:
①I saw her walking across the busy street. 我看见她穿过繁忙的街道。
(I是主语,her是动词saw的宾语)
②Can you help look after him for a while? 你能帮忙照看他一会儿吗?
(you 是主语,him是介词after的宾语)
③—Who's the girl in the photo?照片上的女孩是谁?
—It's me. 是我。(me是be动词is的表语)
提分速记
it的常见用法
(1)指代上文中提到过的事物, 如:You have saved my life. I will never forget it. 你救了我的命,这我永远不会忘记。
(2)指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等,如:It will be winter in a month's time. 再过一个月就是冬天了。
(3)作形式主语,常用于以下句型:
It's+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth. 做某事(对于某人来说)是……的
It's time to do/for/that... 是(做)……的时间了
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It seems that...好像……
It takes(sb.)+ some time +to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间
It is difficult for him to make a decision. 做决定对他而言是很难的。
It's very kind of you to help me. 你真好,帮了我忙。
It seems that she is not afraid of it at all. 她看起来好像一点也不害怕。
(4)作形式宾语,代替动词不定式、动名词或从句,常用在find,feel,make,think,discover等词后。如:I think it important to protect the environment. 我认为保护环境很重要。
?物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
(1)形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,修饰名词,一般不单独使用。如:
This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。
We'll visit their new house this weekend.
我们这周末将去参观他们的新房子。
(2)形容词性物主代词+own+名词,表示强调。如:
There is something wrong with her own smartphone.
她自己的智能手机出问题了。
(3)名词性物主代词可以作主语、表语和宾语,其后不能跟名词。名词性物主代词相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词"。如:
This is not my backpack. Mine is black, over there.
这不是我的双肩包。我的双肩包是黑色的,在那里。
Whose dictionary is it, yours or his?
这是谁的字典,你的还是他的?
?反身代词
(1)反身代词可以在句中作宾语、同位语。如:
Be careful! Don't hurt yourself! 当心!别伤到自己了。
The matter itself is not serious. 那件事情本身并不严重。
(2)反身代词常与其他词连用,构成固定搭配。常见的有:
keep sth. to oneself保守秘密 prove oneself证明自己
buy oneself sth. 给自己买…… enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help oneself to...随便吃点…… look after oneself 照顾自己
learn sth. by oneself 自学 make oneself at home别拘束
dress oneself 穿着;打扮
考点2 不定代词
?普通不定代词
常考的易混淆的普通不定代词主要有以下几组:
(1)many/much/some/any/(a) few/(a) little
代词
用法
例句
many
"很多",代替或修饰可数名词复数
There are many people in the park.
公园里有很多人。
much
"很多",代替或修饰不可数名词
You needn't take too much money.
你不必带很多钱。
some
"一些",既可以代替或修饰可数名词,又可以代替或修饰不可数名词;多用在肯定句中,还可以用在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中
—You must be thirsty. Can I get you some water?
你一定渴了。我给你拿点水,好吗?
—Thanks.谢谢。
any
"一些",既可以代替或修饰可数名词,又可以代替或修饰不可数名词;多用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中;用在肯定句中表示"任何一个/些"
—Are there any apples in the fridge? 冰箱里有苹果吗?
—Yes, there are some./No, there aren't any.
是的,有一些。/不,没有。
few
"几乎没有",代替或修饰可数名词复数,表否定意义
I have few friends in this town.
我在这个城镇里几乎没有朋友。
little
"几乎没有",代替或修饰不可数名词,表否定意义
Little milk is left. Let's go to buy some.
牛奶几乎没有了。咱们去买点吧。
a few
"一些,少量",代替或修饰可数名词复数,表肯定意义
Ken gave me a few cards.
肯给了我几张卡片。
a little
"一些,少量",代替或修饰不可数名词,表肯定意义
Could you give me a little bread?
你能给我一些面包吗?
(2)either/neither/both/all/none

代词
用法
例句
与两者相关
either
"(两者中)任何一个",作主语时,谓语动词用单数;either...or..."或者……或者……,要么……要么……",连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词遵循"就近原则"
—Where will you go on vacation, Kunming or Sanya?
你要去哪里度假,昆明还是三亚?
—Either is possible. It's up to my mom.
哪儿都有可能。那取决于我妈妈。
neither
"两者都不",neither...nor..."既不……也不……",连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词遵循"就近原则"
Neither Tom nor I am interested in chemistry.
汤姆和我对化学都不感兴趣。
both
"两者",both...and..."……和……"都,连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数
Both of my parents like swimming in summer.
我爸爸妈妈夏天都喜欢游泳。
与三者及以上相关

all
"(三者或三者以上)全部",作主语时,谓语动词的单复数受其后名词的影响
All of the students prefer staying indoors to hanging outside because of the hot weather.由于天气炎热,所有的学生都宁愿待在室内而不愿出去闲逛。
All of the money is used to help the children in the mountain village.
