人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题四 数词

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题四 数词
考情总结
　近几年中招试题中,数词涉及的考点有两个:基数词和序数词。运用中考查了基数词three变序数词完形填空中考查了序数词词语运用中考查了基数词hundred;完形填空和词语运用中分别考查了序数词fifth、first; 词语运用中考查了基数词three变序数词third;2010年词语运用中考查了序数词first。完形填空主要考查数词在具体语境中的运用,一般需要通过理解语境或逻辑推理选出答案,四个选项均为序数词;词语运用主要考查基数词变序数词(均考查特殊变形)或直接填写所给的基数词或序数词。
解答此类试题应掌握以下方法:
1.熟记基数词与序数词的变化规则;
2.表示"几"用基数词;表示"第几"用序数词;
3.若空格前有具体的数字(one、two、three等),且空格后有可数名词复数,空格处常用hundred、thousand等表示确数;
4.若空格前有the,空格处常用序数词。此外,在听力理解试题中,常有涉及时间、价格等方面的考查,有时考生还要根据所听内容进行简单计算,这是考生容易失分的地方,需要引起注意。
考点1 基数词的用法
基数词主要表示具体的数量、时间、年龄等。常见的用法有以下几种:
1.表示数量的多少。如:
There are twenty-five girls in our class.我们班里有25个女孩。
2.表示年份和年龄。如:
He was born in 2002. 他出生于2002年。
—How old is Molly? 莫莉多大了?
—She is fifteen years old. 她15岁了。
3.表示时刻。表示时刻的方法有两种:
(1)第一种为直接表达法,即直接读出来,小时在前,分钟在后。如:7:25 读作seven twenty-five。
(2)第二种为间接表达法。在半小时(含半小时)之内用"分钟+past+小时",表示"几点过几分";超过半个小时用"所差分钟数+to+下一钟点",表示"差几分到几点"。如:3:15读作a quarter past three;5:40读作twenty to six。
【注意】整点一般用"基数词+o'clock"表示。如:6点钟 读作six o'clock
4.表示编号。由"单数名词+基数词"构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常都大写。如:
Class Three 三班　Room 5　5号房间　Lesson Ten 第十课
(the)No. 9 Middle School第九中学
5.表示确数和概数。
表示确定的数目:
具体数字+数词+名词复数
hundred,thousand,million这些词前面有one,two,three...等具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million这些词的词尾不加-s,表示确数,其后的名词要用复数形式。如:
There are six hundred workers in this factory.
这家工厂有600名工人。
表示不确定的数目:
数词加-s+of+名词复数
hundred,thousand,million这些词前面没有具体数字,其后加-s,并与of连用,即:hundreds of(成百上千的),thousands of(成千上万的,数以千计的),millions of(数以百万计的)。如:
Thousands of visitors have come here to have a visit in the past two weeks.
在过去的两周里,有成千上万名游客到这里来旅游。
6."in+the+年份-s"表示"在……世纪……年代";"in+one's+整十的基数词的复数形式"表示"在某人……多岁时"。如:
In the 1990s, he went abroad. 在20世纪90年代,他出国了。
He wrote a book in his twenties. 他在20多岁时就写了一本书。
提分速记
(1)"基数词+名词+形容词"合成的定语中,名词用单数形式。如:
a 3-meter-wide bridge一座三米宽的桥
(2)数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等的名词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Three years has passed and I have learned a lot here.