所有的钱都被用来帮助山村里的孩子们了。
none
"(三者或三者以上中)没有一个"
None of the questions is/are about school life. 没有一个问题是关于学校生活的。
易混辨析：no one/none
用法
no one
none
指代对象
只能指代人
可以指代人或物
谓语动词
只能用单数。如:No one is here.没有人在这里。
none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数都可以。如:
None of the students know/knows about the exciting news.
没有一个学生知道这个激动人心的消息。
是否能和of 连用
否
是
提问方式
疑问词用who
—Who was late? 谁迟到了?
—No one. 没人迟到。
疑问词用how many
—How many birds are there in the tree?
树上有几只鸟?
—None.一只也没有。
(3)each/every
代词
用法
例句
every
强调整体,指三者或三者以上的人或物中的"每一个",其后不可加of,仅用作定语,不可单独使用
Every man can be a great cook.
每个人都能成为一名优秀的厨师。
each
强调个体,指两者或两者以上的人或物中的"每一个",可与of连用,用作形容词或代词,可单独使用
Each of them paid attention to what the other said.
他们两个都注意听对方所说的话。
(4)other/the other/others/the others/another
代词
用法
例句
other
泛指"另外的(人或物)",一般用作定语,修饰复数名词或不可数名词。
I've got some other friends I'd like to invite.
我还想邀请一些其他的朋友。
the other
特指"两者中的另一个(人或物)",常与one连用,构成"one...the other...";作定语修饰复数名词时,表示"其余全部的"。
I have two bikes. One is red, and the other is blue. 我有两辆自行车。一辆是红色的,另一辆是蓝色的。
There are thirty students here. Ten come from Class Five. Eight are from Class Seven. And the other students are from Class Ten. 这里有三十个学生。五班十个,七班八个,剩下的都是十班的。
others
泛指"其他的(人或物)",相当于"other+复数名词",不能作定语,常与some连用,构成"some...others..."。
Look! How happy they are! Some are singing, and others are dancing.
看,他们多开心啊!一些人在唱歌,另一些人在跳舞。
the others
特指"其余所有的(人或物)",相当于"the other+复数名词",不能作定语
Helen is taller than the others in our class. 海伦比我们班其他学生都高。
another
泛指"(三者或三者以上中的)另一个",可用作定语;还可以和数词以及复数名词连用,表示"再几个",another+数词+名词复数=数词+ more+名词复数。
What delicious cakes! May I have another one?
多美味的蛋糕啊!我能再吃一个吗?
The doctor says I should stay in bed for another two days.(=two more days)
医生说我应该再卧床休息两天。
?复合不定代词
初中阶段常见的复合不定代词:
-one
someone
anyone
everyone
no one
-body
somebody
anybody
everybody
nobody
-thing
something
anything
everything
nothing
(1)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语
动词一般用单数。如:
Is everyone here? 人都到齐了吗?
Someone is knocking at the door. 有人敲门。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 心之所愿,无事不成。
(2)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词之后。如:
I found something interesting in English learning.
我发现英语学习的有趣之处了。
Someone friendly can be easy to make friends with.
友好的人容易与之交朋友。
提分速记
代词
用法
例句
something
意为"某事;某物",通常用在肯定句中;还可以用在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
—Would you like something to eat?
你想要一些吃的吗?
—Yes, please. 是的,请给我一些。
anything
意为"某事;某物"时,通常用在否定句或疑问句中;anything还可以用在肯定句中,此时表示"任何事情;任何东西"。
Did you find anything in the room?
你在那个房间里找到什么东西了吗?
You can buy anything you want on the Internet.
你在网上可以买到任何你想要的东西。
nothing
意为"没有任何东西;没有任何事",相当于not...anything。
There is nothing in the bottle.
瓶子里什么都没有。
Nothing is impossible if you work hard. 如果你努力工作,没有什么事情是不可能的。
everything
意为"所有东西;每件事"。
Everything will be fine. Don't worry.
一切都会好起来的,别担心。
somebody
某人;重要人物,大人物
Somebody has cleaned the classroom.
有人已经打扫过教室了。
She always thinks that she is somebody.
她总认为自己是个重要人物。
nobody
没有人;无足轻重的人,小人物
Nobody is allowed to come here.
这里不允许任何人进入。
He is regarded as a nobody in this group.
在这个团队中,他被看作是无足轻重的人物。
考点3 指示代词
单数
复数
用法
例句
this
these
用于指时间或空间上较近的事物
I like this car better than that one over there.
与那边那辆车相比,我更喜欢这一辆。
that
those
用于指时间或空间上较远的事物
These are animals and those are plants. 这些是动物,那些是植物。
易失分点
(1)that/those、one/ones、it的用法:
①that指代上文提及的单数可数名词或不可数名词;those指代上文提及的复数可数名词,此时that=the one,those=the ones。如:
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the bottle.