三年过去了,我在这里学到了很多。
(3)another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数。如:
I need another three tables.=I need three more tables.我还需要三张桌子。
考点2 序数词的用法
序数词是表示顺序的词。关于基数词和序数词的转换,有一些特殊的变化要注意。常见的有:
one→first;two→second;three→third;five→fifth;eight→eighth;nine→ninth;
twelve→twelfth;forty→fortieth;eighty→eightieth;ninety→ninetieth
得分巧记
基变序,有规律,多数词尾加-th。
一二三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。
八去t,九去e,f来把ve替,然后再加-th。
遇到整十需注意,变y为-ie,然后再加-th。
若是遇到几十几,只变个位数字就可以;
中间连字符"-",千万别忘记。
?序数词的用法:
1.序数词表示顺序时,其前要加定冠词the,其后通常接单数名词。如:
The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅图很美。
The fourth student comes from America.第四个学生来自美国。
2.序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示"再……,又……"。如:
I've tried twice, but I'll try a third time. 我已试过两次了,但我将再试一次。
3.当序数词与形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用时,其前不用定冠词。如:
This is my first time to travel abroad.这是我第一次出国旅游。
考点3 分数的用法
分数是由基数词和序数词相结合来表达的。
1.分数的构成
分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。如:
三分之一 one third;五分之二two fifths。
2.主谓一致
"分数+of+限定词+名词复数"作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;"分数+of+限定词+不可数名词/名词单数"作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;即谓语动词的单复数要根据分数后的名词来决定。如:
About two thirds of the students in this class go to school by bus.
这个班大约三分之二的学生乘坐公共汽车去上学。
Three fifths of the water in this area was polluted.这个地区五分之三的水被污染了。
3.quarter, half 和percent 的用法
四分之一通常用a/one quarter来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half 来表示;百分之几通常用"基数词+percent"来表示,如:30%可以表达为"30 percent"。
专题四　数词　　　　　　　
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.Miss Lin lives on the　　　floor. She is tired of climbing stairs.(seven) ?
2.On her　　　 birthday, she received a valuable present from her aunt.(twelve)?
3.For 　　　of Chinese people, it is a tradition to get together with their families during the Spring Festival.(million)?
4.May is the 　　　month of the year.(five)?
5.—It's raining again!
—Yeah, this is the 　　　 (four) rainy day in the week!?
6.[2019原创]This is my 　　　 day to be here. Everything goes well.(two)?
7.Please think 　　　 before you hand in your paper.(two)?
8.Mum, the beautiful card I made last night is just for your 　　　birthday.(forty)?
9.My school is going to have an open day on the　　　of next month.(ten)?
10.[2019原创]Two 　　　(three) of the students in our class have been to the science museum.?
二、单项选择
1.[2018青岛]It's my daughter's birthday today. She's　　　years old.?
A. eighteen B. eighteenth C. the eighteen D. the eighteenth
2.[2018重庆B卷]　　　people visited Hongyadong, Chongqing on May Day this year. ?
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
3.[2018绥化改编]This is my　　　day to be here.?
A. a second B. the second C. second D. two
4.[2018连云港]—Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?
—Of course, it's built over a 　　　canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.?
A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep
C. 300 meter deep D. 300-meters deep
5.[2018黄冈]—Dad, about 　　　 of our classmates wear glasses.?
—Oh, that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth
C. third fourths D. three quarters
6.[2018东营]We asked 1,000 students from Hope Middle School about what kind of books they loved. Here are the results.
According to the pie chart above, 　　　of the students love science books. ?
A. ten percent B. fifteen percent
C. a quarter D. half
7.[2018邵阳改编]My daughter is　　　years old.Today is her　　　birthday.?
A. nine; nineth B. nine; ninth
C. ninth; nine D. nine; nine
8.—Where were you born, Nancy?
—I was born in a small village with only three 　　　 people. ?
A. hundred　　　 B. hundreds
C. hundreds of D. hundred of
9.Susan's mother looks so young. It's hard to imagine she's already in her 　　　. ?
A. sixty B. sixties C. sixtieth D. sixtiethes
10.[2019原创]—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes. Another ten days 　　　 enough.?
A. is　　　　 B. was　　　　　 C. are D. were
【参考答案】
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.seventh　2.twelfth　3.millions　4.fifth　5.fourth　6.second
7.twice　8.fortieth　9.tenth　10.thirds
二、单项选择
1—5 ADCAD　6—10 DBABA