这个杯子里的水比那个瓶子里的水热。
The values of today's young people are different from those of their parents. 今天年轻人的价值观与他们的父母不同。
②one指代上文提及的单数可数名词类别中的一类;ones指代复数可数名词类别中的一个,同类而不同物,表泛指。如:
I don't have a pen. Can you lend me one? 我没有钢笔。你能借我一支吗?
The big fish eat little ones. 大鱼吃小鱼。
③it指代上下文中提到的同一事物,如:
We saw a big tree. It was fully twenty meters high.
我们看见一棵大树。它足有20米高。
(2)在电话用语中,this指代自己,that指代对方。如:
—Hello! This is Lucy. Who's that?
喂,我是露西。你是哪位?
—Hey, Lucy. This is Mary. 嘿,露西。我是玛丽。
考点4 疑问代词
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,一般放在句首,并在句中充当主语、表语、宾语或定语。
疑问代词
用法
例句
who谁
对人称代词主格和宾格进行提问
Who sits in front of you?
谁坐在你的前面?
whom谁
对人称代词宾格进行提问
Whom did he meet yesterday?他昨天见了谁?
whose谁的
对物主代词进行提问
Whose book is this?
这是谁的书?
what什么
对具体内容进行提问
What do you like about this film?关于这部电影你喜欢什么?
which哪个
对指定范围内的"哪个"进行提问
Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节?
归纳拓展
(1)所有疑问代词均可用作连接代词,引导宾语从句。如:
I'm not sure who will come tonight. 我不确定今晚谁会来。
No one knows what will happen. 没人知道将会发生什么。
Do you know which is right? 你知道哪个是对的吗?
(2)除what 外的疑问代词均可用作关系代词,引导定语从句。 如:
Here is the man who you want to see. 你想见的人就在这里。
I prefer the book which is educational. 我喜欢具有教育意义的书。
得分巧记
含what的常考句型:
▲询问意见:①What about...?你认为……怎么样?
②What do you think of...?你认为……怎么样?
③What would you like to...?你想……?
▲询问职业: What is sb.?=What does sb. do? 某人是做什么的?
▲询问外貌: What does sb. look like? 某人长什么样?
▲询问性格: What is sb. like?某人怎么样?
▲询问天气: What is the weather like?=How is the weather?天气怎么样?
专题三　代词
1.[2018广东]Boxing Day, the 26th of December, got　　　name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas.?
A. it's B. its C. one's D. one
2.[2018吉林改编]—Which club do you want to join, the chess club or the swimming club?
—　　　. I want to join the basketball club.?
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Either
3.[2018上海]Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and　　　is noisy.?
A. another B. the other C. other D. others
4.[2018荆州]—Do you have any interesting news to tell us?
—No,　　　　much.?
A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
5.[2018无锡]You're the future of this country. Don't keep asking what this country can do for you. Ask 　　　　 what you can do for this country.?
A. us B. ourselves C. you D. yourselves
6.[2018郑州八中三模]After I said sorry to my teacher for what I did wrong, I could be at peace with 　　　 at last.?
A. me B. us C. myself D. ourselves
7.[2018洛阳一模]—A latest Luoyang Daily, please.
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have 　　　, sir??
A. one B. it C. this D. that
8.[2018安阳一模]—My son is not good at his schoolwork. What should I do?
—Don't worry.All things in their being are good for　　　.?
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
9.[2018许昌二模]We must protect plants because they are friends of 　　　.?
A. ours B. us C. our D. we
10.[2018平顶山三模]—Your English is very good. How do you learn it?
—I began to teach 　　　 English when I was six and I have still kept the habit so far.?
A. yourself B. you C. me D. myself
11.[2018濮阳二模]If you don't like　　　,change it.If you can't change it,change your attitude.Complaining makes no difference.?
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
12.[2018焦作二模]No one has ever made　　　great by showing how small someone else is.?
A. it B. him C. himself D. itself
13.[2019原创]—I heard you had dinner with Rita's family. 　　　 are they like??
—They are polite and friendly.
A. Which B. What C. Who D. Whose
14.The wise man knows he knows nothing;the fool thinks he knows 　　　. ?
A. any B. all C. none D. either
15.[2019原创]—Mom, I need a glass of juice.
—I'm busy with my work. Why don't you make it 　　　??
A. itself B. himself C. herself D. yourself
16.—Where is Alice?Do you see her?
—Oh, I saw 　　　 talking with her at the door.?
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
17.[2019原创]—Jack, do you know whose jacket this is?
—Oh, it's 　　　! I've been looking for it these days.?
A. hers B. its C. his D. mine
18.—When shall we meet to go skating together, on Saturday or Sunday?
—　　　 is OK for me.I'll be free at weekends.?
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
19.[2019原创]—Let it be the secret between us.
—Trust me. I promised to say 　　　 about it to anyone.?
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
20.[2019原创]—How are his last two books?
—I think they are better than 　　　 he wrote earlier. ?
A. it B. those C. one D. ones
【参考答案】
1—5 BABBD　6—10 CBAAD　11—15 BCBBD　16—20 CDABB